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________________ vaidika bhASA meM prAkRta ke tattva DaoN0 premasumana jaina, DaoN0 udayacandra jaina bhAratIya AryazAkhA parivAra kI bhASAoM ko vidvAnoM ne jina tIna vargoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai ve isa prakAra haiM 1. prAcona bhAratIya aarybhaassaa| 2. madhyakAlIna bhAratIya aarybhaassaa| 3. Adhunika bhAratIya AryabhASA / bhASAzAstra ke itihAsa meM vidvAnoM ne jo adhyayana prastuta kiye haiM unase yaha sAmAnya niSpatti huI hai ki ina sabhI AryabhASAoM kA eka dUsare ke sAtha sambandha hai| vaidika bhASA, saMskRta, prAkRta evaM Adhunika AryabhASAoM para svatantra rUpa se kaI adhyayana prastuta ho cuke haiN| kucha ina bhASAoM ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana se bhI sambandhita haiN| kintu vaidika bhASA aura prAkRta bhASA ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana kI dizA meM koI svatantra rUpa se aura gaharAI se kArya huA ho, aisA hamAre dekhane meM nahIM AyA hai| prAkRta bhASA para kArya karane vAle vidvAnoM ne avazya hI prasaMgavaza prAkRta aura vaidika bhASA kI samAna pravRttiyoM kI saMkSepa meM carcA kI hai, kintu vaidika bhASA aura vyAkaraNa para dezI-videzI vidvAnoM ke jo grantha hama dekha sake haiM, unameM vaidika bhASA meM prAkRta ke tattvoM kA saMketa bhI nahIM miltaa|' prAcIna bhASAoM ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana kI dizA meM yaha sthiti nirAzAjanaka hI kaho jaayegii| adhyayana sAmagrI prAkRta bhASAoM kA adhyayana prastuta karate samaya DaoN0 pizela, paM0 becaradAsa dozI, DaoN0 prabodha paMDita, DaoN0 katre, DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI Adi vidvAnoM ne apane granthoM meM vaidika bhASA meM prAkRta tattvoM ke vivecana ke kucha saMketa diye haiN| ye saMketa isa dizA meM isa kArya ko karane ke lie preraNAdAyI haiN| kucha bhASAvidoM meM DaoN. sunItakumAra caTarjI, DaoN0 sukumAra sena, pro0 tagAre, DaoN0 bhayANI, DaoN0 guNe Adi ne bhI isa tathya ko svIkAra kiyA hai ki vaidika bhASA ke sAtha-sAtha jo janabolI cala rahI thI vaha prAkRta kA prArambhika rUpa hai aura usase kucha samAna tattva vaidika bhASA aura prAkRta parisaMvAda-4
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________________ 264 jainavidyA evaM prAkRta : antarazAstrIya adhyayana meM samAna rUpa se grahaNa kiye gaye haiN| 3 jyUnsa glAsa ne bhI apane phalAMga vyAkhyAnoM meM vaidika bhASA aura prAkRta ke sambandha ko spaSTa karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| idhara gata do dazakoM meM jo prAkRta bhASA para vibhinna seminAra hue haiM, unameM bhI Adhunika vidvAnoM meM se kucha ne isa dizA meM prakAza DAlane kA prayatna kiyA hai 5 isa avadhi meM vaidika bhASA aura prAkRta sAhitya para jo kArya sAmane Aye haiM unake tulanAtmaka adhyayana se bhI vaidika bhASA meM prAkRta ke tattva khoja nikAlane meM suvidhA prApta huI hai| isa taraha uparyukta sAmagrI ke AdhAra para vaidika bhASA aura prAkRta ke sambandha ko sodAharaNa spaSTa karane kA prayatna kiyA jA sakatA hai| yadyapi saMkalita sAmagrI aura adhyayana kI naI dizAoM ke AdhAra para yaha viSaya eka svatantra graMtha kA viSaya hai| kintu yahA~ rUparekhA ke rUpa meM kucha samAnatAoM para hI vizleSaNa prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai| vaidika bhASA prAcIna bhAratIya Arya bhASA ke pratinidhi grantha mUlataH cAra veda haiN| yadyapi ina cAroM vedoM kI bhASA meM vidvAnoM ne kucha stara nizcita kiye haiM, kintu usakI saMracanA meM prAyaH ekarUpatA pAyI jAtI hai| vaidika vidvAn aura Adhunika bhASAvid yaha svIkAra karate haiM ki vedoM kI bhASA usa samaya meM pracalita kaI loka bhASAoM kA milA julA rUpa hai, jise chAMdasa bhASA ke nAma se jAnA gayA hai / chAMdasa bhASA tatkAlIna janabhASA kA pariSkRta rUpa hai| yahI tattva vartamAna meM