Indian Antiquary Vol 60

Author(s): Richard Carnac Temple, Charles E A W Oldham, S Krishnaswami Aiyangar, Devadatta Ramkrishna Bhandarka
Publisher: Swati Publications

Page 330

$$ 11.121
ON THE MODERN INDO-ARYAY VERNACULARS
APRIL, 1931
characteristic of the sturdy neosentry that uses it. In many respects it bears much the same relationshin to H. that the Lowland Seotch of the poet Burns bears to the southern English. One other point may be noted. So far as I am aware, P. is the only IAV. that possesses tones, corresponding to the accents of Vedic Sanskrit, or to the tones of the Tibeto-Chinese languages.
1 Such, for instance, as the plurals of the personal pronouns. * This word has nothing to do with the word Lahnda, which means 'West.'
See Grierson, The Modern Two Aromen 41phabets of North Western India, JRAS, 1904, 67. 1 See Grierson, JRAS. 1911, 302.
. These were first noted by T. Graham Bailey. See his Panjabt Grammar as spoken in the Wasirūbrid District, Lahore, 1904. For particulars aeo & 152 below. I believe that no one has hitherto noted that the Vedie watta corresponds to the Tibeto Chinese 'mid rising' tone, while the visarga corresponds to the abrupt glottal check, called by Chinese scholera 'the entering tone,' like it, also, being the result of the elision of a final consonant. Sen Grierson. JRAS, 1920, 475 f.
11. Directly south of Panjabi lies Rajasthani (R.). Just as Panjabi represents the ex pansion of Hindi to the north-west, so Rajasthāni represents its expansion to the south-west. In the course of this expansion, Hindi, passing through the area of Rājasthāni, reaches the sea in Gujarāt, where it has become Gujarāti (G.), another of the Intermediate languages. Rājasthāni and Gujarāti are hence very closely connected, and are in fact little more than variant dialects of one and the same language.1 We shall thereforo consider them together. Rajasthāni has many traditional dialects, which fall into four well-marked groups, -a northern, or Mewati (Mwt.); a south-eastern, or Malvi (Mlv.); a western, or Māruāri (Mw.) ; and an east-central, or Jaipuri (J.). Each of these has numerous sub-dialects. Marwāsi is typical of Western Rajasthāni and Jaipuri of Eastern Rajasthāni. Mēwāti ranges with Jaipuri, and represents Jaipuri shading off into Hindi, while Malvi represents Gujarati and Rajasthani also shading off into Hindi. Mārwāri and Jaipuri are sharply distinguished by two important characteristics. In Jaipuri the postposition of the genitive is kó, and the verb substantive is derived from the old Vach-, while in Mārwäri the genitive termination is ro, and the verb substantive is hai, is.' Gujarati has no definite dialects, but northern Gujaräti differs in many important points from that of the South.
The differentiation of G. from the Mārwă dialect of R. is quite modern. There is a poem by Padmanabha of Jhalor, a town only 80 miles from Jodhpur, the capital of Marwår, entitled the Kanhada. deva-prabandha. It was written in 1455-6 A.D. At the beginning of the year 1912 there was a lively controversy in Gujarat as to whether it was in Gujarătf or Mrwäst. Really it is in neither, but is in the mother language which in later years differentiated into these two forms of speech. Cf. Tessitori, JRAS, 1913, p. 553, and his Notes on the Grammar of Old Western Rajasthant, with special reference to A pabhraida and to Gujarāti and Mårdrl, in TA., XLITI-V (1914-16), reprinted in one volume, Bombay, 1916.
12. There are many traditions of migration from the Midland into Rajpūtānā and Gujarati, the first mentioned being the foundation of DvĀraka in Gujarat, at the time of the war of the Mnhābhārata. According to Jain tradition, the first Caulukya ruler of Gujarat came from Kanauj, 1 and in the beginning of the ninth century A.D. a Gurjara-Rajpūt of Bhil. māl in western Rājputānā conquered that city. The Rathanrs of Mārwās say that they came thither from Kanauj in the twelfth century. The Kachwāhās of Jaipur claim to come from Ayodhyā," while another tradition makes the Caulukyas come from the eastern Pan. ab. The close political connexion between Gujarăt and Rājpūtānā is shown by the historical fact that the Gahlots of Mēwās came from Saurāstra. That many Rājput clans are descended from Gurjara immigrants is now admitted by most scholars, and also that one of their centres of dispersion in Rājpūtănā was in, or near, Mt. Abû.8 They appear to have entered India with the Hūņas and other marauding tribes about the sixth century A.D., and rapidly rose to great power. They were in the main a pastoral people, but had their chiefs and fighting men. When the tribe became of consequence the latter were treated by the Brāhmans as equivalent to Ksatriyas and became called Rājaputras or Rājpūts, and some
12