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152 RELIGION AND PHILOSOPHY OF THE JAINAS
2 or all of the vedaniya 19 of the mohaniya 36 of the nāma
I gotra
5 or all of the antarāya It is not necessary to name the particular 36 nāma karmas, as they can be arrived at by anyone who wants to know them by a little trouble.
With reference to the state of karma just mentioned called upasama, anger should be suppressed, controlled or pressed down; controlled by the will just when it is felt to be rising. (I appreciate this as indicating the way to really not be angry or to really remove anger as distinguished from the merely pretending not to be angry - or any other vice than anger; it is much easier to pretend not to have the defect, whatever it is, and to persuade oneself that one does not want it and will try to remove it, than it is to really determine to supress or control the wrong state.) Parts of a tree are separate living beings
Incidentally the Jaina idea of the parts of a tree may be put in here, as I have them in my notes, and it was talked about at the time. The parts of a tree are : roots, leaves, seed. I think, if I mistake not, no I am sure, the idea is that these are separate living beings which in their joint activity or life make what is known as a tree; the tree is not only one living being, that is the idea. And those like the leaves, flowers and fruit which cannot live in circumstances of winter cold and snow die. And of course it also follows from this that ordinary flowers should not be picked. It is only a matter of degree of civilisation and development whether a person feels gentle and careful and thoughtful to this, to us, rather great extent. Protection to life in all forms is the behaviour natural to a highly developed soul, as I understand it. Samyaktva
Before proceeding with the next gunasthāna, the 4th, there must be something said of what is called 'samyaktva'; it cannot be translated by one English word.
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