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Nagin 1, Shah c) What is it that qualifies him to be a spiritual teacher of even the
elderly persons ? The answer to this question is provided in the remaining part of the sutra, viz. 'kalenänavacchedat' which being in the fifth case-ending gives the reason for Tsvara's being the spiritual teacher of even the elderly persons,
Let us try to understand the idea suggested by the term "kalenänavaccheda on the basis of another sütraPatañjali states that for that person whose letas and karınas are destroyed on the attainment of Dharmamegha samadhi and as a result of this whose jñana has attained its infinity, gunas come to an end of the sequence of change.11 That is, gunas stop evolving citta, indriya, sarira, etc. for that person. The series of round of rebirth ends for him. For him the cycle of birth and death ceases.12 He rises above time. Now he is not limited by time. He becomes kālänavacchinna. Thus we equate kalenänavaccheda' with 'gunanam pariņāmakramasamaptih' (IV.32).13
Now what this sūtra means is this - 'As he [=Isvara] [having destroyed klesas and karmas) has risen above the cycle of birth and death, he is the spiritual teacher of even the elderly persons (who are caught up in the cycle).
The equation given above suggests that for Patañjali kala is nothing but parināmakrama. Hence one who is untouched by pariņāmakar ama is uitouched by kala or is not limited by kala.
Kalanaraccheda or pariņāmakrama-samāpti is the result of klesarāhitya or vitarăgatā. Klesarāhitya is nothing but supreme spirituality. So one who has attained supreme spirituality can be the spiritual teacher of even the elderly persons. It is this supreme spirituality suggested by kalanayaccheda or parināmakramasamapti that qualifies one to be the spiritual teacher of even the elderly persons. Only those who have crossed the ocean of samsāra can show others how to cross it. Only those who have stopped the cycle of birth and death can show others how to stop it.14
On our interpretation Isvara according to Patanjali is identical with the viveki who has attained Dharmainegha samadhi, ananta-jñana and the capacity to koow all and is free from the cycle of birth and death. A: we have already seen, this viveki, according to Patañjall, is free from klesas
11 tatah kptárthänăth pariņāmakramasamāptir gunānām | Ibid, 4.32 12 kulalasya [dharmameghasamadhisampannasya vivekinah) samsaracakrasa māpti
netarasya iti / Yogabhāsya, 4.33 13 'gunanam pariņāmakramasamāpti' is different from 'guninām pratiprasava' whic
takes place when the viveki's body falls. 14 Compare 'upadesyopadestitvättatsiddhih Sankhyasūtra 3.79; "Sastreņu vivekavişas
gurusisyabhavafravanad Jivanmukta-siddhir ity arthah' Sankhya pravacanabhāsya 3.7 'äptakalpas cāyam / yathā pitā apatyānāṁ tathā pitsbhuta Ikvaro bhutänam' Nyāya bhasya 4.1.21.
