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JAIN JOURNAL: Vol-XXXIII, No. 1 July 1998 it is also an authouritative work for understanding Dvādaśāranayacakra. Siddhasena Diväkara was a great logician who flourished before Bhaṭṭa Akalanka in 5th century A.D. and wrote an independent work on Jaina logic known as Nyāyāvatāra. It is a systematic work comprising 32 kārikās (Stanzas) presents a brief description of Jain pramāṇa-śāstra. S.C. Vidyabhusana mentioned Siddhasena Divākara as a father of Jaina Logic and recognised his Nyāyāvatāra as the first work of Jaina Logic (A History of Indian Logic p. 173). Hence it is an important work for Jaina Logic. Siddharṣigani, a philosopher of the 9th century A.D., wrote a comprehensive commentary on it. M.A. Dhaky is of the view that Siddharṣigani, the commentator of Nyāyāvatāra, was himself the writer of Nyāyāvatāra (Nirgranth, Ahmedabad, Vol. I), but his opinion does not seem acceptable, because if Siddharṣigani (9th century) would have written it, then he must have mentioned smriti, pratyabhijñānaand tarka as pramāņa, because before the advent of Siddharsigani, Bhaṭṭa Akalanka emphatically established them as pramāņa. Šāntisūri of Pūrṇatalagacchiya wrote a vārttika and commentary on Nyāyāvatāra, which is also an important work for the study of development of Jaina logic. Santisūri defined the perception as clarity of knowledge and propounded three types of it i.e. indriya pratyakṣa (sensuous perception), aninindriya pratyakṣa (quasisensuous perception) and yogaja pratyakṣa. (Nyāyāvatāra vārttika, 17). He defined vaisadya or vividity of knowledge as the apprehension of its content as this (Nyāyāvatāra-vārttika, 17) definition has been followed by Hemacandra in his Pramāṇa-mīmāṁsā, (Pramāņamīmāmsā 1.1.14)
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Sanmatitarka-prakarana is also an important treatise consisting of three chapters namely-Naya-mimāmsā, Jñānamimāṇsā and Jñeya-mimāmsā. Siddhasena was a great philosopher who also contributed to the establishment of the theory of non-absolutism.
Like Siddhasena Divākara, Samantabhadra's main contribution was to establish Anekäntavāda or non-absolutism, but occasionally he discussed some concepts of pramāṇa-śāstra also. His Yuktyanusāsana, Aptamimāmsä and Svayambhustotra are the main
works.
Sumati, Pätrasvāmi, Sridatta and Kumaranandin were such prominent philosophers of the 7th and 8th centuries A.D. whose works are mentioned by Buddhist and Jaina logicians, but the works have not yet been found. Sumati and Pātrasvāmi were such renowned philosophers whose names are referred by the Buddhist logician Sāntarakṣita (8th century) in his work Tattvasamgraha. Pätrasvāmi's Trilakṣaṇakadartham was a famous treatise in which the hetulakṣana
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