Sahityik Nisbat

Author(s): Kumarpal Desai
Publisher: Vidy Vikas Trust
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/034283/1

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paraba pramukha zrIjo ja paripada parivAranA kisAno, sAhityika nisabata kumArapALa desAI

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sAhityika nisabata (pariSada-pramukhanA patro) kumArapALa desAI vidyAvikAsa TrasTa 209, saMpadA koplekSa, mIThAkhaLI cha rastA pAse navaraMgapurA, amadAvAda-380 Q09

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arpaNa pariSadanA sahu sAthImitrone SAHITYIK NISBAT Written by Kumarpal Desai prathama AvRtti : Disembara, 2007 a kiMmata rU. 25 - prAptisthAna : |_ gujarAta vizvakoza TrasTa, para/2, rameza pArka sosAyaTI, vizvakozabhavana, usmAnapurA, vizvakozamArga, amadAvAda - 13 phona : 27551703 In navabhArata sAhitya maMdira, jaina derAsara pAse, gAMdhIroDa, amadAvAda - 1 a gUrjara graMtharatna kAryAlaya, ratanapoLanAkA sAme, gAMdhIroDa, amadAvAda - 1 mudraka : caMdrikA prinTarI, mirajhApura roDa, amadAvAda - 380 001

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Amukha sAhitya prajAonI saMskRtinI koTi darzAvanAra darpaNa che. prajAonuM vicArajIvana utkRSTa ke nikRSTa che te batAvanAra nikaSazilA te che. prajAonA uDDayana, vAMchanA, uccagrAho Adi te dvArA AvirbhAva pAme che tema sAhityathI temane uttejana, Agraha ane vizadatA maLe che. prajAnA samagra jIvanane - rAyathI raMka AbAlavRddha strI-puruSone bhAvanAthI raMganAra sAhitya che. mATe ja tenAM vikAsa ane pragati mATe dezanA vidvAnonI pariSada maLavI joIe ane sAhityanA ucca Azayo ane divya hetuo sadhAya mATe teo ta2phathI upAyo ane yojanA ghaDavAM joIe. A vastusthitie 'sAhityasabhA'ne pariSada bharavAnI preraNA karI hatI. gujarAtI sAhitya pariSadanA pramukha tarIkenI javAbadArI svIkAryA bAda enA mukhapatra *paraba'mAM 'pariSada-pramukhano patra' lakhavAnuM banyuM ane e nimitte pariSadanA sabhyo tathA vyApaka rUpe sAhityarasiko sAthe saMvAda sAdhavAnI taka maLI. gujarAtI sAhityanI vartamAna gatividhine kendramAM rAkhIne judA judA muddAonI pratyeka patramAM chaNAvaTa karI che. sAhityarasikone emAM UMDo rasa paDyo che. keTalAke A muddAo vize pratibhAva paNa ApyA che. A saMdarbhamAM judA judA muddAo aMge zrI dhIrubhAI ThAkara, zrI bhoLAbhAI paTela, zrI raghuvIra caudharI, zrI caMdrakAnta zeTha ane zrI pravINa darajI sAthe vicAravimarza paNa thayo. e mATe teono AbhArI chuM. 'paraba'nA taMtrI zrI yogeza jozI tathA sahataMtrI zrI praphulla rAvalano sadbhAva kevI rIte bhUlI zakAya ? AzA rAkhuM chuM ke sAhityarasikone A muddAo vize vakhatovakhata vicAravuM gamaze. 20-12-07 - kumArapALa desAI raNajitarAma vAvAbhAI

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sAhityika nisabata kumArapALa desAI anukrama 1. saMvedanA, sahRdayatA ane sajjatA 2. sahiyAro puruSArtha 3. huM gurjara vizvanivAsI 4. mAtRbhASAnuM siMcana 5. zabdo aMke karIe 6. madhyakAlIna sAhityanuM saMzodhana 7. sarjakonAM caritro 8. navA viSayonI kSitija 9. bhAratIya bhASAnAM sarja ko 10. prajAkIya vedanAnI abhivyakti 11. sAhityika vivAdono mahimA 12. 2006nuM saravaiyuM 13. sImADe UbhelI TekanolojI 14. anuvAdapravRtti 15. dIpe arUNuM parabhAta

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VIII Ecualbout1aps p 5 saMvedanA, sahRdayatA ane sajjatA vandema devatAM vAcam / / sAhityapriya svajano, gujarAtI sAhitya pariSada jevI sAhityanI bhavyojvala paraMparA dharAvatI saMsthAnA pramukha thavuM teno AnaMda jarUra hoya, paNa e sAthe vinamratAthI mArA pUrvasUri sArasvata pramukhonI haroLamAM mAruM nAma mUkuM chuM tyAre svAbhAvika rIte ja saMkoca thAya che. mukhyatve huM gujarAtI bhASA sAthenI mArI nisabatanA pariNAmarUpe A padane jouM chuM. A pada sAthe joDAyelA uttaradAyitvathI huM abhinna chuM, paNa Apa sahunI uSmA ane sAtha mArA e uttaradAyitvane adA karavAmAM madadarUpa thaze, evI zraddhA che. huM ahIM chuM e eka vyavasthA che. ApaNe sahu ahIM chIe e pariSada ane eno AtmA che. saMvedanazUnyatA tarapha gati Your science will be valueless, you'll find And learning will be sterile, if inviting Unless you pledge your intellect to fighting Against all enemies of mankind. [Brecht : Collected Poems, Methnen Edition, p. 450] mAnavajAtanA zatru sAme tamArI buddhino ane zaktino upayoga karo to ja vijJAnanuM mUlya che ane to ja vidyA vAMjhaNI thatI aTakaze. saMvedanA, sahRdayatA ane sajjatA 1

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A kAvya che 20mI sadInI raMgabhUmi para sauthI vadhu prabhAvaka ane lokapriya evA jarmana nATyakAra breSnanuM. hiTalaranA samarthakoe enAM pustakonI hoLI karI hatI ane breSna daMpatIne aMdhArI rAtre jarmanI choDIne soviyeta saMgha temaja bhArata thaIne amerikA javuM paDyuM hatuM. mUlyonI kaTokaTI Aje ApaNe sahu sAMskRtika kaTokaTInI evI kSaNa para UbhA chIe ke jyAre prajA tarIke ane vyakti tarIkenuM ApaNuM astitva jokhamamAM AvI paDyuM che. ApaNI cAre bAju tamAma kSetromAM nAnI-moTI, haLavIgaMbhIra evI satata mUMjhavanArI samasyAono anubhava thAya che. A astitvane TakAvI rAkhavA mATe jema bIjAM kSetromAM saphaLa-asaphaLa prayatno thaI rahyA che, tevuM sAhityamAM paNa che. kadAca bAhya dRSTie ema pratIta thAya ke sAhityanI kalekaTInI asara prajAnA jIvana para nahivat athavA ghaNI ochI che, paraMtu samagra prajAjIvananI kaTokaTInA mULamAM sAhityanI kaTokaTI jovA maLe to kadAca navAI nahIM. prajAnA vyaktitvanuM ghaDatara tenA AMtarasattva para baMdhAya che. prajAnI bhautika samRddhi e enA AMtarasattvano mApadaMDa nathI, paNa prajAjIvanamAM naitika mUlyo keTalAM sacavAyAM che tenA parathI tenuM AMtarika sattva apAya che. A mUlyomAM satya, nyAya, ahiMsA uparAMta vIratva, niSThA ane sahRdayatAno samAveza thAya che. A AMtarika sattvanuM poSaNa-saMvardhana pratyakSa ke parokSa rIte sAhitya ane kalA dvArA thatuM rahe che. A AMtarasattvanAM mukhya be aMgo che : jJAna ane AnaMda. prajAnA saMskAravananAM A be aMgone vikasAvavAmAM sAhitya ane kalAno phALo bahu moTo che. Aje ApaNe sAhityanI kaTokaTInI vAta karIe chIe. A kaTokaTI te mUlyonI kaTokaTI che, sahRdayatA ane sarjatAnI kaTokaTI che. AMtarasattvanI sAmenAM duritono sAmano karavAno che ane e mATe sahue sahiyAro puruSArtha karavAno che. AjanI samasyA sahRdayatAnI UNapanI samasyA che. sahRdayatAnuM mULa saMvedanA che. mAtra sauMdarya pratyenI sabhAnatAmAMthI saMvedanA AvatI nathI. e mAnavahRdayano guNa che. e guNa keLavavAnI taka AjanI peDhIne maLI nathI e mATe ApaNe zikSaNaprathAne ke vahIvaTI taMtrane javAbadAra gaNI zakIe, paNa ApaNe ApaNI javAbadArImAMthI chaTakI zakIe nahIM, kAraNa ke mAnavatA e sarvajanIna viziSTatA che. saMvedanA mAnavatAmAMthI janme che ane Aje e mANasAInuM sukavaNuM thaI rahyuM hoya tema lAge che. saMhAraka zastronI vibhISikAe mAnavIne mUMjhavI nAkhyo che, paraMtu ethIya vizeSa eka navI vibhISikA enI rUci, enAM mUlyo ane enI saMvedanAnA saMdarbhamAM sarjAI rahI che. saMvedanA e sAhityasarjanano 'lAiva vAyara' che. eka samaye sarjakane je samasyAo mUMjhavatI hatI, e Aje kAlagrasta thaI gaI che. govardhanarAma ke hAnAlAla, kAnta ke kalApI, maNilAla nabhubhAI ke priyakAnta maNiyAre anubhavelAM praNayavibhAvanA-viSayaka hRddho Aje na hoya to bhale, paraMtu have e praNayanuM ja sthAna vyaktinA jIvanamAM keTaluM ? ApaNAM mUlyo drAvaNapAtramAM AvIne karyo che. ApaNI bhAvanAono krara saMhAra thayo che. eka svArthamaya, lena-dena AdhArita, saMvedanazUnyatA pratyenI tIvra gatimAM AMtaramaMthano ane vyApaka saMvedanonI Upaja keTalI ? eka samaye sarjaka - huM koNa chuM ? jIvana zuM che ? mRtyu zuM che ? sAco sneha kone kahevAya? parama AnaMdanI prApti kaI rIte thaI zake ? evA praznonI khoja karato hato ane sAhityamAM enI e AMtarakhojanuM pratibiMba jhilAtuM hatuM. Adhunika mANasanI vRttie enuM vaicArika mALakhuM dharamULathI badalI nAkhyuM che. mUlyahrAsa, bhraSTatA, TUMkA mArgo levAnI vRtti, saMkucita svArtha vagere vakarI rahyAM che. jIvanane badale 'bajAra'nI zodha zAhamRga AphrikAnA raNamAM ja nathI, ApaNI vacce paNa che. TeknaoNlojInA A samayagALAmAM kvanamAM badhI bAbatono rokaDiyo pAka saMvedanA, sahRdayatA ane sarjAtA sAhityika nisabata

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utAravAmAM Ave che. rAjakAraNa, arthakAraNa, nokarazAhInA dabANa uparAMta loko eka reTa-resamAM sAmela thayA che ane tene pariNAme ApaNe jIvanamAMthI ghaNuM bhUlI rahyA chIe. gharanA AMgaNAmAM choDa vAvIe chIe, paNa choDamAM AvelI navI kUMpaLano utsava UjavatA nathI. AnaMdanA upahAra rUpe anyane buke ApIe chIe, paraMtu e phUlonI suvAsano anubhava ke enA raMgono AnaMda ApaNe letA nathI. medAna para patharAyelA lIlAchama ghAsanuM maMda maMda hAsya ke pachI samudranI laherono AnaMda ke himAcchAdita zikharanI bhavyatA bhUlI gayA chIe. ene mATe ApaNI pAse na to AMkha rahI che ke na to ene sAMbhaLavA mATenA kAna. A aMdhabadhira avasthAe mAnavInA bhItarane jaraDha banAvI dIdhuM che. vAstavanI upekSA, vAsanApUrNa kAmecchA ane mAnavIya bhAvanAonuM vyavasAyIkaraNa, rucinuM nimnastarIkaraNa - A badhAMne kAraNe mAnavI bhItarano AnaMda, samabhAva ane saMvedanA khoI rahyo che. mazIna dvArA mAnavInuM visthApana, mahAnagaranAM simenTa-kaoNnkrITanAM jaMgalonuM nirmANa ane pragatinA nAma heThaLa khelAtI sattAnI rAjanIti ane vyavasthA ke lokataMtrane nAme thatI johukamI - A badhI bAbatono vicAra karavo joIe. Aje globalAijhezanane kAraNe mANasa jANatAM ke ajANatAM bajAra' banI gayo che. bajAra ane mAlanuM kendra deDha banyuM che ane teno cheDo artha upara che. bIjuM saghaLuM gauNAtigauNa banI rahyuM che. dareka deza ane teno mANasa jIvana nahIM, bajAra zodhe che. raoNboTanI jema te enA jIvananI sisTama bajAranA saMdarbhamAM goThavI rahyo che. mANasanA saMdarbho sAthe sAhityanI gati paNa badalAya. sAhitya mANasane pratIta karAvavAnuM che ke te pote 'vastu" athavA "bajAra' nathI, paNa caitanyathI, bhAvasaMvedanathI bharIbharI prANazakti che. sAhityakAre saMvedanAsabhara manuSyanI chabI upasAvavAnI che. saMvedanAsabhara jIvana zuM che, tene pratyakSa kema karI ApavuM te mathAmaNa ApaNA samayamAM sauthI moTI bAbata banI che. vAdo AvyA ne gayA, Avaze ne ja ze; paNa avazeSamAM mANasa na rahyo to saghaLuM gayuM samajavAnuM. Aje vAdo ane vAdonA puraskartAonAM valaNa narama paDyAM che, zamyAM che, badalAyAM che, vizva sAMkaDuM banyuM che ane bhASAo najIka AvI che. mAhitIvisphoTa thayo che. samUha-mAdhyamone kAraNe vizvavyApI ghaTanAo sAthe sagha paricita thavAnuM banyuM paNa AnI sAme sarjana evI phALa bharI zakyuM che ke kema te prazna che. samUhamAdhyamono prabhAva samUhamAdhyamonI gati viparIta nIvaDI che. mAnavajAta mATe kevuM adbhuta parivartana ANaze evI AzA sAthe AveluM calacitra bahudhA sthULatA ane raMjakatAmAM sarI gayuM. reDiyonuM mAdhyama have upekSita banyuM che ane Telivijhane dIvAnakhaMDamAM pravezIne eka evA AtaMkavAdane janma Apyo che ke jene pariNAme mAnavajIvananI keTalIya madhura, sUkSma, saMvAdI, udAra ane sauMdaryamaMDita bhAvanAo rasAtaLa jaI rahI che. dostoyevaskIe kahyuM hatuM ke kevaLa 'sauMdarya" ja duniyAne bacAvI zakaze. A sauMdarya eTale pUrNatAnI zodhamAM nIkaLelo sakriya manuSya. e sauMdarya eTale jIvananAM sukhamAM ane duHkhamAM, saMvAda ane visaMvAdamAM, kaTu ane madhura bhAvomAM vaseluM saudarya. Aje e sauMdaryanuM nAmonizAna rahyuM che ? samUhamAdhyamoe sAhitya para AkramaNa karyuM ema kahevuM te ardhasatya che. banyuM evuM ke reDiyo, calacitra ane Telivijhana jevAM samUhamAdhyamo sAhityane vaza thavAne badale sAhitya samUhamAdhyamone vaza thaI rahyuM che. samUhamAdhyamomAM bhASAzuddhithI mAMDIne enA viSayo ane enI prastuti sudhInA aneka prazno ubhA thayA che. Ane pariNAme e mAdhyamanA stara aMge savAla jAge che. ApaNe ghaNI bAbato mATe pazcimane javAbadAra TheravIe chIe, enI TeknolojIne kAraNabhUta mAnIe chIe; paraMtu hakIkata e che ke TekanolojI jarUra pazcimamAMthI Ave che paNa ene dizAdarzana ApavAnuM kAma ApaNuM hoya che ane emAM ApaNe niSphaLa gayA chIe. mahArASTra ane baMgALamAM mAdhyamonuM dhoraNa pramANamAM UMcuM rahyuM; sAhityika nisabata saMvedanA, sahRdayatA ane sajajatA

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tenuM kAraNa samUhamAdhyamo para sAhityakArono prabhAva joI zakAya. dezyazrAvya mAdhyamathI pustako lakhAvAnAM baMdha thavAnAM nathI. sAmAnya ghaTanAnI sanasanATIpUrNa dIrgha rajUAta karatA samAcAra, upabhoktAvAdane bahekAvatAM vijJApano ane phaoNrmyulAbaddha dhArAvAhikonI bharamAramAM sAhityika kRti bhAgye ja jovA maLe che. TelivijhanathI sAhityika rucinA saMvardhananI vAta to dUra rahI, have to ziSTa rucine paNa AghAta thavA lAgyo che. raMja katA evI lIlA che ke jenI pAchaLa mAdhyama gheluM bane to badhI ja maryAdA neve mUkI de. darzakanI buddhi ane ruci vizenA enA khyAlo ciMtApreraka che. dareka mAdhyamano eka samayagALo hoya che . AraMbhamAM e coMkAvI de evuM AkarSaNa jagAve che ane samaya jatAM moLuM paDe che, ethI ja A samUhamAdhyamanI teja raphtAra vacce atyArasudhI sAhitya potAnI mudrA jALavI zakyuM che. kAraNa ke enI pAse mAnavaaMtaHstalane sparzavAnI zakti ane kauvata che. pariNAme vartamAna samayanA sAhityakAra sAme samUhamAdhyama paDakAra nathI, paraMtu ene mATe potAnI AMtarazaktinI vApha-stare samucita ane viziSTa abhivyakti e paDakAra che. mAdhyamonI gati amuka AvaradAvALI ane jaladI lAbha aMke karI levAnA mijAjavALI hoya che. sAhitya e eka evuM mAdhyama che ke jenI nema ane niyata nizcita rahI che ane e che manuSyatvanuM nirUpaNa ane enuM unnayana. AjanA sAhityakAre enA anulakSamAM ja sarjananA ghaTATopane vistAravAno che. tatkALa AnaMda ane lAbha karAve tevI vastu mAdhyamane joIe, jyAre sAhitya e dIrghakALa sudhI mAnavane mUlyo ane AnaMdano anubhava karAvanAra che. mAnavaAtmAno avAja samUhamAdhyamano prabhAva game teTalo hoya, agAu nirdayuM tema, sAhityasarjana to cAlu ja rahevAnuM. sAhityamAM nihita che mAnavaAtmAno avAja. A sUranI phAvaTa samUhamAdhyamone nathI, tethI sAhityano e sAhityika nisabata avAja samUhamAdhyamamAM kAM to gUMgaLAya che athavA to kacaDI nakhAya che. paraMtu mAnava-AtmAno avAja sAhityamAM kevo saMbhaLAya che te sAhityano e avAja uttara AphrikAnA senegala dezanA kavi sammane osamanemAMthI pAmI zakAya. 'Fingers' nAmanA kAvyamAM saMgemaramaramAM suMdara AkRti sarjatI sthapatinI AMgaLIo ke pachI jamInane haLathI kheDaDyA bAda khADo khodI vAvaNI karatA kheDUtanI AMgaLIonI vAta karatAM e evI AMgaLIo prati lakSa dore che ke je jIvanano nAza kare che. kavi kahe che, The finger of a soldier Across the rivers and languages Of Europe and Asia Of China and Africa, Of India and the Oceans Let us join our fingers to take away All the power of their finger Which keeps humanity in mourning. [Sambene Ousmane, 'Fingers 'quoted in Lotus Awards 1971, Published by the Permanent Bureau of Afro-Asian Writers] lokaAMdolanomAMthI jAgato nirbhIka ane svataMtra avAja bIjA koI paNa mAdhyama karatAM sAhitya spaSTa rIte ApI zake che, tethI ja mAdhyamonI prabhAvaka pracAranI duniyAne sAhityika kRti ajaMpo ApI jAya che. prajAno aMtarAtmA sAhityamAM vyakta thato hovAthI mAtra saramukhatyAro ja nahIM, paNa sattAlobhIone paNa muMjhave tevA savAla sAhitya karatuM AvyuM che. The spirit of resistance sAhitya dvArA ja vyakta thAya. vartamAna samayamAM huM adhyApaka, phakta DaoNkTara ke pachI vijJAnI ke arthazAstrI chuM ema kahyAthI kAma saravAnuM nathI. vartamAna vaizvika saMdarbhamAM vyakti pote kyAM UbhI che tenI eNe khoja karavAnI che, asamAnatA para AdhArita samAjamAM e kyAM Ubho che ? anyAya, AtaMka ane AkramaNanAM vighAtaka paribaLo rASTrajIvanathI AraMbhIne cheka vyaktigata jIvana para prabhAvaka che te sthitimAM e svayaM zuM anubhave che ? e aMge pote zuM saMvedanA, sahRdayatA ane sajajatA

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vidhAyaka kArya kare che ? potAnI saMvedanazIlatA ane mAnavatAne ane potAnA nijAnaMdane avarodhatAM paribaLo sAme e kaI rIte mathAmaNa karI rahyo che ? vANIsvAtaMtra ane mAnava-adhikAro para chAzavAre thatA AdhAto sAme enI potAnI kriyA-pratikriyA kevI che ?- A badhAMno vicAra karavo joIe. phAsIvAdI paribaLo prajAsamUhane koI eka yA bIjA bahAnA heThaLa kevI rIte aLago kare che, tenI vAta karatAM mArTina nImolera (Martin Niemoeller) *To the Faculty" kAvyamAM kahe che : In Germany they first came for the communist And I did not speak up because I wasn't a communist Then they came for the Jew and And I didn't speak up because I wasn't a Jew Then they came for the trade unionists And I didn't speak up because I wasn't a trade unionist Then they came for the catholics And I didn't speak up because I was a protestant Then they came for me - and by that time no one was left to speak up. sahRdayatA ane mUlyahAsa sahRdayatA e pratyeka sarjakane preranAro ane poSanAro mahattvano guNa che. A sahRdayatA je TalA moTA phalaka para ApaNA sarjakomAM pravartatI hoya enA pramANamAM ApaNA sAhityane uccAvacca koTimAM goThavI zakAya. AnuM dRSyata gaI peDhInA ApaNA kavio ane navalakathAkAromAMthI maLI zake tema che. eka samaya evo hato ke jyAre ramaNalAla desAI jevA navalakathAkAra potAnI navalakathAnA pAtro samakAlIna samAja mAMthI letA hatA ane tene vAstavika bhUmikA upara Adarzano opa ApIne rajU karatA hatA. pacAsanA dAyakAmAM yugamUrti vArtAkAra ramaNalAla desAI eka kaoNlejamAM vyAkhyAna ApavA gayA. tAjuM ja svarAjya maLyuM hatuM. kALAM bajAra, bhraSTAcAra, sattA mATenI hoMsAtoMsI - A badhuM jotAM svarAja vizeno emano bhrama bhAMgI gayo hato ane teo nirAza thaI gayA hatA. emaNe kaoNlejanA yuvAno samakSa potAnI vedanA vyakta karatAM kahyuM ke huM jhoLI laIne Avyo chuM. mane pAtro Apo. cAre bAju najara karatAM mane pAtro maLatAM nathI. Aje pacAsa varSa pachI raghuvIra caudharI jevA navalakathAkAra ramaNalAla desAInI jema potAnA jamAnAnI ghaTanAo ane vyaktione navalakathAmAM gUMthe che temane paNa AjanI peDhImAMthI temanA uccAzayo siddha karI Ape tevAM pAtronI zodhano prazna rahyo haze ja . sahRdayatA ane mUlyahrAsane kAryakAraNa sabaMdha che. Ajano sarjaka ke Ajano zikSaka - e badhA mUlyahAsanA boja heThaLa jIve che ane tethI udAratA, niHsvArthatA ke samarpaNabhAva keLavAto nathI. dareka vyakti svatvanA saMkucita vartuLamAM jANe ke keda thaI gayo che. mAnavajAta sarvanAzanA othAra heThaLa jIvI rahI che. sittereka varSa pUrve TI. esa. eliyaTe ema kahyuM hatuM ke, navalakathA mRtyu pAmI rahI che. e pachI eDamanDa vilsane kavitA vize evI ja ghoSaNA karI. hakIkatamAM sAhityanA vikAsamAM bharatI-oTa Ave che. tenA keTalAka pradezo ke prakAro sUkA ke lIlA dekhAya, paNa koI ne koI rIte prajAjIvanamAM sAhityajharaNuM vahetuM rahIne amIsiMcana karatuM rahyuM che, paraMtu Aje to sAhityanI AvaradA aMge ja saMzaya pragaTa thAya evI sthiti che. eka samaye koI sAhityaprakAra nAmazeSa thaI jaze evo bhaya hato, have enAthIya vadhAre moTe bhaya e che ke sAhitya svayaM potAnuM astitva TakAvavA mATe keTaluM gajuM kADhI zakaze. manuSyajAti sthitaprajJayoganA badale asthiratAyoganI sAdhanA kare che. Aje mAnavI bhautikatA ane bAhya prAptinI pAchaLa AMdhaLI doTa mUkI rahyo che. enuM samagra cetovizva A badhAnI pAchaLa doDI rahyuM che. vaLI enI A doDamAM judAM judAM vaLAMko ane parivartano Ave che. e satata gati badale che ane mANasanuM mana paNa ema anekaza: badalAtuM jAya che. evAmAM dhAro ke koIne koI vArtA lakhavAnI preraNA thAya, cittamAM e sAhityika nisabata saMvedanA, sahadayatA ane sajatA

