Sound Synthesis in Indo European Indo Iranian and Sanskrit

Author(s): Satya Swarup Mishra
Publisher: Ashutosh Prakashan Sansthan

Page 55

OLD INDO-ARYAN CONSONANT SYNTHESIS 37
50. ān, in, ūn (with -1 <-ns) > ā, ir, ür sometimes before y, v, r & h in RV; e. g. annā rayivódhaḥ< annan + rayivód haḥ (RV VII. 91.3); panir hatam <panin t. hatarn (RV. I. 84.2); dásyūr yónau<dásyūn ---yónau (RV.I. 63.4).
It sould be remembred that a, ir etc. were originally restricted to a position with following vowels and these were not found before füllowing voiced consonants, since in these cases IIr z was lost leaving only n to survive. The above peculiar development in RV shows extension of the situation to a following consonantal secondary vowel y, v, r which often alternate with iy, uv & rr. But extension of the situation to a following h is altogether an innovation in RV. 51. ān (< *ant 3pl subjunctive) does not become ā, but remains än before vowels in vedic also, since originally there was no following *z( <s); e.g. āvahan āšu; gucchān uttar ā. 52. nts > m-s in internal sandhi in Skt; this is purely an OIA developinent; e.g, han+si>ham-si (<IIr jhan-si <IE g“hen-si, cp Ht gwesi < *gwensi).
53. n +1>1=nasalized I)+1; but this is normally repre. sented in the texts, with a nasalization of the preceding vowel & 1+1; e. g. tān+lokān > tal-lokān (written tal-lokān).
This is purely an innovation in Skt. 54. nts>n-s in external sandhi; in vedic Skt nts>nts often in external sandhi. This often shows a historically justifiable form and sometimes an analogical formation; e.g. ahan-t-sahasā> ahant-sahasā; the form is traceable to IIr ajhont-sažhasā and IE egWhent-seghesa; but forms like
tän-tsam>tānt-sam are analygical formations,