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________________ tIrthaMkara : mukti-patha kA prastotA 'tIyaMkara' jaina-sAhitya kA eka mukhya pAribhASika zabda hai| yaha zabda kitanA purAnA hai, isake lie itihAsa ke phera meM par3ane kI jarUrata nhiiN| Ajakala kA vikasita-se-vikasita itihAsa bhI isakA prArambha kAla pA sakane meM asamartha hai| aura, eka prakAra se to yaha kahanA cAhie ki yaha zabda upalabdha itihAsa sAmagrI se hai bhI bahuta dUra-pare kI ciij| jaina-dharma ke sAtha ukta zabda kA abhinna sambandha hai| donoM ko do alaga-alaga sthAnoM meM vibhakta karanA, mAno donoM ke vAstavika svarUpa ko hI vikRta kara denA hai| jainoM kI dekhA-dekhI yaha zabda anya paraMparAoM meM bhI kucha-kucha prAcIna kAla meM vyavahata huA hai, parantu vaha saba nahIM ke barAbara hai| jainoM kI taraha unake yahA~ yaha eka mAtra rUr3ha evaM unakA apanA nijI zabda bana kara nahIM raha skaa| tIrthakara kI paribhASA : jaina-dharma meM yaha zabda kisa artha meM vyavahRta huA hai, aura isakA kyA mahattva hai ? yaha samajha lene kI bAta hai| tIrthaMkara kA zAbdika artha hotA hai--tIrya kA kartA arthAt banAne vaalaa| 'tIrtha' zabda kA jaina-paribhASA ke anusAra mukhya artha hai--dharma / saMsArasamudra se prAtmA ko tirAnevAlA ekamAtra ahiMsA evaM satya Adi dharma hI hai| ataH dharma ko tIrtha kahanA zabda-zAstra kI dRSTi se upayukta hI hai| tIrthakara apane samaya meM saMsArasAgara se pAra karanevAle dharma-tIrya kI sthApanA karate haiM, ataH ve tIrthaMkara kahalAte haiN| dharma ke AcaraNa karanevAle sAdhu, sAdhvI, zrAvaka (gRhastha puruSa) aura zrAvikA (gRhastha strIrUpa) caturvidhasaMgha ko bhI gauNa dRSTi se tIrtha kahA jAtA hai| ata: caturvidha dharma-saMgha kI sthApanA karanevAle mahApuruSoM ko tIrthakara kahate haiN| jaba-jaba saMsAra meM adharma kA, atyAcAra kA rAjya hotA hai, prajA durAcAroM se utpIDita ho jAtI hai, logoM meM dhArmika-bhAvanA kSIga hokara pApa-bhAvanA jora pakar3a letI hai, tabatava saMsAra meM tIrthaMkara jaise mahApuruSoM kA avataraNa hotA hai| aura, saMsAra kI moha-mAyA kA parityAga kara, tyAga aura vairAgya kI akhaMDa sAdhanA meM rama kara, anekAneka bhayaMkara kaSTa uThAkara, pahale svayaM satya kI pUrNa jyoti kA darzana karate hai--jaina-paribhASA ke anusAra kevalajJAna prApta karate hai, aura phira mAnava-saMsAra ko dharmopadeza dekara use asatya-prapaMca ke caMgula se chur3Ate haiM, satya ke patha para lagAte haiM aura saMsAra meM pUrNa sukha-zAnti kA prAdhyAtmika sAmrAjya sthApita karate haiN| tIrthaMkaroM ke zAsanakAla meM prAyaH Asanna bhavya strI-puruSa apane Apa ko pahacAna lete haiM, aura 'svayaM sukha pUrvaka jInA, dUsaroM ko sukha pUrvaka jIne denA tathA dUsaroM ko sukha pUrvaka jIte rahane ke lie apane sukhoM kI kucha bhI paravAha na karake adhika-se-adhika sahAyatA denA'---ukta mahAn siddhAnta ko apane jIvana meM utAra lete haiN| astu tIrthakara vaha hai, jo saMsAra ko sacce dharma kA upadeza detA hai, prAdhyAtmika tathA gatika patana kI pora le jAne 1. dekhie, bauddha sAhitya kA 'laMkAvatAra sUtra' / tIrthakara : mukti-paya kA prastotA Jain Education Intemational
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________________ vAle pApAcAroM se bacAtA hai / saMsAra ko bhautika sukhoM kI lAlasA se haTAkara prAdhyAtmika sukhoM kA premI banAtA hai / aura, banAtA hai naraka svarUpa unmatta evaM vikSipta saMsAra ko 'satyaM zivaM sundaram' kA svarga ! tIrthaMkara kI vizeSa vyAkhyA apekSita hai| tIrthaMkara kA mUla artha hai-- tIrtha kA nirmAtA / jisake dvArA saMsArarUpa mohamAyA kA mahAnada suvidhA ke sAtha tirA jAe, vaha dharma, tIrtha kahalAtA hai / saMskRta bhASA meM ghATa ke lie bhI 'tIrtha' zabda prayukta hotA hai / ataH ye ghATa ke banAnevAle tairAka, loka meM tIrthaMkara kahalAte haiN| hamAre tIrthaMkara bhagavAn bhI isI prakAra ghATa ke nirmAtA the, ataH tIrthaMkara kahalAte the / Apa jAnate haiM, yaha saMsArarUpI nadI kitanI bhayaMkara hai ! krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha Adi ke hajAroM vikArarUpa magaramaccha, bha~vara ra garta haiM isameM, jinheM pAra karanA sahaja nahIM hai / sAdhAraNa sAdhaka ina vikAroM ke bha~vara meM pha~sa jAte haiM, aura DUba jAte haiN| parantu tIrthaMkara devoM ne sarva-sAdhAraNa sAdhakoM kI suvidhA ke lie dharma kA ghATa banA diyA hai, sadAcArarUpI vidhi-vidhAnoM kI eka nizcita yojanA taiyAra kara dI hai, jisase koI bhI sAdhaka suvidhA ke sAtha isa bhISaNa nadI ko pAra kara sakatA hai / tIrtha kA artha pula bhI hai| binA pula ke nadI se pAra honA bar3e-se-bar3e balavAn ke lie bhI azakya hai; parantu pula bana jAne para sAdhAraNa, durbala evaM rogI yAtrI bhI bar3e prAnanda se pAra ho sakatA hai / aura to kyA, nanhIM sI cIMTI bhI idhara se udhara pAra ho sakatI hai / hamAre tIrthaMkara vastutaH saMsAra kI nadI ko pAra karane ke lie dharma kA tIrtha banA gae haiM. pula banA gae haiM, sAdhu, sAdhvI, zrAvaka aura zrAvikA - rUpa catuvidha saMgha kI dharma-sAdhanA, saMsAra sAgara se pAra hone ke lie pula hai / apane sAmarthya ke anusAra inameM se kisI bhI pula para car3hie, kisI bhI dharma-sAdhanA ko apanAie grApa usa pAra ho jAe~ge / Apa prazna kara sakate haiM ki isa prakAra dharma tIrtha kI sthApanA karanevAle to bhArataaf meM sarvaprathama zrI RSabhadeva bhagavAn hue the; ataH ve hI tIrthaMkara kahalAne caahie| dUsare tIrthaMkaroM ko tIrthaMkara kyoM kahA jAtA hai ? uttara meM nivedana hai ki pratyeka tIrthaMkara apane yuga meM pracalita dharma-paramparA meM samayAnusAra parivartana karatA hai, ataH naye tIrtha kA nirmANa karatA hai| purAne ghATa jaba kharAba ho jAte haiM, taba nayA ghATa banAyA jAtA hai na ? isI prakAra purAne dhArmika vidhAnoM meM vikRti grA jAne ke bAda naye tIrthaGkara, saMsAra ke samakSa naye dhArmika vidhAnoM kI yojanA upasthita karate haiM / dharma kA mUla prANa vahI hotA hai, kevala kriyAkANDa-rUpa zarIra badala dete haiM / jaina samAja prArambha se, kevala dharma kI mUla bhAvanAoM para vizvAsa karatA AyA hai, na ki purAne zabdoM aura purAnI paddhatiyoM para / jaina tIrthaMkaroM kA zAsana-bheda, udAharaNa ke lie, bhagavAn pArzvanAtha aura bhagavAn mahAvIra kA zAsanabheda, merI uparyukta mAnyatA ke lie jvalanta pramANa hai / praSTAdaza doSa : jaina-dharma meM mAnava-jIvana kI durbalatA ke prarthAt manuSya kI apUrNatA ke sUcaka nimnokta aThAraha doSa mAne gae haiM- 1. mithyAtva = asatya vizvAsa, viparIta dRSTi / ajJAna:- mithyAtvagrasta kujJAna / 2. 3. krodha / 4. mAna / 5. mAyA kapaTa 1 6. lobha / 7. 26 Jain Education Intemational rati mana pasanda manojJa vastu ke milane para harSa / arati manojJa vastu ke milane para kSobha / pannA samikkha dhammaM
