Jain Biology

Author(s): Jethalal S Zaveri, Mahendramuni
Publisher: Jain Vishva Bharati

Page 84

ii. Biungular
iii. Mutiungular
as elephants
iv. Animals having toes with nails
Reptiles are divided into two kinds:
with cleft hoof
i. Those which walk on their arms
ii. Those which crawl on their breast
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as cattle
JAIN BIOLOGY
as lions
as lizards
Both are again of many kinds.'
(C) Birds and winged animals are divided into four kinds on the basis of the construction of their wings:
i. Those with membranous wings -
ii. Those with feathered wings as common birds
iii. Those with wings in the shape of a box.
iv. Those with wings which remain outspread
(III) Human beings: They are of two kinds:
(a) humans originating by generatio acquivoca (sammurchima)
(b) human born from the wombs of their mothers
Those who are born from the womb of their mothers are of three kinds on the basis of their habitat:
as snakes
as bats
i. Those living in the karmabhumi
ii. Those living in the akarmabhumi iii. Those living in interjacent islands
They have in the same order, fifteen, thirty and fifty-six subdivisions. Men originating by generatio acquivoca are also of as many kinds, Human beings live but only in a very small part of the cosmos.
1. In the sutra there are enormus amount of sub-classification and many examples are given in the sutras 104-112 of chapter-1 of the Jīvājīvābhigama Sūtra.
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