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(8th cent. A.D.), the commentator of Tattvārtha Rājvārtika quotes svajātyaparityāgena bhāvāntarāvāptirutpādah.' It means utpāda is nothing but a modification of a substance without giving up its own nature. With a slight difference, Ācārya Pūjyapāda Devanandī (9th cent. A.D.) defines utpāda or origination as :
cetanasyācetanasya vā dravyasya svāṁ jātimajahat ubhayanimittavaśād bhāvāntrāvāptirutpādanamutpādaḥ mrtpindasya ghataparyāyavat.?
It means the attainment of other modes by souls or other substances, by means of external and internal causes, without giving up their essential characteristics is called as utpāda. For instance, the production of a pitcher from clay. 2.4 Definition of Vyaya (Cessation)
According to Akalamka, vyaya is nothing but the disappearance of its form.' Ācārya Pūjyapāda defines vyaya as, tathā pūrvabhāvābhigamanam vyayaḥ yathā ghatotpattau piņdāksteņ." It means, "The loss of the former mode is destruction. For instance, the loss of the lump shape of clay in the production of the pitcher." 2.5 The Definition of Dhrauvya (Permanence)
Ācārya Pūjyapāda defines dhrauvya, as there is neither annihilation nor origination of the inherent nature, it is permanent quality. That is, it is permanent. For instance, clay continues to exist in the lump form, in the pitcher and in its
Tatvārtharājavārtika of Aklamka. Ed. Mahendra Kumar. Delhi: Bhāratiya Gyānapītha Prakasan, 2nd edn., 1999, p. 495. ? Sarvārthasiddhi of Pūjyapāda. Ed. Phool Chandra Shastri. Delhi: Bhārtīya
Jñānapeetha, 13th edn., 2005, 5.30, p. 229. * Tattvārtharājavārtika of Akalamka. op.cit., p. 495. Sarvārthasiddhi of Pūjyapāda. op.cit., 5.30, p. 229.
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