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________________ 6. nidrA-supta cetnaa| 10. shok| 11. alIka-jhUTha ! 12. caurya =corii| 13. mtsrddaah| 14. bhy| 15. hiNsaa| 16. rAga-prAsakti / 17. krIr3A khela-tamAzA, naac-rNg| 18. hAsya-ha~sI-majAka / jaba taka manuSya ina aThAraha doSoM se sarvathA mukta nahIM hotA, taba taka vaha AdhyAtmika zuddhi ke pUrNa vikAsa ke pada para nahIM pahu~ca sktaa| jyoM hI vaha aThAraha doSoM se mukta hotA hai, tyoM hI prAtma-zuddhi ke mahAn U~ce zikhara para pahu~ca jAtA hai aura kevalajJAna evaM kevaladarzana ke dvArA samasta vizva kA jJAtA-draSTA bana jAtA hai| tIrthaMkara bhagavAn ukta aThAraha doSoM se sarvathA rahita hote haiN| eka bhI doSa, unake jIvana meM nahIM rhtaa| tIrthaMkara IzvarIya avatAra nahIM : jaina tIrthaMkaroM ke sambandha meM kucha loga bahuta bhrAnta dhAraNAe~ rakhate haiN| unakA kahanA hai ki jaina apane tIrthaMkaroM ko Izvara kA avatAra mAnate haiN| maiM una bandhuoM se kaha~gA ki ve bhUla meM haiN| jaina-dharma IzvaravAdI nahIM hai| vaha saMsAra ke kartA, dhartA aura saMhartA kisI eka Izvara ko nahIM maantaa| usakI yaha mAnyatA nahIM hai ki hajAroM bhujAoM vAlA, duSToM kA nAza karane vAlA, bhaktoM kA pAlana karane vAlA, sarvathA parokSa koI eka Izvara hai| aura vaha yathAsamaya trasta saMsAra para dayAbhAva lAkara go-loka, satya-loka yA vaikuNTha dhAma aAdi se daur3akara saMsAra meM AtA hai, kisI ke yahA~ janma letA hai aura phira lIlA dikhAkara vApasa lauTa jAtA hai| athavA jahA~ kahIM bhI hai, vahIM se baiThA huA saMsAra-ghaTikA kI sUI phera detA hai aura manacAhA bajA detA hai "bhrAmayan sarvabhUtAni, yantrArUDhAni maayyaa|" --gItA, 18/61 jana-dharma meM manuSya se bar3hakara aura koI dUsarA mahAn prANI nahIM hai| jaina-zAstroM meM Apa jahA~ kahIM bhI dekheMge, manuSyoM ko sambodhana karate hue devANuppiya' zabda kA prayoga paaeNge| ukta sambodhana kA yaha bhAvArtha hai ki 'deva-saMsAra' bhI manuSya ke Age tuccha hai| vaha bhI manaSya ke prati prema, zraddhA evaM Adara kA bhAva rakhatA hai| manaSya asIma tathA ananta zaktiyoM kA bhaMDAra hai| vaha dUsare zabdoM meM svayaMsiddha Izvara hai, parantu saMsAra kI moha-mAyA ke kAraNa karma-mala se AcchAdita hai, ata: bAdaloM se DhaMkA huA sUrya hai, jo samyak-rUpa se apanA prakAza nahIM prasArita kara sktaa| parantu jyoM hI vaha hoza meM AtA hai, apane vAstavika svarUpa ko pahacAnatA hai, durguNoM ko tyAgakara sadguNoM ko apanAtA hai; to dhIre-dhIre nirmala, zuddha evaM svaccha hotA calA jAtA hai, eka dina jagamagAtI huI anaMta zaktiyoM kA prakAza prApta kara mAnavatA ke pUrNa vikAsa kI koTi para pahu~ca jAtA hai aura sarvajJa, sarvadarzI, arhanta, paramAtmA, zuddha, buddha bana jAtA hai / tadanantara jIvanmukta dazA meM saMsAra ko satya kA prakAza detA hai aura anta meM nirvANa pAkara mokSa-dazA meM sadA ke lie amara-avinAzI-jaina-paribhASA meM siddha ho jAtA hai| tIrthaMkara : mukti-paya kA prastotA 26 Jain Education Intemational
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________________ astu, tIrthakara bhI manuSya hI hote haiN| ve koI ajIba, adbhuta daivI sRSTi ke prANI, Izvara, avatAra yA Izvara ke aMza jaise kucha nahIM hote| eka dina ve bhI hamArI-tumhArI taraha hI vAsanAoM ke gulAma the, pApa-mala se lipta the, saMsAra ke duHkha, zoka, Adhi-vyAdhi se saMtrasta the| satya kyA hai, asatya kyA hai-yaha unheM kucha bhI patA nahIM thaa| indriya-sukha hI ekamAtra dhyeya thA, usI kI kalpanA ke pIche anAdi-kAla se nAnA prakAra ke kleza uThAte, janma-maraNa ke jhaMjhAvAta meM cakkara khAte ghUma rahe the| parantu apUrva puSyodaya se satpuruSoM kA saMga milA, caitanya aura jar3a kA bheda samajhA, bhautika evaM AdhyAtmika sukha kA mahAn antara dhyAna meM pAyA, phalataH saMsAra kI vAsanAoM se muha mor3a kara satya-patha ke pathika bana ge| Atma-saMyama kI sAdhanA meM pUrva ke aneka janmoM se hI Age bar3hate gae aura anta meM eka dina vaha pAyA ki prAtma-svarUpa kI pUrNa upalabdhi unheM ho gii| jJAna kI jyoti jagamagAI aura ve arhanta evaM tIrthaMkara ke rUpa meM prakaTa ho ge| usa janma meM bhI yaha nahIM ki kisI rAjAmahArAjA ke yahA~ janma liyA aura vayaska hone para bhoga-vilAsa karate hue hI tIrthakara ho gae / unheM bhI rAjya-dai bhana chor3anA hotA hai, pUrNa ahiMsA, pUrNa satya, pUrNa asteya, pUrNa brahmacarya aura pUrNa aparigraha kI sAdhanA meM nirantara jaTA rahanA hotA hai, pUrNa virakta mani banakara ekA nirjana sthAnoM meM prAtma-manana karanA hotA hai| aneka prakAra ke prAdhibhautika, Adhidaivika evaM AdhyAtmika duHkhoM ko pUrNa zAnti ke sAtha sahana kara prANApaharI zatru para bhI antarha daya se dayAmRta' kA zItala jharanA bahAnA hotA hai, taba kahIM pApa-mala se mukti hone para kevalajJAna aura kebaladarzana kI prApti ke dvArA tIrthakara pada prApta hotA hai| tIrthaMkara kA punarAgamana nahIM : bahuta se sthAnoM meM janetara bandhuoM dvArA yaha zaMkA sAmane AtI hai ki "jainoM me 24 Izvara yA deva haiM, jo pratyeka kAla-cakra meM bArI-bArI se janma lete haiM aura dharmopadeza dekara punaH antardhAna ho jAte haiN|" isa zaMkA kA samAdhAna kucha to pahale hI kara diyA gayA hai| phira bhI spaSTa zabdoM meM yaha bAta batalA denA cAhatA hU~---jaina-dharma meM aisA avatAravAda nahIM mAnA gayA hai| prathama to avatAra zabda hI jaina-paribhASA kA nahIM hai| yaha eka vaiSNavaparamparA kA zabda hai, jo usakI mAnyatA ke anusAra viSNu ke bAra-bAra janma lene ke rUpa meM rAma, kRSNa Adi satpuruSoM ke lie pAyA hai| Age calakara yaha mAtra mahApuruSa kA dyotaka raha gayA aura isI kAraNa Ajakala ke jaina-bandhu bhI kisI ke pUchane para jhaTapaTa apane yahA~ 24 avatAra batA dete haiM, aura tIrthaMkaroM ko avatAra kaha dete haiN| parantu isake pIche kisI eka vyakti ke dvArA bAra-bAra janma lene kI bhrAnti bhI calI grAI hai: jisako lekara abodha janatA meM yaha vizvAsa phaila gayA hai ki 24 tIrthakaroM kI mUla saMkhyA eka zaktivizeSa ke rUpa meM nizcita hai aura vahI mahAzakti pratyeka kAla-cakra meM bAra-bAra janma letI hai, saMsAra kA uddhAra karatI hai aura phira apane sthAna meM jA kara virAjamAna ho jAtI hai| jaina-dharma meM mokSa prApta karane ke bAda saMsAra meM punarAgamana nahIM mAnA jaataa| vizva kA pratyeka niyama kArya-kAraNa ke rUpa meM sambaddha hai| binA kAraNa ke kabhI kArya nahIM ho sktaa| bIja hogA, tabhI aMkura ho sakatA hai; dhAgA hogA, tabhI vastra bana sakatA hai| AvAgamana kA, janma-maraNa pAne kA kAraNa karma hai, aura vaha mokSa avasthA meM nahIM rahatA / ataH koI bhI vicArazIla sajjana samajha sakatA hai jo prAtmA karma-mala se makta hokara mokSa pA cukI, vaha phira saMsAra meM kaise A sakatI hai ? bIja tabhI utpanna ho sakatA hai, jaba taka ki vaha bhunA nahIM hai, nirjIva nahIM huA hai| jaba bIja eka bAra bhuna gayA, to phira kabhI bhI usase aMkura utpanna nahIM ho sktaa| janma-maraNa ke aMkura kA bIja karma hai / jaba use tapazcaraNa Adi dharma-kriyAoM se jalA diyA, to phira janma-maraNa kA aMkura kaise phUTegA? prAcArya, umAsvAti ne apane tattvArtha bhASya meM, isa sambandha meM kyA hI acchA kahA Jain Education Tntemational pannA samikkhae dhamma
