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The reptiles are of two kinds:
i. Those which are limbless and walk on their breasts, as snakes, pythons, āsālika and mahoraga.
ii. Those which have short limbs and walk on their arms as all varieties of lizards such as iguanas, ichneumons, chameleons, geckos, etc. all varities of rodents such as rats, mice, porcupines, etc. frogs, khoras, mongooses, and many others.
(These names are not to be found in Uttarādhyayana but they are given in Prajñāpanā).
In the case of reptiles, some are brought forth as eggs while some are born as fully developed young ones. (3) BIRDS AND FLYING ANIMALS : The birds and flyng animals (khecara), are dealt with in para.81. On the basis of the types of their wings they are divided into four kinds:
i. Those with membranous wings as bats
ii. Those with feathered wings as common birds
iii. Those with wings which never open
iv. Those with wings which never close
This sub-division of the flying animals is again identical to that given in Uttarādhyayana. Samudaga, the third type mentioned above are said to live outside the human habitat. The passage, "as long as they are young, they are hatched by their mothers' warmth” is special to these organisms.
After the completion of the treatment of vertebrate sub-human animals with five sense-organs, as above, we would have expected that organisms with four, three and two sense-organs would be dealth with. Instead, we find the following three paras dealing with parasities and
1. Birds of the family Spheniscidae-penguins and several genera of sea-birds of southern henisphere, have their wings reduced to scaly flippers' with which they cannot fly but can swim under water.
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JAIN BIOLOGY
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