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AkAra dhAraNa kare, eno ghATa ane pAtra manamAM nakkI thAya ane tyAM to e jUnI thaI jAya. enA saMdarbha aprastuta banI jAya ! sarjakane potAne emAM jUnApaNuM lAge ! TI. esa. eliyaTanI sAme 20mI sadInA AraMbhe sAhityane pracalita-dUSita khyAlothI mukta karI vaijJAnika yugamAM tenI agatya siddha karI ApavAno prazna hato. teNe vijJAnanI jema kaLA paNa 'varkazopamAM ja , satata mathAmaNa pachI AkAra dhAraNa kare che te darzAvI ene binaaMgatatAnI buniyAda upara saMsiddha karavA para anivAryapaNe bhAra mUkyo. ApaNI 21mI sadImAM kaLAnA astitvano prazna che. vIjANuyaMtro, mAhitIvisphoTa ane te kAraNe prApta thayelI suvidhAo sAme likhita zabdo vize ciMtA thAya tevI sthiti UbhI thaI che. ApaNe ApaNI sadImAM sAhityanI upakArakatA siddha karI ApavAnI rahe che. kevI rIte, kevA mArge ke kevA prayatna, te ApaNA saunI carcAno viSaya banavuM joIe. AjanA samayano paDakAra pustakameLAmAM thatAM pustakonAM vecANamAM bALasAhitya, adhyAtma ane vAnagInuM sAhitya ja agra sthAna bhogave che. tethI saMkhyAtIta prakAzanomAM UchaLI Ave tevI sAhityika kRtionuM pramANa keTaluM ? koI eka dAyakAnA sAhityano abhyAsa karavo hoya to 'uttama'nI vAta bAjue mUko. sArI kahI zakAya tevI kRtionI saMkhyA keTalI ? Aje sAhityakSetre sthira ane navodita ghaNA sarjako kArya kare che, paraMtu chavAI jAya evI unnata pratibhAo ati virala thavA mAMDI che. gujarAtI sAhityakSetre navI pratibhA ane navIna viSayavastuno duSkALa pravarte che evI phariyAda koI kare to temAM tathya nathI evuM bhAgye ja kahI zakIzuM. Aje racAtA thokabaMdha sAhityamAMthI kharA arthamAM upayogI evuM sAhitya keTaluM che te vicAravuM joIe. Alkasa haksalI, jene 'aziSTa sAhitya' kahe che tevuM sAhitya vadhu phelAtuM jAya che. mAtra naphAnI dRSTie pustako mATe 'bajAra' banAvavAmAM Ave che. eka samaye sAhityAkAza para kevA kevA mahAna sarjako chavAyelA hatA ! ravIndranAtha TAgora, premacaMda, ikabAla, gAlibanA jevA. gujarAtamAMye narmada, govardhanarAma, kanaiyAlAla munazI, nhAnAlAla, umAzaMkara jozI jevA sarjako hatA. Aje sAhityanI evI sthiti che ema kahI zakIzuM ? vicArazIlo mATe, sarjaka mATe, sAhityasaMsthAnA dhurINo mATe, globalAijhezanano Ajano samaya eya eka moTo paDakAra che. bhAvakasaMdarbhe paNa je rucisaMpanna bhAvako che tene TakAvavAnA che, to navA paNa UbhA karavAnA che. rucine parita karatuM sAhityasarjana AjanI yuvA peDhIne zuM vAMcavuM game che, kevA prakAranuM sAhitya game che teno vicAra paNa thavo ghaTe. e eka moTA ne cetanAthI bharyAbharyA varganI avagaNanA thaI zake tema nathI. tenI rucine saMtarpa kare tevA sAhityanI mahattA te samaje tevI vAcanAdinI zibiro, pratyakSa vArtAlApo, goSThIo muktapaNe thAya tevI sthiti paNa UbhI karavI paDaze. samAjane anukULa Ave. ane sAthe sAthe tenI rucine pariSkRta kare tevA sarjananI UNapa dUra karavA paNa sAhityika saMsthAoe vicAravuM paDaze. coksa prakAranAM dhoraNathI lakhanAra, saMzodhana karanAra, sAhityamAM viziSTa chApa aMkita karI zake tevAo mATe lakhavAne anukULa vAtAvaraNa pUruM pADavA 'rAiTarsa haTa'no khyAla paNa sAkAra karavo joIe. marAThI raMgamaMcamAM prayogadharmI raMgamaMca ane mukhya pravAha vacce vivAda ke virodha nathI. marAThI ke baMgALI sAhityakAro pAse bhinna bhinna samAjano je anubhava che tevo anubhava gujarAtI sarjakomAM bahudhA jovA maLato nathI. ApaNe ladhurUpomAM vadhu rAcIe chIe. gIta-gajhalathI AgaLa vadhatA nathI. lAMbI nereTiva poeTrI ghaNI ochI maLe che. moTA phalaka para kalpanAno AviSkAra jovA maLato nathI. marAThI nATaka mahArASTrano jIvaMta sAMskRtika srota banyuM che. jyAre gujarAtInuM paheluM nATaka marAThInA anuvAdathI zarU thayuM hatuM ane e pachI aMgrejI nATakonA anuvAdanuM pUra AvyuM. 'harizcaMdra' paNa maulika nATaka nathI. AthI saMvedanA, sahRdayatA ane sajjatA sAhityika nisabata o

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amadAvAdanA bhadra vistAramAM pahelI nATakamaMDaLI nATaka gujarAtImAM karatI ane gIta marAThImAM gavAtAM hatAM ! raMgabhUmi para bhajavAya evAM ane temAMya navAM maulika nATako sthiti sudharI hovA chatAM pramANamAM ochAM maLe che. Ane kAraNe marAThI ke baMgALI raMgabhUminI che tevI vyApaka asara gujarAtI raMgabhUminI nathI. AnuM eka kAraNa e che ke marAThI nATaka enA UgamathI ja maulikatA ane nUtanatA dharAvatuM hatuM. marAThInA Agha nATakakAromAM viSNudAsa bhAve, aSNAsAheba kirloskara, goviMda ballAla devala, rAma gaNeza gaDakarI vagereno phALo viziSTa hato. sAmAnya rIte sarjana paheluM hoya ane pachI vivecana Ave. Adhunika samayamAM pAzcAtyavAdo vize gujarAtImAM vivecana pahelAM lakhAyuM ane pachI enA siddhAMtone caritArtha karavA kavitA, TUMkI vArtA lakhAtI gaI. eka arthamAM kahIe to avaLA gaNeza beThA ! vivecanamAM paNa sarjananI jema umaLakAjanaka sthiti sarjAvAnI bAkI che. hA, keTalAka sphaliMgo jarUra che , paNa vyApI rahe tevuM teja kyAM che ? sAhityika saMvedanA satata parivartita thaI rahI che, tyAre prayoganuM mahattva pragaTa karavAnuM kAma vivecakanuM che. abhivyaktimAM paNa badalAva Avyo che. rAjakAraNa ane naphAlakSitAnA bhAra heThaLa dabAyeluM zikSaNa, vilupta thatI kuTuMbaparaMparAne kAraNe khoravAyeluM samAjajIvana, satata vadhatAM jatAM Arthika dabANo temaja sthAnaparivartanane kAraNe ghaNuM badhuM badalAI rahyuM che. pariveza ane prakRtino cheda UDatAM navA prazno paNa UbhA thayA che. - vivecake A navIna saMdarbhomAM, navI saMbhAvanAo sAthe kAma pADavAnuM che. prAcIna ane paricita sAhitya sAthe tulanAtmaka pRthakkaraNa karIne tenuM mahattva pratipAdita karavAnuM che. vivecaka vAcakanI mAnasika kSitijano vistAra karavAnuM, enI saha-anubhUti khIlavavAnuM, parivartanamAMthI sthAyI tattvone zodhavAnuM ane jIvanane sahiSNu banIne akhilAIthI jovAnuM sAmarthya Ape che. eka pariprekSya mATe, mUlyabodha ane saMskRtinI khoja mATe, A sAjhiyika nisabata samayagALAmAM vadhatI jatI barbaratA sAme eka sAmAjika cetanA jagAvavA kAje, naitika tANAvANA mATe ane bhASA nAmanA rahasyanA sanmAna mATe vivecakanuM hovuM mahattvanuM che. Aje saMzodhananI anukULatA vadhI che. saMzodhananAM sAdhano paNa upalabdha thayAM che, paNa saMzodhananI kakSA ciMtApreraka che. saMzodhana nimitte lakhAtA mahAnibaMdho, laghuzodhanibaMdho ane saMzodhanapatronI kakSA cakAsavI joIe ane temAM khaMta, cIvaTa tathA abhyAsazIlatAnuM umeraNa kaI rIte thAya teno vicAra karavo joIe. dalita sAhitya atyAre lagabhaga sthira thaI dhyAna kheMce che, paNa AdivAsI sAhitya hajI upekSita che. lokasAhitya pratye abhyAsIo vaLyA che e zubhacihna che, paraMtu lupta thatA lokasAhityane sAcavavA aMge koI saghana prayAsa thato nathI. lokasAhitya ane lokasaMskRti pratye maukhika sahAnubhUti rAkhavAmAM Ave che, paNa emAM manoraMjana mATenAM sAMskRtika Ayojano ja bahudhA thAya che. thoDA kalAkAro videza jAya ke thoDAM Ayojana thAya, ethI A kalA jIvI jaze ema kahI zakAya nahi. hakIkatamAM to A kalA e lokonA jIvanano hisso banavI joIe. bALasAhitya mATe carcA thAya che, paNa tenuM pariNAma zuM ? Aje jagata badalAyuM che, bALasRSTi badalAI che, bALamAnasa badalAyuM che. A navuM paryAvaraNa dharAvatuM bALasAhitya ApaNe tyAM keTaluM ? bALamAnasano sarvasAmAnya buddhi-labdhiAMka agAunI peDhInAM bALako karatAM ghaNo vadhyo che e saMdarbhe tene tuSTa kare, toSe tevuM bALasAhitya racAya te AjanI tAtI jarUriyAta che. ghaNI dizAo e taraphanI kholavAnI rahe che. bhASAnuM satata saMmArjana ApaNo zabdakoza ghaNo daridra che. ApaNI pUrvenI peDhIo je zabdo prayojatI hatI, teno vizALa bhaMDAra ApaNe gumAvyo che. navA zabdo sarjavAne badale aMgrejI zabdothI kAma calAvIe chIe, pariNAme paribhASAno moTo savAla Ubho thayo che. bhASAno sArthaka upayoga karavAne saMvedanA, sahadayatA ane sajatA 12

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badale eno amuka prayojana mATe upayoga thAya che. vaLI bhASAmAM satata saMmArjananuM je kArya thavuM joIe, te thatuM nathI. phissA ke lapaTA zabdone dUra karavAmAM AvatA nathI. arthavistAra sAdhI cUkelA athavA to navI cetanAne prakaTa karatA navA zabdone Ameja karavAnA rahe che. bhASAne lagato prazna eka bAjue mUkIne huM Apa sahune apIla karuM chuM ke gujarAtI bhASAnI samRddhi vadhe arthAtu gujarAtI zabdakoza vadhu ne vadhu samRddha thAya, tevuM Apa sahu karI zako tema cho, 'sArtha joDaNIkoza'mAM che, tenAthI ghaNA vadhAre zabdo ApaNI prajAnA jIvanamAM rojabarojanA vyavahAramAM vaparAtA rahe che, jeno ApaNane bhAgye ja khyAla che. cheka umaragAmathI gAMdhIdhAma sudhInA gujarAtanA pradezamAM kevI prasannatA arthe tevI bhAtIgaLa bhASA bolAya che ! A pradezanI bhASA ane bolIonA saMkhyAbaMdha zabdo ApaNA kozamAM umeravAnI jarUra che. Apa sahune sAhitya pariSadanuM ijana che ke dareka pradezamAMthI 'sArtha joDaNIkozamAM hoya nahIM tevA ochAmAM ochA pacAsa zabdo pariSadanA kAryAlayamAM mokalI Ape. e zabdo pariSadanA mukhapatramAM chapAya tevI vyavasthA karI zakAze. ApaNA grAmajIvanane sparzatI navalakathA, navalikA ane kavitAo racAya che. temAMthI paNa koI abhyAsI ke vidyArthI AvA zabdo pasaMda karIne mokalI zake che. DAyasporA sAhityano cahero sAme Avyo che ane sAhityakAra te vaDe kazuMka nUtana aMke karI levAno prayAsa kare che. hamaNAM hamaNAM paradezamAM vasatA gujarAtIono gujarAtI bhASA, sAhitya ane saMskRti mATeno prema vadhu utkaTa rUpe pragaTa thato rahyo che te AnaMdanI vAta che. ApaNe icchI e ke paradezamAM vasatAM gujarAtI kuTuMbo potAnI rIte gujarAtI bhASAne sajIva rAkhe ane navI peDhIne A bhASAne 'gurjIgliza'nI rIte nahIM, paNa zuddha svarUpamAM upayoga karavAnI tAlIma Ape. gujarAtI sAhitya have TekanolojInA yugamAM pravezavuM paDaze. Adhunika zodhakhoLono lAbha laIne durlabha hastaprato ke jUnAM sAmayiko kAlagrasta thAya te pahelAM bacAvI levAM joIe. gujarAtI kAvyasaMgraha sAthe enI sIDI paNa maLavI joIe. sarjakonA avAja ane emanA kAryane dizya-zrAvya mAdhyamamAM jALavavA mATe hajI ghaNuM karavAnuM bAkI che. jUnA mUlyavAna graMthone sIDImAM utArIne jALavI rAkhavA joIe. vebasAiTa ane inTaraneTa dvArA adhatana sAhityika sAmagrI ane pravRttithI vAcaka vAkepha rahI zake. kaoNnpharansa dvArA amerikAmAM vasato kavi laMDana ane amadAvAdamAM potAnI kAvyaracanA saMbhaLAvIne enI vivecanA tatkALa meLavI zake. TekanaoNlaoNjInA saMdarbhamAM madhyakAlIna gujarAtI sAhityanI videzasthita hastapratonuM DijiTalAijhezana paNa jovuM joIe. laMDanamAM AvelI briTiza lAibrerImAMthI madhyakAlIna gujarAtInI mUlyavAna hastaprato prApta thaI che. 'vasaMtavilAsa'nI sauthI jUnI prata Aje ApaNI pAse nathI. dezamAM AvelA jJAnabhaMDAronuM sUcIkaraNa thAya che. e ja rIte atyAre iMglenDamAM bhaMDAronuM kAma cAle che. videza gayelI ApaNI sAMskRtika virAsata meLavavAno A eka prayAsa che. anya bhAratIya bhASAomAMthI gujarAtI sAhitya ghaNuM meLavyuM che. paNa gujarAtI sAhityamAMthI keTalI kRtio anya bhAratIya bhASAomAM anuvAdita thaI haze ? vartamAna samayamAM bhAratIya bhASAomAMthI ane videzI sAhityamAMthI keTalAya anuvAda thAya che. A anuvAdanI pravRtti aMge gaMbhIratApUrvaka vicAravuM joIe. anuvAdanuM mahattva ochuM AMkavAnI jarUra nathI. gujarAta para ravIndranAtha TAgora ane zaradabAbuno keTalo moTo prabhAva che ! e ja rIte mIra, gAliba ane bIjA urdU kavioe gujarAtane keTaluM badhuM ApyuM che ! yUithe, taoNstaoNya, cekhova, dostoyevaskI, maoNliyara, sAtra, kAmU, brenDa ane baeNkeTano bhAratIya sAhitya para keTalo badho prabhAva che ? koI eka bhASA para nahIM, bhAratanI ghaNI bhASAo para teono prabhAva jovA maLe che. kaoNlarija , ArnolDa, eliyaTa ane AI. e. ricArDjha jevA vivecakoe ghaNuM ApyuM che. AthI anuvAdanuM ghaNuM mahattva rahevAnuM ja che. sAhityika nisabata saMvedanA, sahRdayatA ane sajjatA 15

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anya bhAratIya bhASAnA sAhityamAMthI gujarAtI bhASAmAM anuvAda thatA rahyA che, tenAthI ekaMdare lAbha ja thayo che. gujarAtI sAhitya vizvasAhityanA saMparkamAM kadAca bIjI bhASAo karatAM kadAca vadhAre nikaTa rIte AvI zakyuM, tenuM eka kAraNa kadAca A anuvAdapravRtti gaNAya. vaLI ApaNe anuvAda karyA, paNa anukaraNa karyuM nathI. vaLI koI rAjakIya vicArazreNIno pracAra karanAra vAdanI paNa gujarAtanA sAhityakAre bhAgye ja kaMThI bAMdhI che. kyAreka sarjaka duniyA badalavAno abhiniveza laIne nIkaLe che. enuM kAma badalavAnuM nahIM paNa samajAvavAnuM che, AthI amuka pakSa para jhoka mUkIne cAlato sarjaka pracAraka banI jAya che. sAhityanI mukhya nisabata zuM hovuM joIe tenA karatAM zuM che tenI sAthe che. AthI sAhitya e krAMtisarjaka hotuM nathI, paraMtu kAMtipreraka hoya che. e mAnavacittane parivartita kare che, je citta samaya jatAM krAMtinuM sarjana kare che. gujarAtI sAhityamAM gAMdhIvicAra vize kavitA ke navalakathA sarjanArA ApaNo lekhaka paNa 'gAMdhIvAdI'nI chApa dhAraNa karyA vinA sarjana kare che. ramaNalAla vasaMtalAla desAI ke umAzaMkara jozI AnAM be moTAM udAharaNo gaNAya. vaLI je maNe jIvanamAM gAMdhIvicAra apanAvyo emaNe paNa sAhityamAM gAMdhIvAdano pracAra karavAnuM rAkhyuM nathI. kAkA kAlelakara, kizoralAla mazarUvALA ane svAmI AnaMda tenAM sArAM udAharaNo che. samAjanI sAhityAbhimukhatA. Ajano sauthI moTo prazna e che ke AjanuM sAhitya, sAhityakAro ane sAhityika saMsthAo vartamAna samAjane sAhityAbhimukha kaI rIte karI zake ? vizvamAM zikSaNanuM pramANa vRddhi pAme che. AjanA yugamAM sarvAdhika mAnavasaMkhyA zikSita hovA chatAM AvanArI peDhInI sAhitya-abhimukhatA sAme praznArtha khaDo thayo che. Izvarane mATe ema kahevAya che ke - sa yAda na ramate - te ekalo ramato nathI, ema bhAvaka vagaranA sarjakano AnaMda paNa phikko hoya che. sarjaka sarjana veLAe bhAvakane dRSTi samakSa rAkhe nahIM, te samajI zakAya, paNa ApaNA bhAratIya kAvyazAstrIo ane 'kalA khAtara kalAnA siddhAMtanI vAta karatA pAzcAtya sAhitya- mImAMsako paNa svIkAre che ke AsvAda vagara sarjanano zrama mithyA che eTale sAhityakAre prajAnA rucitaMtrane ghaDe tevuM sAhitya racavuM paDe. Aje paristhiti evI che ke gujarAtamAM hoTalamAM 500 rUpiyA kharcanAra pacAsa rUpiyAnuM pustaka kharIdaze nahIM. zikSaNanA kSetramAM A ja rIte pAThyapustaka karatAM traNa gaNI kiMmatanI gAiDo kharIdavAnuM vidyArthIonuM valaNa jovA maLe che. A prakAranI nimna ruci pratye tiraskAra keLavavo joIe. tene mATe nAnI paNa sughaDa vArtArasa dharAvatI racanAo prajAmAM prasaratI karavI joIe. 1930nA dAyakAmAM gUjarAta vidyApITha, dakSiNAmUrti saMsthAe tathA bIjI keTalIka saMsthAoe AvuM kArya karyuM. kamANI karavAne badale enI pAchaLa zuddha sAttvika sAhitya pIrasavAnI bhAvanA rAkhI. chellA be dAyakAthI zrI mahendrabhAI meghANI A kAma karI rahyA che . temanI zAMta-mUka sAhityasevAne jeTalI biradAvIe eTalI ochI che. icchA to evI che ke gujarAtanA 25 jillAomAM eka-eka mahendra meghANI sAttvika surucipUrNa ane rasadAyaka sAhityanA phelAvA mATe puruSArtha kare ane e mATe ApaNI saMsthAo jarUrI prabaMdha kare. gujarAtI sAhityamAM gIta ane gajhalano prabhAva Aje vizeSa rUpe jovAya che. A gIta ane gajhalano upayoga ApaNI vAtane loko sudhI pahoMcADavA mATe karavo joIe. badhA kavio gAyaka hotA nathI ane badhA gAyaka kavi hotA nathI, paraMtu sugama saMgItanA kalAkArono lAbha laIne kavionI kavitAne vyApaka janasamUha sudhI pahoMcADavI joIe ane e ja rIte vArtAonuM paThana nAnAM-nAnAM kendromAM thatuM rahe to navI vArtAnI khubIo lokonA dhyAnamAM AvatI raheze. mAro anubhava evo che ke je kRti lokone pasaMda paDe che te kharIdavAmAM pachI sAhityarasika vargane saMkoca thato nathI. samAjanI ruci keLavavI joIe e mATe UMcA baLanuM sAhitya lakhAya ane samajAya te jarUrI che. evo bhAvaka varga taiyAra thAya che jene ucca koTinA sAhityanI abhiruci jAge. gujarAtI sAhitya pariSadanuM kArya sarjakone protsAhana ApavAnuM che. sAhityika nisabata saMvedanA, sahRdayatA ane sajjatA 16

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mULa sarjananuM baLa hovuM joIe. enuM poSaNa karavAnuM ane sahAya karavAnuM kAma pariSada ane enA jevI anya saMsthAonuM che. AthI sauthI mahattvanI bAbata to sarjakazakti che. Avo sarjakaunmeSa meLavavA mATe cheka chevADAnI vyakti sudhI bhASA ane sAhityane pahoMcADavAM paDaze. sarjake enI samarpaNazIlatAthI A kArya karavAnuM che. Aje rASTra ane samAjamAM saMvedanazIlatA satata ghasAtI jAya che. prajAno moTA bhAgano varga rIDhA rAjakAraNInI khuzAmatamAM ane vyaktigata svArtha sAdhavAmAM DUbelo che. sAhityakAra paNa emAMthI kaI rIte bAkAta rahI zake ? eka jamAnAmAM sAhitya mATe phanAgIrI nahIM, to ochAmAM ochuM svArthano tyAga karavAnI vRtti ane tene mATe sahana karavAnI vRtti hatI te ya have ochI thaI che. vyaktine be rIte sajjatA prApta thAya. eka zikSaka dvArA ane bIjuM potAnA puruSArthathI. mAtra padavI meLavavAthI sajjatA keLavAtI nathI, paraMtu je mArga apanAvyo hoya te mArge dUra dUra javAnI dRSTi, lakSya ane nema hovA joIe. dhyeya vagara sajjatA keLavAtI nathI ane e lakSane pahoMcavA mATe TUMkA mArga tyajIne lAMbA paNa samagra darzana karAvanAra mArgane apanAvavA joIe. ApaNA sAhityamAM A rIte sva-puruSArthathI pragati sAdhanArA aneka sAhityakAronAM dRSTAMto maLe che. saMzodhananA kSetramAM AvelI oTa, madhyakAlIna sAhityanA abhyAsanI upekSA, sAhityanA siddhAMto ane rojabaroja UbhA thatA sAhityika mUlyavattAvALA praznonA abhyAsathI dUra rahevAnuM akaLa valaNa vadhatuM jAya che. ApaNI zikSaNasaMsthAo, sAhityika saMsthAo ane pIDha sAhityakAroe gaMbhIra vicAra karIne Ane mATe judAM judAM Ayojano karavAM joIe. prajAnuM hIra ane sattva ahIM gujarAtI sAhitya pariSadanA sthApaka raNijatarAma vAvAbhAInAM kAryonuM smaraNa thAya che. 1858nI 23mI navembare sAMje nizALethI AvIne iSTadevatA kalamanI sAme mAthuM namAvIne narmade gadgada kaMThe kalamane AdhAre jIvavAnuM nakkI karyuM ane 24-24 varSa sudhI A sAhityika nisabata 18 Ezalkout1 | | | jI 14 asidhArAvrata eNe pALyuM. apAra mAnasika viTaMbaNAo, devAno boja ane gharanA bImAra mANaso mATe davA karAvavAnA paisA na hoya topaNa cAra AnAnA dUdhapauMA para hasatA hasatA jIvana gALanAra narmadanI titikSAnuM smaraNa thAya che. muMbaImAM dhIkatI vakIlAta cAlatI hoya tathA kaccha ane jUnAgaDha jevAM rAjyonI dIvAnagIrI maLatI hoya, tema chatAM 43mA varSe vakIlAtanA vyavasAyamAMthI nivRtta thaIne Arthika saMkaDAmaNa vacce paNa govardhanarAma nivRtti laIne naDiyAdamAM AvIne 'sarasvatIcaMdra' mahAnavalanuM sarjana kare che. mAMdagInI paraMparA kharcanA khADAmAM utAratI hovA chatAM duHkhane paramazaktinI icchAnI prasAdI gaNe che ane kartavyane teno chevaTano Adeza gaNIne aMta sudhI vaLagI rahe che. gujarAtI sAhitya, saMskAra ane saMskRti mATenI e samarpaNavRtti Aje ApaNane preraNA Ape che. amerikAnA pramukha jhaoNna epha. neDIe amerikAnI prajAne kahyuM hatuM ke deze tamane zuM ApyuM eno vicAra karavAne badale tame dezane zuM Apazo teno vicAra karo. sAhitya paratve Aje Avo abhigama keLavavAnI AvazyakatA che. potAnA saMkucita svArtha mATe ja nahIM, have eNe vizvane vize vicAravuM paDaze. atyAra sudhI enI samagra dRSTi vizva para pharI vaLatI nahotI, paNa Aje e potAnA ekadaMDiyA mahelamAM rahIne sAhityasarjana karI zake tema nathI. epha. Ara. levise kavitA sAthe 'kendrIya mAnavatva'no saMbaMdha darzAvyo che. Aje e kendrIya mAnavatAnI khoja jarUrI che. jIvaMta mUlyonI zodha, sauMdaryAtmaka AnaMdanI zodha, sAmAjika ane naitika dRSTi - A saghaLuM mAnavatA Ape che. prakRti para vijaya, TeknaoNlojInI doDa ane AMdhaLI bhautikatAne kAraNe yaMtramAnava banAvanAro mANasa svayaM mAnavane badale yaMtra banI raheze. sAhitya eka jhATake vyaktine enA AsapAsanA jIvana pratye sateja kare che. mAnavajAtie jenA pratye AMkho mIMcI hatI te tarapha jAgrata kare saMvedanA, sahRdayatA ane sajjatA 19