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________________ "dagdha bIje yathA'tyantaM, prAdurbhavati naaNkurH| karma-bIje tathA dagdhe, na rohati bhvaaNkurH|| bahuta dUra calA pAyA hU~; parantu viSaya ko spaSTa karane ke lie itanA vistAra ke sAtha likhanA Avazyaka bhI thaa| aba Apa acchI taraha samajha gae hoMge ki jaina tIrthaMkara mukta ho jAte hai, phalataH ve saMsAra meM duvArA nahIM paate| astu, pratyeka kAlacakra meM jo 24 tIrthaMkara hote haiM, ve saba pRthaka-pRthak prAtmA hote haiM, eka nhiiN| tIrthaMkaroM evaM anya mukta-prAtmAoM meM antara : aba eka aura gambhIra prazna hai, jo prAyaH hamAre sAmane AyA karatA hai| kucha loga kahate haiM--- jaina apane 24 tIrthaMkaroM ko hI mukta honA mAnate haiM aura koI inake yahA~ mukta nahIM hote|' yaha bilkula hI bhrAnta dhAraNA hai| isameM satya kA kucha bhI aMza nahIM hai| tIrthaMkaroM ke atirikta anya prAtmAe~ bhI mukta hotI haiN| jaina-dharma kisI eka vyakti, jAti yA samAja ke adhikAra meM hI mukti kA ThekA nahIM rkhtaa| usakI udAra dRSTi meM to hara koI manuSya, cAhe vaha kisI bhI deza, jAti, samAja yA dharma kA kyoM na ho, jo apane Apa ko burAiyoM se bacAtA hai, AtmA ko ahiMsA, kSamA, satya, zIla Adi sadguNoM se pavitra banAtA hai, vaha ananta-jJAna kA prakAza prApta karake mukta ho sakatA hai| tIrthakaroM kI tathA aura anya makta hone vAle mahAna AtmAoM kI AMtarika zaktiyoM meM koI bheda nahIM hai| kevalajJAna, kevaladarzana Adi Atmika zaktiyA~ sabhI mukta hone vAle arhantoM meM samAna hotI haiN| jo kucha bheda hai, vaha dharma-pracAra kI maulika dRSTi kA aura anya yogasambandhI adbhuta zaktiyoM kA hai| tIrthakara mahAn dharma-pracAraka hote haiM, ve apane advitIya tejobala se ajJAna evaM andha-vizvAsoM kA andhakAra chinna-bhinna kara dete haiM aura eka prakAra se jIrNa-zIrNa, gale-sar3e mAnava-saMsAra kI kAyA-palaTa kara DAlate haiN| unakI yoga-sambandhI zaktiyA~ arthAt siddhiyA~ bhI bar3I hI adbhuta hotI haiN| unakA zarIra pUrNa svastha evaM nirmala rahatA hai, makha ke zvAsa-ucchavAsa sugandhita hote haiN| varAnabaddha janmajAta virodhI prANI bhI upadeza zravaNa kara zAnta ho jAte haiN| unakI upasthiti meM dubhikSa evaM ativRSTi Adi upadrava nahIM hote. mahAmArI bhI nahIM hotii| unake prabhAva se roga-grasta prANiyoM ke roga bhI dUra ho jAte haiN| unakI bhASA meM vaha camatkAra hotA hai-.-kyA prArya aura kyA anArya manuSya, kyA pazu-pakSI, sabhI unakI divya-vANI kA bhAvArtha samajha lete haiN| isa prakAra aneka lokopakArI siddhiyoM ke svAmI tIrthaMkara hote haiM, jabaki dUsare mukta hone vAle jIva-aAtmA aise nahIM hote| arthAt na to ve tIrthakara jaise mahAn dharma-pracAraka hI hote haiM, aura na itanI alaukika yogasiddhiyoM ke svAmI hI / sAdhAraNa mukta jIva ahaMda-bhAva meM pratiSThita ho kara apanA antima vikAsa-lakSya avazya prApta kara lete haiM, parantu janatA para tIrthakara ke samAna apanA cirasthAyI evaM akSuNNa AdhyAtmika prabhutva nahIM jamA paate| yahI eka vizeSatA hai, jo tIrthakara aura mukta prAtmAoM meM bheda karatI hai| prastuta viSaya ke sAtha yaha spaSTa kara denA Avazyaka hai ki uparivaNita yaha bheda mAtra jIvanmukta-dazA meM arthAt dehadhArI avasthA meM hI hai| mokSa prApti ke bAda siddhadazA meM koI bhI bhedabhAva nahIM rhtaa| vahA~ tIrthaMkara aura anya mukta prAtmA, sabhI eka hI svarUpa meM rahate hai / kyoMki jaba taka jIvAtmA jIvana-mukta dazA meM rahatA hai, taba taka to prArabdha-karma kA bhoga bAkI hI rahatA hai, ataH usake kAraNa jIvana meM bheda rahatA hai| parantu deha-mukta dazA hone para mokSa meM to koI bhI karma avaziSTa nahIM rahatA, phalataH karma-janya bheda-bhAva bhI nahIM rhtaa| tIrthaMkara : mukti-patha kA prastotA Jain Education Interational
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________________ vartamAna kAlacaka ke caubIsa tIrthaMkara : vartamAna kAla-pravAha meM caubIsa tIrthaMkara hue haiN| prAcIna dharma-granthoM meM caubIsoM hI tIrthaMkaroM kA vistRta jIvana caritra milatA hai / parantu yahA~ vistAra meM na jAkara saMkSepa meM caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kA paricaya prastuta hai / 1. RSabhadeva : bhagavAn RSabhadeva sarvaprathama tIrthaMkara the / unakA janma mAnava sabhyatA ke prAdikAla yugaliyoM ke bhogapradhAna zrakarma-yuga meM huA thA, jaba manuSya vRkSoM ke nIce rahate the aura vanaphala tathA kandamUla khAkara jIvana yApana karate the| unake pitA kA nAma nAbhirAjA zraura mAtA kA nAma marudevI thA / unhoMne yuvAvasthA meM karma pradhAna Arya sabhyatA kI nIMva DAlI / puruSoM ko bahattara aura striyoM ko causaTha kalAe~ sikhaaiiN| rAjanIti, kRSi, vyApAra, udyoga Adi kA zikSaNa de kara mAtra prakRti para grAzrita mAnava jAti ko apane puruSArtha evaM karma para khar3A kiyaa| jaina- purANoM ke anusAra kozala deza meM ayodhyA - vinItA nagarI kI sthApanA bhI RSabhadeva ne kii| ve vivAhita hue| bAda meM rAjya tyAgakara dIkSA grahaNa kI aura kaivalya prApta kiyA / bhagavAn RSabhadeva kA janma, caitrakRSNA aSTamI ko aura nirvANamokSa, mAgha kRSNA trayodazI ko huaa| unakI nirvANa-bhUmi praSTApada ( kailAza ) parvata hai / Rgveda, viSNupurANa, agnipurANa, bhAgavata grAdi vaidika sAhitya meM bhI unakA guNa-kIrtana kiyA gayA hai| 2. ajitanAtha : bhagavAn ajitanAtha dUsare tIrthaMkara the| unakA janma ayodhyA nagarI meM ikSvAkuvaMzIya kSatriya samrAT jitazatru rAjA ke yahA~ huaa| mAtA kA nAma vijayAdevI thA / bhAratavarSa ke dUsare cakravartI sagara inake cAcA sumitravijaya ke putra the / bhagavAn ajitanAtha kA janma mAghazuklA aSTamI ko aura nirvANa caitrazuklA paMcamI ko huyA / unakI nirvANa-bhUmi sammetazikhara hai, jo Ajakala dakSiNa- bihAra meM pArasanAtha pahAr3a ke nAma se prasiddha hai / 3. saMbhavanAtha : bhagavAn saMbhavanAtha tIsare tIrthaMkara the / unakA janma uttara pradeza meM zrAvastI nagarI meM huA thaa| pitA kA nAma ikSvAkuvaMzIya mahArAjA jitAri aura mAtA kA nAma senAdevI thaa| unhoMne pUrva janma meM vipulavAhana rAjA ke rUpa meM akAlagrasta prajA kA pAlana kiyA thA aura apanA saba kopa dInoM ke hitArtha luTA diyA thA / bhagavAn saMbhavanAtha kA janma mArgazIrSa zuklA caturdazI ko aura nirvANa caitrazuklA paMcamI ko huA / inakI bhI nirvANa-bhUmi sammetazikhara hai / 4. abhinaMdana : bhagavAn abhinaMdananAtha cauthe tIrthaMkara the| inakA janma ayodhyA nagarI ke ikSvAkuvaMzIya rAjA saMbara ke yahA~ huA thaa| mAtA kA nAma siddhArthA thA / bhagavAn grabhinaMdananAtha kA janma mAghazukla dvitIyA ko aura nirvANa vaizAkhaguklA aSTamI ko huA thaa| inakI nirvANabhUmi bhI sammetazikhara hai| 5. sumatinAtha : bhagavAn sumatinAtha pA~caveM tIrthaMkara the| unakA janma ayodhyA nagarI ( kauzalapurI) meM huA thaa| unake pitA mahArAjA megharatha aura mAtA sumaMgalAdevI thIM / bhagavAn sumatinAtha kA janma vaizAkhazuklA bhraSTamI ko tathA nirvANa caitrazuklA navamI ko huA thA / nirvANa pannA samikar dhammaM 32 .
