Sound Synthesis in Indo European Indo Iranian and Sanskrit

Author(s): Satya Swarup Mishra
Publisher: Ashutosh Prakashan Sansthan

Page 66

SOUND SYNTHESIS IN IE, IIR & SANSKRIT
86. The rare vedic locatives in i, u are also not combined with a following vowel. Tut the meter seems to show that
i is to be read i here.
48
87. Nom sg i in prthivi, pṛthujrayī, samrājñi and the inst susami and ūti optionally show lack of sandhi in vedic. These simply retain the optional character of external sandhi.
88. The particle u is not combined with a following vowel in vedic; e.g. u(+)uttistha.
Other particles also which contain this particle u as the second element are not combined with a following vowel; e.g. atho uto, mo (aths/uta/mā +u) etc. also contain this u as the second element.
89. The vedic peculiar pronom inal forms tve (loc), asme, yuşme are not combined with a following vowel.
90. The pronominal forms sa & eșa, which are actually nom sg forms with nil ending be ide the alternative forms sah & eṣaḥ with -s ending, are not combined with a following vowel, e.g. sa eșa agacchati. These forms are not originally saḥ & eṣaḥ, but they are sa and eșa, they donot change to so and eșo before voiced consonants; e. g. sa gacchati, eșa dhavati. The forms with -h are restricted to final position in a sentence. In Gk ho< IE so (=Skt sa) is proclitic. Before. the vowel a however the sandhi treatment shows the forms saḥ & eṣaḥ; e.g. sahayam= so'yam, eṣaḥapi eşo'pi. This however is a late and new development. The Sanskrit grammarians have taken the basic forms as saḥ and eṣaḥh and they take sa and eșa as the product of sandhi with loss of visarga. But comparative evidence shows that IE had both types: IE so with nil ending (cp Gk ho and Skt s) and IE sos, with-s ending (cp Ht sas, Av ho and Sat sah). Sandhi of sa and eșa with a following vowel are not always disallowed in Vedic. In Classical Sanskrit also sometimes sa aud eșa are combined with a following vowel e.g. saiṣadāśarathī rāmaḥ.