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JAINA CULTURE
(7) Trade in lac (lakṣā-vāṇiiya).
(8) Trade in alcohol (rasa-vanijya).
(9) Trade in human beings and animals (keşa-vānijya). (10) Trade in poisonous articles (viṣa-vanijya).
(11) Work involving milling (yantra-piḍana). (12) Work involving mutilation (nirlañchana).
(13) Livelihood from setting fire to a forest and the like (davagni-dana).
(14) Livelihood from drawing off the water from lakes etc. (sarah-soşana).
(15) Livelihood from rearing anti-social elements (asatipoşana).
Jainism admits only a limited number of ways of earning one's living. It forbids a profession that involves the destruction of living beings. The pursuit of a profession in a pure way is permitted.
Purposeless Sin :
The anarthadanda-viramana
(abstinence from purposeless sin) vow prohibits harmful activities that serve no useful purpose. Such activities are of four kinds: (1) evil thought, (2) negligent action, (3) giving of hurtful things and (4) preaching of sin. Wishing how others may suffer from defeat, punishment, bondage, mutilation, confiscation of all possessions and so on, is evil thought (apadhyana). Negligent action (pramădăcarita) consists in cutting trees, digging the earth, sprinkling water and so on, without any purpose. Furnishing means of destruction such as poison, thorns, weapons, fire, rope, whip, stick and the like, is the third kind, viz., giving of hurtful things (himsa-pradāna). Using words that incite others to cause suffering and injury to living beings is the fourth kind, viz., preaching of sin (papopadeśa).
Inward Balance:
The four sikṣavratas include the vows of samayika, deśavakaśika, posadhopavasa and atithi-saṁvibhaga. The samayika (state of
