Truthfullness and Truth in Jaina Philosophy

Author(s): Peter Flugel
Publisher: ZZ_Anusandhan

Page 31

१९६
अनुसन्धान ५० (२)
aravimdam eva pamkajam iti.
20 PannU 81: sthāpanā-satyam nāma aksara-mudrā-vinyāsâdişu yathā māsako'yam kārsāpaņo'yam satam idam sahasram idam iti.
21 PannU 81: nāma-satyam nāma kulama-varddhayann api kulavarddhana ity ucyate dhanam avarddhamāno 'pi dhana-varddhana ity ucyate, apakşas tu paksa iti.
22 PaņņU 81: rūpa-satyam nāma tad-guṇasya tathā rūpa-dhāraṇam rūpa-satyam, yathā prapañcayateḥ pravrajita-rūpa-dhāraṇam iti. Pann?, 257a: yathā dambhato grhita-pravrajitarūpaņ pravrajito 'yam iti.
23 OKUDA (1975: 127) translates pratitya-satyā as 'relative truth'.
24 PaņņU 81: pratitya-satyam nāma yathā anāmikāyā dirghatvam hrasvatvam cêti, tathā hi tasyânamta-pariņāmasya dravyasya tat tatsahakāri-kāraṇa-sannidhanena tat tad-rūpam abhivyajyata iti satyatā. PannT, 257a uses the expression pratitya-āśritya, recourse to confirmation. PaņV 11.17 gives the synonym apekṣā, consideration or regard.
25 PaņņU 81: vyavahāra-satyam nāma dahyate giriḥ galati bhājanam anudarā kanya alomā ediketi, giri-gata-trņādi-dāhe loke vyavahārah pravarttate, tathôdake ca galati sati, tathā sambhoga-jivaprabhavôdarâbhāve ca sati, lavana-yogya-lomābhāve cêti.
26 PannU 81: bhāva-satyam nāma śuklā balākā, saty api pamcavarņa-sambhave.
27 PannU 81: yoga-satyam nāma chattra-yogāc chattri danda-yogād dandity evam ādi.
28 Cf. UPADHYAYA (1987: 105–7) on Hemacandra's examples of upacāra, secondary meaning of a word based on similarity.
29 PaņņU 81: upamayā satyam nāma samudravat taļāgam.
30 The problem of the vagueness of the concept of 'heaps' is also addressed in the so-called sorites paradoxes attributed to Eubilides.
31 Thāna 254 (4.102) distinguishes four types (aspects) of untruth defined in terms of equivocality or insincerity (aņujjuyatā <anrjukata) of (1) gesture, (2) speech, (3) mind, (4) contradictory combination of the three, with the intent to deceive.
32 According to Jain philosophy, cognitive and motivational factors