upalabdha prAkRta sAhitya kI bhASA meM thor3e-bahuta parivartanoM ke sAtha pAye jAte haiM / ataH bhASAvidoM kA yaha niSkarSa hai ki vaidika bhASA aura prAkRta-bhASAe~ kisI eka mUla srota se sambandha rakhatI haiM / jo usa samaya kI janabhASA rahI hogii| prAcIna bhASA ke vikAsa ke mUla meM vidvAnoM ne tIna dezI vibhASAoM kA prabhAva svIkAra kiyA hai| (i) udIcya ( uttarIya vibhaassaa)| (i) madhyadezIya vibhASA / (iii) prAcya yA pUrvI vibhaassaa| inameM se udIcya vibhASA se chAMdasa bhASA vikasita huI, jisameM vaidika sAhitya likhA gayA hai / aura prAcya yA pUrvI vibhASA se prAkRtoM kA vikAsa huA hai| sAMskRtika vikAsa kI dRSTi se dekheM to yaha krama ThIka pratIta hotA hai ki vedoM ko parisaMvAda-4
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________________ vaidika bhASA prAkRta ke tattva 265 saMracanA paMjAba, athavA udIcya pradeza meM huI mAnI jAtI hai / ataH vaidika bhASA meM udIcya vibhASA kA adhika prabhAva rahA aura prAkRta bhASAoM kA sAhitya athavA prayoga pUrvI pradezoM meM adhika rahA isa kAraNa usameM prAcyA vibhASA ke tattva vikasita hue haiM / kintu donoM vibhASAe~ samakAlIna hone se eka dUsare ko prabhAvita karatI rahI haiM, isI kAraNa se vaidika bhASA aura prAkRta meM kaI samAnatAe~ prApta hotI haiM / vaidika bhASA meM mUrdhanya dhvaniyoM kA prayoga, na ke sthAna para Na kA prayoga, vibhakti rUpoM Adi meM vaikalpika rUpoM kA prayoga kriyAoM meM sImita lakAroM kA prayoga Adi vizeSatAe~ usameM prAkRta tattvoMke mizraNa ko prakaTa karatI haiN| inhIM pravRtiyoM ke kAraNa vaidika bhASA ke sAtha-sAtha janabhASA prAkRta kA astitva svayameva siddha hotA hai / bAkaranAgala kahate haiM ki prAkRtoM kA astitva nizcita rUpa se vaidika boliyoM ke sAtha-sAtha vartamAna thA, inhIM prAkRtoM se paravartI sAhityika prAkRtoM kA vikAsa huA hai / DA0 viMTaranitja bhI yahI kahate haiM ki saMskRta ke vikAsa ke sAtha hI sAtha aura samAnAntara bolacAla kI AryabhASAoM kA adhika svAbhAvika vikAsa bhI cala rahA thA, jinheM hama madhyayugI bhAratIya bhASAe~ ( pAlI, prAkRta, apabhraMza ) kahate haiM / ve sIdhe saMskRta kI upaja nahIM haiM, apitu prAcIna loka bhASAoM ( vaidika bhASA ) se anubaddha haiM / vaidika bhASA ke uparAnta jaba pANinI ne apane samaya kI prAyaH samasta bhASAoM ko ekarUpatA meM bA~dhane ke lie bhASA kA saMskAra kara saMskRta bhASA kA vyAkaraNa banAyA to unhoMne bhI apane pUrvavartI vaidika bhASA aura prAkRta kI samAna pravRttiyoM kA saMketa apane grantha meM kiyA hai / vaidika prakriyA meM prAyaH isI prakAra ke zabdoM kA kathana hai / bahulaM chaMdasi Adi kahakara pANinI vaidika bhASA ke vaikalpika prayogoM kA saMketa karate haiM / jo prAkRta kI eka sAmAnya vizeSatA hai| prAcIna bhAratIya bhASAoM kI ina pravRttiyoM ko saMskRta meM nibaddha kara dene ke uparAnta bhI tatkAlIna sAhitya meM janabhASA tattvaprayukta hote rahe haiM / yadyapi unakI mAtrA vaidika bhASA kI apekSA kucha kama hai / brAhmaNa, upaniSad, rAmAyaNa evaM mahAbhArata ke praNayana meM bhI vizuddha rUpa se saMskArita bhASA ke niyamoM kA pAlana nahIM huA hai / cU~ki inakA sambandha loka jIvana se thA / ataH yatra-tatra lokabhASA ke tattva bhI ina kAvyoM meM prayukta hue haiM / " mahAkAvya yuga ke bAda to pAlo prAkRta ke prayoga loka aura sAhitya donoM meM hone lagate haiM / jisakA udAharaNa tripiTaka, Agama evaM prAkRta kA zilAlekhI sAhitya hai / ataH vaidika yuga se lekara mahAvIra aura buddha ke yuga taka prAkRta bhASA kA vikAsa aura prAkRta kA samakAlIna sAhitya tathA saMskRti se sambandha Adi viSayoM para gaharAI se adhyayana parisaMvAda -4 21