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________________ bhUmi sammetazikhara hai| ve jaba garbha meM pAe, taba mAtA kI buddhi bahuta zreSTha aura tIvra ho gaI thI, ataH unakA nAma sumatinAtha rakhA gayA / 6. padmaprabhaH bhagavAn padmaprabha chaThe tIrthakara the| unakA janma vatsa deza meM kauzAmbI nagarI ke rAjA zrIdhara ke yahA~ huA thaa| mAtA kA nAma susImA thaa| janma kArtikakRSNA dvAdazI ko aura nirvANa mArgazIrSa kRSNA ekAdazI ko huA thaa| nirvANa-bhUmi sammetazikhara hai| 7. supArzvanAtha : bhagavAn supArzvanAtha sAtaveM tIrthaMkara the| unakI janmabhUmi kAzI (vArANasI), pitA rAjA pratiSThena aura mAtA pRthvI thiiN| ApakA janma jyeSThazuklA dvAdazI ko aura nirvANa bhAdrapada kRSNA saptamI ko huA thA / nirvANa-bhUmi sammetazikhara hI hai| 8. candraprabha: . bhagavAn candraprabha pAThaveM tIrthaMkara the| unakI janmabhUmi candrapurI nagarI thii| pitA rAjA mahAsena aura mAtA lakSmaNA thiiN| bhagavAn candraprabha kA janma pauSazuklA dvAdazI ko aura nirvANa bhAdrapada kRSNA saptamI ko huA thaa| nirvANa-bhUmi sammetazikhara hai| 6. suvidhinAtha : bhagavAn suvidhinAtha (puSpadanta) nauveM tIrthaMkara the| unakI janmabhUmi kAkandI nagarI thii| pitA rAjA sugrIva evaM mAtA rAmAdevI thiiN| ApakA janma mArgazIrSa kRSNA paMcamI ko aura nirvANa bhAdrapada zuklA navamI ko huA thaa| nirvANa-bhUmi sammetazikhara hai| 10. zItalanAtha : bhagavAn zItalanAtha dazaveM tIrthaMkara the| unakI janmabhUmi bhahilapura nagarI thii| pitA rAjA dRr3haratha aura mAtA nandArAnI thiiN| ApakA janma mAvakRSNA dvAdazI ko aura nirvANa vaizAkha-kRSNA dvitIyA ko huA thaa| nirvANa-bhUmi sammetazikhara hai| 11. zreyAMsanAtha : bhagavAn zreyAMsanAtha gyArahaveM tIrthaMkara the| unakI janmabhUmi vArANasI ke pAsa siMhapura nagarI thii| pitA rAjA viSNusena aura mAtA viSNudevI thiiN| ApakA janma' phAlgunakRSNA dvAdazI ko aura nirvANa zrAvaNakRSNA tRtIyA ko huA thaa| nirvANa-bhUmi sammetazikhara hai| aisA kahA jAtA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne pUrva-janma meM tripRSTha vAsudeva ke rUpa meM bhagavAn zreyAMsanAthajI ke caraNoM meM upadeza prApta kiyA thaa| 12 vAsupUjya: bhagavAn vAsupUjya bArahaveM tIrthaMkara the| unakI janmabhUmi campA nagarI thii| pitA rAjA vAsupUjya aura mAtA jayAdevI thiiN| ApakA janma phAlguna kRSNA caturdazI ko aura nirvANa ASAr3ha zuklA caturdazI ko huA thaa| nirvANa-bhUmi campA nagarI hai / ve Ajanma bAlabrahmacArI rahe, vivAha nahIM kiyaa| 13 vimalanAtha : ___ bhagavAn vimalanAtha terahaveM tIrthaMkara the| unakI janmabhUmi pAMcAla deza meM kampilapura nagarI thii| pitA rAjA kartR varma aura mAtA zyAmAdevI thiiN| ApakA janma mAgha zuklA tRtIyA aura nirvANa ASAr3ha-kRSNA saptamI ko huA thaa| nirvANa-bhUmi sammetazikhara hai| tIrthaMkara : mukti-patha kA prastotA 33 Jain Education Intemational
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________________ 14 anantanAtha : bhagavAn anantanAtha caudahaveM tIrthaMkara the| unakI janma-bhUmi ayodhyA nagarI thii| pitA rAjA siMhasena aura mAtA suyazA thiiN| ApakA janma vaizAkha kRSNA tRtIyA ko aura nirvANa caitra zuklA paMcamI ko huA thaa| nirvANa-bhUmi sammetazikhara hai| 15 dharmanAtha : bhagavAn dharmanAtha pandrahaveM tIrthaMkara the| unakI janmabhUmi ratnapura nAmaka nagarI thii| pitA bhAnurAjA aura mAtA suvratA thiiN| ApakA janma mAgha zuklA tRtIyA ko aura nirvANa jyeSTha zuklA paMcamI ko huA thaa| nirvANa-bhUmi sammetazikhara hai| 16 zAntinAtha : bhagavAn zAntinAtha solahaveM tIrthaMkara the| ApakA janma hastinAgapura, Aja ke hathinApura ke rAjA vizvasena kI acirA rAnI se huaa| ApakA janma jyeSThakRSNA trayodazI ko aura nirvANa bhI isI tithi ko huaa| nirvANa-bhUmi sammetazikhara hai| bhagavAna zAntinAtha bhArata ke 12 cakravatiyoM meM paMcama cakravartI rAjA bhI the| aisA kahA jAtA hai ki inake janma lene para deza meM phailI huI magI roga kI mahAmArI zAnta ho gaI thI, isalie mAtApitA ne inakA nAma zAntinAtha rakhA thaa| ye bahuta hI dayAlu prakRti ke the| aisI kathA milatI hai ki pahale janma meM jabaki ve megharatha rAjA the, kabUtara kI rakSA ke lie usake badale meM bAja ko apane zarIra kA mAMsa kATa kara de diyA thaa| 17 kunthunAtha : bhagavAn kunthunAtha satarahaveM tIrthaMkara the| unakA janma-sthAna hastinAgapura hai| pitA sUrarAjA aura mAtA zrIdevI thiiN| ApakA janma vaizAkha kRSNA caturdazI aura nirvANa vaizAkha kRSNA pratipadA (ekama) ko huA thaa| nirvANa-bhUmi sammetazikhara hai| bhagavAn kunthunAtha bhArata ke chaThe cakravartI rAjA bhI the| 18 aranAtha: ___bhagavAn aranAtha aThArahaveM tIrthakara the| unakA janma-sthAna hastinAgapura hai, pitA rAjA sudarzana aura mAtA zrIdevI thiiN| ApakA janma mArgazIrSa zuklA dazamI aura nirvANa bhI mArgazIrSa zuklA dazamI ko hI huA thaa| nirvANa-bhUmi sammetazikhara hai| bhagavAn aranAtha bhArata ke sAtaveM cakravartI rAjA bhI the| 16 mallinAtha : ___ bhagavAn mallinAtha unnIsaveM tIrthaMkara the| unakA janma-sthAna videhadeza kI rAjadhAnI mithilA nagarI hai| pitA kumbharAjA aura mAtA prabhAvatIdevI thiiN| ApakA janma mArgazIrSazuklA ekAdazI ko aura nirvANa phAlguna zuklA dvAdazI ko sammetazikhara para huaa| ye vartamAnakAla ke caubIsa tIrthaGkaroM meM strI-tIrthaGkara the| unhoMne vivAha nahIM kiyA, prAjanma brahmacArI rhe| strI zarIra hote hue bhI unhoMne bahuta vyApaka bhramaNa kara dharma-pracAra kiyaa| cAlIsa hajAra muni aura pacapana hajAra sAdhviyA~ inake ziSya hue| tathA inake eka lAkha unyAsI hajAra zrAvaka aura tIna lAkha sattara hajAra zrAvikAe~ thiiN| 20 munisuvratanAtha : bhagavAn munisuvratanAtha bIsaveM tIrthaMkara the| unakI janmabhUmi magadha deza meM rAjagRha nagarI thii| pitA harivaMza-kulotpanna rAjA sumitra aura mAtA padmAvatIdevI thiiN| ApakA pannA samikkhae dhamma Jain Education Interational
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________________ janma jyeSTha kRSNA aSTamI aura nirvANa jyeSTha kRSNA navamI ko huA / nirvANa-bhUmi sammetazikhara hai| 21 naminAtha : bhagavAn naminAtha ikkIsaveM tIrthaMkara the| inakI janmabhUmi mithilA nagarI thii| kucha prAcArya mathurA nagarI batAte haiM / pitA rAjA vijayasena aura mAtA vaprAdevI thiiN| ApakA janma zrAvaNa kRSNA aSTamI aura nirvANa vaizAkha kRSNA dazamI ko huaa| nirvANabhUmi sammeta-zikhara hai| 22 neminAtha : bhagavAn neminAtha bAisaveM tIrthaMkara the| inakA dUsarA nAma ariSTanemi bhI thaa| ApakI janmabhUmi AgarA ke pAsa zaurIpura nagara hai| pitA yaduvaMza ke rAjA samudravijaya aura mAtA zivAdevI thii| ApakA janma zrAvaNazuklA paMcamI aura nirvANa ASADhazuklA aSTamI ko huA / nirvANa-bhUmi saurASTra meM giranAra parvata hai, jise purAne yuga meM revatagiri bhI kahate the| bhagavAn ariSTanemi karmayogI zrIkRSNacandra ke tAU ke putra bhAI the| zrIkRSNa ne bhagavAn neminAtha se dharmopadeza sunA thaa| inakA vivAha-sambandha mahArAjA ugrasena kI suputrI rAjImatI se nizcita huaA thA, kintu vivAha ke avasara para barAtiyoM ke bhojana ke lie pazu-vadha hotA dekha kara inakA hRdaya