Role Of Drstanta Indignagas Logic

Author(s): Shoryu Katsura
Publisher: Shoryu Katsura

Page 17

particle eva to equate the trairūpya formulae with the formulation of the two examples.
An objection arises: In that case an actual object like a pot cannot be regarded as a part of an example formulation because with reference to an actual object we see that a reason is followed by a property to be proved and vice versa.
Dignāga rejects that objection: Just as in the statement of a reason a particular property, such as "being a product', is not intended, similarly in the statement of an example a particular object, such as a pot, is not meant to be followed by a property to be proved, such as 'non-eternity'; thus, the objection is irrelevant. Further, he states that the main purpose of referring to a particular object like a pot is to indicate some positive support in the external reality.28
3.2. In PS IV.4 Dignāga points out what kind of undesirable consequences result if, as suggested by the above question, both similar and dissimilar examples are formulated in the same manner; namely, “Px > Qx” and “-Px -Qx" or "Qx) Px" and "-Qx -Px".
"In this connection, if [both similar and dissimilar examples are formulated] in the same way of concomitance, even if unmentioned as a property to be proved], 'eternity' (nityatā) would be proved (krta) by means of a property of 'not being a product' (akrtakatva), and a property of being a result (kāryatā, i.e., a product) by means of a property of ‘cessation' (nāśitva, i.e., non-eternity); and (that which does not pervade [the domain of a property to
be proved] would not be accepted [as a valid reason)."29 eva sakyam darśayitum na viparyayāt) The latter half is quoted in VNȚ 8. Cf. PSV [V] D60a7-61; Kitagawa (19 )
28 PSV[K] 148b4-6: 'on te de Itar na bum pa dper mi bya ste / de la ni ci ltar gtan tshigs bsgrub bya'i rjes su 'gro ba de bzhin du/bsgrub bya yang gtan tshigs kyi rjes su 'gro ba yin no zhe na /ma yin te byas pa'i khyad par gtan tshigs su brjod par 'dod pa ma yin pa bzhin du bum pa la bsgrub bya rjes su 'gor ba brjod pa ma yin pa'i phyir ro Il phyi rol gyi don la bstan pa ni dpe la gtso bo yin no // (evam tarhi ghato 'nudāharanm / tatra hi yathā hetoḥ sādhyæānuugamas tathā sādhyasyāpi hetvanugama iti cet / na, krtakatvavićeşo 'vivaksitahetur iva ghate sādhyānugamasyāvivaksitatvāt / bāhyārthapradarśanam hi nidarsye pradhānamCf. PSV[V] D60b1-3; Kitagawa (19 ).
29 nityatākrtakatvena, nāśitvād vā'tra kāryatā / syād anuktā krtāvyāpiny anistam ca samānvaye // Quoted in VNȚ: 8 with variant readings. =NMukh v.12: WELCOM #* #* 所作若爾應成非所說不遍非樂等合離,
Dignāga on Example - 17