Truthfullness and Truth in Jaina Philosophy

Author(s): Peter Flugel
Publisher: ZZ_Anusandhan

Page 29

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अनुसन्धान ५० (२)
taciturnity (aṇālāva <an-ālāpa>), (3) flattery (ullava <ullāpa>), (4) insult (an-ullava <an-ullapa>), (5) dialogue (samlava <samlapa>), (6) prattle (palāva <pralapa>), (7) contradiction (vi-ppalāva <vi-pralapa>).
7 The differentiation between the True (sacca) and the Wrong (mosa)' was characterised as 'primitive' by SCHUBRING (2000 § 74: 157).
I do not give the original wording in all cases. In different words, the same teaching is expressed in DVS, 7.1-3, which may be the oldest text concerning this subject:
caunham khalu bhāsāņam parisamkhaya pannavam / donham tu vinayam sikkhe, do na bhāsejja savvaso || 1 ||
ja ya sacca avattavva saccamosa ya jā musā / ja ya buddhehi 'ṇāinnā, na tam bhāsejja pannavam // 2 //
a-sacca-mosam saccam ca anavajjam akakkasam/ samuppeham asamdiddham giram bhāsejja pannavam // 3 //
[1] Of the four kinds of speech, the thoughtful [monk] should, after consideration, learn the training in two, [but] should not use the other two ones at any occasion.
[2] That [form of speech] which is true, [but] not to be uttered, that which is halftrue, that which is [quite] untrue and which is not practised by the Jinas, the thoughtful monk should not use.
[3] [But] he should, after deliberation, use a speech not exposed to doubt, [a speech] which is neither true nor untrue and [a speech] which is true, provided that it is not to be blamed [and] rough' (SCHUBRING 1932: 101).
See Ayara 2.4.8-11 and cf. DVS 7.11, 7.2 for examples.
"Cf. HABERMAS' (1980: 419 ff.)/(1984-1987 I: 312 ff.) defence of his clear-cut distinction between claims to truth and claims to truthfulness.
10 Mookerjee, in TULSI (1985: 107): 'Truthfulness is the revelation of truth. (Gloss) Truth means the straight-forwardness [rjuta] in deed (physical movement), intention and word, and non-discrepant behaviour. The revelation (disclosure) of that truth is called truthfulness.' '(Note) Here "truth", as an ethical principle, is defined and explained. Umäsvāti