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________________ janavidyA evaM prAkRta : antarazAstrIya adhyayana kiyA jAnA apekSita hai| yahA~ hama vaidika bhASA meM prAkRta ke tattvoM ke anveSaNa taka hI apane ko sImita rakhate haiN| prAkRta bhASA bhASAvidoM ne prakRti arthAt svabhAva se utpanna lokabhASA ko prAkRta bhASA kA nAma diyA hai| ataH prAkRta bhASA kA artha huA logoM kA svAbhAvika vacana-vyApAra / isI svAbhAvikatA ke kAraNa prAkRta kucha viziSTa varga kI bhASA na hokara jana-sAmAnya kI bhASA banI rahI hai| sAhitya kI dRSTi se mahAvIra ke bAraha Agama grantha Adi jisa bhASA meM prAk kRta arthAt sarvaprathama likhe gaye hoM, usa bhASA ko bhI prAkRta nAma diyA gayA hai| yaha prAkRta bhASA kevala darzana granthoM taka hI sImita nahIM hai, apitu lagabhaga do hajAra varSoM kI avadhi meM isameM bhAratIya sAhitya kI prAyaH sabhI vidhAoM meM grantha likhe gaye haiN| isa vizAla sAhitya ko dhyAna meM rakhakara prAkRta vaiyAkaraNoM evaM Adhunika vidvAnoM ne prAkRta bhASA kI kaI vizeSatAeM rekhAMkita kI haiN| bhAropIya parivAra ko bhASAoM ke adhyayana karane ko jo vizeSa paddhati bhASAvidoM ne pracalita kI hai, use bhASA-vijJAna ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| bhAropIya parivAra kI bhASAoM kA sambandha, svarUpa evaM vikAsa kI dRSTi se isa kSetra meM sarvAdhika pracalita sazakta bhASA saMskRta ke sAtha rahA hai| ataH saMskRta ke atirikta anyabhASAoM kA adhyayana vaiyAkaraNoM aura Adhunika bhASAvidoM ne saMskRta bhASA kI pravRttiyoM ko mUla meM rakhakara kiyA hai| yahA~ taka kI avestA, jarmana, grIka, laiTina Adi bhASAoM kI pravRttiyoM kA jJAna karAne ke lie bhI saMskRta ko mUla meM rakhA gayA hai|11 adhyayana kI dRSTi se inake mUla meM saMskRta hote hue bhI jisa prakAra ye sabhI bhASAe~ Aja svataMtra bhASAe~ mAnI jAtI haiM, usI prakAra prAkRta bhI eka svataMtra vikasita bhASA hai, bhale hI usakI pravRttiyoM kA adhyayana Aja taka saMskRta ko mAdhyama banAkara kiyA gayA ho| __ yahI sthiti vaidika bhASA ke adhyayana kI rahI hai| usakI sabhI pravRttiyoM ko saMskRta meM khojane kA prayatla kiyA gayA hai, jabaki usakI aneka pravRttiyA~ prAkRta bhASA se milatI-julatI haiN| vaidika bhASA ke pUrva pracalita janabhASA prAkRta ke svarUpa ko prakaTa karane vAle sAhitya kA abhAva hone se yaha kaha pAnA Aja kaThina hai ki vaidika bhASA meM jo prAkRta ke tattva prApta hote haiM ve maulika haiM athavA vaidika bhASA se parisaMvAda-4
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________________ vaidika bhASA meM prAkRta ke tattva 267 unakA prAkRtIkaraNa huA hai| vaidika sAhitya meM prAkRta prathamA vibhakti eka vacana meM prayukta devo, deva, deva ina zabdoM meM se kauna mUla hai tathA kauna tadbhava / isakA nirNaya karanA vidvAnoM ke samakSa vicAraNIya prazna hai| yadyapi bhASAvidoM ne mukha saukarya Adi kAraNoM dvArA bhASA ke vikAsa ko kaThinatA se saralatA kI ora gati karane kI bAta kahI hai| kintu yaha aMtima niSkarSa nahIM hai| mukha zabda se mu~ha banA athavA mu~ha se mukha isa prakAra ke parivartanoM ko naye DhaMga se socA jAnA Avazyaka ho / gayA hai| tabhI vaidika bhASA, saMskRta aura prAkRta Adi bhASAoM ke vikAsa ko aitihAsika krama se samajhA jA skegaa| ataH prastuta nibaMdha meM philahAla pracalita pravRtti kA Azraya lete hue saMskRta ko mUla meM rakhakara vaidika bhASA meM prAkRta tattva spaSTa karane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| bhASAvidoM dvArA svIkRta zabdAvalI ke anusAra vaidika bhASA kI nimna pravRttiyoM meM prAkRta ke tattva dekhe jA sakate haiN| jaise-(1) svara parivartana (2) vyaJjanoM kA saralIkaraNa (3) zabdarUpoM meM vaikalpika prayoga (4) vibhaktilAghava evaM vacanalAghava (5) dezI zabdoM ke prayoga kI adhikatA (6) mUrdhanya dhvaniyoM kA prayoga (7) kriyArUpoM meM lAghava (8) kRdaMta pratyayoM kA saralIkaraNa (9) saMdhi prayogoM meM prakRtibhAva aadi| dhvani parivartana vaidika bhASA aura prAkRta bhASA meM dhvani parivartana ke antargata svara aura vyaMjanoM ke parivartana meM kaI sAmya dekhe jA sakate haiN| vaidika bhASA meM aise kaI udAharaNa prApta