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Vol. XVIII, No. 3
107
our understanding of complementarity in physics". 8
The analytic approach to understand and explore reality has got great importance in our study of reality; but to ignore the fact that the analysed elements have been abstracted form a whole leads to various forms of absolutism. The relative elements are true when understood in the context of the whole. Comprehensive knowledge consists of the knowlege of the real in all its aspects;"partial cognitions are true only as related to the whole and hence related mutually, otherwise they are false”, says Dr. N. M. Tatia. “In order to express the internal harmony of the apparently opposed charactiristics and also to attain logical and linguistic precision, the Jaina philosopher has proposed to prefix the restrictive expression syāt (as seen in the title of the doctrine) which means in some respects or with reference to those propositions which have some controversial characterics as predicates” 10 The techanique adopted by the Jaina in this context may not be approved unanimously, but the spirit of so restricting the scope of the prepositions and concepts may be seen to run through all forms of thinking, including even that of the scientists. The restrictive contexts are very often unwillingly and unconsciously recognised in our thinking. It is also held that their explicit mention becomes unaviodable where it is found necessary. Such a practice is in no way obstructive to the progress of Syādvāda logic and the complimentarity approach to reality.
Jainism introduces another doctrine under the title 'nikșepa' meaning installation, which, in general, is purposed "to bring under purview what is desired or required (prāksta) and to brush aside what is not desired or required (aprākrta)”. 11 In other words the doctrine is devised to keep the subject proper in the focus of our study and exposition and also to put away what does not come under purview as subject proper. To achieve this aim the doctrine prescribes various ways, the first of them being the development of nemenclature and terminology (năma) to make a start.12 The process required by the doctrine of niksepa precedes our cognitive activity which is followed by the process of predication for communication of what we cognise. The choice of words and terms helps the process of understanding reality for ourselves and that of communication for other, to a great extent. The choice of terms and words is also to be supplemented by the proper formation of propositions and sentences to facilitate the proper presentation of our judgments. To fulfil this aim, in different fields of study there has been a gradual emergence of a suitable type
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