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appropriate example of a bhramara (black bee) to show the essential difference between vyavahāra and niścayanaya in Viśeşāvaśyakabhāsya :
logavvavahāraparo vvavahāro bhanai kālao bhamaro. paramatthaparo maņņai nicchaio pancavanno tti.'
The bhramara (black bee), as seen from vyavahāra naya, is nothing but black in colour, while the same insect, when seen from niścyaya, contains all the five colours. In other words, vyavahāra, unlike niscaya, does not state ultimate truth. On the contrary, vyavahāra follow the view upheld by some one naya and it does not take into account, as niscaya does, the views upheld by all the nayas.
Again seven naya-s are further classified under two heads as artha naya and sabda naya.Specially to deal with the problem of communication, these two perspectives are applied. The former is related to the meaning or senses of a sentence, while the latter, to the words used by a speaker or knower.?
A naya has a double function i.e., experience of the object and its verbal expression. The classification of the first four view points, which are mainly concerned with the ontological aspect of a thing are called the artha naya .The remaining three śabda naya,being mainly concerned with the linguistic aspect on account of being expressed in verbal proposition. 3.3.2 Seven Types of Nayavāda
The Jaina thinkers have been led to the formulation of the methodological scheme consisting of seven ways of looking at reality. They are enumerated in the following order of
Viseșāvasyakabhāsya, Part-1, gāthā-75, p. 25 Laghiyastrya of Akalamka, op.cit., verse-72. Tattvārtharījavārtika of Akalamkadeva. Ed. Mahendra Kumar, Nyāyācārya. Vol. II.Delhi: Bharatiya Jñānapītha Prakashan, 2nd edn., 1999, sutra-1.33.
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