Indian Antiquary Vol 60

Author(s): Richard Carnac Temple, Charles E A W Oldham, S Krishnaswami Aiyangar, Devadatta Ramkrishna Bhandarka
Publisher: Swati Publications

Page 358

1 68 )
ON THE MODERN INDO-ARYAN VERNACULARS
[SUPTEMBER, 1991
times, there are numerous instances of borrowing from the Secondary Prakrits. On the other hand, the Secondary and Tertiary Prakrits have freely borrowed words from Skr., although the Secondary Prakrit grammarians hardly mention the fact. We have, however, the express admission of Hc. (iv, 448), and we must also conclude from analogy, that, as at the present day, the more highly-educated Prakrit-speaking population freely interlarded their conversation with Sanskrit words. These words, once borrowed, suffered a fate similar to that of the ancient Primary Prakrit words that came down to the Secondary Prakrits by direot descent. They became distorted in the mouths of the speakers, and finally became Prakrit in form, though not by right of origin.
1 See Bhn., 21, for the change from the verbal to the nominal style of Skr. Ct. Wk., div. For dialectio variations, Wk., li.
• Wk., xlii. 3 Wk., lii.
* Some later Pr. writers, 0.g., Rajasllchars, borrowed Skr. worde very freely. Of. Indox to Konow's edition of the Karpuramanjari.
$ It stands to reason that tho modern distortion of a Skr. word may often have a result different from that of the gradual development of a Primary Pr. word. This accounts for many of the so-called irregular Pr. words noted by the grammarians. To quote an example, Ho., ii, 104, gives a number of irregular forma
int (for frt), hirt (hrt), kiriä (kriyd), which are really distorted Tatsamaa, not Secondary Pr. The true recondary form of briya is lid (104). So also in the following rütros.
68. Such borrowed words as retained their Sanskrit form were called Tateama (Ts.), or " the same as "That' (i.o., Sanskrit)", while the original Prakrit words, which had come by direct descent from Primary Prakrit, were called Tadbhava (Tbh.), or "having That' (i.e., Sanskrit, or, more correctly, the Primary Prakrit, from one of the dialects of which Classioal Sanskrit was descended) for its origin." Under the latter name the grammarians.also included those Tatsamas which had been distorted in the mouths of the Prakrit-speaking population into apparently Prakrit forms. These I prefer to call Semi-Tataama (Ts.). It is evident that, in the course of events, the tendency must have been for all Tss. to become sTse., and for the latter ultimately to become so degraded as to be indistinguishable from Tbhs. Another class of vocables was the so-called Dedya (Ds.) words of the Indian grammarians. It included all words that they were unable to refer to Sanskrit as their origin. Some such words were inoluded in this group simply through the ignorance of the writers who catalogued them, and modern scholars can refer several of them to Sanskrit like any other Tbh. A few others are words borrowed from Dravidian or Mundā languages, but the great majority are words derived from dialects of Primary Prakrit that were not the dialect from which Classioal Sanskrit was descended. They are thus true Tadbhavas, although not in the sense glven to that word by Indian grammarians, in whose philosophy the existence of such ancient dialects found no place. These Ds. words were local dialectio forms, and, as might be expected, are found most commonly in literary works whose places of origin were in countries like Gujarat, far away from the Midland, the natural home of Classioal Skr.. For our purposes we may consider them as identical with Tbhs.
1 Regarding the subjoot dieoused in this paragraph, so Pr. Gr., 48.
* For Twin Pr., of. Bhin., 16, and Wk., liv. For the origin of T..of. Bhin., 298. Bhn., 60, give a looount of the so-called Gathi-dialoot, which is germane to the present subject.
Pr. Gr., 9, Bhn., 107, 131.
Sr. Pr. which developed in the Midland is naturally that Pr. which is most free from Dt. worden 04. Pr. Gr., 22,
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