Jain Biology

Author(s): Jethalal S Zaveri, Mahendramuni
Publisher: Jain Vishva Bharati

Page 44

Different organisms have different modes of nourishment:
(a) Holophytic nutrition - found in plants having chlorophyll. In this process the organic material is synthesized out of inorganic raw substances like Co, and water in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll. This type of nutrition is also seen to some extent in lower animals, like Eugena.
(b) Holosoic nutrition — takes place in animals in which complex organic food is ingested and sent to digestive system for digestion.
(c) Saprosoic nutrition -- is one in which the organisms depend upon decaying organic substances which are usually absorbed through their body surface.
(d) Saprophytic nutrition — occurs in lower plants without chlorophyll e.g. yeast, bacteria, mucor etc. They absorb the decaying organic food material from their sorroundings.
(e) Parasitic nutrition - in which the organisms (either plants or animals) depend upon the prepared food of other organisms (called hosts) for their nourishment (e.g. tapeworm in animals and cuscuta in plants are parasites.)
In hydra (a fresh water multi cellular polyp), digestion occurs within a gastro-vascular cavity-coelenteron. Digestion is both extracellular and intracellular.
In humans, digestion occurs in the mouth, stomach and small intestine where a variety of digestive juices containing enzymes act on the nutrients.
In birds, special organs called the crop and the gizzard are involved in digestion.
In ruminants (cow, sheep), the stomach is four chambered viz., rumen, reticulum, psalterium, and abomasum.
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