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ko sahiyAro puruSArtha che. jIvana badalAya, tenI sAthe sAhitya badalAya, navA arthone pragaTa karavA mATe e navA prakArano vikAsa kare, paraMtu A navuM rUpa, navo pariveza sAhityane vizeSa aMtardaSTi sAthe kendrIya mAnavatva tarapha dorI jAya che. vivecako bhale navalakathA ke kavitA nAbhizvAsa laI rahyAnI vAta kare koI eka sAhityaprakAra ke sAhityika AMdolananA avasAnanI ghoSaNA kare, paNa koI ne koI svarUpe sAhityasarjana to jIvatuM rahevAnuM ja. jyAM sudhI mAnavInuM hRdaya dhabake che, enuM buddhitaMtra kAryazIla che enI eSaNAo karamAyelI nathI ane tenA AtmAne AnaMdarUpe koLavAnI taka che, tyAM sudhI mANasane maLelI zabdanI bheTa sAhityanA AviSkAra rUpe pravartatI raheze, te niHzaMka che. gujarAtI prajAnuM hIra ane sattva bhUtakALamAM sAhityakalA rUpe AviSkRta thatuM rahyuM che tevuM vartamAna ane bhAvi peDhImAM paNa thatuM rahevAnuM che, emAM zaMkA nathI. A prakAranA sAhityanA unnayana mATenI javAbadArI sarjako, bhAvako ane sAhityane poSatI sAhitya-pariSada jevI tamAma saMsthAonI bane che. karacchapradezanA saMtakavi dAdA meMkaNe luhAranI koDhanA gharagaththu dRSTAMtathI ApelA udAharaNanuM smaraNa thAya che : khuzIe jo khuro kare, dhamaNa dhaoNNa ma lAya: phUDajI gAre karI, saca sona pAya. khuzIonI bhaThThI saLagAvI, dhamaNanI kane tuM baMdha na karato; jUThANAMnI kAMkarIne ogALIne satyanuM sonuM tuM prApta karI zakIza. e dRzya kevuM haze ! vi. saM. 1195nA prAraMbhamAM eka varSamAM savA lAkha zloka dharAvatA saMskRta sAthe prAkRta ane apabhraMza bhASAnuM vyAkaraNa paNa samAvI letA 'siddhahemazabdAnuzAsana'nI nakala hAthI para aMbADImAM mUkIne gujarAtanA pATanagara pATaNamAM sarasvatI-yAtrA yojavAmAM AvI hatI. e samaye sAdhu, rAjA, senApati ane prajA sahu A sarasvatIyAtrAmAM sAmela thayAM hatAM. gujarAtI sAhityanA paroDhano A pahelo jhAMkho prakAza. gujarAtanI asmitA, vidyAprIti ane saMskAritA ja gADanArI A ghaTanA. Aje gujarAtI bhASA sAhityanI A yAtrAmAM mAtra pAMca karoDa gurjara pradezavAsI ke pacAseka lAkha videzavAsIo ja nahIM, balka vidvajanathI mAMDIne gujarAtI bhASA bolatI ekeeka vyakti sAmela thAya tema icchuM chuM. mahAmUlI gujarAtI bhASAne varelI sAhitya pariSada navI sadImAM navo vyApa sAdhe tene mATe sahiyArA prayAsanI jarUra che. AnuM kAraNa e che. ke vartamAna samayamAM aMgrejI mAdhyama ane samUhamAdhyamonA dhasamasatA pUrano sAmano karavA mATe gujarAtI bhASA-sAhitya sAthe nisabata dharAvatA sahu koIe sahiyAro puruSArtha karavAno che. mAtra eka DALInI saMbhALathI AkhuM vRkSa sacavAya nahIM e rIte sAhityanI eka pravRttithI sAhityanuM kAma cAlavAnuM nathI. cAreka bAbato vize sahaciMtana karIe : gujarAtI bhASAnA vikAsanuM; sahiyAro puruSArtha sAhityika nisabata 13 20

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chevADe vasatA mANasa sudhI bhASAsAhityane laI javAnuM; navoditonI sarjanaprakyiA khIlatI rahe te mATe Ayojano karavAnuM ane UMDI sAhityacarcA, saMzodhana, sUcikaraNa jevI pravRttio karavAnuM. mAtRbhASAnA prasAra mATe nizALomAM jaIne sarja ka bALako sAthe saMvAda kare e pravRttino prAraMbha thaI cUkyo che. bALako mATe bALavArtAkathana, bALagIta, joDakaNAM ane bALagAna jevI anya spardhAonuM paNa Ayojana thayuM. samaya jatAM pariSadanA pustakAlayamAM eka alAyado bALavibhAga rAkhavAnuM Ayojana che. 1980mAM pariSadanA maMtrI tarIke kAryabhAra saMbhALyo te pUrve eka samaye zrI cunilAla maDiyAe kaheluM ke pariSadane potAnuM koI kAyamI saranAmuM nathI. e pachI pariSadabhavananuM nirmANa thatAM pariSadane potAnuM saranAmuM maLyuM. have AdivAsI vistAro, gAmaDAMo ane judAM judAM zaheromAM enI pravRttino vyApa vistAravo che , ethI ya vizeSa jyAM jyAM vase gujarAtI, tyAM tyAM gujarAtI sAhitya pariSada - e bhAva sAthe ApaNA maryAdita vartuLamAM sImita rahevAne badale gujarAta ane videzamAM vasatA gujarAtI sarjako sudhI pariSadanI pravRtti vikasAvIe. vizvanA koI paNa khUNe vasato gujarAtI * gujarAtI sAhitya pariSada "nuM saranAmuM banI rahe tema thavuM joIe. pariSadamAM navodita sarjakonI pravRtti sarasa rIte cAle che. amadAvAdamAM dara maMgaLavAre sAMje navodita sarjako potAnI kRti rajU kare che. nIvaDelA sarjako enI samIkSA kare che. ene AdhAre navodita sarja ke potAnI kRti maThArIne punaH rajU kare che. AmAMthI keTalIka kRtio cUMTIne dara cha mahine eka maeNgejhIna svarUpe (pahelAM mAtra kamyuTara-kaMpojhathI) ApavAno Azaya rAkhyo che ane rAja koTa, bhAvanagara, sUrata jevAM zaheromAM navodita sarjakonI pravRtti mATe kendro taiyAra thaI rahyAM che. pariSada pAse samRddha graMthAlaya che. zrI ka. lA. svAdhyAyamaMdira jevI saMzodhanasaMsthA che ane have temAM judI judI saMzodhanapravRttiono prAraMbha karIzuM. vikravarga mATe sAhityika carcA, parisaMvAdo, saMzodhano ane anya pravRttio cAle che, paNa enI sAthe prajAnI ruci saMskAravAno yatna jarUrI che. samUha mAdhyamoe prajAnI rucine raMja katA tarapha vALI che, tyAre ziSTa sAhityika rucinuM ghaDatara jarUrI bane. A kAma mULamAMthI zarU karavuM paDaze ane bALakomAM mAtRbhASAnAM mULiyAM UMDAM ropavAM paDaze. vidvattAnuM dhoraNa UMcuM jAya ane moya gajAnI sAhityika pravRttio cAlatI rahe, tenI sAthosAtha gAmaDAMnA ane AdivAsI samAjanA lokone vadhu ne vadhu sAhityasparza kema maLe tevo prayAsa karavAno vicAra che. AjanA vaizvikIkaraNaglobalAijhezana)nA yugamAM videzamAM vasatA gujarAtIonI pravRttinuM Akalana karavuM saraLa banyuM che. paradezamAM gujarAtI bhASA ane sAhityane vize ghaNI sArI jAgRti jovA maLe che. ApaNA keTalAka sAhityakArono videza-vasavATa paNa AmAM kAraNabhUta che, to ahIMnA sAhityakAro videzanA pravAse jAya che tyAre paNa tyAMnI sAhityapravRttimAM navuM baLa pUre che. A DAyasporA sAhitya gujarAtI sAhityamAM navI anubhavasRSTi ane navI bhASAsamRddhi lAvI zake tema che. Ane mATe videzathI AvatA sAhityakAro sAthe vadhu ne vadhu AdAna-pradAna kaI rIte thAya te sAthe maLIne joIe. gujarAtI sAhitya bahu ochA pramANamAM aMgrejImAM ane anya bhAratIya bhASAomAM pragaTa thAya che. pariSada A kArya enA anuvAda-kendra mAraphate temaja videzasthita gujarAtI lekhakonA sahayogathI vikasAvavA mAge che. pariSadanI vebasAiTano prAraMbha thaI cUkyo che ane atyAre enA dvArA pariSada vizenI sAmAnya jANakArI upalabdha thaI che. zrI ratilAla caMdarayAe taiyAra karelA 'gujarAtI leksikana DaoNTa koma' vize pUrva pariSadapramukha zrI bakulabhAI tripAThInI adhUrI noMdha ('paraba', sapTembara, 2006) maLe che. e kArya aMge paNa pariSada vicArI rahI che. gujarAtanI aneka saMsthAonI mAphaka pariSadane paNa maryAdAo che sAjhiyika nisabata sahiyAro puruSArtha 22

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ko ane emAMthI pariSadane bahAra lAvavAnuM kAma ApaNA sahunuM che. gujarAtI bhASA ane sAhityamAM rasa dharAvatA tamAma lekhako ane vAcakonI A pariSada che. pariSadanuM gaurava sacavAya te pradezanA gaurava barAbara che. pariSada gujarAta ane gujarAta bahAranA sAhityapremI sahadayo pAsethI sUcano meLavavA Atura che. pariSadamAM je kaMI karavA jevuM lAge, te aMge bhAvAtmaka abhigamathI sUcano karazo ane sAthosAtha tame kaI rIte pariSadamAM sakyitA dAkhavI zakazo te paNa jarUra jaNAvazo. ApaNA sarvanI bhASA ane sAhityanA utkarSa mATenI abhilASA pUrNa thAya e ja bhAvanA. huM gurjara vizvanivAsI Aje gujarAtI sAhityamAM dhIre dhIre DAyasporA sAhityano cahero sAme Avyo che ane videzavAsI sAhityakAro emanI kRtio ane sAmayiko dvArA kazuMka nUtana aMke karI levAno prayAsa kare che. yunAiTeDa sTeTsa oNpha amerikA, briTana, keneDA, pAkistAna, pUrva AphrikA, iTalI, oNsTreliyA jevA dezo ke eNnTavarpa jevAM zaheromAM gujarAtI premI sarjako ane sAhityarasikonI sAhityika pravRtti cAlatI rahI che. siMgAporamAM zizuvarganA bIjA dhoraNathI "e" levala eTale ke bAramA dhoraNa sudhInA vidyArthIne viSaya tarIke gujarAtI zIkhavA maLe che. kula terA dhoraNamAM 220 vidyArthI-vidyArthinIo abhyAsa kare che. ahIM zALA-praveza samaye vidyArthIne enI mAtRbhASA pUchavAmAM Ave che ane te noMdhaNI karAvavI paDe che. vaLI zALA evo Agraha rAkhe che ke tamArI mAtRbhASA gujarAtI hoya, to tamAre gujarAtI viSaya levo joIe. keniyAnA nAirobI zaheranI mahAjanavADInA graMthAlayamAM ke pachI tyAM vasatA pAnAcaMda deDhiyA jevA sAhityapremIo pAse 'kyoti', 'AgaLa dhaso' jevAM sAmayikanA aMko che. jemAM videzanI dharatI paranA nevuM varSa pUrvenA svAnubhavo ane tyAMnAM pravAsavarNano maLe che. bhAratamAM thatI pravRttino - pachI te mahAtmA gAMdhIjInuM svataMtratA mATenuM AMdolana hoya ke dezamAM thatI sAmAjika sudhAraNAnI kAmagIrI hoya eno - paDadho e sAmayiko jhIlatA hatAM ane sAthosAtha AsapAsanA vatananI vAto potAnI mAtRbhASAmAM lakhatA hatA. AvAM videzanAM jUnAM sAmayikone koI sI.DI.mAM jALavI le, to e samayano mahattvano sAmAjika sAhityika nisabata huM gurjara vizvanivAsI

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aitihAsika dastAveja prApta thAya ane prAraMbhanA e lekhakonI mAtRbhASA mATenI mathAmaNano paNa khyAla Ave. keTalAka videzavAsI gujarAtI sAhityanAM svIkRta svarUpo ane paraMparAmAM vatanajhurApAnA bhAvo Alekhe che. ahIM gujarAtImAM lakhAya che tevuM sAhitya videzamAM paNa sarjAya che, to tene DAyasporika sAhitya kahIzuM ke sAhityanI mukhya dhArAnuM eka jharaNuM kahIzuM ? paradezamAM vasatA sAhityasarjakanuM mukha hajI gujarAtI sAhitya tarapha che ane te svAbhAvika paNa che, kAraNa ke teonAM prAraMbhanAM varSo taLagujarAtamAM vItyAM che ane enA saMskAro emanA cittamAM deDhIbhUta thayelA che, paNa have gujarAtI sAhityanI mukhya dhArA tarapha mukha rAkhavAne badale jo teo svataMtra rIte e dharatI paranA svAnubhavonI abhivya ita kare to navA viSayo, navo vyApa ane navI tAjagIno anubhava thaI zake. je dezamAM rahetA hoya tenI paristhiti, tenA anubhavo, tenI saMkulatAo ane tyAMnA samAjanAM mUlyo saMgharSono Alekha Ape to tenAthI gujarAtI sAhityanI mukhya dhArA vadhu samRddha thAya. tyAMnA svAnubhavonI rajUAta mATe te sarjakone navI vAka-tarAhonI khoja karavI paDe ane keTalAya navA zabdo ghaDavA paDe. e dezanI bhASAnA keTalAka zabdo sahajatayA emanI kRtiomAMthI * tarI Ave ema paNa bane. e ja rIte temanuM mULa vatana, tyAMnA sAmAjika rivAjo ane jIvanazailI sAthe teo hAla je dezamAM vase che, tyAMnA rivAjo ane jIvanazailI vacce kevI rIte AMtarasaMparka ke AMtarasaMdharSa thayo, tenuM tAraNa paNa maLI zake. videzanA vasavATa-samaye mUlyo, bhAvanAo ane kuTuMbajIvananI rItarasamone anulakSatI saMgharSakathAo anubhavavAnuM thayuM haze, enI to kalpanA ja karavI rahI ! sadbhAgya keTalAka lekhako dvArA AvI kathA racAyelI che. paNa hajI keTalIya kathAo sarjakanI vATa joI rahI che. * yAreka kuLaparaMparAno, che yAreka sAmAjika baMdhanano, che yAreka dharmano to * yAreka bhAvanAono Azaro laIne pUrvasaMcita e sadhaLuM jALavavA mATe keTalI badhI kazamakaza anubhavavI paDI haze ! potIkI jaNasa jALavavA mATe keTalAya navA prayogo karavA paDyA haze. eka caMdarayA kuTuMbanuM dRSTAMta laIe to enI pAMca-pAMca peDhI Aje e kasAthe vyavasAya kare che ane darekane jAte sAjhiyika nisabata vikasavAnI taka maLe ane chatAM kuTuMba sAthe joDAI rahe evI potAnI eka navI ja paddhati zodhI kADhI che. videzavAsI sarjaka AnI vAta kare to ApaNane navIna anubhavasRSTi sAMpaDaze. DAyasporA sAhitya pAse paNa ApaNI keTalIka apekSA che. tyAMnA sarjako potAnA sAhityazokhane khAtara bhale sarjana kare, paraMtu teo eka navA ane vizeSa mAholamAM tyAMnAM janajIvana ane mAnasanuM potAnuM nirIkSaNa paNa Ape. ema thaI zake to gujarAtI sAhityane eka navI baLakaTa abhivyakitanuM sarjana maLaze. A mATe gujarAtI sAhityanI mukhya dhArAthI * yAMka koI rIte judA paDavAnuM thAya, toya vAMdho nathI, kAraNa ke ApaNI sAcI nisabata to sattvazIla sAhitya pAmavAnI che. AjanA azveta sarjako AphrikAthI emanA pUrvajo amerikA AvyA tyAre amerikAmAM temanI kevI kevI yAtanA ane mUMjhavaNono sAmano karavo paDyo, ene vize kathA-sarjana kare che. Aje paNa nigrone amuka dezomAM je sahana karavuM paDe che, enI kathA teo Alekhe che. gujarAtIo videzamAM vasavA gayA tyAranI ane tyAM rahyA pachInI AjanI sthiti kevI che tenuM Alekhana paNa thaI zake. ApaNe gujarAtIo apamAnita chIe ke sanmAnita chIe teno paNa vicAra karavo joIe. videzamAM koI mAnAI padavI ke sthAna ApIne ApaNane gulAmInI beDI paherAvAtI nathI ne, te paNa cakAsavuM paDe, kAraNa ke samAjanA svAbhimAnano kharo rakhevALa to eno sAhityasarjaka che. paradezamAM ApaNuM mAthuM zuM rahe te rItano bhAva hovo joIe ane tethI videzanA e anubhavonuM nikhAlasapaNe Alekhana thavuM joIe. bhAratamAM hiMdu ane muslima vacce bheda che. paraMtu bIjA dezomAM to teo badhA eziyAvAsI tarIke oLakhAya che. videzamAM eka prakAre sAMskRtika saMmizraNa thayeluM che. A DAyasporika sAhityano viSaya banI zake ane emAMthI navI peDhIne navA jIvana mATenI preraNA maLe evuM sarjana thaI zake. ApaNA sattazALI lekhako paradezamAM rahe e ApaNuM gaurava che ane teonuM sarjana te ApaNo AnaMda che. huM gurjara vipanivAsI 26

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mAtRbhASAnuM siMcana thoDA samaya pahelAM amerikAnA hyusTana zaheramAM hato tyAre 30 jeTalA sarjako ane sAhityarasiko maLyA hatA. judA judA kavioe ane sarjakoe potapotAnI racanAo rajU karI. emAMnI keTalIka kAvyaracanAomAM tyAMnA navA mAholane AtmasAt karavAnI sarjaka-mathAmaNa paNa joI zakAtI hatI. vaLI bhinna bhinna vyavasAya karanArI vya itaonI sAhityaprItino paNa tyAre hRdayasparzI anubhava thayo hato. avakAza saMzodhananI vizvaprasiddha saMsthA 'nAsA'nA honsana spesa senTaranA pRthvI-nirIkSaNa vibhAganA mukhya vijJAnI DaoN. kamaleza lullA rimoTa sensiga ane jIo sAyansIsanA viSayanA niSNAta tarIke jANItA che. emaNe avakAzI vijJAnano anubhava dharAvatI kAvyaracanAo rajU karI. koI kavinI najara potAnA vatana para hoya ke bALapaNanuM gAma gumAvyAno ene jhurApo hoya, paraMtu kamaleza lullAne potAnuM gAma, pradeza ke deza nahIM, paNa samagra pRthvI potAnuM vatana lAgatuM hatuM ane e emanI racanAomAM pratibiMbita thatuM hatuM. DAyasporA sAhityanuM have sArA pramANamAM sarjana thAya che. tyAre enuM taTastha mUlyAMkana jarUrI banyuM che. DAyasporA sAhityanI vibhAvanA vize keTaluMka spaSTIkaraNa ane vargIkaraNa jarUrI che. sAmAjika, sAMskRtika ane rAjakIya viSayane e kaI rIte, kayA abhigamathI ane keTalI sarjanAtmakatAthI varNave che te dhoraNe tenuM mUlyAMkana karavAnuM raheze. eka samaye huM gurjara vizvapravAsI' ema kahevAmAM AvatuM. have huM gurjara vizvanivAsI' kahevAnuM prApta thayuM che, tyAre eTalI AzA to rAkhIe ja ke DAyasparA sAhitya dvArA gujarAtI sAhityane vizvacaitanyano nibiDa anubhava-sparza thAya. gujarAtI sAhitya pariSadanA tathA gujarAtIno adhyApaka saMghanA upakrame ekadivasIya adhyApaka-sajjatA zibira yojAI rahI che tyAre gujarAtI bhASAsAhityanA zikSaNa aMge thoDuM vicArIe. bhASAnA adhyApanamAM eka moTI gaMbhIra bhUla e thaI ke Aje sAyansa ane TeknolojInA abhyAsanA saMdarbhamAM ene jarUrI mahattva maLyuM nathI. prAthamika zALAmAMthI ja bALakane aMgrejI mAdhyamamAM bhaNAvIne ApaNe ene rASTrIya cetanA, sAhajika vyaktitva ane bhAratIya dRSTikoNathI dUra - vaMcita rAkhIe chIe. enAmAM bhASAnI asmitA ja pragaTatI nathI. bhASAzikSaNa e sAhityavikAsanI AdhArazilA che. gujarAtI sAhityano itihAsa joIe to khyAla Avaze ke ApaNA ghaNA sarjakonI sAhityarucinI mAvajata ane saMvardhana emanA mAdhyamika zikSaNa daramiyAna thayAM che. Aje mAdhyamika zALAmAM apAtA gujarAtInA zikSaNano vicAra karIe. uccatara mAdhyamika zALAnAM pariNAmo joIe to AghAta lAge ke ghaNI moTI saMkhyAmAM vidyArthIo gujarAtI viSayamAM anuttIrNa thAya che. gujarAtI bhASAne mATe sajja zikSakono abhAva kheMce tevo che. Ane pariNAme gujarAtI sAhitya para ja nahIM balka gujarAtI bhASA, darzana, samAja , sAhitya ane saMskRti - e badhAM para vighAtaka asara thaI che. mAtRbhASA chInavAI jatAM vyakti mULa sotI UkhaDI jAya che ane mAtRbhASAnAM mULiyAM saMvardhana pAmyAM hoya to bALaka saraLatAthI anya bhASA AtmasAt karI zake che. sAhityika nisabata mAtRbhASAnuM siMcana 28 29

