________________
484
EPIGRAPHIA INDICA.
to correct the following passages in Dr. Bühler's transcript (on pages 5-7 of volume I) :
1. 1, Read aggiţthoma. The irregular combination ith (for th) is a mistake of the engraver which has crept in on account of the similarity of the signs for th and th.
1. 3, Separate pisaye savattha, i.e. vishaye sarvatra everywhere in our (amham) country.'
1. 4, Read mádabika and restore it to mádambika. This word, which means 'chief of & madamba district' is often found in the older Jain literature ;' its base madamba occurs in the same texts and beside in some Niryuktis and Bhashyas.
1. 5, Read árakhadhikate, which stands for árakkhádhikate and is equivalent with árakkhiya 'guard' of the Jain literature; literally it means employed as a guard (draksha dhikrita). As to the sign khá, cf. lines 27 and 88.
1. 7, Read e instead of cha and of the sign for e in lines 27, 30, 34. The word ettha (atra 'here') opens of course a new phrase, and we need not follow Dr. Bühler in inserting a second verb; vitaráma is indeed the verb wanted and closes well the preceding phrase. The first verb (ánaveti), however, is certainly well supplied by Dr. Bühler; only we think its place is not before amham (in l. 3), but after ppayutte (in 1. 6). At any rate we are not to combine in irregular co-ordination the accusittives of lines 3-6 with the genitive samcharan-taka-bhada-manusána.
I would then translate the whole passage thus :. . . . . . ."Sivaskandavarman informs (ánaveti) in our country everywhere the royal princes, generals, -rulers of larger and smaller districts (ratthikas and madambikas), local prefects and others, the freeholders of various villages, valladas, govallavas, ministers, guards, captains' tathikas, neyikas and all others employed in our service : We grant an exemption from (any taxes that might be levied by or for) samcharantakas, soldiers or other persons.
1. 44, Read vasudhadhipataye (acc. pl. from opati).
1o.g. in the Aupapálika sdtra, Paryushandkalpa (Kalpasdtra'), eto.
The corrected reading drakhddhikate (in l. 6) makes it very probable that the word immediately following (gumiko) is also a military term.
In reply to Dr. Bühler's appended notes, I may remark that the persons favoured by the grant are undoubtedly "the Brahmans, who are the freeholders of the settlement (kodunka) called Chillareka." The gift is therefore a Brahmana parihara, i... an immunity granted to Brahmans. Honorific allowance, as Dr. Bühler proposes, does not change the sense, but is less appropriate, kodunka is apparently a contracted form of kodumbaka (Sans. kautumbaka): in the same way naiyyoka seems to me to stand for naiyogika, which would be a synonym of the term abhiyogika-'servant'-of the Jaina literature. The term kundra parihdra similarly denotes an immunity presented to a prince; the Jataka phrase adduced by Dr. Bübler means- " When, afterwards they noticed that he was a prince, they no longer gave him any work to do, but spared him, so to say, by princely immunity."
The inscription, of course, mentions, also, the persons who are to respect the grant, i.e. who are not allowed in any way to trouble the above-named Brabmans (by levying taxes, etc.). So the two cognate Pallava platex clearly state: Sarváyuktakd sarva-naiyyok dh rdjavallabhdh sancharantakas cha tat-sinash sarva-parikáraik pariharantu pariharayanta cha ayuttu savva-parihdreli pariharantu pariharayan (tu cha), "The persons of the king's service and party must spare and cause to spare the territory (described before) by all the eighteen) kinds of exemption. "In face of these parallel passages, the worde-sancharanta ka-bhadamanusána... pariharan vitarama, can only have the sense which I have given them, without pretending, bowever, that my translation reflects accurately the grammatical construction. Thin latter can only be made clear when the three syllables before parihdrarh are deciphered.
That sancharantakas are & nuisance to people, we learn, e. g. from the description of a model town given in the Nemicharita, 1. 14 (on Hemachandra's Bhavabhdvand, v. 5): in that town no sarheharandalas are allowed to stroll about (...vashcharantelis tirai na tattha bhamiuth,...). Another Prakrit word of the Pallava Inscription (which however necurs alio elsewhere) is bappa 'father :' this is found in Dafavaikálikasutra vii, 18,- See Zeitsch. d. Dent. Morgenl. Gesellach. vol. XLVI. pp. 628.
