Indian Antiquary Vol 60

Author(s): Richard Carnac Temple, Charles E A W Oldham, S Krishnaswami Aiyangar, Devadatta Ramkrishna Bhandarka
Publisher: Swati Publications

Page 370

$f 102-105 )
ON THE MODERN INDO-ARYAN VERNACULARS
DECEMBER, 1931
resultant forms, while other related languages, not descended from that common stock, but from some other stock related to it but not containing the same seeds of tendency, will develop on different lines. For these reasons I maintain that while Hindi, the Inner IAV., has developed from one Indo-Aryan stock, the North-Western, Southern, and Eastern IAVs. are all descended from another stock, different from that which was the original of Hindi, and have inherited common tendencies different from those inherited by Hindi.
CHAPTER III.
Alphabets and Pronunciation. 102. A large number of secondary vowels have developed from various causes in IAV. and Drd. The following is a nearly complete list of the sounds in use
Vowels
*, a, a, a, å, ä, e.
", u, u, *, , , e, e, e, ai, ai,
9, 0, 0, 0, ö, au, au. 103. The sound of anusvåra does not occur, except in Tss., but, in writing, the sign for anusvåra is frequently used as an expeditious substitute for a nasal before a consonant of its own class (cf. He, i, 25). Thus H. ark is written for Anusvāra is also generally used in printing for, and is often confused in writing with, anunāsika. Thus H. tas,
Te is often improperly written vie. In Tss., before sibilants, semi-vowels and h. anusvāra is pronounced like a strong anunåsika, but in EIAV, it has the sound of i. Thus, Bg. IT pr. böndo. In H., before a sibilant, it is pronounoed as n. Thus bans.
Anunāsika is very common. In transliteration it is represented by placed over the nasalized letter. Thus, H. de bds.
In writing, Anunāsika is often represented by two dots, like a double anusvāra, instead of by . Thus, te, e, or vie. 104. Consonants :
k, kh, X, 9, 7, gh, y, k, nih, e, ch, j, j, jh, ñ, fih, ts, tsh, 2, dz, 1, th, d, d, 1,'h, th, n, nh, c, j, I, th, 9, d, dh, d, n, nh, p, ph, f, b, b, bh, m, mh, y, r, th, 1, lh, ?, ?h, v(w), vh(wh),
8, 9, 8, 2, 8, 8, n. 105. Pronunciation of the Vowels.
a is the shortest possible sound of a. It will be further discussed at the end of this sec. tion. The letter a is generally pronounced as in Sanskrit,-- like the a in America,'-but in Bengali, Assamese, and Oriyā it has more nearly the sound of the o in hot,' and the same sound reappears in the Konkani dialect of Marăthi and in Central and Western Pahari. In North-Eastern Bihări, i.e., in Maithili, it has a sound something between these two. A final a is seldom pronounced, except in Eastern Pahāri, Oriya, Sindhi, and Kāšmiri, in which the reverse is the case. In Bengali adjeotives and verbs a final a is sometimes exceptionally pronounced as 7 or å, and the same occurs in the case of Tatsama substantives, when spoken ore rotundo. Thus, to pronounced mõló, or nõlå, but more usually nöl. The letter å is pronounced as in Sanskrit, like the a in 'father, and = is the same sound shortened, something like the a of the German Mann.' It is most commonly heard in Bengali, Bihārī,
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