Dravya Sangraha

Author(s): Nemichandramuni
Publisher: Chandraprabha Digambar Jain Mandir Trust

Page 66

The Secred Book of the Jains
59
and Guptis. Ya, and. TyiTet Dhammanupiha, Dharmas and Anupreksas.
Parisahajao, Parisahajaya. agid Vahubheyam, of many kinds. aft Charittam, Charitra. Hanifah Al Bhavasamvaravisesa, the varieties of Bhava-samvara. Nayavva, to be known.
35. The Vratas (Vows), Samitis (attitudes of carefulness), Guptis (Restraints), Dharmas (Observances), Anupreksas (Meditations), Parisaha-jayas (the victories over troubles) and various kinds of Charitra (Conduct are to be known as varieties of Bhava-samvara.
COMMENTARY
From this verse, we learn that Bhavasamvara is of seven varieties: Vrata, Samiti, Gupti, Dharma, Anupreksa, Parisa ha-jaya and Charita. Each of these, again, are divided into various subclasses.
A. Vrata or vows is of five Kinds, viz. Ahimsa (Abstinence from injury), Satya (Truthfulness), Achaurya or Asteya (Abstinence from stealing). Brahmacharya (Abstinence from sexual pleasures) and Aparigraha (Abstinence from acceptance of worldly objects). Umasvami has mentioned these five varieties of Vrata, and has defined each of them. In Prasna Vyakarana, Samvara is said to consist of five varieties only. The five rules of conduct (Pancha Silas) of the Buddhists correspond to the five Vratas of Jainism; and a parallel may also be found in the commandments, such as, “Thou shalt not kill," "Thou shalt not steal,” “Thou shalt not commit adultery,” etc. which are promulgated by Christianity.
B. Samiti or carefulness is of five kinds : (a) Irya, i. e. using paths trodden by men and beasts in such a manner as not to cause injury to any creature, (b) Bhasa i. e. gentle and beneficial talk, (c) Esana. i. e. recieving alms, avoding the faults reprehended in Jaina canons, (d) Adana-niksepa, i. e. receiving and keeping things which are necessary for religious purposes only, after examination, and (e) Utsarga, i.e. attending to calls of nature in unfrequented places.
C. Gupti or restraint is of three kinds: (a) Kaya-gupti or restraint of movements of the body, (b) Vag-gupti or restraint of the tongue so that it might not utter bad language and (c) Mano-gupti or restraint of mind from thinking about forbidden matter.
D. Dharma or observance is of ten kinds: the observance of (a) Uttam Kshamaor excellent forgiveness, (b) Uttama Mardava or excellent humility (c) Uttam Arjava or excellent straightforwardness, (d) Uttama Satya or excellent truth, (e) Uttama Saucha or excellent clearliness, (f) Uttama Samyama or excellent restraint, ( Uttama