karuNA se dravita ho uThA, phalataH inhoMne vivAha nahIM kiyA aura vApasa lauTa kara muni bana ge| 23 pArzvanAtha : bhagavAn pArzvanAtha teIsaveM tIrthaMkara the| ApakI janmabhUmi vArANasI (banArasa') hai| pitA rAjA azvasena aura mAtA vAmAdevI thiiN| ApakA janma pauSa kRSNA dazamI aura nirvANa zrAvaNa zuklA aSTamI ko huA / nirvANa-bhUmi sammetazikhara hai| Apane kamaTha tapasvI ko bodha diyA thA aura usakI dhUnI meM se jalate hue nAga ko bacAyA thaa| 24 mahAvIra : bhagavAn mahAvIra caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara the| unakI janmabhUmi vaizAlI (kSatriya kuNDa -samprati vAsukuNDa) hai| Apake pitA rAjA siddhArtha aura mAtA trizalAdevI thiiN| ApakA janma caitrazuklA trayodazI aura nirvANa kArtika kRSNA paMdarasa (divAlI) ko huprA / nirvANabhUmi pAvApurI hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra bar3e hI utkRSTa tyAgI puruSa the| bhAratavarSa meM sarvatra phaile hue hiMsAmaya yajJoM kA niSedha karake dayA aura prema kA pracAra kiyaa| bauddha-sAhitya meM bhI unake jIvana se sambandhita aneka ullekha milate haiN| tathAgata mahAtmA buddha mahAzramaNa mahAvIra ke samakAlIna the| vartamAna meM zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra kA hI zAsana cala rahA hai| svayaM-sambaddha :: tIrthaMkara bhagavAn svayaM-sambuddha kahalAte haiN| svayaM-sambaddha kA artha hai--apane-Apa prabuddha hone vAle, bodha pAne vAle, jagane vAle / hajAroM loga aise haiM, jo jagAne para bhI nahIM jgte| unakI ajJAna nidrA atyanta gaharI hotI hai| kucha loga aise hote haiM, jo svayaM to nahIM jaga sakate, parantu dUsaroM ke dvArA jagAe jAne para avazya jaga uThate haiN| yaha zreNI sAdhAraNa sAdhakoM kI hai| tIsarI zreNI una puruSoM kI hai, jo svayameva samaya para jAga jAte haiM, mohamAyA kI nidrA tyAga dete haiM aura moha-nidrA meM prasupta vizva ko bhI apanI eka AvAja se jagA dete haiN| hamAre tIrthakara isI zreNI ke mahApuruSa haiN| tIrthakara deva kisI ke batAye hue pUrva nirdhArita saMyama-sAdhanA patha para nahIM clte| ve apane aura vizva ke tIrthakara : mukti-patha kA prastotA 35 Jain Education Intemational
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________________ utthAna ke lie svayaM apane-aApa apane patha kA nirmANa karate haiN| tIrthakara kA patha-pradarzana karane ke lie na koI guru hotA hai, aura na koI zAstra / vaha svayaM hI apanA patha-pradarzaka guru hai, svayaM hI usa patha kA yAtrI hai| vaha apanA patha svayaM khoja nikAlatA hai| svAvalambana kA yaha mahAn Adarza, tIrthaMkaroM ke jIvana meM kUTa-kUTa kara bharA hotA hai| tIrthaMkara deva purAtana jIrNa-zIrNa haI anupayogI andha aura vyartha paramparAnoM ko chinna-bhinna kara jana-hita ke lie nayI paramparAe~, nayI yojanAe~ sthApita karate haiN| unakI krAnti kA patha svayaM apanA hotA hai, vaha kabhI bhI paramukhApekSI nahIM hote| puruSottama: ____ tIrthaMkara bhagavAn puruSottama hote haiN| puruSottama, arthAt puruSoM meM uttama-zreSTha / bhagavAn ke kyA bAhya aura kyA prAbhyantara-donoM hI prakAra ke guNa alaukika hote haiM, asAdhAraNa hote haiN| bhagavAn kA rUpa tribhuvana-mohaka hotA hai / aura, unakA teja sUrya ko bhI hataprabha banA dene vAlA hai| bhagavAn kA mukhacandra sura-nara-nAga nayana-manohArI hotA aura, unake divya zarIra meM eka-se-eka uttama eka hajAra ATha lakSaNa hote haiM, jo hara kisI darzaka ko unakI mahattA kI sUcanA dete haiN| vajraRSabhanArAca saMhanana kA bala' aura samacaturastra saMsthAna kA saundarya to atyanta hI anUThA hotA hai| bhagavAna ke paramaudArika zarIra ke samakSa devatAoM kA dIptimAna vaikriya zarIra bhI bahuta tuccha evaM nagaNya mAlUma detA hai| yaha to hai bAhya aizvarya kI bAta ! aba jarA antaraMga aizvarya kI bAta bhI mAlUma kara liijie| tIrthaMkara deva ananta catuSTaya ke dhartA hote haiN| unake ananta-jJAna, anantadarzana, ananta Ananda, ananta zakti Adi guNoM kI samatA bhalA dUsare sAdhAraNa devapada-vAcya kahA~ kara sakate haiM ? tIrthakara deva ke apane yuga me koI bhI saMsArI puruSa unake samakakSa nahIM hotaa| puruSasiMha : tIrthakara bhagavAn puruSoM meM siMha hote haiN| siMha eka ajJAnI pazu hai, hiMsaka jIva hai| ataH kahA~ vaha nirdaya evaM krUra pazu aura kahA~ dayA evaM kSamA ke apUrva bhaMDAra bhagavAn ? bhagavAn ko siMha kI upamA denA, kucha ucita nahIM mAlUma detA ! kintu, yaha mAtra ekadezI upamA hai| yahA~ siMha se abhiprAya, siMha kI vIratA aura parAkrama mAtra se hai| jisa prakAra vana meM pazuoM kA rAjA siMha apane bala aura parAkrama ke kAraNa nirbhaya rahatA hai, koI bhI pazu vIratA meM usakI barAbarI nahIM kara sakatA, usI prakAra tIrthaMkara deva bhI saMsAra meM nirbhaya rahate haiM, koI bhI saMsArI vyakti unake Atma-bala aura tapastyAga sambandhI vIratA kI barAbarI nahIM kara sktaa| siMha kI upamA dene kA eka abhiprAya aura bhI ho sakatA hai| vaha yaha ki saMsAra me do prakRti ke manuSya hote haiM-eka kutte kI prakRti ke aura dUsare siMha kI prakRti ke| kutte ko jaba koI lAThI mAratA hai, to vaha lAThI ko muMha meM pakar3atA hai aura samajhatA hai ki lAThI mujhe mAra rahI hai| vaha lAThI mArane vAle ko nahIM kATane daur3atA, lAThI ko kATane daur3atA hai| isI prakAra jaba koI zatra kisI ko satAtA hai, to vaha satAyA jAne vAlA vyakti socatA hai ki yaha merA zatra hai, yaha majhe taMga karatA hai, maiM ise kyoM na naSTa kara daM? vaha usa zava ko zatru banAne vAle antara-mana ke vikAroM ko nahIM dekhatA, unheM naSTa karane kI bAta nahIM soctaa| isake viparIta, siMha kI prakRti lAThI pakar3ane kI nahIM hotI, pratyuta lAThI vAle ko pakar3ane kI hotI hai| saMsAra ke vItarAga mahApuruSa bhI siMha ke samAna apane zatru ko zatru nahIM samajhate, pratyuta unake mana meM sthita vikAroM ko hI zatru samajhate haiN| vastutaH zatrutA paidA karane vAle mana ke vikAra hI to haiN| ataH unakA AkramaNa vyakti para na hokara vyakti ke vikAroM para hotA hai| apane dayA, kSamA prAdi sadguNoM ke prabhAva se dUsaroM ke 36 pannA samikkhae dhamma Jain Education Intemational
