________________ 94 Concept of Paryaya in Jain Philosophy Pancastikayasaral and later Umaswati in Tattvarathasutra correlate sat and dravya. Kundakunda2 says, "What flows, or maintains its identity through its several qualities and modes, and what is not different from existent (satta) or substance, that is called dravya". Later on he describes3 the concept in details as follows: Substance is one (as a class)4. It is the inherent essence of all things. It manifests itself through diverse forms. It undergoes infinite modifications. It has the triple characteristics of origination, destruction and permanence. It also has the antithetical qualities (i.e. can be described in each case by the opposite attribute) i.e. from the class view as well as from the individual view . This is in conformity with Anekanta doctrine. What flows, or maintains its identity through its several qualities and modes, and what is not different from existent (satta) or substance, that is called dravya. The three qualities of dravya are existence or sat, permanence through birth and death and substratum of attributes and modes/conditions. Later on he says that dravya is existent only where there is coherence of dravya, guna and paryaya. The three qualities of dravya are existence or sat, permanence through birth and death and substratum of attributes and modes/conditions. Akalanka? first describes substance as the base of attributes and later he also considers substance as the base of modes also (paryayaiduryante dravanti va tani eti dravyani). Jinabhadragani in Visesavasyakabhasya (gatha 28) says," Dravya is an entity which accepts its modes and gets itself free from them; the entity which is owned by its modes, which is either a part or its vikara, which is an amalgam of forms and other attributes and which is able to have the past and the future modes". Umaswati has defined dravya in two ways, namely : Dravya is sat which is with origination, destruction and permanence and dravya is an entity, which is with attributes and modes.. - Sat dravya laksnam - Utpada vyaya dhrauvya yukta sat. - Gunaparyayavat dravyam
