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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra
www.kobatirth.org
Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir
NOTES
207
But, upon the whole, one must take the river Godavari as the southern boundary of Khāravela's Kalinga, which appears to have extended along the Vindhya range as far as the western valley of the Godāvari. In the western direction, the only great royal power which King Kbāravela had to reckon with was that of King Sātakarqi, whose territories must have comprised a number of small states near about the western valley of the Godavari. In the Hathi-Gumphā inscription, in the record of King Kbāravela's second regnal year, we read that His Majesty, without taking King Sātakarņi into his thought (acitayitā Sātakaạim) caused a large army consisting of all the four divisions of Indian troops to move towards the Western quarter (pachima-disam......pathāpayati), and struck terror into Asakanagara, or it may be, into Asikanagara, with the army from Kalinga (Kalingágatāya senāya).
If Mr. Jayaswal's reading Kanhabernágatāya senāya vitāsitam Musikanagaram be accepted as correct, we have to say either (1) that King Khāravela succeeded in striking terror into Musika-nagara, the Mūsika. capital, with the aid of the army that advanced on the banks of the Kronavenā river, or (2) that he achieved this military feat with the army that advanced from the Kronavenā river, the expression Kañhabemnagatāya admitting of a twofold interpretation as suggested above. Taking the expression in the first sense, Mr. Jayaswal has sought to maintain that the presumed Musika-nagara was situated on the banks of the Kañhabenā or Kronavenā river.
Mr. Jayaswal's notes on the Mūşikas and the Krsmarenā, written in justification of his reading quoted above, are worth quoting in this connection. First, as to the Mūşikas, he has written: “They were a people of the south. The Mahābhārata (VI. 9. 58) mentions them in the company of the Vanavāsis. Their country could not have been far removed from Kalinga, for the Nātya-Sāstra (circa 100 B.C-100 A.C.) describes the Tosalas (the people of Tosali), the Kosalas (the people of Southern Kosala), and the Mosalas (the Mūşikas) as the Kalingas, implying that they comprised the Kalinga empire. This is a description naturally subsequent to the time of Khāravela. A more definite reference is in the Purāṇas (Wilson, Vişnu, IV, p. 221) where after a kingdom of some Vindhyan countries Stri-rājya and Müşika countries are mentioned as forming one princedom. According to the Käma-Sūtra Strī-räjya was a Vindhyan I country towards the West. The Mūşika country must have been between latitudes 20 and 22, between Paithana and Gondwana. As Kosala came
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