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Vol. XVIII, No. 3 number of papers on problems of grammar and etymology. A. Wezler (Hamburg) also studied Vyākarana.
T. Aufrecht compiled an alphabetical register of Sanskrit works and authors which is still an indispensable work of reference for all students of Sanskrit Catalogus Catalogorum, Leipzig 1891-1903. E. Windisch's Geschidte der Sanskrit-Philologie und indischen Altertumskunde, Strassburg 1917-1920, is a comprehensive history of Indological studies in the 19th century. Vedic Studies
The first German to study the Rgveda was F. Rosen whose early death in 1837 prevented him from publishing a complete Rgveda edition with a Latin translation. It was Max Mueller who published a critical edition of the text in six volumes. Translations were also made by G. Grassmann, A Ludwig, and K. F. Geldner. H. Oldenberg, R. Pischel and K. F. Geldner wrote critically on text related problems. The edition and translation of Sama-veda by T. Benfey appeared almost simultaneously with that of the Rgveda. A Weber worked on the Yajurveda. An Atharvaveda Saṁhită edition was the joint effort of R. van Roth and the English scholar W. D. Whitney. L. von Schroeder edited the Maitrāyaṇi Saṁhitā. Among scholars working on Vedic subjects today are W Rau (Marburg), P. Thieme (Tuebingen). K. Mylius (Leipzig), M. Witzel (Combridge, Mass), and K. Janert (Koeln).
When Vedic religion was first studied, Vedic gods were considered to be personified phenonmena of nature. They were seen in the context of comparative mythology. M Mueller and A. Kuhn were the chief exponents of this thought. A. Hillebrandt and H. Oldenberg studied Vedic religion on the basis of ritual literature. J. Hertel was of the opinion that the Veda should only be studied together with the Avestā. His theory that the Veda originated outside India is no longer acceptable. R. Pischel and K. Geldner in Vedische Studien, relied more on indigenous commentators than Indo-Aryan parallels. In more recent times gods whose ethical and sociological functions are clearly definable have been subjects of monographs, e.g., H. Lueders' Varuna, Goettingen 1951-59. P. Thieme (Tuebingen) wrote Mitra und Aryamān, New Haven, Connectticut, 1957, and H. P. Schmidt (Los Angeles) Byhaspati und Indira, Wiesbaden, 1968. The problem of the age of the Veda has given rise to a lot of controversy. No consensus has been arrived at so far. The relative chronology of the Veda has been discussed by W. Wuest (Muenchen) in Stilgeschichte und Chronologie des Veda (History of style and chronology of
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