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gujarAtI bhASAsAhityanA vikAsa mATe anekavidha pravRttionuM Ayojana thavuM joIe. judI judI vidyAzAkhAnA koza taiyAra thavA joIe. emanA paribhASA-koza hovA joIe. bALagIto ane bALavArtAonA mAdhyamathI bALakomAM mAtRbhASAnuM siMcana karavuM joIe. Ane mATe koI eka pravRtti nahIM paNa eka AMdolana sarjavuM joIe. eka DALInI saMbhALa levAthI vRkSanI saMbhALa levAtI nathI. sAhityanI eka pravRttithI samagra sAhityanuM kAma thAya nahIM. 1909nA oNkTobaramAM rAjakoTamAM yojAyelI trIjI gujarAtI sAhitya pariSadamAM pariSadapramukhanuM bhASaNa ApatAM sva. aMbAlAla sAkaralAla desAIe kaheluM : "aMgrejI zALAomAM apAtuM aMgrejI bhASA sivAyanuM sarva jJAna gujarAtI bhASAmAM ApavuM joIe..... jagatamAM koI paNa sthaLe sAmAnya jJAna parabhASAmAM ApavAno ApaNA dezanA jevo viparIta zikSaNakrma nahIM hoya." aMgrejI sivAyanA badhA viSayo mAtRbhASA dvArA zIkhavavAmAM Ave to zrI aMbAlAla desAI noMdhe che tema, "vidyArthIone paDato zrama kamI thaI zALAomAM bhaNatA dareka yuvAnanA AvaradAnAM kamImAM kamI becAra amUlya varSa Ugare eTaluM ja nahIM, paNa ApaNAM bALakonAM tananI, mananI ne hRdayanI zaktiono ukela ghaNo sAro thAya. keLavaNIno kharca paNa kamI thAya." Aje aMgrejI mAdhyamamAM ToLAbaMdha vidyArthIo jaI rahyA che. muMbaImAM snAtaka kakSAe mAtra cAra kaoNlejomAM gujarAtI pUrNa viSaya tarIke zIkhavavAmAM Ave che ane emAM kula soLeka vidyArthIo che. jo aMgrejI mAdhyamanuM A ghoDApUra aTakaze nahIM to AvatIkAle gujarAtanI paNa AvI paristhiti thAya. Aje mAtra zaheromAM ja nahIM paNa gAmaDAMmAM paNa aMgrejI mAdhyama tarapha dhasAro jovA maLe che. viDaMbanA to e che ke aMgrejI mAdhyamamAM bhaNanAra vidyArthI bIjI bhASA tarIke potAnI mAtRbhASAne badale phrenca pasaMda kare che. A paristhiti aMge mAtra sAhityakAre ja nahIM balke samAjanA tamAma vargoe gaMbhIratApUrvaka vicAra karavAnI jarUra che. mAdhyamika zALAkakSAe mAtRbhASAno juvALa vadhe tema karavuM paDaze. zuddha sAhityika nisabata 30 pulhikoot1 | T 20 gujarAtI bolAya, lakhAya te vize paNa ciMtA-ciMtana karavAM paDaze. kaoNleja- kakSAe gujarAtI sAhitya pratye ruci vadhe tevuM vAtAvaraNa paNa sarjavuM paDaze. narmadanA samayathI mAtRbhASA dvArA zikSaNanI vAta kahevAI che. enAM sArAM pariNAmo duniyAbharamAM jovA maLe che. Aje aMgrejI eka dezanI nahIM, balke AMtararASTrIya vyavahAranI bhASA banI hovAthI e bhASAno paricaya Avazyaka che, paraMtu dIvAnakhAnAmAM besADavAne lAyakane rasoDAmAM pesavA devAya nahIM. ApaNA saMskAra, ApaNI paraMparA, ApaNo itihAsa - e badhuM zIkhavA mATe aMgrejI bhASAne badale ApaNI mAtRbhASAno upayoga thavo joIe. sAmayiko, dainiko ane enI pUrtio phUlIphAlI rahyAM che. saMsthAo dvArA pustaka-prakAzana mATe sahAya maLe che. prakAzako paNa vadhyA che ane DhagalAbaMdha sAhitya ThalavAtuM rahe che. AmAM sAhityanA jeTalI ja sAhityaMtara gaNatarIo paNa rahI haze. zuM ApaNuM AjanuM 'sarerAza' sAhitya e ja ApaNuM satya che ? bhAvakanI nADa pArakhIne ja sarjake lakhatA rahevAnuM che ? AvA prazno to aneka che. pustakAlayo dvArA ghaNI moTI kharIdI karavAmAM Ave che. akAdamIo ane saMsthAo dvArA prakAzana mATe sahAya karavAmAM Ave che. A badhuM thavA chatAM vAcananI vyApaka abhiruci jAgI nathI. pustaka kharIdIne vAMcanArAonI saMkhyA satata ghaTatI jAya che. mAtRbhASAnuM siMcana 31

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zabdo aMke karIe gujarAtI bhASAnA zabdakozamAM ghaNA zabdo aMke karI levAno samaya pAkI gayo che. 19mI sadImAM racAyelA gujarAtI sAhityamAM prayojAyelA keTalAka zabdo ApaNA zabda kozamAM nathI. mahAnavala 'sarasvatIcaMdra'mAMthI ja AvA keTalAka zabdo maLI rahe. e ja rIte 'sArtha joDaNIkoza'mAM na hoya tevA keTalAye zabdo ApaNI prajAnA rojabarojanA jIvana-vyavahAramAM vaparAtA rahe che, jemano ApaNe kozamAM samAveza karavAnI dRSTie vicAra karavo joIe. che ka umaragAmathI gAMdhIdhAma sudhInA gujarAtanA vividha pradezomAM je bhASAkIya samRddhi che te ApaNane Azcaryacakita kare evI bhAtIgaLa ane vipula che , A badhA vistAronA aneka zabdo ApaNA kozamAM sthAna pAmI zake evA che. ApaNA grAmajIvanane sparzatI navalakathAo, navalikAo ane kAvyomAMthI paNa AvA aneka zabdonuM adhikArI abhyAsIo dvArA koza mATe cayana thAya te jarUrI che. judA judA vyavasAyonA ne dharmasaMpradAyonA, vividha kSiAvidhionA paNa aneka zabdo saMgharIne kozamAM mUkavA jevA che. e mATe bhASA-bolIne anulakSatA sarvekSaNonI paNa tAtI jarUra che. ApaNI raheNIkaraNI, khAnapAna vageremAM je jhaDapathI parivartano Ave che teno prabhAva ApaNI bolIomAM - bhASAmAM varatAya che ane tene AvarI levAno vicAra paNa koza-saMpAdakoe karavo joIe. keTalAka vyavasAyo Aje lupta thatA jAya che. keTalAkamAM vyAvasAyika paristhiti ke saMdarbho badalAtAM jAya che; jema ke, Aje makAnanA bAMdhakAmamAMthI 'mobha' jato rahyo che. eve samaye 'mobhI' zabda samajavAnuM muzkela bane. sAhityika nisabata lIMpaNa ane okaLI Aje kyAM jovA maLe che ? evI ja rIte lApasI bhulAtI jAya che ane bargara ke pijhA AvatAM jAya che. AjathI trIseka varSa pahelAM rasoDAmAM je zabdo vaparAtA hatA, te paNa have prayojAtA nathI. AvI paristhitimAM lupta thatA zabdone kozamAM jALavI rAkhavA temaja vaparAzamAM AvatA navA zabdo umeravA jarUrI bane che. eka samaye 'vIMchiyA' ane 'aNavaTa" jevAM ghareNAM paheravAmAM AvatAM hatAM. Aje evAM ghareNAM rahyAM nathI ane samaya jatAM te bhulAI jaze. AthI jarUra hoya to AvAM ghareNAM ke sAdhano citro sAthe kozamAM darzAvavAM joIe. 'sarasvatIcaMdra'nA bIjA bhAgamAM mAnacatura kahe che, "alyA, palluM !" A palluM eTale zuM te AjanI yuvApeDhI jANatI nathI, tethI AjanI peDhI kozanI ke anya koInI madadathI 'palluM'no artha na jANe to ene navalakathAnA AsvAdamAM rasakSati pahoMce, tethI zabdakoze AvA zabdone tenA saMdarbha sAthe kozamAM jALavI rAkhavA jarUrI che. AjanA ApaNA rojiMdA jIvanamAM aneka aMgrejI zabdo evI gADha rIte vaNAI gayA che ke temane pachI ApaNe kozamAM samAvI levA joIe . ApaNA zabdakozamAM 'spiniMga', 'jiniMga', 'klaoNrophila', 'kaMkyuleTara', * kamyuTara', 'TrAnsamiTara' ke 'cimpAnjhI" jevA zabdo nathI. 'hAusaphUla' zabda bolacAlamAM vaparAya che, paNa e zabdakozamAM nathI. e ja rIte 'sabasiDI', 'paeNrapI' jevA vAraMvAra prayojAtA zabdono zabdakozamAM samAveza karavo joIe. AvA aMgrejI zabdono svIkAra karatAM emAM utkRSTa bhASAviveka jaLavAya te jarUrI che. ApaNI bhASAnI garimA ne guMjAzanA bhoge kazuMye na thavuM joIe, vaLI rUDha thaI gayelA aMgrejI zabdone badale gujarAtI zabdo prayojavAno Agraha rakhAya te icchavA yogya che; jema ke 'buka'ne badale 'pustaka' ke 'copaDI' zabda vAparavo joIe. sAthe e paNa kharuM ke aMgrejI zabdanuM bhadraMbhadrIya gujarAtI karI te vAparavAnI jarUra na hoya. jyAM aMgrejI zabdo anivArya hoya tyAM e niHsaMkoca vaparAya to emAM kazuM khoTuM nathI. aMgrejI sameta ghaNIbadhI bhASAo e rIte uttarottara samRddha thatI rahI che. vaLI vijJAna, TekanolojI ane enjiniyariMga jevA viSayomAM zaLe aMke karIe

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lapaTA thaI gayelA zabdo artha khoI bese che. laMDananA 'dha TAimsa'mAM pravezatI vakhate patrakArane zabdayAdI ApavAmAM Ave che ane kahevAmAM Ave che ke A zabdo phissA ane lapaTA thaI gayA hovAthI tamArA ahevAlamAM prayoja zo nahIM. oNksapharDa DikzanerI ke vebasTaramAM uccAranA sUcana sAthe zabdanA vividha artho ApelA che, evI vaijJAnika Dhabe vyutpatti sahita zabdanA artha je te saMdarbha sAthe ApavAno upakrama thavAno ApaNe tyAM haju bAkI che. moniyara viliyamsa saMskRtamAMthI aMgrejI paryAya ane aMgrejImAMthI saMskRtanA paryAyano koza ApavAno prayatna karyo, te adhUruM kAma temanA putra upADI lIdhuM hatuM. ApaNI pAse AvA koza paNa nathI. Aje oNksapharDa dvArA judA judA prakAranA koza prakAzita thAya che, e rIte gujarAtamAM koza vibhAganI eka svataMtra saMsthA sthapAya to kozasAmagrInA zAstrIya saMzodhananuM - saMpAdanasaMcayananuM kAma ekAgratAthI ne saghanatAthI cAlI zake ane koza-sAhityanAM kSetre varatAtuM ApaNuM dAridda TALI zakIe. paribhASAno ja prazna paNa pecIdo che. paribhASAnA nirmANamAM kaDiyA, suthAra, luhAra vagere je taLapadA zabdo prayojatA hoya te enjiniyariMganA vidyArthIoe jANavA joIe ne yogya lAge to upayogamAMye levA joIe. e rIteno upayoga paribhASAnA nirmANamAM sahAyaka thaze. paribhASAmAM paNa je zabda pracalita ane samajavo sugama hoya tene pasaMda karavo joIe. dAktarI vidyAnAM gujarAtI vizvakozanAM adhikaraNonA anubhava parathI ema kahI zakAya ke aneka rogo ane temane lagatI bAbato vize gujarAtImAM adhikaraNo lakhavAmAM DaoN. zilIna zuklane saMskRta bhASAnI moTI madada pAribhASika zabdo taiyAra karavAmAM maLe che ane e rIte tabIbI paribhASAnA nirmANathI gujarAtI bhASAne ja samRddha thavAno lAbha maLato rahe che. eka tabakke zrI maganabhAI desAI emanAM pAThyapustakomAM aMte koza ApatA hatA, jenA AdhAre emAM prayojAyelA navA zabdonI jANakArI maLatI hatI. hakIkatamAM to gujarAtI, bhUgoLa, gaNita, vANijya Adi viSayonAM pAThyapustakomAM Avo koza ApavAmAM Ave to je te zabdonA calaNavalaNano Avazyaka khyAla maLI rahe. madhyakAlIna gujarAtI sAhityamAM prayojAtA zabdono koza zrI jayaMta koThArI pAsethI maLyo. e pUrve choTubhAI nAyake arabI-phArasImAMthI AvelA gujarAtI zabdono paricaya karAvyo. zrI kRSNalAla jhaverIe aMgrejImAM phArasI piMgaLa lakhyuM, teo gujarAtImAM Avo zabdakoza ApI zakyA hota. A vyutpatti-koza karavAnI zrI harivallabha bhAyANInI bhAvanA Aje koI bhASAvijJAnInI rAha joI rahI che. abhyAsakramamAM paNa vyutpattine pUratuM mahattva maLatuM nathI. kahevato, rUDhiprayoga vIsarAtAM jAya che, enI sAthe joDaNInA vargo yojAvA joIe. ema.e.nA vagomAM paNa zrI nagInadAsa pArekha joDaNInI tAlIma ApatA hatA te yAda Ave che. e ja rIte gujarAtInA snAtaka-anusnAtaka abhyAsakramamAM praveza samaye joDaNInI parIkSA hovI joIe. kovijJAnano abhyAsakrama ghaDavAmAM Ave ane tenA zikSaNanuM kAma koI saMsthA upADI le te paNa have khUba jarUrI che. zabdonA umeraNanI sAthosAtha zabdonuM satata saMmArjana thavuM joIe. sAhityika nisabata zabdo aMke karIe upa

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madhyakAlIna sAhityanuM saMzodhana I. sa. 1939nI navamI eprilane ravivAre pATaNamAM yojAyelA hema sArasvata satranA pramukhasthAnethI va* tavya ApatAM zrI kanaiyAlAla munazIe kahyuM hatuM ke have bhaMDAromAM raheluM jJAna duniyAbharamAM pharatuM karavAnuM che. ApaNI hastapratomAM rahelI vipula jJAnarAzinI Aje ATalAM varSIya ApaNane mAhitI nathI. e jJAna duniyAbharamAM pharatuM karavAnI vAta to dUra rahI, paraMtu Ajeya keTalAka hastaprata-bhaMDAronI sUci paNa thaI nathI ane rAjasthAna, mevADa, mAravADa Adi pradezamAM hajI keTalAya evA hastapratabhaMDAro haze jemano ApaNane khyAla paNa nathI. eka samaye gujarAtamAM thatio paTArAmAM AvA hastaprata-saMgraho rAkhatA. emAM guTakAo, chUTAM pAnAM ane mahattvanA aitihAsika lekho maLatAM hatAM, paraMtu e saMgraho sAra-saMbhALane abhAve vecAI gayA ke pachI gAmaDAMomAM khAlI thaI jatAM e * vAMka lupta thaI gayA athavA naSTa thaI gayA. gujarAtanA hastapratabhaMDAronI pUrI yAdI paNa ApaNI pAse upalabdha nathI, tyAre e bhaMDAronI sUzcinI kalpanA to * yAMthI karI zakAya ? jena hastaprata-bhaMDAromAM AvA graMtho sArI rIte sacavAyA che. ane noMdhapAtra bAbata e che ke A graMthabhaMDAromAM jaina uparAMta jainetara graMtho paNa maLe che. emAM lezamAtra sAMpradAyika bheda naDyo nathI. A graMthabhaMDAromAM keTalAka jainetara graMtho to evA paNa che ke je anyatra yAMya upalabdha na hoya athavA to naSTa thaI cUka yA hoya. Ane sAcA arthamAM binasAMpradAyika graMthabhaMDAro kahI zakAya. sAhityika nisabata vaLI bIjI mahattvanI bAbata e che ke A graMtha-jALavaNI khUba cIvaTathI karavAmAM AvI hatI, paraMtu jeTalI cIvaTa graMtha-jALavaNImAM rakhAI che teTalI e graMthonA abhyAsa mATe rAkhavAmAM AvatI nathI, je bhAre khedanI vAta che. gujarAtI sAhityamAM prati varSa madhyakAlIna kRtionAM ghaNAM ochAM saMpAdana bahAra paDe che. je samayagALAmAM aMdAje traNa hajAra jeTalI jaina ane eka hajAra jeTalI jainetara kRtio saMgRhIta maLe che emAMthI keTalI kRtio yogya rIte saMpAdita svarUpamAM ApaNI pAse upalabdha che ? vikramanA bAramA zatakathI madhyakAlIna sAhityanA aMta sudhInA gALAmAM ApaNane dAyake dAyake lakhAyelI hastaprato prApta thAya che. AthI bAramA zatakathI ogaNIsamA zataka sudhInI hastapratomAM gujarAtI bhASAmAM je parivartana thatAM rahyAM che tenI silasilAbaMdha vigato gujarAtI bhASAsAhityanA abhyAsIo icche to meLavI zake ema che. naeNzanala mizana phaoNra menyuskripTa' dvArA AvI hastapratonI noMdhaNI thaI che. samagra dezamAMthI pacAsa lAkha jeTalI hastapratonI mAhitI ekatrita karavAmAM AvI che; paraMtu haju temAM madhyakAlIna gujarAtI hastapratonI khoja bAkI che. AmAMnI moTI saMkhyA jaina hastapratonI - graMthonI hovAno saMbhava che. e jotAM lA. da. bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmaMdira ane bho. je. vidyAbhavana jevI saMsthAo A kAmamAM vizeSa bhAve sahayoga ApI zake. ApaNAM samRddha gaNAtAM pustakAlayomAM paNa AvI hastaprato vize mahattvanI mAhitI ApatI sUcio maLatI nathI. insTiTyUTa oNvu jainaoNlojIe briTanamAM rahelI jaina hastapratonI bhALa meLavavAno prayAsa karyo hato. DaoN. nalinI balabIra, DaoN. kanubhAI zeTha ane DaoN. kalpanAbahena zeThe AnA saMzodhananI javAbadArI uThAvI hatI. AnA pariNAme laMDananI briTiza lAibrerImAMthI aMdAje be hajAra hastaprato prApta thaI hatI. * sapharDa yunivarsiTInI boDeliyata lAibrerImAMthI cAraso ane velakama TrasTa pAsethI bIjI be hajAra jaina hastaprato maLI. laMDananA vikhyAta vi* ToriyA eNnDa AlbarTa myujhiyamamAM paNa keTalIka hastaprato che. AmAMthI laMDananI briTiza madhyakAlIna sAhityanuM saMzodhana

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lAibrerImAM tetAlIsa jeTalAM raMgIna ladhucitro dharAvatI ogaNacAlIsa pRSTha dharAvatI "zAlibhadra copAI'; sattara pRSThanI sittera citrAtmaka AkRtio dharAvatI, ravivAre karavAnI vratavidhi darzAvatI AdityavAra kathA' ke jaina sAdhunA hAthe lakhAyelI strIcaritraviSayaka "zukasaptati' jevI hastaprato abhyAsIone mATe atyaMta mUlyavAna gaNAya. madhyakAlIna gujarAtI hastaprata vAMcavA mATe prAcIna lipi vAMcavAnI tAlIma joIe; te viSayanuM jJAna paNa joIe. saMskRta-prAkRta bhASAno jarUrI paricaya paNa joIe. te uparAMta A badhAMnuM saMkalana karavAnI kSamatA ane vidvattA paNa joIe. A dizAmAM, kamabhAgye, koI sadhana vyavasthita prayAsa thatA nathI. vaLI, eka kRtinA saMpAdanane mATe enI keTalIye hastaprato jovI paDe. emAMthI pasaMdagInI hastaprato meLavavI paDe. A badhAM kAryomAM paNa jAtabhAtanI muzkelIo paDatI hoya che; kAraNa ke hastapratabhaMDAra dharAvanArAone AvI hastapratanI jheraoN* sa ApavAnI ke ene batAvavAnI paNa sUjha-samaja hotI nathI. mahattvanA graMthonIye philma ke phoTosTeTa kaoNpI maLatI nathI. Ama hastaprato meLavavAnI muzkelI, lipi ukelavAmAM AvatI mUMjhavaNa ane pAThAMtarI noMdhavAmAM jarUrI cIvaTa ne cokasAIbharyo zrama - ATalA koThA bhedavAne badale sAhityamAM pIeca.DI. thavA mAgato abhyAsI koI Adhunika viSaya para mahAnibaMdha lakhavAnuM vadhu pasaMda kare evuM sAmAnya rIte jovA maLe che. madhyakAlIna sAhityamAM sAMskRtika abhyAsanI dRSTie ane bhASAvikAsanI dRSTie mahattvanI kRtio maLe che. A kRtione samajavA mATe e yugane samajavo jarUrI bane che. enI paraMparAne jANavI paDe. saMskRti ane sAhitya baMnene sAthe rAkhIne A kRtio jovI paDe. A rIte joIe to premAnaMdanAM AkhyAno jaMgalakhAtAnI TIpa jevAM ka. mA. munazIne lAgelAM tevAM nahIM lAge. vaLI kAvyAcArya mammaTe nirdezelAM vyavahArajJAna ane patnInI jema upadeza pradAna karavAnAM prayojano siddha karatAM aneka kAvyo paNa A madhyakAlIna yugamAM jovA maLaze. madhyakAlIna sAhityanA abhyAsa samaye maulikatA. kartutva ane susaMkalita pATha(integrated text)no vicAra paNa ghaNo mahattvano banI rahe che. maulikatA ane kartutvanA saMdarbhamAM jotAM A gALAnI aneka kRtiomAM dhaNA umerA jovA maLe che. saMskRtamAM eka lAkha zlokono saMgraha dharAvatA mahAbhAratamAMye keTalAM badhAM umeraNa thayAM che te ApaNe jANIe chIe. * yAreka to kartAnuM to mAtra oThuM ja lAge. keTalIka vAra to kartA ke sarjaka potAne nimitta ja mAnato hoya. vaLI sarasvatInA kRpAprasAde pote sarjana karato hovAnuMye te kaheto hoya. pazcimano kartutvano khyAla ApaNA madhyakAlIna sAhitya sAthe pUro baMdha besato nathI. vaLI AjanA mUlyAMkananA mApadaMDathI madhyakAlIna sAhityane cakAsI zakAya nahi; jema ke, mIrAMnuM kAvya tapAsatI vakhate mAtra enA svarUpano ke bhASAkarmano vicAra karIe te na cAle, eno to mukhya Azaya ja bha itano che. narasiMha ke mIrAMne tame kavi nathI tema kadAca kaho to cAle; bha ta nathI tema kaho to sahejeya na cAle. mIrAMnI bha itane bhUlIne tenAM padanI carcA na thAya. e rIte atyAranA mApadaMDothI madhyakAlIna kRtine mApavAno prayatna kRtaka ane * yAreka sAva kaDhaMgo paNa puravAra thAya. A gALAnI kAvyasAmagrIne jema kalAnA tema saMskAra ane saMskRtinAM dhoraNoe jovI-mUlavavI paDe. maukhika paraMparAnuM - kathana ke kathA paraMparAnuM A sAhitya e 'parphormiMga ArTa' hatuM. enA ghaNA aMzo jIvaMta hatA. e aMzone pharIthI jIvaMta karIne madhyakAlIna sAhityano abhyAsa karI zakAya. pada gAIne ja 2jU thaI zake ane to ja eno uThAva Ave. zrI dhArmikalAla paMDyA jevA mANabhaTTonI kalA dvArA ja premAnaMdanAM AkhyAnono kharo anubhava maLe. A kAvyasAhityane AjanI zuddha kavitAno mApadaMDa hamezAM nyAdhyakara na paNa thAya. A kaMThaparaMparAnA kAvyasAhityamAM gAna-vAdya vagereno - saMgItano je sAtha-sahakAra levAya tenoye A kAvyasvarUpono abhyAsa karanAre khyAla karavAno rahe. AvAM kAvyasvarUpone A kSetranA adhikArI gAyakokalAkAro dvArA 2jU karAvI temane dRzya-zrAvya mAdhyamomAM aMkana karAvI levAnI tAtI jarUra che. sAhityika nisabata madhyakAlIna sAhityanuM saMzodhana

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vaLI TekanolojIne kAraNe hastapratanA DijiTAijhezana sudhInI sagavaDa paNa * bhI thaI che. inTaraneTa dvArA hastapratonI mAhitI vizvavyApI banI zake tema che. 'TarniMga peija' dvArA hastapratanAM pRSTha ApoApa phare tevuM paNa thaI zake che ane enI pAchaLa gIta-saMgIta paNa mUkI zakAya. emAM AvatA pAribhASika zabdonI samaja kamyuTaranI cAMpa dvArA meLavI zakAya che ane saMskRtamAM lakhAyelI kRti sAthe eno aMgrejI ke gujarAtI anuvAda paNa mUkI zakAya che. Ama A hastapratanA saMrakSaNanI vahAre AjanI TekanolojI AvI che, paNa kharI jarUra to madhyakAlIna gujarAtI sAhityanuM saMzodhana karanArA abhyAsIonI che ane madhyakAlIna sarjako tathA kRtione abhyAsakramamAM ucita sthAna ApavAnI che. sAhityika samAja ane saMsthAoe A samasyA hala karavA mATe satvare AgaLa AvavuM joIe. sarjakonAM caritro 1898nI 25mI mArce 78 varSa, be mAsa ane cAra divasanuM AyuSya bhogavIne kavi dalapatarAma avasAna pAmyA. nhAnAlAla pAse dalapatarAmanuM caritra AlekhavA mATe sadhaLI sAmagrI hatI. pathArIvaza dalapatarAme chellA paMdara mahinA nhAnAlAlane emanI jIvanakathAnI vistRta noMdha lakhAvI hatI. 'dalapatakAvya' ane "buddhiprakAza'mAM pragaTa thayelI noMdho paNa nhAnAlAlane hAthavagI hatI. 1913thI dalapatarAmanI caritraviSayaka sadhaLI noMdho hovA chatAM dalapatarAmanI jIvanakathA lakhavA mATenA nhAnAlAlanA keTalAya prayatno saphaLa na thayA. Akhare 1928nA jAnyuArImAM emaNe A graMthanI yojanA taiyAra karI. e pachI enAM prakaraNo pADyAM. nhAnAlAla kahe che tema A jIvanakathA lakhavAmAM ghaNuM moDuM thayuM. enuM kAraNa ALasa ke bhAvaochapa nathI. teo kahe che ke sahu sahuno pAkakALa hoya che. jema kerIne jhADa parathI vINI lIdhA pachI e tarata khAI zakAtI nathI, paNa ene keTaloka vakhata pAkavA devI paDe che, tema lakhAyelI kRtine prakAzana pUrve pAkavA devI joIe. kavi nhAnAlAla e kRtine sudhAratA, enuM parimArjana karatA, * yAreka A prakriyA ekathI vadhu vakhata paNa thatI. kavinI lekhananI prathama nakala ane prakAzana mATe taiyAra karela presa kaoNpI vacce khAsse aMtara paDI jatuM. Avo sAhityazrama e emano icchAsvIkRta snehazrama hato. kavi nhAnAlAle lakheluM 'kavIzvara dalapatarAma' e dalapatarAmanA jIvananI sAthosAtha nhAnAlAlanI pratibhAnA ugamakALano paNa paricaya Ape che. dalapatarAmanA sAhityika pradAnanI e vigate vAta kare che. kavi nhAnAlAlane jIvananA aMte hRdayaroga, lo blaDa prezara ane sAhityika nisabata sarjakonAM caritro 40

