Dravya Sangraha

Author(s): Nemichandramuni
Publisher: Chandraprabha Digambar Jain Mandir Trust

Page 26

The Sacred Book of the Jains
19
is the Bhava-karma, viz., that condition of the Atma which render it capabe of assimilating the particular Dravya-karma. Thus a Jíva is neither the Upádána nor the Nimitta cause of Dravya-karmas according to Nischaya Naya. It is only from the Vyavahára point of view that we say that the Jívas are causes of Dravya-karmas, But, in reality, (according to Nischaya Naya) Jíva is the only agent of its own attitudes (Bhávas). In Panchástikaya-samayasára, we have : "Atmá is the agent of its own Bhávas, as it causes its own resultants. But it is not the agent of Pudgala-karmas. This should be understood to be the precept of the Jina."
The universe is, therefore, made up of Jívas and Ajívas. Pudgala or matter is the substantial cause of every material thing, while different Bháva or thought karmas are the determining cause of these, Jívas cause these thought karmas to be produced. Thus two sorts of substance, material and spiritual, may be regarded to be the cause of all kinds of manifestations. There are many units of this spiritual substance possessed of qualities which are known as Jívas, and there are also many units of material substance (Pudgala) which again have their own characteristic qualities. These two kinds of substances act and re-act upon each other, and a constant state of activity is going on in this universe.
The Jaina doctrine of the causation of the world should therefore be remembered as quite distinct from the same of Hindu philosophies, like Vedanta, which assetrs that the whole of the universe is one homogeneous spiritual Brahma, or, like Charváka, which avers that the universe is made up of matter only.
The commentator, Brahmadeva says that this verse refutes the doctrine of the Sankhya philosophy that Purusa (corresponding to Jíva of the Jainas) is always Udásína. (lit. indifferent, i. e. without activity), for here it is recognised that Jíva is an agent.
ववहारा सुहदुक्खं पुग्गलकम्मफलं पभुजेदि । आदा णिच्चयरणयदो चेदभाव खु पादस्स ।।६।।
Vavahara suhadukkam Puggalakammaphalam pabhunjedi. Ada nichchayanayado chedanabhavam khu adassa.--(9)
Padapatha-141 Ada, Jiva, qan Vavhara, according to Vyavahara Naya. ycgatiSuhadukkham, happiness and misery.garmin Puggalakammaphalam, the fruit of Pudgala karma. y Pabhunjedi, enjoys. feu 91 Nichcha yanayado, according to to Nischaya Naya. Sa Adassa, of Jiva: UHS Chedanabhavam, conscious Bhava. E Khu; only.