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the word 'vrsala' necessarily means sūdra. On the other hand the non-vedic root of them is confirmed by the close examination of the above-mentioned references in the Arthaśāstra.
After the critical examination of the Prakrit words to (ara, वृषिन्) ; वुसी (वृषी) and also बुसि etc. quoted in the dictionary Paiasadda-mahannavo, we know that this term is used for a ‘muni' initiated in a non-vedic tradition. When we go through the citation, TH TH CH3TT', which is repeated in the Sūtrakstānga (1.8.19 ; 1.11.15) and Uttarādhyayana (5.18) we come to the final conclusion that the terms vrşala and vrşalī are closely connected with the Jaina monks. Observations :
In this small article, eight key-words are chosen and brought under the scanner. Each word possesses a basic etymological meaning. Kautilya uses it with the shade of the meaning which is suitable for the writing his treatise on polity. Ancient Jaina texts incorporate the same words with the meanings suitable for their ethical and philosophical framework. These are some of glimpses of our common heritage - called the 'Indian Culture’. We can extend the study with more words like - sfra-3410R ; 3.089 ; TAUN; Joly Roh ; 341914 ; TRER and so on. [4] Jaina code of conduct from the perspective of Kauțilīya
Arthaśāstra
In this topic we are not going to discuss the whole Jaina Ethics which is distinctily divided into (i) the code of conduct for the Jaina householders and (ii) the code of conduct for the Jaina monks. Jaina Ethics is a wide and independent branch of the Jaina literature which is flourished through centuries and expressed in various old, middle and modern Indo-Aryan languages.