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________________ vikAroM ko zAnta karate haiN| phalataH zatru ko bhI mitra banA lete haiN| tIrthakara bhagavAn, ukta vivecana ke prakAza meM puruSa-siMha haiM, puruSoM meM siMha kI vRtti rakhate haiN| puruSavara puNDarIka : tIrthaMkara bhagavAn puruSoM meM zreSTha puNDarIka kamala ke samAna hote haiN| bhagavAna ko puNDarIka kamala kI upamA bar3I hI sundara-sArthaka dI gaI hai| puNDarIkaH zveta-kamala kA nAma hai| dUsare kamaloM kI apekSA zveta-kamala saundarya evaM sugandha meM atIva utkRSTa hotA hai| sampUrNa sarovara eka zveta kamala ke dvArA jitanA sugandhita ho sakatA hai, utanA anya hajAroM kamaloM se nahIM ho sktaa| dUra-dUra se bhramara-vRnda usakI sugandha se AkarSita hokara cale Ate haiM, phalataH kamala ke Asa-pAsa bhaMvaroM kA eka virAT melA-sA lagA rahatA hai| aura idhara kamala binA kisI svArthabhAva ke dina-rAta apanI sugandha vizva ko arpaNa karatA rahatA hai| na use kisI prakAra ke badale kI bhUkha hai, aura na hI koI anya vAsanA / cupacApa mUka sevA karanA hI kamala ke ucca jIvana kA Adarza hai| tIrthaMkaradeva bhI mAnava-sarovara meM sarvazreSTha kamala mAne gae haiN| unake prAdhyAtmika jIvana kI sugandha ananta hotI hai| apane samaya meM ve ahiMsA aura satya Adi sadguNoM kI sugandha sarvatra phailA dete haiN| puNDarIka kI sugandha kA astitva to vartamAna kAlAvacchedena hI hotA hai| kintu tIrthakaradevoM ke jIvana kI sugandha to hajAroM-lAkhoM varSoM bAda Aja bhI bhakta-janatA ke hRdayoM ko mahakA rahI hai| Aja hI nahIM. bhaviSya meM bhI hajAroM varSoM taka isI prakAra mahakAtI rhegii| mahApuruSoM ke jIvana kI asIma ananta sugandha ko na dizA hI avaruddha kara sakatI hai, aura na kAla hii| jisa prakAra puNDarIka zveta hotA hai, usI prakAra bhagavAn kA jIvana bhI rAga, dveSa Adi se mukta vItarAga-bhAva ke kAraNa pUrNatayA nirmala zveta hotA hai| usameM krodhAdi kaSAya-bhAva kA jarA bhI raMga nahIM hotaa| puNDarIka ke samAna bhagavAn bhI nisvArtha bhAva se janatA kA kalyANa karate haiM, unheM kisI se kisI bhI prakAra kI laukika apekSA, sAMsArika vAsanA nahIM hotii| kamala ajJAna abasthA meM aisA karatA hai, jabaki bhagavAn jJAna ke vimala prakAza meM niSkAma-bhAva se janakalyANa kA kArya karate haiN| yaha kamala kI apekSA bhagavAn kI ucca vizeSatA hai| kamala ke pAsa pAma dhamara hI pAte haiM, jabaki tIrthaMkaradeva ke prAdhyAtmika jAvana kAra se prabhAvita hokara vizva ke sabhI bhavya prANI, binA kisI jAti, kula yA deza Adi bheda ke, unake pAvana caraNoM meM upasthita ho jAte haiN| __kamala kI upamA kA eka bhAva aura bhI hai| vaha yaha hai ki bhagavAn saMsAra meM rahate hue bhI saMsAra kI vAsanAoM se pUrNatayA nirlipta rahate haiM, jisa prakAra pAnI se labAlaba bhare hue sarovara meM rahakara bhI kamala pAnI se lipta nahIM hotaa| kamala-patra para pAnI kI eka bhI bUMda apanI rekhA nahIM DAla sktii| kamala kI yaha upamA jaina, bauddha, vaidika Adi prAyaH sabhI viziSTa sampradAyoM meM suprasiddha AdhyAtmika upamA hai| gandha-hastI: bhagavAn puruSoM meM zreSTha gandha-hastI ke samAna haiN| siMha kI upamA vIratA kI sUcaka hai, gandha kI nhiiN| aura puNDarIka kI upamA gandha kI sUcaka hai, vIratA kI nahIM / parantu, gandha-hastI kI upamA sugandha aura vIratA donoM kI sUcanA detI hai| ___gandha-hastI eka mahAn vilakSaNa hastI hotA hai| usake gaNDasthala se sadaiva sugandhita mada jala bahatA rahatA hai aura usa para bhramara-samUha gaMjate rahate haiN| gandha-hastI kI gandha itanI tIvra hotI hai ki yuddhabhUmi meM jAte hI usakI sugandhamAtra se dUsare hajAroM hAthI nasta hokara bhAgane lagate hai, usake samakSa kucha dera ke lie bhI nahIM Thahara paate| yaha gandhahastI tIrthaMkara : mukti-patha kA prastotA Jain Education Intemational
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________________ bhAratIya sAhitya meM bar3A maMgalakArI mAnA gayA hai| yaha jahA~ rahatA hai, usa pradeza meM ativRSTi aura anAvRSTi Adi ke upadrava nahIM hote / sadA subhikSa rahatA hai, kabhI bhI durbhikSa nahIM par3atA / tIrthaMkara bhagavAn bhI mAnava-jAti meM gandha hastI ke samAna haiM / bhagavAn kA pratApa aura teja itanA mahAn hai ki unake samakSa atyAcAra, vaira-virodha, ajJAna aura pAkhaNDa Adi kitane hI bhayaMkara kyoM na hoM, Thahara hI nahIM sakate / cirakAla se phaile hue mithyA vizvAsa, bhagavAn kI vANI ke samakSa sahasA chinna-bhinna ho jAte haiM, saba ora satya kA prakhaNDa sAmrAjya sthApita ho jAtA hai / bhagavAn gandha-hastI ke samAna vizva ke lie maMgalakArI haiN| jisa deza meM bhagavAn kA padArpaNa hotA hai, usa deza meM ativRSTi, anAvRSTi, mahAmArI Adi kisI bhI prakAra ke upadrava nahIM hote / yadi pahale se upadrava ho bhI rahe hoM, to bhagavAn ke padhArate hI sabake-saba pUrNatA zAnta ho jAte haiM / samavAyAMga -sUtra meM tIrthaGkara deva ke cautIsa pratizayoM kA varNana hai / vahA~ likhA hai ki "jahA~ tIrthaMkara bhagavAn virAjamAna hote haiM, vahA~ AsapAsa sau-sau kosa taka mahAmArI Adi ke upadrava nahIM hote / yadi pahale se hoM bhI, to zIghra hI zAnta ho jAte haiM / " yaha bhagavAn kA kitanA mahAn vizva-hitaMkara rUpa hai ! bhagavAn kI mahimA ke antaraMga ke kAma, krodha Adi upadravoM ko zAnta karane meM hI nahIM hai, apitu bAhya upadravoM kI zAnti meM bhI hai / prazna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki eka sampradAya kI mAnyatA ke anusAra to jIvoM kI rakSA karanA, unheM duHkha se bacAnA pApa hai / duHkhoM ko bhoganA, apane pApa karmoM kA RNa cukAnA hai / ataH bhagavAn kA yaha jIvoM ko duHkhoM se bacAne kA atizaya kyoM ? uttara meM nivedana hai ki bhagavAn kA jIvana maMgalamaya hai| ve kyA AdhyAtmika aura kyA bhautika, sabhI prakAra se janatA ke duHkhoM ko dUra kara zAnti kA sAmrAjya sthApita karate haiM / yadi dUsaroM ko apane nimitta se sukha pahu~cAnA pApa hotA, to bhagavAn ko yaha pApa-varddhaka atizaya milatA hI kyoM ? yaha atizaya to puNyAnubandhI puNya ke dvArA prApta hotA hai, phalataH jagat kA kalyANa karatA hai| isameM pApa kI kalpanA karanA ajJAnatA hai| kauna kahatA hai ki jIvoM kI rakSA karanA pApa hai ? yadi pApa hai, to bhagavAn ko yaha pApa janaka atizaya kaise milA ? yadi kisI ko sukha pahu~cAnA vastutaH pApa hI hotA, to bhagavAn kyoM nahIM kisI parvata kI guhA meM baiThe rahe ? kyoM dUra - sudUra dezoM meM bhramaNa kara jagat kA kalyANa karate rahe ? ataeva yaha bhrAnta kalpanA hai ki kisI ko sukha-zAnti dene se pApa hotA hai / bhagavAn kA yaha maMgalamaya atizaya hI isake virodha meM sabase bar3A aura prabala pramANa hai / loka-pradIpa : tIrthaMkara bhagavAn loka meM prakAza karane vAle anupama dIpaka haiM / jaba saMsAra meM ajJAna andhakAra ghanIbhUta ho jAtA hai, janatA ko apane hita-ahita kA kucha bhI bhAna nahIM rahatA hai, satya dharma kA mArga eka prakAra se vilupta-sA ho jAtA hai, taba tIrthaMkara bhagavAn apane kevalajJAna kA prakAza vizva meM phailAte haiM aura janatA ke mithyAtva andhakAra ko naSTa kara sanmArga kA patha Alokita karate haiM / ghara kA dIpaka ghara ke kone meM prakAza karatA hai, usakA prakAza sImita aura dhuMdhalA hotA hai / parantu bhagavAn to tIna loka ke dIpaka haiM, tIna loka meM prakAza karane kA mahAn afa pane para rakhate haiN| ghara kA dIpaka prakAza karane ke lie tela aura battI kI apekSA rakhatA hai, apane-Apa prakAza nahIM karatA, jalAne para prakAza karatA hai, vaha bhI sImita pradeza meM aura sImita kAla taka ! parantu tIrthaMkara bhagavAn to vinA kisI apekSA ke apaneApa tIna loka aura tIna kAla ko prakAzita karane vAle haiM / bhagavAn kitane anokhe dIpaka haiM ! 38 panA samikar dhammaM
