Jaina Philosophers On Nature Of Liberation

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1 It should be noted that the field of Jaina cosmology has not been static, but has undergone various developments, much like the rest of the Jaina doctrine. See, for example: Balcerowicz (2011).
2 Only some parts of the middle realm are occupied by human beings. In some of those parts, liberation is always attainable, while in others it is attainable only during specific time-cycles. Generally speaking, the possibility of the attainment of liberation is related to the presence of the Jaina fordmakers (tirthankara), although Jainas pose further restrictions on the attainment of liberation by maintaining that even when the teaching of the fordmakers is present, some living beings that they refer to as 'those who are incapable of attaining liberation' (abhavya) will never be able to exit samsāra. See: Jaini (2000b).
3 See: Pujyapāda Devanandin (1997) for the Digambara recension and Umāsvāti (1926 and 1930; 1903, 1904 and 1905) for the Švetāmbara recension. Where the versions of TS preserved by the Digambara and the Śvetāmbara traditions vary, I will mark TS as TSC and TS vet. In this method, I follow an approach similar to that of Piotr Balcerowicz. See, for example: Balcerowicz (2008).
4 See: Umāsvāti (1926 and 1930; 1903, 1904 and 1905). The authorship of this text is still debated, with some proposing that Umāsvāti himself is the author. See: Ohira (1982, pp.24-53) and Zydenbos (1983, pp.9-13).
5 See: Umāsvāti (1926 and 1930).
6 See: Pūjyapāda Devanandin (1997).
7 See: Akalanka (2008 and 2013).
8 See: Tatia (2011) and Sanghavi (2000).
9 iha moksah prakrtah. SS 1.4 $19.
10 Umāsvāti dedicates the whole final chapter of TS to moksa.
11 kasmad dhetor moksah kim-laksanaś cety atrocyate. SS 10.2 $922. Unless otherwise indicated, all translations are my own.
12 krtsna-karma-kşayo mokşah / TS 10.3. See also: 'Mokşa is characterised by the separation from Skablikarraian dkttsna-karma-viyoga-laksano moksah. SS 1.4 $18) and 'Moksa is characterised by the
exhaustion of all karman' (krtsna-karma-kşaya-laksaņo mokso bhavati. TBh 10.3).