hote haiM, jinheM suvidhA kI dRSTi se svara-parivartana aura vyaMjana-parivartana ke antargata prastuta kiyA jA sakatA hai| svara parivartana svara parivartana ke antargata hrasva svara kA dIrgha ho jAnA, dIrgha svara kA hrasva honA, eka svara ke sthAna para dUsare svara kA prayoga honA, vyaMjana ke sAtha svara kA Agama ho jAnA tathA svaroM kA lopa ho jAnA Adi pravRttiyA~ vaidika bhASA aura prAkRta meM prAyaH samAna dekhI jAtI haiN| bhASA vijJAna meM hrasva mAtrA kA niyama bahuta pracalita hai| prAkRta meM yaha pravRtti adhika pAyI jAtI hai ki kabhI svara hrasva se dIrgha evaM dIrgha se hrasva ho jAte haiN| vaidika bhASA meM bhI yaha pravRtti dekhane ko milatI hai| parisaMvAda-4
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________________ 268 jaina vidyA evaM prAkRta : antarazAstrIya adhyayana vaidika pAyarDa harI durlabha pUso duallaM mahi yathA :(1) hrasva kA dIrgha saMskRta prAkRta pinA' 3 (R, 1,15,5) azva Aso athA (R, 1,76,3) varSaH vAso menA' (atharva-1,9,3) prakaTa harI (atharva 1,6,2) hari dUlaha (atha 4,9,8) dUlaha pUruSa15 (yaju-12-78-1) puruSa, puSya vAyU (R 1-2-4) vAyu vAyU dUnAza (R4-9-8) durnAza, dukUla dIrgha kA hrasva amatra (R2-36-4) amAtra amatta mahi (R 1-119-4) mahI rodasiprA (R 10-88-10) raudasIprA-gabhIram gahiraM prAkRta meM eka vizeSa pravRtti hai ki zabdoM ke svara dUsare svaroM meM badala jAte haiM / jaise-a kA i, u Adi / yahI pravRtti vaidika bhASA meM milatI hai| (3) svarAgama mahitva (atharva 4-2-4) mahatva, uttama uttimo aGgira (yaju 12-8-1) aMkAra, madhyamaH majjhimo tanuvam (ta, saM 7-22-1) tanvam taNuvaM suvarga (tai0 4-2-3) savargaH suvaggo triyambakam (vai0 pra06-4-86) tryambakam, vyajana viaNaM sudhiyo6 sudhyo, kUpAsa kuppiso, kuppAso rAtriyA'7 rAjyA, dravya daviya (4) svaralopa pUSNe (yaju-3-8-15) pUSaNa, prastAvaH paruSparu (atharva 4-9-4) paruSAparu, dAvAgni davaggI uta tmanA (yaju 13-52-1) uta AtmanA, alAvu lAvU patthavo parisaMvAda-4
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________________ vaidika bhASA meM prAkRta ke tattva ka (5) i kA e edaM (sA0 666) eaM eMdra (sA0 393) iMdra, zayyA sejjA eto (sA0 350) itaH eo (6) R ke parivartana prAkRta meM prAcIna bhAratIya AryabhASA ke R varNa kA abhAva hai aura usake sthAna para a, i, u, e, ri Adi kA prayoga hotA hai / yathA--- karAma (yaju 19-62-1) karai pitara (atharva 6-120-5) pitR piara mAtara (a0 6-120-1) mAara pitA (a0 6-120-2) pitR piA-pidA rajiSTham (vai0 pra0 6-4-162) rujiSTham, Rddhi riddhi buMda (nirukta pR0 522) kuTha (R. 1-46-4) kRta, pRthivI gaheM (vai0 pra.) Rdha, vRntam ai kA eka kevata kaivata, zailA voDhave voDhavai, airAvaNa erAvaNa medhye medhya, kailAsa kelAsa senyaM (a0 kA0 18-1-40) senya (8) au kA o21 oSadhI auSadhI oSahi snopazA svaupazA, kaumudI komuI aya kA e tredhA ( yaju05-15-1) trayadhA, saundarya sunderaM zreNI22 zrayaNI, nayati neti antareti (zata 1-2-3-18) antarayati, kayalI kelI kSeNAya23 kSayaNAya, kayala kelaM a- , , , tstshaa zl- smyu , & # % zlddho tstshaa blowM , , bhyaa th- edha9 selA sainyaM parisaMvAda-4
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________________ oNai devaH - maH 270 jainevidyA evaM prAkRta : antarazAstrIya adhyayana (10) ava ko o zroNI (atha0 1-2-3) zravaNa, navamallikA NomAliyA loNa24 lavaNa loNa onati25 avanayati (11) visarga kA o prAkRta meM visarga kA prayoga nahIM hotA hai| prAyaH isake sthAna para e athavA o prayukta hotA hai| vaidika bhASA meM yadyapi visarga kA prayoga hotA hai, kintu unake vikalpa rUpoM meM e aura o vAle prayoga bhI pAye jAte haiM / yathAdevA (R 1-1-5) devo vAyo (atha-1-22-1) vAyaH so ( R1-191-11) (12) visarga kA lopa deva (R. 1-13-11) devaH vAya (R 1-2-2) vAyaH sa (R 1-1-2 (a 2-1-3) (13) e kA prayoga ye (R 1-19-37) (14) vyaJjanaparivartana prAkRta zabdoM meM vyaJjana parivartana kI pravRtti kaI prakAra se dekhI jAtI hai / kaI jagaha Adi vyaJjana kA lopa, kaI jagaha madhya-vyaJjana lopa aura kaI sthAnoM para antya vyaJjanoM kA / vaidika bhASA meM ye sabhI prakAra ke vyaJjana parivartana pAye jAte haiN| kucheka udAharaNa draSTavya haiM :(15) ka ko ga gulpha (atha0 1-20-2) kulapha, eka ego kArta, kAkaH (16) kha ko ha maha (R 1-22-11) makhaH, mukha saH gArta25 kAgo parisaMvAda-4
