Sound Synthesis in Indo European Indo Iranian and Sanskrit

Author(s): Satya Swarup Mishra
Publisher: Ashutosh Prakashan Sansthan

Page 56

38 SOUND SYNTHESIS IN IE, ÍIR & SANSKRIT
55. In combinations of ntc(h)/!(h /t(h), a sibilant glide often intervenes, consequently changing n>m. Thus the above combinations result in ms-c(h), ms-t(h) & ms-t(h). But in fact the sibilant is quite historical in most cases; e.g. tān-t ca > tāms-ca ( IIr tāns-ca < IE tons-que, cp Gk (Cretan) tóns-te; tân t. tān > tāms-tān (<IIr tāns-tāns > IE tc11s-tons); mahānt-taruhinahams taruh (< *inahāns-taruḥ<IIr mažhānts-tarus).
But in several other forms the sibilant is not histo. cal but apalogical e.g. hasmin- cit> kasmimś-cit, rājan
+tatra >rājams-tatra. But RV shows the sibilant only in forms from original -ns, where as other Samhitās often extend it to cases, where there was no riginal -ns. In cl Skt it is extended to all forms with -n, whether it was originally -ns or -n. 56, 1+ j(h)/d(h)/d(h) donot sbow the sibilant glide, but change n to ñ before i(h), to n before t(h) and retain n before d(h).
This is so, because the historical sibilant becomes voiced before these voic d stops and consequently it is lost; e.g. tān +janān > lan-janan (IIr tānz-žanāns >IE tonzĝenons); tān-dasyūn (< IIr tānz-dasyūns) etc. 57. n{<IIr ns) +p>ập with nasalization of the preceding vowel, sometimes in vedic; e.g. nin+pahi >nih pāhi (vide RV VIII. 84.3). In this case n has become nasalization and s>h before p. 58. m > class nasal before stops in internal sandhi and class nasal or m (= anusvāra) before stops in external sandhi; e. g. Skt ran-tum<ram totum (Ilr also ran-tum vide above 33) <1E re n-tum. Skt tan-tam or tam-tam
<tam ---tam; Skt tan-lavim or tam-kavim<tam --- kavim. The alternative treatment of in as in in external sandhi is an innovation and may be a Prakitism.