________________
CONDUCT
115
an inward balance ) is an exercise in the attainment of equanimity or tranquillity of mind. It is the cessation of all sinful activity and the concentration on harmless activity. It may be performed in one's own house or in any place suitable for the purpose. The individual intending to perform it must not be in fear of anyone or in dispute with anyone. There should be no other cause for anxiety to sway his mind in any direction. He must, like an ascetic, observe all carefulness and control. The sámāyika should be performed as often as possible. It should last for a minimum of one muhūrta (48 minutes). Its requisites include propriety of time, place, posture and mood and purity of mind, speech and body. Limited Field of Activity :
The deśavakāśika ( limitation of dwelling-and-occupation area ) vow is closely related to the diśā-parimāņa vow. The former is a reduced version of the latter. The deśāvakašika vow limits the field of activity still further than in the case of the diša-parimāņa vow. Moreover, the diśā-parimāna vow is taken for one's lifetime, whereas the deśavakaśika vow is. taken for shorter periods. The special dimensions of the deśāvakāśika vow include a room of a house, a whole house, a village or a township. Its duration generally covers the period from dusk to dawn. Other time-limits suggested are a night, a day, five days, a fortnight and so on, or even shorter periods such as a prahara (3 hours) or a muhurta (48 minutes). Fasting Combined with Self-observation :
The poșadhopavasa (fasting combined with self-observation) vow enjoins the lay-votary to observe fast and concentrate on pure thoughts on different holy days. It forbids bodily adornment including garlands, perfumes and ornaments. Sexual intercourse and worldly duties are also prohibited in this vow. Thus, it has four spheres of application : (1) food, (2) bodily care, (3) sexual intercourse and (4) worldly occu
