Jain Journal 2012 07

Author(s): Satyaranjan Banerjee
Publisher: Jain Bhawan Publication

Page 12

Sagarmal Jain: The Historical Development of Jaina-Joga-System
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of prāṇāyāmas."
5. Pratyāhāra: The fifth limb of patanjali's Yogasūtra is pratyāhāra, Pratyāhāra means to have the control over one's sense organs. This limb has been widely discussed in Jaina canon in the name of Pratisamlīnatā as a sixth kind of external austerity. In various Jaina agamas this fifth limb of yoga has been described in the name of Indriya-samyama. The thirtieth chapter of Uttaradhyayanasūtra discusses it in detail, regarding this limb we can have many references in various Jaina canonical works.
6. Dharaṇā: The sixth, seventh and eighth limbs of Patanjali's Yoga system are respectively Dhāraṇā, Dhyāna and Samādhi. Though in the works of Jaina logic, the fourth kind of matijnana is known as dhāraṇā. But the concept of dhāraṇā or retention in Jaina logic is some how different form Patanjali's yoga systems. In Patanjali's yoga system dhāraṇā means the concentration of mind. While in Jainism dhāraṇā means retention of the experience. The patanjali's concept of dhāraṇā is some how similar to the Jaina concept of dhyāna.
7. Dhyana: In Jaina tradition dhyāna, generally means the concentration of mind on some object or mental image. According to them our thought and its instrument, the mind is restless. The regulation and concerntration of these is called dhyana. though Jainism accepts four kinds of dhyāna i.e. (1) Ārta-dhyāna concertration of mind on fulfilment of wordly desires, (2) Raudra-dhyana-concerntration of thoughts on violent activities, (3) Dharma-dhyana-concerntration of mind on auspicious thoughts or for the well being of one's own self as of others. (4) sukla-dhyāna-in sukla-dhyāna mind gradually shortens its field of concentration and at last becomes steady and motionless or nirvikalpa13.
8. Samadhi: According to patanjali samadhi is the motionless state of mind, body and speech in otherwords it is the state of trance in which the connection of self with the outer world is broken.