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Space has two categories. The area, which is occupied by the other five entities, is called lokākāśa or occupied space. The area, which is not occupied by any other entity, is called alokākāśa or unoccupied space. Occupied space has innumerable space points and the unoccupied space has infinite times infinite space points. The inherent nature of space is to allow occupation to all entities. Therefore, all entities occupy and remain in space without any restrictions. One soul lives in one space-point, countable souls live in one space point, and innumerable souls live in one space point; also a single soul can occupy the whole occupied space. In the state of samudghāta (bursting forth or expanding) the infinite space points of one soul envelop whole occupied space.
In the same way, one, countable, uncountable, and infinite paramāņus can occupy one space point. Just as a room can be filled with light from one lamp as well as many lamps.
Kāla dravya - From the niścaya (noumenal) naya the transformations in substances evident as creation, destruction and permanence and the quality of constancy (agurulaghutva) evident in continuous increase and decrease in the six attributes are caused by the time entity (Kāla dravya). From the vyavahāra naya (phenomenal or conventional view point) the transformation evident as new and old form, the recognition of age as younger and older, the time scales of day, night, hour, minute, etc. are all caused by the time entity. The smallest measure of time is called samaya. The fractions of time or kālāņus pervade the whole occupied space.
A few years back modern science did not accept space and time as separate entities, but now they do so.
SCIENCE AND JAINISM
We live in a progressive age. Science is helping that progress in every field. Therefore, this age is also called the scientific age. It has become our habit to look at everything scientifically. We tend to reject whatever appears to be unscientific. We want to see science even in the field of religion as well. If the religious principles are in discord with modern scientific beliefs we tend to ignore them by branding them as
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