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________________ vaidika bhASA meM prAkRta ke tattva 271 naDo bhaDo ghaDo ghaDai dAlima kIlai IE FEIE aa (17) Ta koDa havyarAD (R1-12-6) havyarATa, naTaH janarAD (yaju 5-24-1) janarATa, bhaTaH svarAD (yaju 5-24-1) svarATa, ghaTaH samrAD (yaju 4-30-1) samrATa, ghaTati (18) Da ko la Ile26 IDe, dADima ahelamAna aheDamAna, krIDati (19) na koNa Na (sAma-sU0 57) No (sA0 25) NayAmi (a0 2-19-4) (20) dha ko tha, tha ko dha samitha (yaju 17-79-1) samidha mAghava (zatabrA-4-1-3-10) mAdhava adha (sA0 1496) ___ atha nAdha27 nAtha yathA (21) da ko u dUuma (vA0 saM0 3-36) durdama, dambhaH puroDAsa (yaju 3-44) purodAsa, dAhaH (22) 128 ko ba triSTuba gAyatrI (R 10-14-16) triSTupa, kuNapaM klApaH (23) ba ko bha triSTubha (yaju 13-34-1) triSTuba, bisanI (24) bha ko ha dUlaha (R.1-61-14) durlabha kakuha (R. 1-181-5) kukubha, RSabha / Dambho DAho kuNavaM klAvo bhisiNI kakuha, risaha parisaMvAda-4
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________________ 272 jaina vidyA evaM prAkRta : antarazAstrIya adhyayana jaso jAmi joisa, jamo lAyaNNaM calaNo kaluNo loma thora (25) ya ko ja juSThohi (R 1-44-2) yuSTa, yazaH jajJAnAM (R 1-23-4) yajJAnAM jAmi (R 1-65-4) yAmi jyotis (R4-37-10) dyotis, yamaH ___ a0 2-28-7) (26) va koya pRthujavaH (ni0 pR0 383) pRthujayaH, lAvaNyaM (27) ra ko la madhulA (R 1-191,70) madhura, caraNa karuNaH loma (a0 4-12-4) roma (28) la ko ra sarira29 salila, sthUla (29) ha ko bha gRbhItAM (R 1-162-2) gRhIta (30) ha ko gha sudughAM (sAma sU0 295) suduhAM, saMhAra savardughAM (sA0 sU0 295) sarvaduhAM, dAha videgha (zata0 brA0 4-1-3-10) videha (31) saMyukta vyaJjana kSa ko ccha accha (atha-3-4-3) akSa, vRkSa RcchalA RkSalA, rUkSa pariccha paricchava, sAdRzye kukSiH (32) vyaJjana dvitva pravRtti vIryeNa yaju 5-20-1) vIryeNa, paryata sUryyarUpa (yaju 4-35-9) sUrya gaMbhIa saMghAra dAgha videgha vaccha riccha sAricchaM kucchI pajjaMta sujja parisaMvAda-4
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________________ vaidika bhASA meM prAkRta ke tattva 273 puvva vijja therA kohalaM uccA nIcA patvA tamhA jamhA mahA-maha vaiSNavAn pUrvya (yaju 4-35-1) vIrya (zata 3-2-2-5) vIrya (33) Adi vyaJjanalopa yuvAM (R. 1-17-7) yuvAm, stuti (34) madhya-vyaJjanalopa AtA (ni0 4-142) AgataH, sthaviraH yAmi (ni0 100) yAcAmi, kutUhalam (35) antya vyaJjana lopa uccA (R1-123-2) uccAt nIcA (R2,13,12) nIcAt pazcA (R 1-123-5) pazcAt tasmA (atharva 8-10-1) tasmAt yasmA (R 1-25.5) yasmAt mahA (R 1-165-2) mahAn vaiSNavA (yaju 5-25-1) pada ke aMta meM rahanevAle m kA anusvAra __ araM (R 1-5-3) adam lokAnAM (a0 4-35-1) lokAnAm agniM (sA0 3) viSNu (sA0 91) (37) viparyaya niSTakarya (vai0 pra0 3-1-123) / nisRkartya tarka (ni0 101-13) kartuH, vArANasI (38) aghoSa kA ghoSa gulpha (a0 1-20-2) kulpha, eka gAta (katre pa0 61) kArta, amukaH triSTubha (R 10,14,16) triSTupa, AkAraH samrAD (yaju 4-391) samrAT ghaTaH (39) ghoSa kA aghoSa vibhIdaka (prAkRta vimarza) vibhItaka, bhavati adaM agnim viSNum loANaM aggi viNNu marahaTTha vANArasI ekA amugo AgAro ghaDo hodi-havadi parisaMvAda-4 22
