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A NOTE ON MAHĀBHĀSYA II 366.26 rāgas tad vyañjanam / anvartham khalv api nirva cana
m / vyajyate 'neneti vyañjanam iti //. " In the same manner vyañjana is [a noun derived] from [the root] añj [used in the meaning of the root añc], and vyañjana means that by which [something] is illuminated / made perceptible'. When the sense-organs, made dull by grease and (i.e. or) [something] sweet, are (again) fixed on themselves, [then] this is a source of delight (i.e. a condiment), this is vyañjana (i.e. this is vyañjana as having among others the meaning "condiment', 'spices'). And the etymology [of vyañjana] indeed also corresponds to [this its] meaning ; [for] condiment' is that by which [the flavour of food) is made manifest'". • It is hardly necessary to state explicitly that regarding the function of khalv api this passage yields exactly the same result as that examined first. Therefore it is not simply legitimate, but imperative to start from the assumption that the sentence anvartham khalv api nirvacanam in M. II 200. 25 forms in a similar manner a statement which is made only in order to corroborate what has been said in the passage preceding it. It is hence practically out of the question that M. II 200. 25-26 should be Patañjali's "third attempt to define substance".
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Yet, in order to be able finally to convince oneself of its merely corroborative function, the immediately preceding passage has to be taken notice of in detail (M. II 200. 23-25):
athavā yasya guṇāntareşv api prādurbhavatsu tattvam na vihanyate tad dravyam / kim punas tattvam / tadbhāvas tattvam / tadyathā / āmalakādinām phalānām raktādayaḥ pītādayaś ca gunāḥ prādurbhavanty āmalakam
badaram ity eva bhavati/. This " second attempt to define substance"-and, to be sure, it is at the same time also the last one-has been summarized by Matilal as follows: "Substance is the unchanging state of the objects. Qualities emerge and disappear in order to make room for new qualities. What stays permanent amid all changes is what is called substance. It is the tattva 'essence of an entity.