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________________ bhagavan ko dIpaka kI upamA kyoM dI gaI hai ? sUrya aura candra prAdi kI anya saba utkRSTa upamAe~ chor3a kara dIpaka hI kyoM apanAyA gayA? prazna ThIka hai, parantu jarA gambhIratA se socie, nanheM se dIpaka kI mahattA, spaSTataH jhalaka utthegii| bAta yaha hai ki sUrya aura candra prakAza to karate hai, kintu kisI ko apane samAna prakAzamAna nahIM banA skte| idhara lagha dIpaka apane saMsarga meM pAe, apane se saMyukta hue hajAroM dIpakoM ko pradIpta kara apane samAna hI prakAzamAna dIpaka banA detA hai| ve bhI usI kI taraha jagamagAne lagate haiM aura andhakAra ko chinna-bhinna karane lagate haiN| ataH spaSTa hai ki dIpaka prakAza dekara hI nahIM raha jAtA, vaha dUsaroM ko apane samAna bhI banA letA hai| tIrthaMkara bhagavAn bhI isI prakAra kevalajJAna kA prakAza prApta kara mauna-vizrAnti nahIM lete, pratyuta apane nikaTa saMsarga meM Ane vAle anya sAdhakoM ko bhI sAdhanA kA patha pradarzita kara, anta meM apane samAna hI arhanta banA lete haiN| tIrthaMkaroM kA dhyAtA, sadA dhyAtA hI nahIM rahatA, vaha dhyAna ke dvArA antatogatvA, dhyeya-rUpa meM pariNata ho jAtA hai| ukta siddhAnta kI sAkSI ke lie gautama aura candanA Adi ke itihAsa prasiddha udAharaNa, hara koI jijJAsu dekha sakatA hai| abhayadaya:--abhaya-dAna ke dAtA : saMsAra ke saba dAnoM meM abhaya-dAna zreSTha hai| hRdaya kI karuNA abhaya-dAna meM hI pUrNatayA taraMgita hotI hai| abhayadAna kI mahattA ke sambandha meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke paMcama gaNadhara sudharmA kA anubhUta bodha-vacana hai 'dANANa seThaM abhayappayANaM / ' ---sUtrakRtAMga, 6 / 23 astu, tIrthakara bhagavAn tIna loka meM alaukika evaM anupama dayAlu hote haiN| unake hRdaya meM karuNA kA sAgara hara kSaNa taraMgita rahatA hai| virodhI-se-virodhI ke prati bhI unake hRdaya se karuNA kI satata dhArA hI bahA karatI hai| gozAlaka kitanA uddaNDa prANI thA ? parantu, bhagavAn ne to use bhI kruddha tapasvI kI tejolezyA se jalate hue bcaayaa| caNDakauzika para kitanI ananta karuNA kI hai ? tIrthakara deva usa yuga meM janma lete haiM, jaba mAnava-sabhyatA apanA patha bhUla jAtI hai| phalataH saba aora anyAya evaM atyAcAra kA dambhapUrNa sAmrAjya chA jAtA hai| usa samaya tIrthakara bhagavAn kyA strI, kyA puruSa, kyA rAjA, kyA raMka, kyA brAhmaNa, kyA zUdra, sabhI ko sanmArga kA upadeza karate haiN| saMsAra ke mithyAtva-vana meM bhaTakate hue mAnava-samUha ko sanmArga para lAkara use nirAkula banAnA, abhaya-pradAna karanA, ekamAtra tIrthakara devoM kA hI mahAna kArya hai ! cakSurdaya : jJAnanetra ke dAtA : tIrthakara bhagavAn A~khoM ke dene vAle haiN| kitanA hI hRSTa-puSTa manuSya ho, yadi A~kha nahIM, to kucha bhI nhiiN| A~khoM ke abhAva meM jIvana bhAra ho jAtA hai| aMdhe ko A~kha mila jAe, phira dekhie, kitanA AnaMdita hotA hai vh| tIrthaMkara bhagavAna vastutaH aMdhoM ko A~kheM dene vAle hai| jaba janatA ke jJAnanenoM ke samakSa ajJAna kA timira-jAla chA jAta taba tIrthakara hI janatA ko jJAna-netra arpaNa karate haiM, ajJAna kA jAlA sApha karate haiN| purAnI kahAnI hai ki eka devatA kA mandira thA, bar3A hI camatkAra pUrNa! vaha, pAne vAle andhoM ko netra-jyoti diyA karatA thaa| andhe lAThI Tekate pAte aura idhara A~kheM pAte hI dvAra para lAThI pheMka kara ghara cale jAte ! tIrthaMkara bhagavAna bhI vastutaH aise hI camatkArI deva haiN| inake dvAra para jo bhI kAma aura krodha Adi vikAroM se dUSita ajJAnI andhA AtA hai, vaha jJAna-netra pAkara prasanna hotA huA lauTatA hai| caNDakauzika Adi aise hI janma tIrthakara : mukti-patha kA prastotA
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________________ janmAntara ke andhe the, parantu bhagavAn ke pAsa Ate hI ajJAna kA andhakAra dUra ho gayA, satya kA prakAza jagamagA gyaa| jJAna-netra kI jyoti pAte hI saba bhrAntiyA~ kSaNa-bhara meM dUra ho gii| dharmacakravartI : tIrthakara bhagavAn dharma ke zreSTha cakravartI hai, cAra dizArUpa cAra gatiyoM kA anta karane vAle haiN| jaba deza meM saba aura arAjakatA chA jAtI hai, tathA choTe-choTe rAjyoM meM vibhakta hokara deza kI ekatA naSTa ho jAtI hai, taba cakravartI kA cakra hI punaH akhaNDa-ekachatra rAjya kI savyavasthA karatA hai, yaha sampUrNa bikharI haI deza kI zakti ko eka zAsana ke nIce lAtA hai| sArvabhauma rAjya ke binA prajA meM zAnti kI vyavasthA nahIM ho sktii| ataH cakravartI isI uddezya kI pUrti karatA hai| vaha pUrva, pazcima aura dakSiNa ina tIna dizAoM meM samudraparyanta tathA uttara meM himavAn parvata paryanta apanA akhaNDa sAmrAjya sthApita karatA hai| ataH vaha caturanta cakravartI kahalAtA hai| tIrthaMkara bhagavAn bhI naraka, tiryaMca, manuSya, devarUpa cAroM gatiyoM ke vikAroM kA anta kara sampUrNa vizva meM apanA ahiMsA aura satya kA dharma-rAjya sthApita karate haiN| dAna, zIla, tapa aura bhAvarUpa caturvidha dharma kI sAdhanA ve svayaM antima koTi taka karate haiM, aura janatA ko bhI isa pavitna dharma kA upadeza dete haiM, ataH ve dharma ke caturanta cakravartI kahalAte haiN| bhagavAn kA dharma-cakra hI vastutaH saMsAra meM bhautika evaM AdhyAtmika-sarva-prakAreNa akhaNDazAnti kAyama kara sakatA hai| apane-apane mata-janya durAgraha ke kAraNa phailI huI dhArmika arAjakatA kA anta kara akhaNDa dharma-rAjya kI sthApanA tIrthaMkara hI karate haiN| vastutaH yadi vicAra kiyA jAe, to bhautika jagat ke pratinidhi cakravartI se yaha saMsAra kabhI sthAyI zAnti pA hI nahIM sktaa| cakravartI to bhoga-vAsanA kA dAsa eka pAmara saMsArI prANI hai| usake cakra ke mUla meM sAmrAjya-lipsA kA viSa chupA rahatA hai| janatA kA paramArtha nahIM, apanA svArtha nihita rahatA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki jahA~ cakravartI kA zAsana mAnava-prajA ke niraparAdha rakta se sIMcA jAtA hai, vahA~ hadaya para nahIM, zarIra para vijaya pAne kA prayatna hotA hai| parantu tIrthakara dharma-cakravartI haiN| ataH ve pahale apanI hI tapaHsAdhanA ke bala se kAma, krodhAdi antaraMga zatruoM ko naSTa karate haiM, pazcAt janatA ke lie dharma-tIrtha kI sthApanA kara prakhaNDa AdhyAtmika zAnti kA sAmrAjya kAyama karate haiN| tIrthaMkara zarIra ke nahIM, hRdaya ke samrATa banate haiN| phalataH ve saMsAra meM pArasparika prema evaM sahAnubhUti kA, tyAga evaM vairAgya kA vizvahitaMkara zAsana calAte haiN| vAstavika sukha-zAnti, inhIM dharma-cakravartiyoM ke zAsana kI chatrachAyA meM prApta ho sakatI hai, anyatra nhiiN| tIrthaMkara bhagavAn kA zAsana to cakravartiyoM para bhI hotA hai| bhoga-vilAsa ke kAraNa jIvana kI bhUla-bhulaiyyA meM par3a jAne vAle aura apane kartavya se parAGamakha ho jAne vAle cakravatiyoM ko tIrthakara hI upadeza dekara sanmArga para lAte haiM, kartavya kA bhAna karAte haiN| ataH tIrthakara bhagavAn cakravartiyoM ke bhI cakravartI haiN| vyAvRtta chana : tIrthaMkara deva vyAvRtta-chadma kahalAte haiN| vyAvRtta-chadma kA artha hai--'chadma se rahita / ' chadma ke do artha haiM--prAvaraNa aura chala / jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya, mohanIya aura antarAya, ukta cAra ghAtiyA karma AtmA kI jJAna, darzana Adi mUla zaktiyoM ko chAdana kie rahate haiM, DhaMke rahate haiM, ataH ve chadma kahalAte haiM 'chAdayatIti chadma jJAnAvaraNIyAdi -pratikramaNa sUtra pada vivRtti, praNipAta-daNDaka aura, jo isa chadma se, jJAnAvaraNIya Adi cAra dhAtiyA karmoM se pUrNatayA alaga ho gaye haiM, ve 'vyAvRtta-chadma' kahalAte haiN| tIrthaMkara deva ajJAna aura moha Adi se sarvathA rahita pannA samikkhae dhamma Jain Education Intemational