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________________ 274 (40) alpaprANa kA mahAprANa mahaR 1-22-11) ( 41 ) samIkaraNa pakkR (R 1-66-2) (42) svarabhakti aMkira (yaju 12 - 8- 1) suvarga ( tai0 4, 2-3 ) tanuvaM ( tai0 saM0 7-22-1) (43 ) zabda rUpoM meM samAnatA yathA vaidika devo (RR 1-1-5) prathamA ekavacana deva (R1-13-11) devebhiH tRtIyA bahuvacana jaina vidyA evaM prAkRta : antarazAstrIya adhyayana makha, mukha pakvaH aMkAra, uttama svargaH tanvam parisaMvAda -4 prAkRta meM kArakoM kI kamI tathA unakA Apasa meM prayoga prAyaH dekhA jAtA hai / vedoM meM bhI caturthI vibhakti ke sthAna meM SaSThI, tRtIyA ke sthAna para SaSThI Adi kArakoM kA parivartana prApta hotA hai / isI taraha nAma rUpoM meM prayukta kaI pratyaya bhI prAkRta aura vaidika meM samAna haiM / sarvanAmoM meM bhI kaI prayoga samAna dekhe jAte haiM / isI taraha vaidika meM prAkRta kI taraha dvivacana ke sthAna para bahuvacana kA prayoga pAyA jAtA hai / tathA kucha zabda vibhakti rahita bhI prayukta hote haiM / saMskRta deva : devaiH saMskRta so (R0 13,100, 4) sa ( R13,82, 4) saH yo (R 13,81,6) jo (R 7,33,12) yaH ye (R 5,19,6) ya (R 5,19,4) ya ( R 13,74, 2) muha pakko prAkRta meM prayukta hariNo, giriNo. rAiNo, Adi zabda rUpoM kI taraha vaidika meM bhI suraNo (RR 3 - 29-14), gharmaNo ( R 1 - 160 - 1) karmaNo ( R 1-11- 97) Adi kaI rUpa prayukta hote haiM / (44) sarvanAma zabda rUpa vaidika uttima suvaggo taNumaM prAkRta devo, deva deveha prAkRta sosa jo, ja, je
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________________ vaidika bhASA meM prAkRta ahaM, ha (atha 2, 27, 3) mo (a 1,19,1) me (R 14,93,1) catu0 eka0 No (R 1,18,3) catu0 bahu asme (R 12,72,2 ) hotA hai / 31 ke tattva (45) samAna zabda tuvaM pra0 eka0 tvam vo (a 3,2,2) dvi0 bahu0 yusmAn (R. 1, 8, 9 ) tava (R. 1, 2, 3) ca0 e0 tubhyaM tubhyaM (R 1, 2, 3) vo (R 1,20,5 ) ba0 ba0 tA (R 5,21,4) ( a 4, 14, 8) paMcamI eka0 rAyo (yuju0 1, 10, 2) chAga (yaju 0 19,89,1 ) jAyA pippalaM (R 1,164,22) kaho (R 1,181, 5) pUtaM (pavitra) (yaju0 12,104, 1) (46) vizeSaNa " me (R 1,23,20) a (1,30, 2) sapta0 eka0 mayi (R 1,23,22) mayi me mayi noTa - asme catu0 bahu0 kA rUpa saptamI bahuvacana ke lie bhI prayukta te aham vayam mahyam naH pakko (R 1,66,2) mUDhA (atha 6,61,2) asmabhyam yuSmabhyam tasmAt rAja chAga kakubha hhee ahaM, haM mo No amhe tuvaM vo te tava tubhyaM vo tA rAyo chAga jAyA pippalaM kakuho pUa 275 pakka pakko mUra mUDho (47) tadvita vaidika bhASA meM taddhita zabda rUpoM kA prAkRta ke samAna hI prayoga dekhA jA sakatA hai / yathA- parisaMvAda -4
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________________ 276 jaina vidyA evaM prAkRtaM : antarazAstrIya adhyayane madrimA, puNyamA (R 3,43,2) pINimA, pupphimA sakhitva (R 1,10,6) sahitaM (48) avyaya 'u' aura 'o' avyaya kA vaidika aura prAkRta bhASA meM pracura prayoga-sUcanA vismaya, pazcAtApa Adi ke arthoM meM huA hai / 'Na'-'na' ke rUpa meM 'iva' ke artha me prAyaH prayoga huA hai| mA-ima niSedha artha meM prayoga huA hai| tAvat yAvat ke lie tata yata kA prayoga vaidika bhASA meM huA hai, aura prAkRta meM ta, ya kA prayoga huA hai| ___ isI taraha bahuta se avayava aise haiM jo prAkRta aura vaidika bhASA meM samAna rUpa meM prayukta hue haiN| (49) samAna avyaya iha ( R 1, 13, 10) iha idha vA (R 1,6,9) hi ( R1,6,7) vi (R 1,7,3) nahi ( atharva 1,21,3) jahi ( a 1,21,2) namo (a, zu1) kuha (R. 1,46,9) kadu ( R1,181,1) yAva ( a 4,19,7) jAva athA ( yaju 12,8,1) adha aha uM (8,9,1) kayA ( kisa ) ( sAma 168) kayA ayA ( isa ) ( sAma 1,2,4 ) ayA A ( a 2,10,7) A kva ( sA 271 ) ANi (R 1,36,6) kuha kadu kva dANi parisaMvAra-4
