Concept of Paryaya in Jain Philosophy

Author(s): S R Bhatt, Jitendra B Shah
Publisher: L D Indology Ahmedabad

Page 76

64 Concept of Paryaya in Jain Philosophy An object may have a particular mode of existence for certain duration of time e.g. a pot has got such one form for a certain period of time in addition to the molecular integration and disintegration taking place in the physical object (earth) every moment34. This paryaya of a pot is known to be vyanjanaparyaya (manifested mode) of pudgala. Similarly, the continuous change taking place in consciousness is arthaparyaya of jiva, while its existence as a particular organism as a man or a deva with a determinate age is the vyanjanaparyaya of jiva35. Vyanjanaparyaya, which is of two kinds, viz. svabhava (natural state) and vibhava (particular state), takes place in jiva and pudgala, whereas only arthaparyaya operates in all the other four dravyas viz. dharma, adharma, akasa and kala36. Vyanjanaparyaya occurs due to the cause of particular changing state and vibration of the worldly souls and matters. The activity of origination and destruction of these vyanjanaparyayas sometimes take place and sometimes do not. There is no rule that it should occur every moment; it may happen and may not happen at every momento. In addition to these two kinds of paryayas there are two other kinds of paryayas viz, jivaparyaya and ajivaparyaya38. With regards to substance and qualities, paryaya is of infinite kinds from various aspects. Interrelation of Dravya, Guna and Paryaya The Jainas believe that dravya is endowed with guna and paryaya. The inherent qualities in substance and their traikalika modes are infinite39 in number. A substance and its inherent qualities are permanent owing to its non-origination and non-destruction40. On the other hand, all modes because of their origination and destruction at every moment are individually non-permanent41. But they are also beginning-less and permanent or eternal from the point of view of series (pravaha) of infinites modes. The series of traikalika modes also i.e. modes of the past, present and future times, takes place due to one causative capacity (karanabhutasakti) inherent in a substance. The series of infinite modes caused by infinite capacity in a substance are moving together (i.e. taking place together). Modes of different class (vijatiya) caused by various capacities or qualities can be found in a substance at a time42. There take place in soul-substance and matter-substance various infinite modes like