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zarIre ati vedanA ApatAM kharajavAM thayAM hatAM. eka vAra zrI viSNubhAI bhaTTe emane mAliza karatAM pUchyuM. nhAnAbhAI ! dalapatakathA to Ape lakhI, paNa nAnalakathA koNa lakhaze ?" nhAnAlAle javAba Apyo, 'bhAI, dalapata to DuMgara hato ne nhAnAlAla to Na che." dalapatarAmanuM caritra nhAnAlAle ApyuM ane te hAnAlAlanI utkRSTa sarjanaza itane kAraNe suvAcya banyuM. paraMtu zabdALu bhASAzailI ane atyutithI kareluM caritranAyakanA vyakitatvanuM guNadarzana rasakSati pahoMcADe che. tethI kavi dalapatarAmanuM samatola ane taTastha rIte lakhAyeluM caritra lakhavAnuM bAkI che. e ja rIte kavi nhAnAlAlanuM jIvanacaritra paNa * yAM che ? aMgrejI sAhityamAM nIvaDelA sarjakonAM caritronI zreNI prasiddha che. ApaNe tyAM sarjakonAM AvAM jUja caritro maLe che. eka prazna e thAya ke sarjakanA jIvana sAthe kRtine zo sabaMdha ? hakIkate mANasanuM jIvana akhaMDa padArtha che ane tethI sthULa ane sUkSma vacce jhAjho bheda hoto nathI. vya itanA AMtarajIvanane samajavA mATe enuM bAhya jIvana jarUrI che. kalApInA kAvyane samajavA mATe emanuM jIvana jANavuM jarUrI che. kalApI vize navalarAma nAnuM sarakhuM caritra lakhyuM. paNa te apUrNatAvALuM che. koI kalpanAzIla lekhake kAnta ane kalApInA jIvana para caritra lakhavuM joIe. caritranA AlekhanamAM kalpanAno upayoga caritranAyakanA AMtarasvarUpane samajavA mATe karavo joIe. enAM kAryo parathI enA uddezo pragaTa karavA joIe ane e caritrane jIvaMta banAvavAno prayAsa karavo joIe. caritra e itihAsa che ke kalA evo vivAda thAya che. paNa navalakathAne Avo koI savAla naDato nathI. navalakathAmAM lekhaka caritrane yathecchA bahelAvI zake che, jyAre ahIM caritrakAra aitihAsika satyanI bahAra jaI zakato nathI chatAM ene rasika jarUra banAvI zake. sarjakanA caritrane be prakAre lakhI zakAya. prathama prakAramAM caritra Alekhaka sarjakanA jIvananI dhaTanAone sAMkaLIne enuM vya itatva upasAve che, jyAre bIjA prakAramAM e sarjakanAM lakhANonuM sAhityika nisabata yathArtha mUlyAMkana karIne emAMthI * pasatuM enuM vya itatva AlekhavAmAM Ave che. sarjakonAM caritra-AlekhananI judI judI paddhati jovA maLe che. prathama paddhatimAM kALakrama anusAra enA jIvananI ghaTanAonuM Alekhana karavAmAM Ave che. bIjI paddhati te calacitrAtmaka philmobAyogrAphI) prakAranI che. emAM jIvananAM dezyo eka pachI eka ane kalAtmaka rIte AlekhAya che. ahIM kalpanAno upayoga thAya che, paNa e evo na hovo joIe ke jemAM na banI hoya evI ghaTanAnI vAta hoya. ghaTanA satya ja hoya, paNa enuM nirUpaNa vadhAre jIvaMta banAvavuM joIe. sarjakonAM caritronI e mATe jarUra che ke ghaNI vAra caritra e sarjakane oLakhavAnI bArI banI rahe che. aMgreja kavi zelInuM jIvana, zelInuM vya itatva ane zelInuM sarjana - e traNeyane joIe tyAre kavinI eka cokkasa chabI ApaNane maLe che. sarjakonAM A caritro lokonI ruci ghaDavA mATe paNa upayogI bane che. navI peDhIne preraNA ane navuM darzana paNa Ape che. vya itane kyA hetune lakSa banAvI sarjana-sAdhanA karI, te hetu * yAre prApta karyo, enuM zuM mUlya hatuM. e siddha karavA mATe kayo puruSArtha karyo - A badhI bAbatano khyAla sarjakanA caritramAMthI prApta thAya che. sAkSarono varga e samAjamAM agra (eliTa) varga gaNAya che. enA vicAro, kAryo ane sarjana e samAja ane rASTranA ghaDataramAM mahattvanuM pradAna kare che. narmadake govardhanarAme sAme Adarza rAkhIne prayatno karyA. sAmAnya rIte ApaNe sarjakane enI kRti parathI oLakhIe chIe, paraMtu e kRti sAthe sarjakonuM jIvana evI rIte jaDAyeluM hoya che ke enuM caritra vAMcIe to vadhu sArI rIte samajI zakIe. A caritra kutUhala khAtara nahIM, paNa ApaNI jJAnavRddhi mATe vAMcavuM jarUrI che. narasiMharAvanI 'kusumamALA'nAM kAvyo vAMcIe tyAre emaNe prakRtinAM vidhavidha rUpo kevI rIte joyAM haze, kevA anubhavyA haze. e badhuM jANavAnuM saheje mana thAya. 'narasiMharAvanI rojanIzImAMthI AnI thoDI vigato prApta thAya che, paraMtu e saMpUrNa mAhitI ApatI nathI. narasiMharAvanuM vistRta jIvanacaritra hota to e saMpUrNa mAhitI ApaNe meLavI za yA hota. sarjakonAM caritro 43

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navA viSayonI kSitija ApaNe tyAM abhyAsanuM dAridraya eTaluM badhuM che ke lekhakanuM pUruM nAma paNa keTalAka jANatA nathI. ramaNabhAI ane ramaNalAla ke mohanabhAI ane mohanalAla judA che evo bheda paNa ghaNAnI jANamAM hoto nathI. sarjako vizenI prAthamika mAhitI nizALathI yunivarsiTInA abhyAsakrama daramyAna pUratA pramANamAM maLatI nathI. AvAM caritro sarjako vizenI pramANabhUta mAhitI upalabdha karI Apaze. caritra-Alekhana samaye mulAkAto laIne emAMthI satya tAravavuM joIe. e vya itanA dharanuM pustakAlaya, enI vastuo ane enI jIvanazailInuM paNa AmAM mahattva che. viliyama ze* sapiyara, vajhavartha ke briTananA vaDApradhAna ane sAhitya mATe nobela pAritoSika meLavanAra vinsTana carcilanuM ghara Aje yathAvatuM jALavI rAkhavAmAM AvyuM che. bIjI bAju gujarAta kaoNleja pAse nhAnAlAla vasatA hatA e ghara ApaNe jALavI za* yA nathI, to kalApInI samAdhine sArI rIte rAkhI za* yA nathI. sAhitya pratye ruci dharAvatI prajAe potAnA sarjakanA jIvananI ekSara-smRti snehathI jALavavI na joIe ? kavi suMdaramUnI janmazatAbdInA varSe emanuM caritra maLe to ApaNe keTalA badhA nyAla thaI jaIzuM ! AjanI yuvAna peDhI sAhitya ane anya kalAothI vimukha banI rahI che evI phariyAda vAraMvAra saMbhaLAya che. ene sAhityAbhimukha karavA mATe zuM karI zakAya ? e sAcuM che ke navI peDhInA sarjaka-vivecakane vyApaka ane virATa paDakAro sAme UbhA rahevAnuM che. anya bhAratIya bhASAnA ke paradezI sAhityanA saMparka uparAMta vijJAna, TeknaoNlojI, sAmAjika gatividhi, rAjakIya prazno ane vaizvika dhaTanAo sAthe eNe nAto joDavAno che. eka samaye ApaNo kavi kAvyamAM megha ane caMdAnI vAta karIne kRtakRtya thaI jato hato, have eNe vaizvika anubhUtine potAnA vyApamAM lIdhI che ane e vizvapravAsI banI cUkyo che. pariNAme sAhityanI bhASA, zailI ane viSaya e badhI bAbatomAM AmUla parivartana AvyuM che. paMDitayuganA sarjakonI bhASAmAM thoDo ThaThAro hato. AlaMkArika bhASAne pariNAme kvacit kRtrimatA AvI gaI hatI. gAMdhIyuganI koziyAnI bhASAnA vicAre gujarAtI gadyamAM navuM parivartana ANyuM. Aje vaLI gujarAtI bhASA navuM kAThuM dhAraNa karI rahI che. aMgrejI zabdothI mizra evI bhASAno e sahetuka upayoga kare che. koI majAkamAM ene 'gujaraMgrejI' paNa kahe che. vartamAna samaye sarjaka ke vivecaka enA gujarAtI lakhANamAM aMgrejI zabdo prayoje che. keTalAka anivArya che ane keTalAka paribhASA khoLavAnI nikyitAne kAraNe prayojAyelA che. keTalAka sarjako videzanA mAholamAM kavitAnuM sarjana kare che tethI AvA navA viSayonI kSitija sAhityika nisabata

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zabdo ApoApa emanA sarjanamAM phUTI nIkaLe te svAbhAvika che. gadyakSetre A navuM valaNa dhIre dhIre vistaratuM jAya che. gujarAtI sarjaka 'DaoNTa koma'nA viSaya para kAvyasarjana kare che. viSaya game te hoya, mAtra kavitA bane te ApaNI nisabata che. viSayono vyApa kyAM sudhI pahoMcaze enI Aje to kalpanA karavI muzkela che. vijJAna eTalI tvarita gatie cAle che ke eka dezanA mAnavInA dhaDa para anya dezanA mAnavInuM mastaka jovA maLe to navAI nahIM lAge. sarjakoe kSaNe kSaNe badalAtI A paristhiti sAthe tAla meLavavo paDaze ane Ane mATe satata vikasatA rahevuM paDaze. eNe sAhitya vizeno abhigama paNa badalavo paDaze. koI paNa prayoga ghareDamAM paDe te pahelAM e prayoga pratibhAzALI sarja ke tyajI devo jarUrI banaze. vaLI AvatA yugane pichANIne sarjana ane vivecanamAM moTA pramANamAM prayogo karavA jarUrI banaze. vicAramAM maulikatA, gaghamAM baLakaTatA ane abhigamamAM nAvInya mATe sarjanapuruSArtha karavAno raheze. keTalA badhA viSayo ApaNI AsapAsa vaNakheDAyelA jovA maLe che. gujarAtano 1600 kilomITarano dariyo ane enI AsapAsa rahetI prajA ane enuM vAtAvaraNa ApaNA sAhityamAM ochAmAM ochuM jhilAyuM che. aMgrejo AvyA te pUrve che ke prAcIna kALathI gujarAtI prajA vepArI prajA che. haDappA saMskRtinuM gujarAtamAM dariyAI mArge I. sa. pUrve Azare 3000 varSa pahelAM Agamana thayuM hatuM ane e loko kaccha ane saurASTramAM tathA dakSiNa gujarAtamAM bharUca ane sUrata najIka vasyA hatA. lothala sukabhAdara nadI paranuM sauthI samRddha baMdara hatuM, tyArathI mAMDIne Aja sudhI vepAra e gujarAtI prajAnI eka viziSTatA rahI che. ene kendramAM rAkhIne kAvyasarjana na thAya te barAbara, paraMtu ene viSaya tarIke vArtA ke nATakamAM prayojI zakAya. ApaNI pAse samRddha sAMskRtika paraMparA che, jeno jhaveracaMda meghANInA samaya bAda bahu ocho upayoga thayo che. itihAsanI cULa ghaTanAne badale itihAsamAM jovA maLatA mAnavIya saMbaMdhonI vAto lakhAvI joIe. ahIM dIvanAM jeThIbAIno kisso yAda Ave che. e samaye porTugIjha zAsana heThaLa rahelA A pradezamAM evo sAjhiyika nisabata kAyado hato ke koI sthAnika rahevAsI gujarI jAya, to tenI milakata sarakAra japta karI letI hatI. AnI sAme bahAdura jeThIbAIe virodha karavAno nirdhAra karyo. emaNe porTugIjha bhASAmAM porTugAlanI rANIne arajI rUpe lakhANa taiyAra karyuM ane enuM bIbuM banAvIne sADI para chApyuM. porTugAlanI rANIne potAnI arajI rUpe A sADI ApI. rANI enI AvI sUjhathI khuza thaI ane e kAyado rada karyo, eTaluM ja nahIM paNa jeThIbAInuM sanmAna karyuM. koI paNa porTugIjha adhikArI enA ghara AgaLathI pasAra thAya tyAre enI heTa utArIne jeThIbAIne sanmAna Apato. AvAM keTalAMya caritrone bhinna ane vyApaka abhigamathI rajU karavAno prayatna thaI zake. AvanArI peDhI vize vicAra karIe tyAre emAM sAmAnya rIte be prakAranA yuvAno jovA maLe che. eka che atyaMta buddhizALI ane bIjA che sAva prApta ke sthULa ruci dharAvanArA. A sthaLa ruci dharAvanArA lokone koI * Adarzoka' hoto nathI. koI ucca mahattvAkAMkSA ke dhyeyathI e jIvatA nathI. e mAtra jIve che e ja emano jIvavAno purAvo hoya che. atyaMta buddhizALI lokomAM keTalAka unnatabhra (hAI bro) hoya che, to keTalAka potAnI bhASA, asmitA ane paraMparAne oLakhavA mathatA hoya che. hakIkatamAM mAnavajIvananAM mUlyo AjanA yugamAM ja sauthI vadhAre sapATI para AvyAM che. AjanI navI peDhIne mAnavatApremI saMto ane mUlyaniSTha mAnavIo pasaMda che. ene mATe mahAtmA gAMdhI agAu hatA teTalA ja prastuta che. zrI nArAyaNa desAIe nyUjarsInA potAnA pravAsa vize lakhatAM noMdhyuM che ke emanA yajamAne emane emanA putranI oraDImAM vAso Apyo hato. yajamAnanA A putrane je lakhANanA lIdhe 'e-vana' jevI UMcI guNavattA prApta thaI hatI tenuM eka lakhANa eNe e khaMDanA bAraNA para coMTADyuM hatuM. bAra varSanA A chokarAe 'Diyara gAMdhIne saMbodhIne patra lakhyo hato. emAM lakhyuM, "A rajAmAM ApanI AtmakathA vAMcI. mane mAtra eTaluM ja du:kha che ke tame ATalA badhA vahelA kema janmyA ? tamArI vadhAre jarUra to A jamAnAmAM che. paNa kAMI nahIM. ame beThA chIe ane tamAro bodha amArI pAse che. ame navA viSayonI kSitija

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tamArI mAphaka satyanA prayogo karatAM zIkhIzuM." A ghaTanA darzAve che ke mahAtmA gAMdhI AjanA yugamAM paNa prastuta che. A prakAranA viSayavastu para thatI racanAo navI peDhIne mATe hRdayasparzI bane kharI. navI peDhIne mUlyo AkarSe che, paNa e mUlyonuM jIvanamAM vistaraNa thaI zake tevo Adarza maLato nathI. 'yugamUrti vArtAkAra' ramaNalAla vasaMtalAla desAInI I. 1950nA mArcamAM 'pralaya' navalakathA pragaTa thaI. eka samaye 'bhArelo agni' jevI ahiMsaka zaktino mahimA karatI navalakathA ApanAra ramaNalAla desAI AjhAdI pachI nizcaMta thayA hatA. sAmyavAda ane samAjavAdanI moTI moTI vAto sAthe mAnavajAtanI vadhatI azAMti joIne vIsamI sadI emane 'moTAmAM moTuM duHkhasakuM' lAge che. copAsa saMbhaLAtA pragatizIlatAnA DholatrAMsA e khagrAsa vakhate dIvAsaLIo saLagAvI saLagAvI 'A rahyo prakAza ! A rahyo prakAza !' kahI janatAne vIsamI sadInA bhATacAraNo bhulAvAmAM nAkhe che tema kahe che. vijJAnIo ane rAjakAraNIonI be dharImAM vizva vaheMcAze ane emanA saMgharSamAM vizvano vinAza thato joIne vAnara kahe che, 'sAruM thayuM ke huM A utkrAMtimAM eka pagaluM cUkI gayo.' ramaNalAla desAIe e samaye yuvAnone kahyuM hatuM huM jhoLI laIne Avyo chuM; mane pAtro Apo. Ajano sarjaka paNa AjanA yuvAnone Ama kaheze. sukhyAta videzI sarjako sarjana pUrve ghaNA lAMbA samaya sudhI kRtinA viSayane pAmavAnI mathAmaNa karatA hoya che. Ane mATe e saMzodhana kare che. upalabdha sAhityasAmagrInuM vAcana kare che. tAddazya anubhava meLavavA mATe e dUradUranA pradezonA pravAse ke cheka yuddhabhUmi sudhI jatA hoya che. nepoliyananA AkrmaNanI bhUmikAnI paDakhe raziyana samAjanuM citra 'vaoNra eNnDa pIsa'mAM liyo TaoNlsTaoNya lAMbA anubhavanA nicoDa sAthe rajU kare che. khyAtanAma phrenca sarjaka samaraseTa maoNme prathama vizvayuddha daramiyAna embyulansa vAnanA DrAivaranI kAmagIrI svIkArI. teo lazkaranI bauddhika pAMkhamAM lekhakanA nAte samAveza pAmyA. emanA A badhA anubhavo emanI AtmakathAtmaka navalakathA 'oNva hyumana bonDeja' tathA dha mUna eNnDa siksa pensa' navalakathA temaja emanA nATaka 'phora sAhityika nisabata 48 tahikool1 - 29 sarvisIsa renDarDa' ane navalikAsaMgraha 'aMzenDana' maLe che. 'pheravela TU Armsa'nA sarjaka arnesTa hemiMgve cheka yuddhabhUmi sudhI jaI AvyA hatA ane emAMthI emanI racanAonuM prAgaTya thayuM hatuM. pulitjhara pAritoSika meLavanAra eleksa herenI "dha ruTsa' navalakathAmAM lekhaka gulAmo tarIke pakaDIne lavAyelA potAnA pUrvajonAM mULiyAM zodhavA mATe AphrikA khaMDa sudhI pahoMce che ane je rIte temanA pUrvajoe sTImaranA bhaMDakiyAmAM pATiyA sAthe beDIothI jakaDAIne bhayAnaka lAMbI musApharI karI hatI, e rIte eleksa here svayaM bhaMDakiyAmAM purAI, pATiyA sAthe sAMkaLothI jakaDAIne musApharI kare che. pUrA bAra varSanA puruSArthane aMte 'dha ruTsa'nuM sarjana thayuM. e mATeno lekhakano saMzodhanapuruSArtha svayaM romAMcaka kathA jevo che. Aje vikrma seTha jevA sarjako mahinAo sudhI potAnA viSayavastunuM UMDuM saMzodhana kare che. temAM AlekhAnArI paristhitino tAddazya anubhava meLavavA prayAsa kare che ane pachI kalama upADe che. ApaNA sarjako potIkA anubhavanI mUDI bAbate ochA Utare evA nathI, paraMtu navA navA viSayonI kSitijo khoLavAnI ane ene AlekhavAnI vRtti pramANamAM maMda jovA maLe che. jAnapadI navalakathA, kavitA, vArtAo ke nATako puSkaLa pramANamAM lakhAya che, paraMtu rAjakIya saMgharSo AlekhatI racanAo keTalI ? Aje navI peDhIne sAhitya tarapha vALavA-AkarSavA mATe jAgatika bhUmikAe ApaNe vicAravuM paDaze ane e mATe navA viSayavastuonI khoja ane navo abhigama jarUrI banaze. navA viSayonI kSitija

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bhAratIya bhASAnAM sarjako bhAratIya bhASAmaMca para hAMsiyAmAM rahelI bhASAonI gatividhi kevI haze ? bhAratIya baMdhAraNamAM chellA thoDAka samayamAM koMkaNI, maNipurI, boDo, maithilI, DogarI ane saMtAlI jevI mAnya bhASA bolanArA bhASakoe potAnI mAtRbhASA kAje dIrdha ane tIvra saMgharSa veThyo che. mAtRbhASAnI mAnyatA mATe AMdolano thayAM che ane kyAMka e AMdolanomAM keTalIka vyaktioe prANa paNa gumAvyA che. A saMgharSanA mULamAM vAta hatI mAtRbhASAmAM zikSaNa ApavA aMgenI. e bhASApremIo cAhatA hatA ke amane amArI mAtRbhASAmAM zikSaNa maLavuM joIe. kAzmIramAM sattAvAra bhASA tarIke urdU ane bIjI bhASA tarIke aMgrejI ke hiMdI prayojAtI hatI. vicitra vAta to e che ke kAzmIranI khINanA pradezomAM pahelAM kaoNleja ane yunivarsiTImAM kAzamIrI bhASA zIkhavavAno prAraMbha thayo ane atyAre nizALanA abhyAsakramamAM dAkhala karavA prayatna thAya che. saMtAla jAtinI AdivAsI peTAjAti kheravAlamAM janmelA paM. raghunAtha murkhane UDiyA bhASAmAM abhyAsa karatAM mana lAgyuM nahIM. emane haiye emanI mAtRbhASA vasI gaI hatI tethI saMtAlI bhASAnA vikAsa mATe 'eka bhASA - eka lipino Agraha rAkhIne oNlacikI lipine pratiSThA apAvI. temaNe svayaM e sAhityasarjana karyuM. tAjetaramAM bhArata sarakAranA AyakaravibhAgamAM kArya karatA 'da cirAgala' nAmanA saimAsikanA saMpAdaka rAmacaMdra murmue 'guru gamake paMDeta raghunAtha murmanuM jIvanacaritra lakhIne emanA mAtRbhASAnA kAryane biradAvyuM che. Aje koMkaNI bhASAmAM ghaNA sarjako jussAbhera sarjana karI rahyA che ane e bhASAne vAmana raghunAtha vaDe valunIkare jAti ane dharmanA bhedathI mukta karI, hiMdu-krizciyana tamAma koMkaNIone eka karyA ane Adhunika koMkaNI sAhityanA pravartaka banyA. koMkaNI eka evI bhASA che je pAMca-cha lipimAM lakhAtI hatI. pahelAM brAhmI lipimAM lakhAtI koMkaNI, romana, kannaDa, malayALama ane arabI lipiomAM paNa lakhAya che. 1987nI 4thI phebruArIe devanAgarI lipimAM lakhAtI koMkaNI bhASA govAnI sattAvAra bhASA banI. A badhI bhASAonI jALavaNI mATenA prayatnanI pAchaLa potAnI saMskAra temaja saMskRtinI asmitAne, potAnI prAcIna sAhityaparaMparA temaja mUlyavyavasthA jALavavAno emanA sarjako ane bhASakono uddeza rahelo hoya che. koMkaNI bhASAnI paNa AvI ja vicitra paristhiti hatI. tyAM porTugIjha bhASA sattAvAra bhASA thaI. govAnA krizciyanoe porTugIjha apanAvI ane hiMduoe marAThI apanAvI. AthI banyuM evuM ke govAmAMthI sthaLAMtara karI gayelA lokoe govAnI A vartamAna rAjabhASAne jIvatI rAkhI. mAtRbhASAne TakAvavA ane samRddha karavA bhAvako ane sarjakoe dhUNI dhakhAvI. A bhASAnA sarjakomAM vizeSa adhyApako, ijanero ane sarakArI adhikArIo jovA maLe che. vaLI AmAMnA keTalAka sarjako pUrve hiMdI ke aMgrejImAM racanA karatA hatA, te have mAtRbhASA tarapha vaLyA che. | hiMdI, paMjAbI, urdU ne aMgrejI jANatA DogarI bhASAnA sarjaka darzana dardIne khyAla Avyo ke jema prema ane gIta paryAyarUpa che, te ja rIte kavitA ane mAtRbhASA paryAyarUpa che. AthI emaNe DogarI bhASAmAM Adhunika kAvyasaMvedanA, navIna kalpanA tathA maulika viSayavastu sAthe kAvyasarjana karyuM. cheka aDhAramI sadIthI DogarImAM racanAo thatI hatI, paNa ene rASTrIya bhASAno darajjo to 2003nI 22mI Disembare maLyo. A bhASAnI aneka bolIo maLe che, kAraNa ke bhAratIya AryakuLanI A bhASA bhArata ane pAkistAnamAM bolAya che. jammu, kAzmIra, himAcala pradeza ane cheka paMjAba sudhI enA bhASako maLe che. sAhityika nisabata bhAratIya bhASAnAM sarjako pa0