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________________ vaidika bhASA meM prAkRta ke tattva 277 saMskRta (50) vIpsA vaidika bhASA meM vIpsA zabdoM kA prayoga prAkRta kI taraha hI huA hai / yathA-- ekkamekkaM ( R 1,20,7) ekkamekkaM-ekkekkaM rUpaM rUpaM ( a 1,21,3) ekkaM ekkaM bhUyo bhUyo ( a 4,21,2) bhUyo bhUyo (51) kriyA rUpa jisa prakAra vaidika bhASA meM dhAtuoM meM kisI prakAra kA gaNa bheda nahIM hai, usI prakAra prAkRta bhASA meM dhAtuoM meM gaNa bheda nahIM hai| yathAvaidika prAkRta hanati hanti hanavi haNai zayate zete sayate sayae bhedati bhinati bhedati marate mriyate marate marae kucha vaidika kriyArUpoM ke vartamAnakAla prathama puruSa ekavacana meM 'e' pratyaya kA prayoga huA hai| zobhe (R 1,120,5) zobhate sobhae sobhai (he0 3,158) duhe (a 1,11,12) duhate zaye (ve0 pra0 7,1,1 . sayae sayai Ise (sa0 pra0 468) Ise Isae AjJArthaka loTa lakAra meM bhI vaidika bhASA aura prAkRta bhASA meM kucha samAnatA dekhane ko milatI hai / madhyama puruSa ekavacana meM hi evaM lopa pratyaya kI pravRti hai / jaise-- gacchahi gacchahi pAhi (R 1,2,1) pAhi daha ( a 1,28,2 ) daha gaccha ( yaju 4,34,1) gaccha tira ( yaju 5,38,1) tira bhaja ( R1,27,5) bhaja bodhi ( vai0 pra0) boghi bohi zayate parisaMvAda-4
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________________ 278 jainavidyA evaM prAkRta : antarazAstrIya adhyayana vaidika aura prAkRta bhASA meM Atmanepada aura parasmaipada kA bhI bheda nahIM hai / vartamAnakAla tathA bhUtakAla kI kriyAoM ke vaidika kriyApada meM vartamAna ke sthAna meM parokSa vaidika aura prAkRta bhASA meM prayoga nizcita nahIM haiM / kA prayoga dekhA jAtA hai / yathA mriyate - ( varta0 ) mamAra ( parokSa ) vai0 pra0 3 4 6 jabaki prAkRta meM parokSa ke sthAna para vartamAna kA prayoga dekhA jAtA hai / yathA precchAcakre ( parokSa ) pecchai ( varta0 ) zRNoti ( varta0 ) sohIa ( parokSa ) he0 prA0 8/4/447 bhUtakAla ke prayoga meM kriyA rUpa ke pahale 'a' kA abhAva bhI dekhane ko milatA hai / (becara - 123) vaidika mathIt rujan bhUt (52) kriyArUpoM meM ekarUpatA parisaMvAda -4 saMskRta amathunAt arujan abhUt vaidika muj (atharva 3-11-1 ) cara ( atharva 3-15-6 ) vajca ( a0 4-16-2 ) cara vajca jaya kira kara kara ( yaju 19-62-1 ) yujja (yaju 5 - 14- 1 ) yujja (53) vaidika bhASA aura prAkRta ke kRdaMta rUpoM meM nta aura mANa pratyaya kI samAnatA hai / vaidika caraMca ( R 1-6-1 ) namaMta ( atharva 3-16-6) jayaMta ( atha0 7-118-1 ) 'rAjaMta (R' 3-2-4 ) jaya ( a0 6-98- 1 ) kira ( yaju0 5-26- 1 ) prAkRta mathIa rujIa bhavIa prAkRta muj prAkRta caraMta namaMta jayaMta rAjaMta
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________________ vaidika bhASA meM prAkRta ke tattva 279 vihaMtA ( R 1-173-5 ) vihaMtA icchaMta (R. 1-161-14) icchaMta / bharamANaH ( R1-72-5) rakkhamANa rakSamANaH (R 1-72-5) rakkhamANa icchamAno ( atharva 3-15-3) icchamANo rAcamAnA (R 3-7-5) royamANa isake atirikta strIliMga banAne ke lie I pratyaya kA prayoga bhI huA hai| jaise - bhavaMtI ( a0 3-14-6), jIvaMtI (a0 3-14-6), AcarantI (R 1-164-40) (54) hetvartha kRdanta ke pratyayoM meM prAyaH samAnatA milatI hai| yathAvaidika saMskRta prAkRta kartave ( vai0 pra0 3-4-9) kartum kattave dAtuM ( atharva 6-122-3) dAtum dAuM aise ( vai0 pra0 3-4-9) aitum ese vaidika aura prAkRta donoM meM aniyamita kRdaMtoM kA bhI prayoga hotA hai, kintu unake rUpoM meM bhinnatA hai| (55) saMdhi rUpa vaidika prAkRta savarNa dIrgha saMdhi indrAgnI (R 1-21) AyArAMga ( AyAra aMga) aitenAgne (R 1-21-18) visamAyavo ( visama Ayavo ) nasatyA (R. 1-47-9) dasIsaro ( dahi Isaro) atrAha (R1-48-4) sAUayaM ( sAu uayaM ) zacIya ( R 1-53-3) jeNAhaM ( jeNa ahaM) penAtaraa ( atharva 4-35-2) bahUdaga ( bahu udaga) apavAda vizvA adhi (R2-8-5) a ANaMteNa pRthivI imaM (R 2-41-20) Na ANAmi manISA agniH ( R1-70-1) pUSA aviSTuH ( R 10-26-9) hoi iha parisaMvAda-4