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________________ hote haiN| chadma kA dUsarA artha hai-'chala aura pramAda / ' ataH chala aura pramAda se rahita hone ke kAraNa bhI tIrthaMkara 'vyAvRttachadma' kahe jAte haiN| tIrthaMkara bhagavAn kA jIvana pUrNatayA sarala aura samarasa rahatA hai| kisI bhI prakAra kI gopanIyatA yA viSamatA unake mana meM nahIM hotii| kyA andara aura kyA bAhara, sarvatra samabhAva rahatA hai, spaSTa bhAva rahatA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra Adi tIrthaMkaroM kA jIvana pUrNa prApta puruSoM kA jIvana rahA hai| unhoMne kabhI bhI duharI bAteM nahIM kii| paricita aura aparicita, sAdhAraNa janatA aura asAdhAraNa samrAT Adi, nAsamajha bAlaka aura samajhadAra vRddha-sabake samakSa eka samAna rahe / jo kucha bhI parama satya unhoMne prApta kiyA, nizchala-bhAva se janatA ko arpaNa kiyaa| yahI prApta-jIvana hai, jo zAstra meM prAmANikatA lAtA hai| Apta-puruSa kA kahA huaA pravacana hI pramANAbAdhita, tattvopadezaka, sarvajIva-hitaMkara, adaSTa-daSTa ke virodha se rahita akATya tathA mithyA-mArga kA nirAkaraNa karane vAlA hotA hai| prAcArya siddhasena tathA prAcArya samantabhadra ne zAstra kA ullekha karate hue kahA hai "prAptopajJamanullaGaghya--- __ madRSTeSTavirodhakam / tattvopadezakRt sAvaM, zAstraM kApatha-ghaTTanam / / " -nyAyAvatAra sUtra, ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra tIrtha kara kI vANI : jana-kalyANI : tIrthakara bhagavAna ke lie jina, jApaka, tIrNa, tArakaH, buddha, bodhaka, mukta aura mocaka ke vizeSaNa bar3e hI mahattvapUrNa haiN| tIrthaMkaroM kA ucca-jIvana vastuta: ina vizeSaNoM para hI avalambita hai| rAga-dveSa ko svayaM jItanA aura dUsare sAdhakoM se jitavAnA, saMsAra-sAgara se svayaM tairanA aura dUsare prANiyoM ko tairAnA, kevalajJAna pAkara svayaM baddha honA aura dUsaroM ko bodha denA, karma-bandhanoM se svayaM mukta honA aura dUsaroM ko mukta karAnA, kitanA mahAn evaM maMgalamaya Adarza hai ! jo loga ekAnta nivRtti-mArga ke gIta gAte haiM, apanI AtmA ko hI tArane mAtra kA svapna rakhate haiM, unheM isa ora lakSya denA cAhie ! ____ maiM pUchatA hU~, tIrthaMkara bhagavAn gaMgA Adi mahAnadiyoM ko pAra karate hue kyoM dUra-dUra dezoM meM bhramaNa kara ahiMsA aura satya kA sandeza dete haiM? ve to kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana ko pAkara kRtakRtya ho gae haiN| aba unake lie kyA pAnA aura kyA karanA zeSa hai ? saMsAra ke dUsare jIva mukta hote haiM yA nahIM, isase unako kyA hAni-lAbha ? yadi loga dharma-sAdhanA kareMge, to unhIM ko lAbha hai aura nahIM kareMge, to unhIM ko hAni hai| unake lAbha aura hAni se, bhagavAn ko kyA lAbha-hAni hai ? janatA ko prabodha dene se unakI mukti meM kyA vizeSatA ho jAegI? aura yadi prabodha na deM, to kauna-sI vizeSatA kama ho jAegI? ina saba praznoM kA uttara jainAgamoM kA marmI pAThaka yahI detA hai ki janatA ko prabodha dene aura na dene se, bhagavAn ko kucha bhI vyaktigata hAni-lAbha nahIM hai| bhagavAn kisI svArtha ko lakSya meM rakhakara kucha bhI nahIM karate / na unako paMtha calAne kA moha hai, na ziSyoM kI TolI jamA karane kA svArtha hai| na unheM pUjA-pratiSThA cAhie aura na mAna-sammAna ! ve to pUrNa vItarAga puruSa haiN| ata: unakI pratyeka pravRtti kevala karuNAbhAva se hotI hai| jana-kalyANa kI zreSTha bhAvanA hI dharma-pracAra ke mUla meM nihita hai, aura kucha nhiiN| tIrthakara ananta-karuNA ke sAgara haiN| phalataH kisI bhI jIva ko moha-mAyA meM prAkUla dekhanA unake lie karuNA kI vastu hai / yaha karuNA-bhAvanA hI unake mahAn pravRttizIla jIvana kI AdhArazilA hai| jainasaMskRti kA gaurava pratyeka bAta meM kevala apanA hAni-lAbha dekhane meM hI nahIM hai, pratyuta janatA tIrthakara : mukti-patha kA prastotA 41
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________________ kA hAni-lAbha dekhane meM bhI hai| kevalajJAna pAne ke bAda tIsa varSa taka bhagavAna mahAvIra niSkAma bhAva se jana-sevA karate rhe| tIsa varSa ke dharma-pracAra se evaM jana-kalyANa se bhagavAn ko kucha bhI vyaktigata lAbha na huA, aura na unako isakI apekSA hI thii| unakA apanA AdhyAtmika jIvana bana cukA thA, aura kucha sAdhanA zeSa nahIM rahA thA; phira bhI vizva-karuNA kI bhAvanA se jIvana ke antima kSaNa taka janatA ko sanmArga kA upadeza dete rhe| AcArya zIlAMka ne sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kI apanI TIkA meM isI bAta ko dhyAna meM rakhakara kahA hai "dharmamuktavAn prANinAmanugrahArtham, na pUjA-satkArArtham" --sUtrakRtAMga TIkA 1 / 6 / 4. kevala TIkA meM hI nahIM, jaina-dharma ke mUla Agama-sAhitya meM bhI yahI bhAva batAyA gayA hai___ "savvajagajIva-rakSaNa-dayaTTayAe pAvayaNaM bhagavayA sukahiyaM" --praznavyAkaraNa-sUtra 2 / 1 tIrthakara sarvajJa-sarvadarzI : sUtrakAra ne 'jiNANaM' Adi vizeSaNoM ke bAda 'samvanaNaM savvadarisINaM' ke vizeSaNa bar3e hI gambhIra anubhava ke AdhAra para rakhe haiN| jaina-dharma meM sarvajJatA ke lie zarta hai, rAga aura dveSa kA kSaya ho jaanaa| rAga-dveSa kA sampUrNa kSaya kie binA, arthAt utkRSTa vItarAga bhAva' sampAdana kie vinA sarvajJatA sambhava nhiiN| sarvajJatA prApta kie binA pUrNa prApta-puruSa nahIM ho sakatA / pUrNa prApta-puruSa hue binA triloka-pUjyatA nahIM ho sakatI, tIrthaMkara pada kI prApti nahIM ho sktii| ukta jiNANaM' pada dhvanita karatA hai ki jaina-dharma meM vahI AtmA sudeva hai, paramAtmA hai, Izvara hai, paramezvara hai, parabrahma hai, saccidAnanda hai, jisane caturgatirUpa saMsAra-vana meM paribhramaNa karAne vAle rAga-dveSa Adi antaraMga zatrunoM ko pUrNarUpa se naSTa kara diyA hai| jisameM rAga-dveSa Adi vikAroM kA thor3A bhI aMza ho, vaha sAdhaka bhale hI ho sakatA hai, parantu vaha devAdhideva tIrthakara athavA arhanta paramAtmA nahIM ho sktaa| AcArya hemacandra kahate haiM "sarvajJo jitraagaadi-dossstrailoky-puujitH| yathAsthitArtha-vAdI ca, devorhan prmeshvrH||" --yogazAstra 24 sarvajJatA kA, eka bar3A hI sarala evaM vyAvahArika artha hai--'Atmavata sarva bhUteSa' kI udAtta dRSTi / tAtparya yaha hai ki jaba eka sAdhaka vyakti apanI AtmA kA vikAsa aise ucca evaM vistRta dharAtala para kara letA hai, jahA~ vizva kI samasta anubhUti ko, sukha, duHkha, harSa, viSAda, pramoda evaM pIr3A kI bhAvanAtroM ko apanI mainI-karuNA kI bhAvanA meM antarbhUta kara letA hai, vizva kI samasta prAtmAnoM meM apanI AtmA ko milA detA hai, vastutaH aisI hI vizva-pIThikA para, vaha sarvajJa ho jAtA hai| sarvajJa kA sIdhA phalitArtha yahI hai ki hama bhI unake samAna hI vizva kI sabhI prAtmAoM ko samabhAva se, samAnarUpa se dekheN| isa sthiti meM vaiyaktika AtmA kI AvAja, vizvAtmA kI AvAja hotI hai, usakA cintana vizva-AtmA kA cintana hotA hai, usakI anubhUti, vizva-prAtmA kI anubhUti hotI hai| bhAvarUpa se vizva usameM nihita hotA hai aura vaha vizvamaya ho jAtA hai| vahI sarvajJa hotA hai, sarvadarzI hotA hai, tIrthakara hotA hai, arhanta hotA hai| 42 pannA samikkhae dhamma Jain Education Intemational