Jaina Culture

Author(s): Mohanlal Mehta
Publisher: P V Research Institute Varanasi

Page 86

KARMA AND LIBERATION
duct and does not last for more than a fortnight (sañjvalana). Thus, the number of passions is four multiplied by four or sixteen. The quasi-passions are classified into nine varieties. They give rise to laughter (häsya), liking (rati), disliking (arati), sorrow (śoka), fear (bhaya), disgust (jugupsă ), sexual desire for woman (puruṣa-veda), sexual desire for man (stri-veda) and sexual desire for both (napuinsaka-veda). They are called quasi-passions, inasmuch as they co-exist with the passions and are inspired by them. The conduct-deluding karma, thus, has sixteen plus nine or twenty-five sub-types. Adding the three sub-types of the belief-deluding karma to this number, we have in all twenty-eight kinds of the deluding karma.
The age-determining karma confers on a being a certain quantum of life. It has four sub-types corresponding to the four states of existence. The first of them determines celestial age (deva:āyus). The second one determines human age (manuşja-āyus). The third one determines the age of plants and animals (tiryag-@yus). The last one determines the age of hellish beings (naraka-ayus).
Now, we turn to the description of the sub-types of the physique-making karma. It causes physical diversities and is chiefly responsible for the theory of reincarnation. The number of its sub-types is one hundred and three. They are mostly quoted in a fixed succession in four groups: collective types (pinda-parkrtis ), individual types (prat yeka prakytis), ten types of self-movable body etc. (trasa-dašaka) and ten types of immovable body etc (sthāvaradaśaka). The first group consists of seventy-five varieties, They are as follows: four states of existence-celestial, human, animal and plant and hellish; five classes of beings-beings with one sense, two senses, three senses, four senses and five senses; five bodies-gross (audārika), transformable (vaikriya), projectable (ahāraka), electric (taijasa) and karmić (kārmana); three parts--gross, transformable and projectable (since elec