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________________ 280 harI iva ( R 1 - 28-7 ) akSI iva ( R 2-39-5 ) ( 1 ) prAkRta meM ivarNa yA uvarNa ke Age vijAtIya svara rahane para unakI paraspara sandhi nahIM hotI hai / na varNa (1/6 ) jaise::- u indro, daNu indra, hAvali aruNo / ( 2 ) e dAto svare ( 1/7 ) prAkRta meM e aura o ke pazcAt yadi koI svara A jAya to paraspara meM sandhi nahIM hotI hai / jaise-nahullihaNe A 1 ( 56 guNa sandhi Amatendra eNa (R1-20-5 ) indrANImuya ( R1-22-12 ) dhaneva ( R 1-36-16 ) iheva ( R 1 - 37-3 ) asyed (R 1 - 61-11 ) yenodhato ( atharva 4-24-6 ) sUkto (yaju 8-25 ) apavAda zacIva - indra ( R 1-53-3 ) iyaM (R1-57-5 ) asmA id ( R 1-61-6 ) satya indra ( R 1-63-3 ) mRgA iva ( R 1-69-7 ) (57) prakRti sandhi jainavidyA evaM prAkRta : antarazAstrIya adhyayana mahayA adita (R 1-24-2 ) azA iti ( atha0 12-4-42 ) mahAM asi ( sAma-3-276 ) tanna ataya sA0 3-274 ) indravAyu ime (RR 1-2-4 ) parisaMvAda-4 vilayeso ( vilayA Iso ) sAsosAsA ( sAsa usAsA ) DhoraM (gUDhaua ) esi ( rA esi ) pahAvali aruNo bahu avaUDho da inda sahira litto vi a mahuI
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________________ 281 vaidika bhASA meM prAkRta ke tattva ghiSNye ime ( R7-72-3) vandAmi ajjavairaM somo gaurI adhizritaH ( R 9-12-3 ) rukkhAdo Aao yusmai it ( R8-18-19) devIe ettha asmai vA vahatam ( R8-5-15) nisA aro tve it (R 1-29-6) eo ettha ghanasA u Imahe ( R10-6-10) aho acchariaM hotA na I yaM ( sAma 3-792 ) gandha uDi indra i hayAM ( sAma 3-726 ) nisiaro bahule uye ( yaju 11-30-1) rayaNI aro maNu attaM sandarbha 1. (ka) vaidika vyAkaraNa DA0 rAmagopAla 2. (kha) vaidika vyAkaraNa mekDonala, anu-DA0 satyavrata zAstrI, pairA0 6 ta bhASAoM kA vyAkaraNa DA0 pizela (kha) prAka ta mArgopadezikA paM0 becaradAsa dozI, pR0 115 (ga) prAkRta bhASA DA0 pI0 bI0 paMDita, pR0 13, vArANasI 1954 (gha) prAkRta bhASAe~ aura bhAratIya saMskRti meM unakA avadAna DA0 katre, jayapura 1972 pR0 61-62 (Ga) prAkRta bhASA evaM sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa DA0 nemicandra zAstrI pR0 4-9 (ca) prAkRta vimarza DA0 sarayUprasAda agravAla, lakhanaU, 1974 pRSTha 44-48 3. (ka) AryabhASA aura hindI DA0 sunItikumAra caTarjI ( prathama saMskaraNa ) pRSTha 52, 62, 70 (kha) tulanAtmaka pAli-prAkRta apabhraMza vyAkaraNa DA0 sukumAra sena, ilAhAbAda 1969 bhUmikA pR0 1-2 rakala prAmara Apha da apabhraMza pro0 tagAre parisaMvAda-4
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________________ 282 jainavidyA evaM prAkRta : antarazAstrIya adhyayana (gha) paumacariu-bhUmikA DA0 bhAyANI (Ga) tulanAtmaka bhASAvijJAna DA0 pI0 DI0 guNe, pR0 120 Adi (ca) prAkRta bhASA aura usakA itihAsa DA0 haradeva bAharI, dillI pR0 13 4. jyUnsa glAsa ke phalAMga lekcarsa, 1928 5. prAkRtijma ina da Rgveda jI0 vI0 devasthalI prosIDiMgsa Apha da seminAra ina prAkRta sTaDIja, 1969 pR0 199-205 6. elaTiDirace grAmeTika bAkaranAgala, 1896-1905 pR0 18 Adi 7. prAcIna bhAratIya sAhitya, bhAga-1, DA0 vintaranitz2a, (anu) pR0 35 8. vaidika prakriyA pANini, 2-4-62 ityAdi 9. vintaranitz2a, vahI pR0 34-35 10. (ka) siddha hemazabdAnuzAsana hemacandra ( anuvAdaka-pyAracanda mahArAja ) (kha) prAkRta bhASA aura sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa, DA0 nemicandra zAstrI vArANasI 11. DA0 guNe, vahI, pR0 108 Adi / 12. katre, vahI, pR0 61-62 13. Rgveda-gAyatrI tapobhUmi, mathurA 1960 14. atharvaveda-vizvezvarAnaMda zodha saMsthAna, 1960 15. yajurveda-Arya sAhitya maMDala li0, ajamera vi0 saM0 1988 66. prAkRta mArgopadezikA pR0 117 17. vahI pR0 117 18. sAmaveda-Arya sAhitya maMDala li0, ajamera vi0 saM0 1988 19. katre vahI pR061 20. katre vahI pR0 61-62 21. katre vahI pR0 61 22. vahI pR0 61 23. vahI pR0 61 24. vahI pR0 61 25. vahI pR0 62 26. becaradAsa, vahI pR0 115 parisaMvAda-4
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________________ vaidika bhASA meM prAkRta ke tattva 27. katre vahI pR0 62 28 he0 prA0 pyAracandra jI mahArAja, vyAvara vi0 saM0 2020 29. karNasiMha-bhASAvijJAna pR0 118 30. zatapatha brAhmaNa 31. vaidika vyAkaraNa--pR0 339 dillI-1973 jainavidyA evaM prAkRta vibhAga, sukhAr3iyA vizvavidyAlaya, udayapura, rAjasthAna parisaMvAda-4