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transformations in the ultimate particles in a piece of cloth being made now or will be made sometime in the future at some distant place are governed by the unknown related to the user.
This is a belief that does not stand a rational examination. That the unknown related to the weaver governs the process of making cloth is acceptable to some extant but the unknown related to the consumer governs the process of making is beyond rational thinking. Moreover, in nature there are infinite activities starting and ending every moment, which are of no use to anyone; such transformations continue simply on the basis of the existing material components.
ĪŚVARAVĀDA (THEISM)
God is the creator, sustainer, and destroyer of this world. Even a leaf does not move without his wish. God rewards a being according to its deeds. He sends sinners to hell and the religious to heaven. He provides place in His abode to those who are profoundly devoted to Him.
If God gives fruits according to deeds than He is not all powerful because he can award neither hell nor heaven of his own free will. He is dependent on deeds of an individual. He performs the same duty that the Unknown of Vaiseșika philosophy or the Time of the doctrine of time does. The variation is in name only. He can neither favour the noble nor crush the ignoble because his favour or disfavour is governed by deeds. Then where is the need of such feeble God? The evertransforming nature of substances and the cause and effect system naturally take care of that.
All these doctrines have accepted karma (deed or action) of beings the basis of the fruits they get. But what is karma? In absence of a clear understanding of this they had to accept time, unknown, God, and other such conceptual entities as the unwitting governor of fruits of karma. Therefore, it is necessary to know what is karma? What is the relation of karma with soul? How this relation is manifested? How karmas bear fruits? When right answers to all these questions are known, God or unknown or other such factors are no more required.
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