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RELIGION AND PHILOSOPHY OF THE JAINAS
me, the body included, which is only by delusion called oneself (anyatva).
(6) The body is full of dirty things, and the soul is thus in contact with dirty things in embodied life (aśucitva).
(7) That it is the continual attraction (inflow) of new foreign matters due to delusion, want of self-control, carelessness, etc. which is the origination of our pains and miseries (āsrava).
(8) That this continual inflow should be stopped by adopting the necessary means, such as controlling the senses and the mind, acquiring knowledge, and practising concentration (samvara).
(9) That means should be taken to remove or work out those unnatural foreign characteristics (unkindness, weakness, ignorance, misery, etc.) which are in us, that the observance of the rules of conduct becomes the cause of the removal of foreign energies, only when it is actuated by right conviction (nirjarā).
(10) Thinking of the five real substances in the universe, that they are not created, but are permanent; and what they are. Also reflecting on the fundamental truths of the relation between soul and matter (loka).
(11) Thinking how difficult it is to get or acquire right knowledge, right convictions and right conduct, so that these may remain permanent (bodhidurlabhatva).
(12) That these three qualities - right knowledge, belief, and conduct are the source of happiness (dharmasvākhyātānucintanā). The following is a list of twenty-one qualities, a majority of which must, according to Jainism, be possessed before a person is ready to undertake the higher religious life :
(1) He must be earnest, powerful enough to do good to others and to himself, a careful observer, and one who puts mature consideration into actions. One who is superficial, cannot lead the higher religious life (aksudra).
(2) He must be of sound body; his hearing, sight, and other senses must be good, and he must be strong (rūpavān).
(3) Pleasing by nature; by his very appearance trusted; not sinful by habits that have become second nature; very easily served (prakṛti soma).
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