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Other invisible energy forms included are gases' like hydrogen and oxygen as well as sound.
5. Sūkśma (minute) Karmic particles. Our thoughts influence these and they in turn influence soul and matter.
6. Ati sūkśma (very minute) This category includes still smaller particles like electron, proton, positron, etc.
In this classification matter and energy both are included. Energy also has properties of touch, taste, smell, and colour; thus energy is also a physical entity. Till recently scientists did not accept energy to be a physical entity. But with the invention of the theory of relativity and theory of atomic structure it was proved that electron which is the universal and essential component of matter is an electronic particle. Now it is universally accepted that matter and energy are same.
Light In Jain metaphysics sound, bond, minuteness, largeness, structure (shape), variation, darkness, shadow, heat, radiance are considered to be mutations of matter. It has divided optical energy into two categories ātapa (heat) and udyota (radiance). Atapa includes sunlight, light of fire and electricity and udyota includes moonlight, glow of glow-worm, radiance of gems.
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In fact, light is a type of energy. A source of light radiates energy and a part of that energy that affects eyes is called light. As it is energy it can be measured in units.
Akalanka Deva certainly knew about the theory of light. He has stated - "Caused by a specific mutation of the prasanna entity a thing facing east causes a shadow (image) facing west." This indicates that he had knowledge of longitudinal and transverse motion of light.
Chāyā (shadow or image) The Jain philosophers have considered shadow as material. According to Ācārya Pūjyapāda shadow is caused due to veiling of light. Shadow is of two kinds - 1. Distorted (in colour and other properties) and 2. Simple image. According to science, image produced by using lenses and mirrors is of two types 1. real and 2. virtual. The distorted image according to Jains is akin to the real image according to science, which gets inverted and varies in size. This image
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