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potAnA AgavA mULAkSaro dharAvatI saMtAlI bhASA jhArakhaMDa, asama, bihAra, orisA ane pazcima baMgALamAM maLe che; jyAre maNipurI bhASA to maNipura, asama, tripurA uparAMta bAMglAdeza ane myAnamAramAM paNa maLe che. maNipuranI e rAjabhASA che. maNipurI bhASAnA lekhaka zaratacAMdA thiyAma vyavasAye to sarakArI juniyara enjiniyara che, paraMtu vicAre che ke A sarakArI nokarI choDIne mAtra lekhana para nirvAha thaI zake to kevuM sAruM ? zaratacAMda thiyAme lakhelI grIsanI pravAsakathA 'nuzibI grIsane sAhitya akAdamIno puraskAra maLyo ane emanA A pravAsavarNanamAM rASTrabhakti, AMtararASTrIyatA tathA grIsanA prAcIna itihAsa, mahAkAvya, rAjakAraNa ane samAja pratyeno emano zraddhAbhAva pragaTa thAya che. maNipuranI vartamAna paristhitithI ati vyathita thiyAmane lekhanamAM ja zAMti ane AzAyeza maLe che. maNipurI bhASAmAM mahAsabhAgya hoya tene ja koI prakAzaka maLe che. joke emanA kahevA pramANe prakAzananI pratikULatA hovA chatAM zokhathI lekhana karanArAonI ghaNI moTI saMkhyA che. sikkima ane nepALanI sattAvAra bhASA nepALI che. sikkima rAjyanA mukhyapradhAna DaoN. pavana cImaliMga svayaM kavi che ane atyAra sudhImAM emanAM baso pustako prakAzita thaI cUkyAM che. nAnakaDA sikkima rAjyanAM gAmaDAMomAM emaNe ekaso jeTalAM graMthAlayo sthApyAM che. kadAca bhAratanuM A ekamAtra rAjya haze ke jyAM sAhitya akAdamI puraskAravijetAne dara mahine viziSTa Arthika sahAya ApavAmAM Ave che. enA jANItA sarjaka bhIma dAhala 1954mAM pazcima sikkimanA thiMbugoMgamAM janmelA che. lekhaka, patrakAra ane traNa traNa vakhata lokasabhAnA sabhya bananAra A sarja ke gAmaDAMomAM rahenArA lokonA rojiMdA jIvanamAM rAjakIya hastakSepane kAraNe thatA sAmAjika parivartanano emanI navalakathA 'droha'mAM Alekha Apyo che. AvI ja grAmajIvananI vAta samRddha kathAsAhitya dharAvatI maithilI bhASAnA sarjaka vibhUti AnaMde emanA akAdamI-puraskRta 'kATha" nAmanA kathAsaMgrahamAM karI che jemAM mithilA kSetranA grAmINa samAjanI visaMgatio sAhityika nisabata para vyaMgya paNa che. A sarjakanA hRdayamAM haMmezAM potAnuM gAma vase che. gAmamAM pahelI vAra zarU thayelA peTrola paMpanA peTrolanI gaMdha ane gAmamAM pahelI vAra moTaranuM Agamana thatAM jovA maLelo lokajuvALa - e badhuM A sarjaka bhUlyA nathI. mahAna kavi vidyApatinI bhASA maithilI hatI. e bhASA vize sara jyorja abrAhama griyarsane vyAkaraNa racyuM hatuM. paraMparAgata rIte maithilI lipimAM lakhAtI A bhASA atyAre devanAgarI lipimAM lakhavAmAM Ave che. A badhI bhASAonI lipi paNa eka svataMtra abhyAsano viSaya bane; jema ke bhArata ane pAkistAna baMnemAM sattAvAra darajjo dharAvatI siMdhI bhASA devanAgarI lipi ane thoDI vadhu saraLa banAvAyelI arabI lipi - ema baMne lipimAM mAnya che. A bhASAnA sarjakone emanA sarjana mATe virodha sahana karavo paDyo haze kharo ? chellAM trIsa varSathI koMkaNI bhASA mATe ApaNA narmada jevA dhakhArAthI mAtRbhASAno prema darzAvanAra dattA dAmodara nAyakane temaNe 'samAjaprabodhana'nA hetuthI lakhelA tIkhA, tarkapUrNa nibaMdhone kAraNe ghaNuM sahana karavuM paDyuM. kuzaLa vepArI, prakhara samAja sudhAraka ane satata pravAsI evA dattA dAmodara nAyakanA vicArono virodha karatA nanAmA patro, phona ke dhamakIo to AvI; paNa ethIya vadhu emanA vyApArI pratiSThAna para rAjakIya dveSa rAkhI humalo karavAmAM Avyo ane emane kArAvAsa paNa bhogavavo paDyo. Ama chatAM A sarjaka potAnA vicAro ane sarjanamAMthI sahejeya DagyA nahIM. AsAmanA siMbaliguDImAM 1964mAM janmelA kAtindra soragiyAri nAmanA nizALanA sahAyaka zikSakane emanA sarjanane kAraNe ghaNuM sahana karavuM paDayuM. 1969mAM AsAmanA guvAhATImAM AvelA AkAzavANInA boDo bhASA vibhAge emanI sAthe be kAvya mATe karAra karyo. e kAvyo hato 'jIDo naveMbara' (16 navembara) ane 'phulabIlInI simAMka' (vahelI paroDhanuM svapna). kAtindra pAse reDiyo-seTa nahoto, tethI eNe mitranA ghera jaIne bhAratIya bhASAnAM sarjako 53

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heThaLa satata sarjana karatA jAya che - mAtra potAnI mAtRbhASA boDonA premane khAtare. sAhitya akAdamInA maMca para dezanI vibhinna bhASAnA sarjakonI mulAkAta e mATe Azcaryapreraka bane ke ApaNA dezanI anya bhASAo vize ApaNe keTalI nahIMvat mAhitI dharAvIe chIe tenuM bhAna ApaNane tethI thatuM hoya che. AkAzavANI para potAnuM nAma pahelI vAra sAMbhaLyuM, tyAre atiromAMca anubhavyo. A lekhake 'tuluMgA' (preraNA) nAmanuM sAptAhika zarU karyuM. guvAhATI zaheranA dhIrendra parAmAM AvelI eka nAnakaDI kholImAM enA kampojha ane prUpharIDiMganuM kAma thatuM. sAptAhikamAM AvelA samAcArone kAraNe keTalAka AtaMkavAdIo gusse bharAyA ane 1990nI 3jI Disembare A AtaMkavAdIoe sAptAhika prakAzananA kAryamAM madadarUpa evA soragiyArinA saMbaMdhI ane dasamA dhoraNanA vidyArthI jAgeza ojhIranI hatyA karI. AtaMkavAdIonA A humalAmAM vitaraNa-vibhAganA sahAyaka zrI gobidA boro gaMbhIra rIte ghAyala thayA. soragiyArie emanA sAptAhika samAcArapatra 'tuluMgA'nA taMtrIlekhomAM AtaMkavAda-virodhI lekho lakhyA hatA ane nirdoSa lokonI nirmama hatyA sAme avAja uThAvyo hato. eka AtaMkavAdI ToLI A taMtrInI hatyA karavA cAhatI hatI. emaNe sAptAhika baMdha karavA athavA motane nimaMtravA kahyuM. A saMdarbhamAM asama sarakAre soragiyAri ke enA kuTuMbane koI rakSaNa pUruM pADyuM nahIM. AtaMkavAdIonI dhamakI ane kyAreka humalA thavA chatAM 'tuluMgA'nuM prakAzana baMdha thayuM nahIM. 'tuluMgA'nA prakAzana daramiyAna soragiyArinA jIvanamAM keTalIka mUlyavAna ane AnaMdadAyaka kSaNo AvI. e sAptAhikanI kholImAM sAthIo sAthe raheto. kyAreka puSkaLa kAma hoya to bhUkhane paNa bhUlI jato. AmAM jagendra DImarI ene khabhekhabho milAvIne sAtha Apato hato. jagendra dilhI joyuM nahotuM ethI eka vAra dilhI jovAnI icchA pragaTa karI hatI, paraMtu enI aNadhArI hatyA thaI. navalikAkAra, patrakAra ane sAhityapremI jagendranA hatyArAne hajI asama sarakAra zodhI zakI nathI. potAnI akAdamI-puraskRta navalakathA 'sAnamokhAMAri lAmAja mAM A boDo janajIvananuM sUkSma varNana sazakta gadyazailImAM AlekhAyuM che. be kavitAsaMgraha, be vArtAsaMgraha, be navalakathA, agralekhono saMgraha, traNa anuvAdita kRtio ane eka nATaka lakhanArA kAtindra soragiyAri motanA othAra sAhityika nisabata bhAratIya bhASAnAM sarjako 54

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prajAkIya vedanAnI abhivyakti 2007nuM sAhitya mATe dvivArSika 'mAna brUkara AMtararASTrIya pAritoSika' AphrikAnA utkRSTa navalakathAsarjaka AlbarTa cInuAlumo acebene enAyata karavAmAM AvyuM. AnI vizvasAhityamAM zakavartI ghaTanA tarIke noMdha levAI che. 1930nI 15mI navembare nAijiriyAnI ibo jAtimAM janmelo cInuA acebe aMgrejI bhASAmAM sarjana karanAra Aphrikana sarjaka tarIke sarvatra vikhyAta che. Aphrikana dezonA sarjakomAM cInu acebe aMgrejImAMthI anya bhASAomAM sauthI vadhu anuvAda pAmanAro sarjaka che. Adhunika AphrikI sAhityanA janmadAtA tarIke oLakhAyelA cInuA acebene prApta thayelA pAritoSika vize ApaNe tyAM bhAgye ja koIe noMdha lIdhI che. enuM kAraNa e che ke ApaNe yuropIya ke amerikana sAhityanA jeTalA Aphrikana dezonI sAhityika gatividhinA saMparkamAM nathI. kharekhara to have ApaNe eziyana tema ja AphrikI sAhityanI gatividhimAM vizeSa bhAve rasa levAnuM rAkhavuM joIe. samakAlIna Aphrikana sarjakonI AMkhe UDIne vaLage evI vizeSatA e che ke emaNe emanI kathya paraMparAmAMthI khobe khobe preraNAnAM vAri pIdhAM che. emanA sarjakapiMDanA ghaDataramAM emanI jAtinAM lokanRtyo, lokagIto ane lokakathAoe mahattvano bhAga bhajavyo che. AthI Aphrikana lekhaka enA paraMparAgata dharmanAM devadevIonI kathAo ane enI sAmAjika mAnyatAo ke lokajIvananA prasaMgo enA sarjanapaTamAM tANAvANAnI mAphaka gUMthe che. A sarjakonI kRtimAM taLabhUminI lokasaMskRtinI soDama madhamadhe che. cInuA acebanA pitA isaiha kapho acebe pUrva nAijIriyAmAM AvelA emanA gAma ogIDImAM paraMparAgata dharma choDIne khristI dharma aMgikAra karanArA prathama vyakti hatA. pariNAme cInuA abene bAlyAvasthAmAM ibo jAtinA paraMparAgata dharma pratye upekSA dharAvavAnA saMskAra maLyA. paraMtu paDozanA binakhristI lokonI sAthe acebe pitA-mAtAno pratibaMdha hovA chatAM gAmamAM yojAtA paraMparAgata lokotsavo mANavA jato hato. AthI enI kRtiomAM Aphrikana janajIvana nItare che. acebee hAIskUlanA abhyAsa daramyAna cArlsa Dikansa, jonAthana sviphTa ane viliyama zeksapiyarane mANyA hovA chatAM enI sAhityika vibhAvanA pazcimI sAhityane badale AphrikI sAhitya dvArA ghaDAI che. enI navalakathAsRSTimAM lokajIvananI suvAsa to maLe che, paNa ethIya vizeSa purAkalpano ane mAnyatAonI vAta paNa kare che. ibo jAtimAM almA athavA to anI nAmanI devInAM be svarUponI upAsanA karavAmAM Ave che. e pRthvInI devI hovAnI sAthosAtha sarjananI devI paNa che. jagatanI sarjanAtmakatA ane naitikatA baMneno e AdhAra che ane A devInA svarUpamAMthI acebe sarjananuM hArda zodhe che. e kahe che ke kalA kyAreya saMhAranuM mAdhyama, zoSaNanI sevikA ke aniSTanI upAsikA banI zake nahIM. pariNAme sarjakanA kathAsarjana pAchaLa spaSTa hetu ane nizcita saMdeza hovA joIe. Ama potAnA lekhananA Adarza tarIke pazcimI sAhityanI koI vibhAvanA svIkAravAne badale acebe sarjanAtmakatA ane naitikatAnuM anusaMdhAna sAdhIne sAhityasarjana dvArA lokahitano mahimA kare che. AphrikAnA sarjakonI eka bIjI vizeSatA e potAnI AsapAsanI paristhiti vizenI sabhAnatA che. cInuA acebee samayanA traNa tabakka nihALyA che. bALapaNamAM zveta prajAnA sAmrAjyavAdI zAsanano kALa, yuvAnImAM rASTravAdI AMdolanono samaya ane e pachInAM varSomAM gulAmImukta Adhunika AphrikAnuM navajAgaraNa. prajAkIya vedanAnI abhivyakti sAhityika nisabata pa;

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AthI acebenI navalakathAomAM ibo jAtinI taLasugaMdhanI sAthosAtha AsapAsanI paristhiti aMgeno nirbhIka ane vAstavika anubhava AlekhAyo che. vizvavyApI zoSaNa sAme acebee potAnA sarjana dvArA bulaMda avAja Ubho karyo che. potAnI jAtane 'rAjakIya lekhaka tarIke oLakhAvatAM e lezamAtra saMkoca pAmatA nathI, paraMtu emane mana rAja kAraNa eTale jAtigata ane sAMskRtika sImADA bhUMsIne vaizvika mAnavasaMvAdanI racanA icchatuM ane mAnava-mAnava vacce kalyANanI bhAvanA jagAvatuM mAdhyama. A che emanI rAja kAraNanI vyAkhyA. AvI vibhAvanAne pariNAme acebe zoSaNa, atyAcAra, saramukhatyArazAhIthI mukta evA samAja mATe sarjanathI ane samaya Ave sakriyatAthI kArya kare che. zveta prajAnI gulAmImAMthI mukta thayA bAda AphrikA hamavatana zAsakonI saramukhatyArazAhInI cuMgAlamAM phasAI gayuM. A zAsakone sauthI vadhu bhaya sarjakono hovAthI emaNe sarjako para amAnuSI trAsa vartAvyo, kArAvAsamAM goMdhI rAkhyA. koIne najarakeda karyA, AthI ghaNA sarjakone dezavaTo bhogavavo paDyo. svayaM cInuA acebe para lazkarI zAsananA damana ane julamano bhaya jhaLuMbato hovAthI eNe potAnA parivArane nAijiriyAnAM dUranAM sthaLomAM chupAvI rAkhyuM. pote yuropamAM AvIne vasyo. e samaye nAijiriyAnA AMtarayuddhamAM ibo jAtinA 30 hajAra lokonI nirmama hatyA karavAmAM AvI hatI. A gRhayuddhanA samaye to cInuA aceba agraNI navalakathAkAra tarIke pratiSThA pAmI cUkyA hatA, paraMtu rASTramAM cAlatA mAnavatAvihoNA, kUra saMhAre emane ati vyathita karI nAkhyA. abee tAga meLavyo ke rAjakIya dRSTie yuropa bhale vyuhAtmaka rIte A dezamAMthI alipta thayuM hovAno dekhAva kare, paraMtu deza para Arthika rIte enA bharaDAnI bhIMsa vadhI rahI che. nAijiriyAnA netAo A vAstavikatA joI ke sAMbhaLI zakatA nathI, kAraNa ke teo netA nathI, mAtra kaThapUtaLI che. AvI kSubdha paristhitine lIdhe acebe be dAyakA sudhI sudIrgha ekAgratAno takAjo rAkhatI navalakathA lakhI zakyA nahIM. mAtra viSAdagrasta paristhitine samajAvatI tIvra vedanA-saMvedanAovALI kavitAonuM sarjana karyuM. emanA traNa kAvyasaMgraho pragaTa thayA ane navalikA bALavArtAonuM sarjana thayuM. e pachI nAijiriyAthI svataMtra thayelA biyAphrAnanA rAja dUta banelA acebee vizvabhramaNa karIne bhUkhane kAraNe mRtyu pAmatAM ane sAmUhika hatyAkAMDano bhoga banelAM nAijiriyAnAM bALakonI vedanAne vizvastare vAcA ApI. akhabAro ane sAmayikomAM A vize lekho lakhIne emaNe jAgRti lAvavA prayAsa karyo. A paristhitithI vimukha vizvane enAthI sanmukha karIne AvAM bALakone bacAvavAnuM bhagIratha kArya karyuM. AphrikAnA vartamAna sarjakoe zveta prajAnI rAjakIya gulAmInI sAthosAtha emanI mAnasika gulAmI svIkAravAno dharAra inkAra karyo che. A paristhiti aMge potAnA lekhanathI AphrikI lokasamUhane jAgrata karyo che. josepha konarADanI 'hArTa oNpha DArkanesa' navalakathAmAM Aphrikanone krUra, jaMgalI ane mAnavatAvihoNA AlekhavAmAM AvyA che. nizALanA abhyAsakALa samaye A kRti acebene pasaMda hatI, paraMtu 1947mAM snAtaka thayA pachI ane potAnI prajAnAM hADa ane haiyAMne oLakhyA bAda acebae A lekhakanI raMgabhedabharI dRSTinI AkarI TIkA karI. acebanuM e kRti-vivecana vizvanA vargakhaMDomAM vivAda, carcA ane UhApoha jagAvI gayuM. yuropiyano ane pazcima taraphI bauddhikoe AphrikA ane AphriI prajA vize ApelA ane lakhelA pUrvagrahayukta, tathyavihoNA ane raMgabhedajanita abhiprAyo aMge prabaLa virodha karyo. pazcimI sabhyatAmAM UMDe sudhI ghara karI gayelA raMgabhedane abee khullo pADyo. Aphrikana prajAno uttama sarjaka ane vizvabharanA mUka ane dalita lokonA sanmAna mATe mathato acebe nobela pAritoSika meLavI zakyo nathI enuM eka kAraNa pazcimavirodhI abhiprAyo hovAnuM keTalAka mAne che. AlbarTa zvAiDjharanI 'Aphrikana dardIo karatAM zveta prajAsamUha caDiyAto' hovAnI mAnyatAnI abee TIkA karI. 1985mAM vI. esa. nAipolanI TIkA karatAM kahyuM ke potAnI jAte pazcimane vecAI prajAkIya vedanAnI abhivyakti sAhityika nisabata 34

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gayelA zaktizALI sarjakane eka divasa enA vaLatara rUpe nobela pAritoSika ke anya pAritoSika cUkavavAmAM Avaze. I. sa. 2001mAM nAipolane nobela pAritoSika maLyuM. bAreka mAnada DaoNkTareTa meLavanAra, aMgrejI bhASAmAM utkRSTa navalakathA sarjanAra ane vIsamI sadImAM khUba vaMcAyelA acebene nobela pAritoSika maLavuM joIe evuM chellAM keTalAMya varSothI mAnavAmAM Ave che, jo ke A pUrve 2004mAM nAijiriyAnI sarakAre dezanA ucca khitAbomAMno bIjA kramano khitAba 'kamAnDara oNpha pheDarala ripablika ApavAnuM jAhera karyuM hatuM, tyAre potAnA dezanI durdazA karanAra sarakAra pAsethI Avo khitAba svIkAravAno acaMbee inkAra karyo hato. abee vIsa pustakonuM sarjana karyuM che, jemAM navalakathA, navalikA-saMgraha, nibaMdhasaMgraha, kAvyasaMgraha ane bALasAhityano samAveza thAya che. prathama navalakathA 'Things Fall Apart' (1958)thI e Adhunika AphrikI sAhityanA pitA tarIke prasiddha thayA. pazcimI sAhityanA navalakathAnA svarUpano ropa AphrikAnI sAhityasRSTimAM ugADanAra tarIke emane poMkhavAmAM AvyA, paraMtu ethIya vizeSa to samakAlIna vAstava ane nUtana samAjanA prAgaTyanI abhivyakti mATe navA teje ghaDyA zabdo ane navIna svarUpo zodhatA sarjakonA acebe pathapradarzaka banI gayA. nAijiriyAnA sAhityamAM Amosa TuTuholAnI romAMcaka lokakathAo ane sIpiyana ekvAnsInI manoraMjaka zaherI kathAonuM prabhutva hatuM, te samaye abee navalakathAsarjana karIne navIna sAhityakSitija ughADI ApI. AphrikI sAhityane sAmAjika ane caitasika vizleSaNanI gaMbhIra bhUmikAe mUkI dIdhuM. A prathama navalakathAmAM sAmrAjyavAdanA uSa:kALamAM ibo samAjanAM paraMparAgata mUlyo sAthe joDAyelA okaoNkvo nAmanA kuzaLa kustIbAja ane zaktizALI yoddhAnI A saMvedanazIla karuNa kathA che. mAnasika samaja ane badalAtI paristhiti svIkAravAno inkAra enA jIvanane karuNatama banAve che. atyArasudhImAM A navalakathAnI eMsI lAkha nakalo vecAI che ane pistAlIsa bhASAomAM anuvAdita thaI che. enuM nATyarUpAMtara, philmarUpAMtara ane TI.vI. rUpAMtara paNa thayuM che. upalaka najare mAtra AphrikI pAThako mATe jaNAtI A navalakathAnuM sUkSma manovizleSaNa sarva dezanA bhAvakone sparze che. 1960mAM 'no laoNgara eNTa ija' ane 1964mAM 'eNro oNpha gaoNDa' jevI navalakathAo dvArA acebe sAMskRtika-saMgharSa darzAve che, to 1966mAM lakhelI 'e mena oNpha dha pIpala'mAM nAijiriyAnA rAjya kaknomAM vyApelA bhraSTAcAranuM nirbhIka Alekhana che. A pustakanA prakAzana bAda nAijiriyAmAM sattApalaTo thayo ane keTalAke evI khoTI zaMkA paNa karI hatI ke A sattApalaTA pAchaLa acebeno hAtha che. acebenI anya jANItI navalakathA 'Anthills of The Savannah'mAM eNe traNa bAlagoThiyAnI vAta lakhI che, emAMnA ekane sattAno evo nazo caDhyo che ke e dezanA AjIvana pramukha thavAnI ghelachA dharAve che. saramukhatyAravRtti dharAvatA mAnavInI A patanakathA che. kALa ane paristhiti pramANe aebenuM kathAvastu parivartana pAmatuM rahyuM che. A satata vikasato sarjaka che ane potAnI ibo saMskRtinA marmane pragaTa karavA Atura che. enI prAraMbhika navalakathAo 'kiMgsa kla epArTa' ane 'eN oNpha dha gaoNDa'mAM sAmrAjyavAdanA prAraMbhakALanA nAijiriyAnI kathA che. 'no laoNgara eNTa ijha 'mAM AdhunikatA ane AdhunikatA taraphanA pratibhAvanuM Alekhana che. 'e maeNna oNpha dha pIpalamAM nAijiriyAnI lokazAhI sarakAranA bhAvinuM viSayavastu che. jyAre 'garlsa eNTa vaoNra eNnDa adhara sTorijha' (1973) vArtAsaMgrahamAM lazkarI saramukhatyArazAhInI ghaTanAo varNavI che. 'dha Trabala vitha nAijiriyA'mAM Aphrikana zAsakonI kartavyabhratA vizenI rAjakIya samIkSA che, to 'enathilsa oNpha dha sovannAha'mAM Aphrikana rAja kIya vyavasthA vize kyAMka AzAvAda to kyAMka kaTutA jovA maLe che. prabaLa sarjanakSamatA dharAvatI A lekhakanI pratyeka kRti sAhajika ane romAMcaka lAge che. sAhityika nisabata prajAkIya vedanAnI abhivyakti

