Dravya Sangraha

Author(s): Nemichandramuni
Publisher: Chandraprabha Digambar Jain Mandir Trust

Page 12

The Sacred Book of the Jain
after refuting those of other systems. Examples of such refutation by Hindu philosophers may be found in Vedanta Sutra, Chapter I Padas I and II, and Sankhya Sutra, Chapter V. The refutation of the views of the Hindu systems of philosophy may, on the other hand, be found in numerous Jaina works such as Ratnakaravatarika; Syadavadamanjari, Prameyakamalamartanda, etc., etc.
In this verse also Jiva is recognised as against the Charvaka view, which recognises no proof but pratyaksa which is only derived through the senses. The Nyaya system recognises the difference between a quality and the possessor of a quality (yuyurka:) , but in this verse, by saying that jiva consists of the quality upayoga which is made up of Jnana and Darshana, that theory of Nyaya is upset. Similarly by saying that Jiva is the agent of all actions, the Sankhya theory that Purusha is indifferent (meta), is denied. The other characteristics also deny in this manner the views of Mimansa, Buddhistic and other systems of philosophy, These will be further isplained in notes to verses 4-14. But it should be remembered that the author does not directly proceed to refute the views of the other systems of philosphy, for that would be entirely impossible in a compendium like this. What the commentator, therefore, suggest, is that by laying down this definition of Jiva, the auther bas incidentally denied the opposite views of other systems of philosphy.
For a brief accout of the tenets of different systems of philosaphy, we refer the reader to Şarvadarsansangraba of Madhavacharya (Ed. by Cowell) in which the acount of Jaina philosophy, under the "Arhat Darshan," is worthy of notice as being written by a non-Jaina author who, though not very enthusiastic about Jainism, tried his best to be impartial.
The following verse from Panchastikayasamayasara by Kundkundacharya, is exactly similar to this verse of Dravya Samgraha:
जीवोत्ति हयदि चेदा उपयोगविसेसिदो पहू कत्ता ।
भोत्ता य देहमत्तो ग हि मुनो कम्मसंजुत्तो ।। . e., “Jiva is conscious, formless, characterised by upayoga, attached 0 karma, the lord the agent, the enjoyer (of the fruits of karma), the pervader of bodies (large or small.)"
The only characteristic of Jiva mentioned in Dravya-Samgraha but not found in the above verse, is that of having an upward motion;