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and yoga in Hiaa or reciting the virtues of the 24 tirthankaras. Vandana or veneration of the holy teacher/s.
Pratikramaṇa- Recollecting the mistakes committed and seeking forgiveness.
Kayotsarga or relaxation i.e. developing a feeling of separateness of body and self.
Pratyakhy na or vowing not to make mistakes or practice Mokṣa Märga in future. Minor vows called aṇuvratas namely Non-violence, Non-stealing, Truthfulness, Celibacy and Non-Possessiveness with limitations. The concept of anuvratas is based on minimization of violence, stealing, lying, sex with own married wife only and acquiring possessions. Thus Jains talk of the paradigm 'prevention is better than cure' as the basis of their ethics.
Six external namely fasting, reducing normal diets, abstaining from specific foods, giving up delicious foods, lonely habitation and mortification of body; and six internal types namely: expiation, reverence, service, study, renunciation and meditation.
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