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sAhityika vivAdono mahimA acebee yuvA Aphrikana lekhakone protsAhana ApavA mATe 'rAiTarsa sirIjha' dvArA eNe keTalAya sarjakonI kRtio prakAzita karI. navalekhakonA lekhananuM eka sAmayika pragaTa karyuM ane deza-videzamAM adhyApanakArya karyuM. 1990mAM moTara-akasmAtane kAraNe kamarathI nIcenA bhAgamAM pakSAghAta pAmelA 76 varSanA cInuA acebe atyAre nyUyaoNrkanI bArDa kaoNlejamAM bhASA-sAhityanA adhyApaka tarIke kAryarata che. nobela pAritoSika meLavanArA nAijiriyAnA vaoNlA soinkA ane dakSiNa AphrikAnA nAdine gorDimeyarane kaI rIte bhUlI zakAya ? ghAnAnA AmA atA aiDU, tAnjhAniyAnA abdularajhAka gunAha, mojhAmbikanA luisa barnADa hovAnA, keniyAnA riyonArDa TiberA, jhimbAblenA DAbujho marcIrA ane kenyAnA vikhyAta gugI vA thiyoMge, senegalanA sempane osmane ane sudAnanA tAyaba salIhanAM sarjano Aje sAhityajagatamAM dhyAnArha banyAM che ane A sarjakonAM AMtarasaMcalano, paraMparAgata mUlyamALakhAmAM AvatAM parivartano, dAruNakaruNa bAhya paristhiti vizenA Akroza ane prajAkIya vedanAne abhivyakta karavAnI mathAmaNo sAhityarasikone mATe AsvAdaka banI rahI che. sAhityika vivAdo vize thoDI vAta karIe. AvA vivAdo sAhityika vAtAvaraNa sarjatA hoya che ane emAMthI ja vaicArika AbohavAnuM nirmANa thatuM hoya che. eka arthamAM sAhityika vivAda e satyanI upAsanAno ja eka prakAra che. ardhasatya ke asatyanI AjubAju jAmelAM jALAMne bhedavA mATe Avo vivAda jarUrI bane che. sAhityanA hArdamAM rahelA tattvane samajavAnI suvidhA UbhI karanArA vivAdone AvakAravA joIe. koInIye zehamAM taNAyA vinA sAcuM lAgyuM hoya te kahevuM ane te anyane pratItikara thAya te rIte siddha karI batAvavuM jarUrI che. je te viSayanI spaSTatA mATe, enI tattvasiddhi mATe, enAM vyApa ane UMDANano tAga meLavavA upakAraka thatA vivAdo jJAna-vijJAnanA utkarSamAM upakAraka thatA hoya che . saMskRtamAM kahevAyuM che : 'vAre vAre gAyate tattavo /' - e tattvabodha karAvatA sAhityika vivAdo dIrdhakAlIna chApa mUkI jAya che. hA, e paNa eTaluM ja sAcuM che ke aMgata rAgadveSane poSavA mATe ke potAno judo coko banAvIne ekapakSI samarthana mATe thato vivAda lAMbe gALe kazI sAhityika mudrA choDI jato nathI. sAhityika vivAdanI pAchaLa satya ke sattvanI upAsanA na hoya to thoDA samayamAM e bubuda rUpe phUTI jAya che. amuka vyakti, 'skUla' ke saMsthAvirodhI lakhavuM evA pAkA irAdAthI thato vivAda klakSitatA sivAya bIjuM kazuM sarjato nathI. sAhityika vivAdano pAyo tattvAvalaMbI hovo joIe ane enI sAhityika vivAdono mahimA sAhityika nisabata

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dalIlo tarkasiddha hovI joIe. ema hoya to ja sAhityane, samAjane, e viSayane ane vivAdakartAone - ema saune kaMI ne kaMI lAbha thato hoya che. potAno kakke kharo karavA ke abhimAnane vaza thaIne potAnI dalIlo khoTI hovA chatAM temane vaLagI rahevAnuM valaNa eka prakAranI aprAmANikatA batAve che. evA vikRta vivAdothI UlaTuM vighA-jJAnanuM vAtAvaraNa kSubdha thatuM hoya che. zrI kanaiyAlAla munazInA AryasaMskRti ane gujarAtanAM itihAsaviSayaka nirIkSaNoe, narasiMhanA samaya ane narasiMhanA kAvyanA arthaghaTana aMge ghaNo vivAda thayo hato, paraMtu madhyakAlIna sAhitya vize 'UchaLatA jIvananuM kacariyuM karavAno prayoga madhyakAlIna gujarAtamAM saphaLa rIte karavAmAM Avyo che " e vidhAne pachInA samayamAM ghaNI carcA jagAvI hatI. premAnaMda caDe ke zAmaLa te aMge dalapatarAma ane navalarAma vacce vivAda thayo hato te 'buddhiprakAza' ane 'gujarAtI zALApatramAM pragaTa thayo hato. narasiMha, mIrAM, akho jevA kavionA samaya vize, akhAnA chappAnA artho vize temaja narasiMha, mIrAM ane premAnaMdanI saMdigdha kRtio vize paNa ghaNI carcA thaI, paraMtu koI carcAe sAhityika vivAdanuM rUpa lIdhuM hoya to te premAnaMdanAM nATako vizenI carcAo , A vivAdano prAraMbha maNilAla nabhubhAInA patra parathI thayo haze tema anumAna karI zakAya, kAraNa ke temanA patranA uttaramAM AnaMdazaMkara dhruva, kezava harSada dhruva, 'kAnta' ane narasiMharAva 'prAcIna kAvyamALAmAM pragaTa thatAM premAnaMdanAM nATakonA kartutva vize potAno abhiprAya Ape che. 'kAnta' ane narasiMharAva spaSTa abhiprAya Ape che ke A nATako premAnaMde lakhelAM nathI, paNa koI 'arvAcIna lekhake lakhelAM che ane tenI jAhera carcA karavAnI tatparatA paNa dAkhave che. kezava harSada dhruva vaDodarA rAjyanA keLavaNI khAtAnA upakrame pragaTa thatI 'prAcIna kAvyamALA' cAlu rAkhavAnI ane AnaMdazaMkara dhruva 'sArA sahRdaya vidvAna' maLe to saMpAdana cAlu rAkhavAnI bhalAmaNa kare che.* AmAM haragoviMdadAsa kAMTAvALA, gajendra lA. paMDyA jevA sAhityakAroe temaja 'sAhitya', 'jJAnasudhA', 'samAlocaka" ane "sudarzana ' jevAM sAhityika sAmayikoe paNa rasa lIdho. narasiMharAve trIjI sAhitya pariSada ane e pachI bharUcamAM ApelAM bhASaNomAM A nATako vize zaMkA uThAvatAM pAMca dalIlo karI hatI, jeno uttara 'samAlocaka'mAM pragaTa thayo hato ane temAM narasiMharAva kalpanAo kare tenA karatAM graMtho lakhI ApanAra lekhakarUpI 'mudAmAla' pakaDI Ape" ema kahyuM hatuM. premAnaMdanAM nAme caDAvelAM nATako vizenI carcAmAM nATakone sAcAM mAnanArA lokonI ramUja karavAnA hetuthI narasiMharAve 'eka amUlya graMthanI zodha" nAme lekha lakhyo hato, jemAM kavi bhAlaNe potAnA hastAkSarathI A graMtha lakhyo che ane bhAlaNanA vakhatamAM nATako bhajavAtAM hatAM ane premAnaMdanAM nATako bhajavAtAM eNe joyAM hatA evI vigato maLe che. A graMtha kharekhara prApta thayo che ema samajIne enA para carcApatro paNa pragaTa thayAM hatAM !? DaoN. prasanna vakIle pIeca.DI.no mahAnibaMdha 'premAnaMdanI saMdigdha kRtio" lakhIne A nATakonuM kartutva premAnaMdanuM nathI evuM sAbita karI ApyuM. narmada ane dalapatarAmanA samayamAM narmadanI kavitA caDe ke dalapatarAmanI -evI ghaNI carcA ubhayanA prazaMsakoe ane vartamAnapatroe jagAvI. hIrAcaMda kAnajIe 'mithyAbhimAnakhaMDana' nAme lekha lakhIne narmadanI kavitA ane sAhityika pravRtti para sauprathama AkarI TIkA karI hatI. dalapatarAmanI uzkeraNIthI hIrAcaMde Ama lakhyuM che tema narmada 'mArI hakIkatamAM noMdhe che. narmade 'sabhAmAM vANInI chaTAthI jevuMtevuM gaTarapaTara bolI digvijayI chauM evuM dekhaDAve che ' evI dalapatarAma para garbhita rIte TIkA karI hatI. e samaye 'paMce' to enuM ThaThThAcitra banAvyuM hatuM ke jemAM narmada ane dalapatarAmane ekabIjAnI coTalI pakaDIne kustI karatA cItaryA hatA. A baMne vacce vaimanasya sarjAya tevA banAvo banyA hovA chatAM 1873-74mAM narmadanA 'sarasvatImaMdira 'nA vAstu samaye dalapatarAma sUrata gayA hatA ane pachI varSe sUratamAM dalapatarAmanA putranA lagna samaye narmada varaghoDAmAM agraNI thaIne pharyo hato temaja varapitAnI pahelI pAghaDI dalapatarAmanA vevAIe narmadane bAMdhI hatI. A sAhityaspardhAne pariNAme sAhityika vivAdono mahimA sAhityika nisabata

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dalapatarAme aneka navA kavana-viSayo pasaMda karyA temaja temanI kAvyabhAvanAnuM dhoraNa paNa thoDuM pariSkRta thayuM. ramaNabhAI ane narasiMharAve zIghra kavitA para prahAro karIne dalapatarAmanI kavitA para maraNatola dhA karyo. eka AkhA jamAnA daramyAna dalapatazailI para prahArAtmaka vivecana thatuM rahyuM, tethI tenI pratiSThA ghaTI ane anukaraNa ochuM thayuM. saMjAnAe dalapatarAmanI kavitAnI punaHpratiSThA karavAno prayatna karyo, paNa gujarAtI kavitA para enI asara na thaI ane zIghra kavitAnA virodhane pariNAme hiMdI kavitazailI gujarAtImAM pravezI zakI nahIM. sAhityika vivAda vize vicArIe tyAre maNilAla nabhubhAI ane ramaNabhAI nIlakaMTha, narasiMharAva ane balavaMtarAya jevA sAhityakAroe jagavelI carcA yAda Ave che. manaHsukharAmanA saMskRtapradhAna bhASAmAM lakhAyelA nibaMdhonI kRtrima ane ADaMbarI zailInI narasiMharAva ane ramaNabhAIe vivecanA karI. emanA saMskRta bhASAnA AgrahathI taddana sAmA cheDenuM dRSTibiMdu haragoviMdadAsa kAMTAvALAe rajU karyuM ane emaNe bhASA sAdI, saraLa ane samajAya tevI hovI joIe ema kahyuM. maNilAla nabhubhAIe kahyuM ke sAhityanI bhASA yathArtha ane viSayane anurUpa hovI joIe. emaNe kahyuM ke bhASAnI sAdAIne samajIe chIe, paNa eno artha e nathI ke cIMtharAM paherIne pharavuM. maNilAla nabhubhAIe 'sudarzana'mAM 'gujarAtanA lekhako' vize lekhamALA lakhI hatI ane temAM lekhakonA vargo pADyA hatA, jemAM prAcIna pakSanA lekhakono eka varga hato ane e ja rIte yathArtha pakSanA lekhakono anya varga hato AnI sAme paNa emanA samayamAM UhApoha thayo hato. zrI ha2govanadAse 'vicArasAgara' ane 'sayAjIvijayamAM lakhyuM ke maNilAle vaDodarA rAjya mATe karelAM bhASAMtaro khoTAM che, teno javAba prahlAdajIe 'vaDodarAvatsala' sAmayikamAM Apyo hato. gujarAtI sAhitya pariSadanA prathama adhivezana pUrvethI cheka 1888mAM 'buddhiprakAza'mAM narasiMharAve pragaTa karelA lekha dvArA joDaNI aMgeno vivAda cAle che. 1896mAM 'jJAnasudhA'mAM narasiMharAve govardhanarAmanAM joDaNIviSayaka sAhityika nisabata 36 tahikool1 - 38 maMtavyonI AkarI TIkA karI hatI. A joDaNIviSayaka vivAdo atyAre UMjhA joDaNI ane gUjarAta vidyApIThanI 'sArtha gujarAtI joDaNIkoza'nI joDaNI vacce paNa cAlI rahyo che. eka samaye pArasI gujarAtI bhASA ane zuddha gujarAtI bhASA vacce paNa vivAda cAlato hato, je aMge kavi khabaradAre zuddha gujarAtI bhASA mATeno Agraha vyakta karatAM ane A vartamAnapatromAM khUba cagAvAyelA vivAdane ThAratAM kahyuM ke, 'jema hiMdu satya, muslima satya tema pArasI satya tema kahevAya ke bolAya nahIM, tema bhASA paNa eka ja che. judA judA pradezamAM bolAtI bolIomAM bheda hoI zake, paNa bhASAmAM bheda paDato nathI.' zrI umAzaMkara jozIe kahyuM che tema, narasiMharAve gujarAtI sAhityapradezamAM 'pUrAM 40-50 varSa gujarAtI sAhityanA sensara(sattAdhArI niyAmaka)nuM pada bhogavyuM hatuM. narasiMharAva ane govardhanarAma vacce joDaNI vize vivAda thayo, to kezava harSada dhruvanAM saMpAdano vize paNa narasiMharAve carcA karI hatI. ramaNabhAI nIlakaMTha ane narasiMharAvanI carcAoe AtmalakSI UrmikAvyanI pratiSThA karI, to baLavaMtarAya ThAkore arthaghana kavitA ane saoNneTa svarUpanI jikara karI. kavi nhAnAlAlanA apadyAgadya ane pro. balavaMtarAya ThAkoranA saLaMga ageya pravAhI padyaracanA-viSayaka vicAroe paNa carcA jagAvI hatI ane temAM balavaMtarAye manahararAma harirAmanI bhUla darzAvIne 'zuddha kAvyanA sonerI madhyabiMduSpa tarIke A prakAranI racanAone oLakhAvI hatI. apadyAgadya vize raNajitarAma, nhAnAlAla, narasiMharAva, AnaMdazaMkara dhruva, pro. balavaMtarAya ThAkora, kavi khabaradAra, kezava zeTha, vijayarAya vaidya, bhRgurAya aMjAriyA ane viSNuprasAda trivedI vageree sArI evI carcA karI hatI. nhAnAlAla pachI A apadyAgadya mAtra pratikAvyo ke hAsaparihAsanAM kAvyomAM savizeSa prayojAyuM, paraMtu apadyAgadyanI carcAe kAvyanI sAhityika vivAdono mahimA 37

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geyatA, Dolana ane saMgIta sAthenA saMbaMdha aMge sArI evI chaNAvaTa karI. nhAnAlAle 'vasaMtotsavamAM karelA achAMdasanA prayoga aMge hAnAlAla ane narasiMharAva viruddha baLavaMtarAya ThAkore carcA karI, jyAre baLavaMtarAya ThAkora ane khabaradAra vacce ageya arthapradhAna kavitA vize sAro evo vivAda cAlyo hato. AcArya AnaMdazaMkara dhruvano sAhityapraveza eka carcApatra dvArA thayo. emaNe advaitasiddhAMtanA prakAzamAM prArthanAsamAjanA mokSa saMbaMdhI siddhAMtanI tarkabaddha kaDaka TIkA karI. AnA pratyuttara rUpe ramaNabhAIe "jJAnasudhA'mAM uttara Apyo, jeno AnaMdazaMkara dhruve Apelo uttara 1892nA eprilamAM 'sudarzana'mAM maLe che. maNilAla nabhubhAInA 'sudarzana' ane ramaNabhAI nIlakaMThanA "jJAnasudhA' vacce je sudIrgha vivAda cAlyo tenuM bIja AnaMdazaMkara dhruvanAM A carcApatromAM raheluM che. maNilAla nabhubhAInA graMtha 'siddhAMtasAra'nuM "jJAnasudhA'mAM kAne patra rUpe kareluM avalokana e gujarAtamAM daita ane advaita siddhAMtane avalaMbIne cAlelI rasika carcA gaNAya. 1894nA mArcathI Disembara sudhI 'jJAnasudhA'nA aMkomAM 'kAnta' maNilAla nabhubhAInA 'siddhAMtasAra' pustaka para prakaraNavAra kaTAkSarUpa prahAro dvArA vedAMtI vicArasaraNInI TIkA kare che, paraMtu e pachI maNilAlanA meLApe kAntanuM virodhI valaNa ogaLI jAya che ane teo "jJAnasudhA'mAM kAttAe kAntane lakhelA pratyuttara rUpe potAnuM vicAra-parivartana darzAve che tenAthI pachI ramaNabhAIne AdhAta paNa lAge che. ramaNabhAI nIlakaMTha ane maNilAla nabhubhAI vacce sAhitya uparAMta samAja sudhAraNA, keLavaNI ane advaita siddhAMtane anulakSIne carcAo cAle che. gujarAtI sAhityamAM AvuM vAdayuddha virala che. jiMdagIbharanA ugra matabhedane kAraNe baMnene sahana paNa karavuM paDyuM hatuM, paraMtu maNilAlanA avasAna vakhate 2maNabhAI nIlakaMThe lakhelo zraddhAMjalilekha e eka umadA pratipakSInI maNilAlane apAyelI bhavya aMjalirUpa che. A vivAdoe zAstrIya carcA ane tattvavicAra mATe gujarAtI bhASAne paloTI ApI te eno saravALe thayelo mahattvano lAbha gaNAya. kanaiyAlAla munazInA samayathI gujarAtI sAhityamAM 'kalAne khAtara kalA'nI carcA cAle che. A viSayamAM mahAtmA gAMdhInI sAthe kanaiyAlAla munazIne prAmANika matabheda hato. 'I follow the Mahatma' ema munazI kahetA hatA, chatAM teo emanAthI gauravabharI rIte judA paDatA hatA. emaNe gAMdhIjI pratyenI mAnavRtti jALavI rAkhIne potAnA vicAromAM kazIya bAMdhachoDa karI nahIM. sAhityika vivAdomAM AvI samatolabuddhi ane sUkSma viveka jALavavAM muzkela che, paNa munazI te jALavI zakyA hatA. gAMdhIjInA 'kosiyo samajI zake tevI' bhASAnA Agrahe ane 'kalA jIvananI dAsI' che evA vicAre sAhityajagatamAM ghaNo vivAda jagAvyo hato. kAMtilAla vyAsanA bhASAzAstranA pustakanuM avalokana ja . e. saMjAnAe * phArbasa traimAsika'mAM pragaTa karyuM ane ja. e. saMjAnAe 'namostu te vyAsavizAlabuddhade' ema kahIne kaTAkSa paNa karyo hato. saMjAnAnAM keTalAMka avalokanoe vivAda jagAvyo hato. 'kalama ane kAgaLa sAthe aDapalAM karavAnI Teva' hovAnuM kahetA ja, e. saMjAnAe maganabhAI caturabhAI paTelanA 'zAkuMtala'nA anuvAda vize ane pArasI gujarAtI ane sAkSarI gujarAtI vize ghaNI carcA karI. rAmanArAyaNa vizvanAtha pAThaka ane khabaradAra vacce 'prasthAna' ane *kolaka'nA 'mAdhurI mAM carcApatro dvArA ghaNo lAMbo vivAda cAlyo hato. kavi sundaram ane kolaka vacceno vivAda jANIto che. kolake khabaradArano pakSa lIdho hato ane tenI sAme kavi sundarame javAba Apyo hato. viSNuprasAda trivedIe ema lakhyuM ke Adhunika kavitAnuM tattva samajatA nathI. tethI sureza joSIe UhApoha zarU karyo hato. umAzaMkara jozIe Adhunikono pakSa lIdho hato ane tene pariNAme viSNuprasAda trivedI ane umAzaMkara jozI vacce vivAda Ubho thayo hato, paraMtu umAzaMkarabhAIe kuzaLatAthI e vivAdane racanAtmaka dizAmAM vALI lIdho hato. A prasaMga vize viSNuprasAda sAhityika nisabata sAhityika vivAdono mahimA 39 9

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sAhityakSetre Arogyaprada ne vikAsapreraka havAmAnanuM nirmANa karatA, ApaNA mahattvanA vividha sAhityika vivAdone AvarI laI temanI sAdhakabAdhaka tattvacarcAno niSkarSa 2jU karatA eka majabUta svAdhyAyagraMthanI ApaNane pratIkSA che. ApaNI e pratIkSA phaLe evI sadbhAvanA. saMdarbha 1. 'gujarAta : eka sAMskArika vyakti ane anya Adivacano', le. kanaiyAlAla munazI, bhAga pahelo, pR. 64 2. "ma. na. dvivedI sAhityazreNI, sudarzana gadyaguccha-4', saM. dhIrubhAI ThAkara, pR. 463-470 3. manomukura', le. narasiMharAva bhoLAbhAI diveTiyA, graMtha-1, pR. 425 4. 'samasaMvedana', le. umAzaMkara jozI, prathama AvRtti, pR. 129 5. 'samAlocaka', saM. ramaNalAla nIlakaMTha, pustaka 23, aMka 6, varSa 1918 trivedIe eka tabakke kaMIka vedanAthI kahyuM hatuM, 'meM roTalo mAgyo ne patharo Apyo." sureza joSIe karelI carcAothI gujarAtI sAhityamAM Adhunika havAmAna baMdhAya che. sAhityano zuddha kalAparaka dRSTie vicAra, paraMparAprApta sAhityanuM kaDaka parIkSaNa, mUlyanirapekSatA, AkAravAda ane AdhunikatA, nUtana prayogonI vizeSatA darzAvIne emaNe karelI sAhityika carcAo gujarAtI sAhityamAM sakyi vidheyAtmaka AMdolano jagAve che. emaNe karelI sAhityika carcAo emanI AdhunikatAnI vicAradhArAne vividha rIte upasAvI ApI che. sAhityanA kSetre emanA samaye jAgelA vivAdo aMtatogatvA navI AbohavAnA sarjananuM kAraNa bane che. 'vaiSNavajana' kAvyanA kartutva vize, rasAbhAsa vize ke pachI paheluM saoNneTa ke paheluM hAIku koNe lakhyuM e vize paNa vivAda thayo. jorAvarasiMha jAdavanA lokasAhityanA pustaka aMge zrI kanubhAI jAnI ane jayaMta koThArInuM avalokana, madhurAya ane bharata nAyaka vacce nATaka vizenI carcA tathA kalApInAM kAvyo aMge jayaMta koThArI ane rameza zukla vacceno sAhityika vivAda paNa noMdhapAtra gaNAya ane atyAre vicAra karIe to joDaNI aMgeno vivAda, sAhityakAranI karmazIlatA aMgeno vivAda vagere paNa dhyAnamAM levA joIe. maNilAla, ramaNabhAI nIlakaMTha ke sureza joSInI sAhityika carcAnA mULamAM abhyAsa hato, evA abhyAsapUrNa vivAdo Aje ochA jovA maLe che. vidrohAtmaka ne khaMDanAtmaka vRtti hoya ane uparachalluM jJAna hoya, ane tema chatAM jo vivAdonA madhapUDA chaMcheDavAmAM Ave to DaMkha jhAjhA maLe ne madha vinA calAvI levuM paDe evI durdazA pedA thAya. AjanI paristhitimAM tattvAbhinivezavALA vivAdo bahu ochA maLe che. sAhityanA bhAvi aMgenI udAsInatA, kyAMka abhyAsadArica to kyAMka sarjaka-vivecakanI nikyitA paNa nabaLA vivAdonA kAraNa rUpe hoI zake. uttama tattvAbhigamavALA saMgIna sAhityika vivAdonI bhUmikA para nirbhara evA, jIvana ane sAhityapadArthano sAco rasa dAkhavatA ane sAhityika nisabata sAhityika vivAdono mahimA

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2006nuM saravaiyuM 2006nA varSane amerikAnA sAhityapremIoe iyara opha bAyogrAphIjha' tarIke varNavyuM che. varSothI jAmeluM 'phi* zana'nAM pustakonuM prabhutva ochuM thayuM ane saMkhyAbaMdha caritro pragaTa thayAM. A caritromAM kavio, rAjakAraNIo, udyogapatio, adAkAro, lazkarI zAsako, sthapatio ane hevIveiTa mukkAbAjI vagere karanArAonAM caritro paNa che. caritranuM amerikAne eTaluM gheluM lAgyuM che ke rahasyakathAnA prasiddha kalpita pAtra zairalaoNka haoNmsanuM caritra paNa pragaTa thayuM che ! A saMdarbhamAM 2006nA gujarAtI sAhityamAM prakAzita pustako jovAnuM mana thayuM ane e mATe pravRtta thatAM turata ja jaNAyuM ke gujarAtI bhASAmAM prakAzita thayelAM badhAM pustako koI eka sthaLe prApya nathI; eTaluM ja nahIM, emanI sama khAvA pUratI eka saMpUrNa sUci paNa prApya nathI. Ama to presa ane mudraka adhiniyama heThaLa prakAzake je pAMca nakalo jamA karAvavAnI hoya che, emAMnI eka nakala gUjarAta vidyApIThanA kaoNpIrAiTa vibhAgane ApavAnI hoya che; paraMtu durbhAgyapUrNa bAbata che ke ahIM badhA prakAzako emanAM pustako mokalatA nathI ane ene pariNAme gujarAtI bhASAmAM prakAzita thatAM pustakonA A anAmatasaMgrahamAM trIseka TakA jeTalAM pustako maLatAM nathI. koI abhyAsI ke saMzodhakane potAnA viSaya ke svarUpanAM badhAM pustako * yAMya ekasAthe upalabdha thatAM nathI. A bAbatane gaMbhIratAthI levAnI dhaNI jarUra che. 2006nA varSanAM gujarAtI bhASAnAM kula 1,019 pustako vayasko mATe ane 155 pustako bALakizora sAhityanAM maLe che ema kula 1,174 pustako che. A sUcimAM 199 pustako punarmudrita che ane 100 pustako anUdita che. e dRSTie joIe to gujarAtI bhASAmAM navAM 875 pustako prakAzita thayAM che. gUjarAta vidyApIThanA kaoNpIrAiTa vibhAgamAM, sAhitya pariSada ane amadAvAdanA sthAnika prakAzako pAsethI ekatrita karelI A mAhitI ja che. AthI pustakonI saMkhyAmAM hajI 25 % pustakonI mAhitI che. khAnagI prakAzako ane anya saMsthAonAM pustako upalabdha nahi hovAthI teonI gaNanA AmAM karI nathI. A varSe 105 jeTalA kAvyasaMgraho pragaTa thayA che; paraMtu hAla gajhalayuga cAlI rahelo hovAthI 31 jeTalA gajhalasaMgraho maLe che. 26nA sAhityika viSayane lagatAM 605 pustako che; jemAM 155 pustako to bALasAhityanAM che. kAvyasaMgraho pachI bIjA krame navalakathA 77 ane navalikAsaMgraho 59 maLe che, sAhityavivecananA 76 jeTalA graMtho che. 41 jeTalA lalitanibaMdhasaMgraho, 14 hAsya ane caMganAM pustako temaja sAhityanA prakIrNa svarUpa-prakAramAM samAveza pAme tevAM anya 46 pustako maLe che. | gAMdhIvicArano hAla kaMIka vizeSa prabhAva amuka vartuLomAM jovA maLe che, paraMtu e viSayaka 26 pustakomAM mahad aMze to punarmudraNa jovA maLe che. dinakara jozInuM 'cakrathI carakhA sudhI', guNavaMta zAhanuM 'gAMdhInAM cazmAM' ane nArAyaNabhAI desAInuM A varSe pragaTa thayeluM 'gAMdhIkathAgIta' vizeSa dhyAna kheMce che. Ama gAMdhIvicAranI vartamAna samayamAM prastutatA vize carcA karatAM vizeSa pustakonI apekSA saheje rahe che. sAhityavivecananuM citra * jaLuM lAge che. A samayagALAmAM mIrAM, dayArAma, dhUmaketu. jayaMta khatrI, khabaradAra, marIjha, rameza pArekha, jIgara tathA kizora pArekhanA sAhityika pradAnane darzAvatA graMtho maLe che. kavitA, gajhala, dalita-saMvedanA ane nArI-cetanAne AvarI laIne thayelAM vivecano prApta thAya che. AchuMpAtaLuM thayeluM madhyakAlIna sAhityanuM vaheNa A varSe e ja gatie vahe che. enA mAtra pAMca graMtho pragaTa thayA che. bALasAhityanA sarjana sAjhityika nisabata 2006nuM saravaiyuM

