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Semi-hardwood are usually taken from growing terminal shoots. Hardwood cuttings are made from past season's growth or wood that has become mature.
2) Root cutting : Root cutting, being very easy and supple, is customary in many plants like apple pear cherry etc. Adventitious roots are regenerated and the adventive shoots develop at the proximal end of the root.
3) Leaf cutting : Certain plants with thick and fleshy leaves can reproduce themselves from leaf cuttings. Many ornamental plants are propagated by leaf cutting regardless of whether a root develops from a stem, a leaf or from another root, it develops inside the parent structures. Cells of the parent tissues produce the root promordium, which later on develop into a root. In general, the thin-walled active and living cellsparehchymatus cells—have the most potentiality to give rise to adventitious roots.
PROPAGATION BY LAYERING (LAVERAGE)
Layering is one of the oldest techniques to propagate woody plants. Unlike in stem cuttings, in layering, a stem is induced to root when it is still attached to and sustained by the parent plant so that the parent plant supplies the new individual with water and food particularly carbohydrates, proteins and with hormones until it makes its own food and hormones. Layering does not require close attention regarding the control of watering, humidity, and temperature of propagating frames that the cuttings often require. When the root formation is complete, the layers are severed from the parent and are treated essentially in the same way as the root cuttings,
PROPAGATION BY GRAFTING
Grafting can be defined as the art of joining parts of plants together so that they will readily unite and continue to grow as one plant. Certain plants can be grafted with ease, others with difficulty.
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
JAIN BIOLOGY
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