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pratye vizeSa ruci-saMvardhana thayAM che ane tethI bALasAhityanA abhyAsalakSI ane vivecanalakSI 4 graMtho maLe che. jIvanacaritranI bAbatamAM nirAzAjanaka citra che. emAM mukhyatve prasiddha vya itaonAM caritro maLe che. A varSamAM koI sarjakanuM yAdagAra jIvanacaritra lakhAyeluM jovA maLatuM nathI. mukhyatve saMto, dharmapuruSonAM jIvanacaritronuM pramANa vizeSa maLe che. rASTrIya svayaMsevaka saMghanA zrI mAdhavarAva sadAzivarAva goLavelakarajInI janmazatAbdInA kAraNe 'zrI gurujI samagra'nA 12 graMtho maLe che; eTaluM ja nahi, paNa emanA vividha vicAro darzAvatI 18 pustikAo maLe che. e. pI. je. abdula kalAmanI AtmakathAnuM bhASAMtara ke kuriyananI AtmakathAnuM bhASAMtara mAruM svapna' maLe che. vaLI bhArataratna bhImarAva AMbeDakaranuM caritra paNa maLe che. gujarAtanI asmitAnuM saMvardhana karanAra athavA to AgavI timattA dAkhavanAra koI vya itavizeSanuM caritra maLatuM nathI. A 1019 pustakomAM 5 zabdakoza, 4 caritrAtmaka koza ane graMthAlayazAstranAM 6 pustako maLe che. pArtha prakAzane paNa A vize 6 graMtho prakAzita karyA che. bhIlI gujarAtI zabdakoza', 'paurANika caritrakoza' ane 'gujarAtI vizvakoza'(khaMDa 21) kozasAhityamAM khAsa dhyAna kheMce che. "bahuratnA vasuMdharA' ane 'sAkSarano sAkSAtkAra' jevA mAhitIgraMtho maLe che. 'mAruM priya pustaka' ane 'zanimekhalA' paNa dhyAna dore tevA graMtho che. samagratayA joIe to sAhityakSetre nATyaracanAo ane ekAMkI racanAono dukALa duHkhada che. A sUcimAM upalabdha 1019 pustakomAM 450 sAhityaviSayaka che, jyAre e pachInA krame tattvajJAna, manovijJAna, dharma ane AdhyAtmika viSayanAM 129 pustako jyAre samAjavidyAnAM 126 pustako maLe che, emAM mukhyatve jyotiSaviSayaka ane zrImadbhagavadgItA paranA vivecana rUpe maLelAM pustako che. cothA krame prauDho mATenA jIvanacaritramAM 123 pustako maLe che. vijJAna ane prAyojita vidyAnAM 69 pustako maLe che. lokasAhityanAM 16 pustako maLe che. kahevatavizva ane videzI lokakathAo ullekhanIya che. jAtakakathAo paNa A yAdImAM che. samUhamAdhyamonAM 19 sAhityika nisabata 34 pulhikoot1 | T 42 pustakomAM prathama akhabAra', vIra narmada : paTakathA' ane 'akhabArI itihAsa' maLe che. lalitakalAnAM 16, bhASAzAstra ane bhASAviSayaka 12 tathA bhUgoLa ane pravAsa vizenAM 16 pustako pragaTa thayAM che. AmAM 1019mAM pustakomAM 696 lekhako che jemAM 101 mahilAsarjako che. 94 saMpAdita kRtiomAM 5 mahilA saMpAdikAoe potAnuM pradAna karyuM che. jyAre 100 anUdita kRtiomAM 10 mahilA anuvAdikAoe pustako ApyAM che. 2006nA anuvAdavizvanI sthiti ciMtAjanaka lAge che. anuvAdakSetre mukhyatve navalakathAnA 10 ane navalikAsaMgrahanA 2 anuvAda che, jemAMno eka navalikAsaMgraha to punarmudrita che. sudhA mUrtinI kannaDamAM lakhAyelI navalakathAnA anuvAdo lokapriya banyA che ane emanI kula 5 navalakathAo A gALAmAM pragaTa thaI che, jemAMnI cAra punarmudrita che. ekaMdare baMgALI ane marAThI bhASAnA agAunA dAyakAomAM jeTalA anuvAdo thatA hatA, teTalA 2006mAM jovA maLatA nathI. tamiLa, telugu, malayALama ke pachI paMjAbI, * DiyA jevI bhASAonA anuvAda maLatA nathI. anuvAdakalAnI tAlIma mATe gaMbhIra prayAso karavAno samaya AvI cU* yo che. bALasAhityamAM prakAzita thayelAM 155 pustakomAM mAtra be ja bALanATaka che, je A kSetranI ApaNI daridratAnuM sUcaka che. bALako mATenAM jJAnavijJAnaviSayaka 17 tathA kAvyaviSayaka 17 pustako maLe che. vaLI bALasAhityamAM sauthI vadhu 42 caritronAM pustako maLe che. temAM 30 caritro to mAtra dhAraNA zeThanAM lakhelAM che ! Ama bALasAhityakSetre AjanA yuganA bALakane anulakSIne ochuM lekhanakArya thayeluM jaNAya che. bALasAhityanAM 155 pustakomAMthI 75 punarmudraNanAM che ane 11 pUrve prakAzita thayelI baMgALI sAhityanI anUdita kRtio che. kula 76 bALasAhityanA sarjakomAM 8 lekhikAo che. 2006nAM A pustakonI sUcimAM je prakAzakonAM pustako prApta thayAM nathI, teone patra lakhIne vigato mokalavAnuM kahyuM che. gujarAtamAM vyakitagata ane saMsthAgata prakAzano meLavavAnuM graMthAlayo mATe muzkela bane che. keTalIka saMzodhanasaMsthAonAM prakAzano paNa yAdImAM jaNAtAM nathI. tethI varSavAra pustakonI je saMpUrNa sUci-Adarza sUci taiyAra thavI joIe te thatI nathI. 2006nuM saravaiyuM 75

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vaLI prakAzakonAM sUcipatro vecANa mATenA maryAdita prayojanathI taiyAra thatAM hoI temAM zAstrIya pustakasUcimAM anivArya evI prakAzanavarSa AdinI pUrI vigato maLatI hotI nathI. A paristhitimAM pustakonA vyavasthita sUcIkaraNa mATe sAhityika saMsthAo, graMthAlayo temaja prakAzakoe pUrI khabaradArIthI ne samAyojanapUrvaka eka samayabaddha kAryakrama ghaDI kADhavo joIe. gujarAta sAhitya pariSada ane gujarAta sAhitya akAdamIe A dizAmAM vadhu sadhana prayatno karavAnA rahe che. tAjetaramAM to gujarAtabharanAM vizvavidyAlayonI, saMzodhana-saMsthAonI prakAzanapravRtti paNa maMda paDI gaI che. eka samaye yunivarsiTI graMthanirmANa borDa ghaNAM pustako prakAzita karatI hatI. 2006nA varSamAM enI gati paNa sthagita thaI gaI che ! sadbhAgye hAlamAM 2006nA graMthonI sUci karavAnuM kArya zrI kirITabhAI bhAvasAra ane zrImatI AbedA kAjhI karI rahyAM che. paNa e pUrvanAM varSonI sUcinuM zuM ? gUjarAta vidyApITha eka samaye dara be mahine kaoNpIrAiTa vibhAgamAM AvelAM pustakonI sUci pragaTa karatuM hatuM. e pravRtti paNa punaH zarU thAya te icchanIya che. keTalAka lekhako ane saMzodhako pote pustakaprakAzana karatA hoya che, dhArmika saMsthAo paNa avAranavAra AvA graMtho pragaTa karatI hoya che ane keTalIka saMsthAo niyamita rIte AvA graMtho bahAra pADatI hoya che. koIka eka sthaLe A badhA ja graMthonI mAhitI saMkalita svarUpe - vyavasthita rIte maLe tema karavuM khUba jarUrI che. e dizAmAM have jAgyA tyArathI savAra' e nyAye savizeSa kaTibaddha thaIe evo Ajano takAdo che. sAhityika nisabata 36 tahikook.15-F 43 sImADe UbhelI TenolojI amerikAnA TeksAsa rAjyanA culesa gAmanA ena. ekTara DrAivanA sthaLe AvelI yulesa pablika lAibrerI nihALato hato tyAre enA graMthapAle kahyuM ke "have A graMthAlaya navA sthaLe khaseDAvAnuM che. cAlo, tamane e navuM sthaLa paNa batAvuM." A yulesa pablika lAibrerImAM aneka vibhAgo che. vacce ghoDA upara pustako mUkyAM hatAM. bAjumAM kampyUTara, phaeNksa ane jherokSa hatAM ane sI.DI., viDiyo ane DI.vI.DI.no alAyado vibhAga hato. havenAM graMthAlayo potAnI pravRttinI pAMkha prasArI rahyAM che. A graMthAlayamAM pustako maLe. oNnalAina kaeNTaloga, DeTAbejha, inTaraneTanI sAthe mAikrosaoNphTa varDa, eNksala ane pAvara paoNinTa jevI kampyUTarane lagatI suvidhA maLe. temaja yuvAno mATe kampyUTara vArtAo ane zaikSaNika ramatono vibhAga che. A graMthAlaya vArtAkathana-pravRttithI satata dhamadhamatuM hoya che. ahIM aDhArathI chatrIsa mahinAnAM bALako mATe, traNathI pAMca varSanA zizuvarganA vidyArthIo mATe ane AbAlavRddha sahu koIne mATe vArtAkathananI pravRtti cAle che ane eno hetu bALako ane Ama vargamAM pustako pratyeno prema ane graMthAlaya mATenI laganI jagADavAno che. A vArtAkathananuM Ayojana bALakanAM vaya temaja vikAsane lakSamAM rAkhIne karavAmAM Ave che. e ja rIte vekezananA samayamAM vidyArthIo emaNe vAMcelAM pustakonI noMdha kare che ane emAM sauthI sAro pustakaparicaya lakhanArane pAritoSiko sImADe UbhelI TeknaoNlojI nono

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ApavAmAM Ave che. nAnAM bALakonuM vAcana-saptAha yojavAmAM Ave che. A graMthAlayamAM pAThyapustako rAkhavAmAM Ave che ane ethIya vizeSa ghera beThAM graMthAlayanAM pustakonI yAdI jANI zakavAnI jogavAI che. vaLI pustakapremIonuM maMDaLa ekatrita thaIne dara aThavADiye pustakonI carcA kare che. nivRtta adhikArIo ahIM AvIne nAnA nAnA vyavasAyo kaI rIte karavA tenuM mArgadarzana Ape che. are ! TaeNksanuM riTarna kaI rIte bharavuM temAM madada karanArA paNa ahIM maLI rahe che ! pustakAdi koI paNa vAcanasAmagrI mATenuM dAna ahIM svIkAravAmAM Ave che. jemanI smRtimAM pustaka bheTa maLyuM hoya, enI noMdha e pustakamAM darzAvavAmAM Ave che. vaLI eka baoNksamAM jUnA cazmAMnuM dAna paNa svIkAravAmAM Ave che. je cazmAMnI phremano upayoga jarUriyAtavALAne madada mATe karavAmAM Ave che. eka graMthAlaya keTalI badhI kAmagIrI kare che ! amerikAnAM vizALa graMthAlayonI dRSTie to yulesanuM A graMthAlaya sAva nAnuM gaNAya, paraMtu enI anekavidha pravRttio joIne AnaMdita thaI javAya. jyAre graMthapAla mane enuM navuM thatuM makAna jovA laI gayA, tyAM pustako mATenA ghoDAono abhAva che. khaMDamAM mAtra kampyUTara ane besavAnI khurazIo che. A joIne graMtha ane graMthAlayonI badalAtI tAsIra vize vicAra karavA lAgyo. sarjaka 'dhUmaketu' phAunTana penathI lakhatA ane 'jayabhikhkhu' kalama ane zAhIthI lakhatA, e baMnenAM lekhananAM sAdhano vacceno bheda e samaye sahunI najare carcAno viSaya banato hato. AjanA ghaNA sarjako ane temAMya videzanA sarjako ane patrakAro to kampyUTara para ja potAnA lekho lakhe che. AnA agaNita lAbho che te svIkAravuM ja rahyuM. lekhamAM pahelo paeNregrApha vacce mUkavo hoya, vacceno paeNregrApha chelle mUkavo hoya ke pachI sAtamA vAkyane sthAne sitteramuM vAkya mUkavuM hoya to te saghaLuM kampyUTarakaMpojhamAM atyaMta AsAna che. vaLI kampyUTara tamAro e lekha jALavI rAkhe. phAila karavAnI koI jhaMjhaTa nahIM. jarUra paDye e thoDI miniTamAM tamane varSo jUno lekha meLavI Ape che. e lekhane sudhAravo hoya to oNna skrIna sudhArI zakAya. kAgaLa ke sTezanarIno bacAva thAya e vAta vaLI judI. vadhArAmAM enA phormeTa ane le-AuTamAM paNa parivartana karI zako cho. sAhityika nisabata 38 Ecualbout1aps p 44 graMthAlayomAM ghoDAomAM je jagA roke che te graMtho dhIre dhIre adazya thavA lAgyA che ane e graMtho DIvIDImAM sthAna laI rahyA che. vicAra karato hato ke AvI eka sIDI ke DIvIDImAM keTalA badhA graMthono samAveza thaI zake? naoNrtha kerolinAmAM vasatA mArA mitra pravINa zAhe aneka graMtho samAvatI DIvIDI taiyAra karI che. AvI eka DIvIDImAM doDha lAkha pRSThanI sAmagrI samAvI zakAya. emAM pustakanA lekhakonI sUci ApI zakAya, lekhanI sUci ApI zakAya ane e ja rIte lekha, prakAzaka ke saMsthAnI sUci paNa ApI zakAya. eTale ke amuka lekhakanuM nAma sarca karAvo ane e lekhakanAM badhAM ja pustako tamane ekasAthe jovA maLe. jo prakAzakanuM nAma sarca karAvo to e prakAzakanAM badhAM ja pustako tamane jovA maLe. emAM judI judI bhASAnA graMtho hoya ane tame mAtra saMskRta bhASAnA graMthone sarca karAvo to e graMthonI yAdI tamane maLI jAya. Ama tame dhAro eTalI 'lika' pramANe A sAmagrI vargIkRta rUpe maLI zake. vaLI ene vebasAiTa para mUko to e inTaraneTa dvArA jagatabharamAM kampyUTara para tamane te upalabdha banI rahe. keTalAka graMthAlayomAM AvA DijiTala phaoNrmeTamAM taiyAra thayelI i-buksa maLe che. duniyAnA koI paNa sthaLe ho to te tame meLavI zako cho ane AvI i-buksamAM zabdakoza, bukamArka ane vAcakanI alAyadI noMdha karavAnI jagA paNa rAkhI hoya che. tame dhAro eTalI vakhata A i-buksa joI zako cho. graMthAlayamAM beThAM beThAM ke ghera beThAM beThAM A i-buksa meLavI zako cho. eTaluM ja nahIM, paNa enA pRSThanI kaoNpI paNa kADhI zako cho. sAhitya ane itihAsanAM aneka pustako AvI i-buksamAM mane tyAM jovA maLyAM. zeksapiyaranAM saghaLAM nATako, vizvanI prasiddha sAhityakRtio temaja vartamAna samayanA lekhakonA graMtho AmAM upalabdha hatAM. koI pustakanI pahelI AvRtti ke sulabha na hoya tevuM pustaka athavA to AuTa oNpha prinTa pustaka neTa dvArA tame saraLatAthI meLavI zako. AvI eka ja buka-sAiTa para be karoDa pustako maLe che. Aje prati varSa neTamAM sarerAza cha lAkha i-buksano umero thato rahe che. sImADe UbhelI TeknaoNlojI sano

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bhAratamAM ApaNe Amazon ane eBAY neTathI paricita chIe, paraMtu evAM bIjAM ghaNAM sarca-enjina che ke jyAMthI tamane ati durlabha pustaka paNa prApta thAya. Ane mATe Alibris neTamAM cha karoDa jeTalAM jUnAM, navAM ane AuTa oNpha prinTa pustako maLe che to biblio para jagatanA pAMca hajAra jeTalA vyavasAyI ke svataMtra pustaviktAonI yAdI maLe che ane emanI pAsenAM sADA cAra karoDa pustakonI vigata sAMpaDe che. AvI to aneka neTa-sAiTa che ane enA sarca-enjina parathI tamane jarUrI koI paNa pustaka prApta thAya che. inTaraneTa parathI have tamAma viSayanA graMthonI vigato meLavavAnuM to saraLa thayuM che, balake koI eka ja viSaya upara aDhaLaka mAhitI paNa emAMthI prApta thAya che. have navalakathAnuM eka prakaraNa eka vyakti lakhe ane te neTa para mukAya che, e pachI bIjI vyaktio AgaLanuM prakaraNa lakhIne mokale ane emAMthI pasaMdagI karIne navalakathAnuM bIjuM prakaraNa mUkavAmAM Ave che. pariNAme eka ja navalakathAnuM kathAvastu aneka lekhakone hAthe kheDAya che. AvI i-navalakathA paNa have maLe che. tAjetaramAM prAcIna hastapratonA insTiTyUTa oNpha jainaoNlojI dvArA thatA DijiTAijhezanamAM eka evI paddhatinuM nirmANa karyuM che ke jemAM mULa prAkRta pustakanI noMdha hoya, enI nIce aMgrejImAM eno anuvAda hoya, enI pAchaLa saMgIta hoya ane emAM koI pAribhASika zabda na samajAya to klika karavAthI eno artha paNa maLI zake ane pAnuM ApoApa pharatuM rahe. 'niMga peijisa'nI A TekanolojI dhIre dhIre AkAra laI rahI che. TrAnsaliTarezana Aje sAva saraLa banyuM che. enI pAchaLa pAchaLa anuvAdanI AsAna paddhati paNa AvI rahI che. gujarAtI bhASAmAM zrI ratibhAI caMdarayAnA gujarAtI DijiTala zabdakozanI sAmagrI inTaraneTa para www.gujaratilexicon.com nAmanI vebasAiTa para upalabdha thaI gaI che ane have gujarAta vidyApIThanA 'sArtha gujarAtI joDaNIkoza'nA zabdonuM gujarAtI spelacekara paNa taiyAra thaI gayuM che, te AnaMdanI ghaTanA kahevAya. A ja rIte gujarAtI sAhityanAM jUnAM sAmayiko ja nahIM, balka jUnAM pustakone DIvIDImAM utAravAnI jarUra che. A TekanaoNlojI pramANamAM moMghI paNa nathI. DIvIDImAM eka pAnuM mUkavuM hoya to enI kiMmata 3-4 rUpiyA thAya. pachI emAM jeTalI 'liMka' goThavo teTalo vadhu kharca thAya. jUnA graMthonI jALavaNI AmAM zakya banaze. sarjakonA hastAkSaromAM thayelAM lakhANo paNa jALavI zakAze. amuka kAryakramonI jUnI tasavIro A rIte meLavI zakAze. vartamAna samayamAM sAmayiko vebasAiTa para mUkavAthI e tarata ja emAM ruci dharAvanAra vAcaka sudhI pahoMcI jAya che te kaMI ocho lAbha kahevAya ? A rIte lekhana, graMtho, graMthAlayo ane graMthaprakAzana e badhAMmAM TekanaoNlojInI dRSTie jhaDapathI parivartana AvI rahyuM che. likhita zabdano mahimA bhale ocho thato lAge, paraMtu e rahevAno to kharo ja . enuM eka kAraNa e ke A TeknolojI sahune mATe sugama banatI nathI. je dezamAM cAlIsa TakAthI vadhu loko garIbInI rekhA heThaLa jIvatA hoya, tyAre sahune mATe kamyuTara kyAMthI hAthavaguM hoya ? paraMtu jJAnasaMcayanA saMdarbhamAM A TekanaoNlojIno vicAra to have karavo ja rahyo, kAraNa e TekanolojI Aje cheka sAhityanA sImADe AvI pahoMcI che. A navAM sAdhanone kaI rIte prayojavAM, emAMthI kaI rIte lAbha meLavavo ane kevI rIte enI sAthe anukUlana sAdhavuM te vize have vicAra karavAno samaya pAkI gayo che. sAhityika nisabata sImADe UbhelI TekanolojI 80

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anuvAdapravRtti gujarAtI sAhitya pariSadanA zrI eca. ema. paTela anuvAdakendra dvArA pradIpa khAMDavAlAno 'Beyond the Beaten Track' nAmano AjanA 80 kavio ane trIsa jeTalA divaMgata kavionI baso jeTalI rUpAMtarakSama ane viSaya, kalpanA, pratIka ane svarUpanI bAbatamAM vaiziSTa dharAvatI kAvyakRtiono aMgrejI anuvAda pragaTa thaI rahyo che. tridIpa suhRda karelA nArAyaNa desAI likhita mahAtmA gAMdhIjInA jIvanacaritra 'mAruM jIvana e ja mArI vANI'no aMgrejI anuvAda paNa pragaTa thavAnI taiyArImAM che. vinoda meghANIe karelA 'sarasvatIcaMdra'nA saMkSipta aMgrejI anuvAdanI dvitIya AvRtti ane Aloka gupta temaja vIrendra nArAyaNa sihe taiyAra karelA 'sarasvatIcaMdra'nA cAra bhAgono hiMdI anuvAda paNa prasiddha thavAmAM che. A badhI ghaTanAo AnaMdadAyaka e mATe lAge che ke pramANamAM gujarAtI sAhityamAMthI aMgrejI ke anya bhASAmAM anuvAdapravRtti ghaNI maMda gatie cAle che, tyAre A sthiti thoDI AzAyesa Ape che. sAhityamAM AdAna-pradAna thavuM joIe ema ApaNe kahIe chIe, paraMtu gujarAtImAM mukhyatve AdAna karIe chIe, pradAna nahIM. anya bhAratIya bhASAo ke aMgrejI bhASAmAM gujarAtI sAhityanuM pradAna nahIMvat che. koI vepArI mAtra sthAnika bhUmikAe ja utpAdana kare, to enA utpAdanano vikAsa thato nathI. paraMtu e enuM utpAdana anya pradezamAM laIne jAya, tyAre enI guNavattA ane enI vyApakatAno prazna ApoApa samajAya ane ukelAya che. e ja rIte gujarAtI sAhitya e mAtra gujarAtI vAcako pUratuM sImita rahe, to aMte te sAhityanA vikAsane avarodhaka banI rahe che. eka samaye gujarAtI sAhityakAro rASTrIya stara para aMgrejImAM lekhana karatA hatA, dIvAna bahAdura kRSNalAla mo. jhaverI, govardhanarAma tripAThI, kavi kAnta, maNilAla nabhubhAI jevA sarjakoe aMgrejImAM lakhyuM che. pArasI lekhaka jehAMgIra eca saMjAnAe aMgrejImAM gujarAtI sAhitya vize vivecana ane emanA samakAlIna tArAporavAlAe to gujarAtI kavitAnuM aMgrejImAM eka cayana paNa pragaTa karyuM hatuM. govardhanarAmanI 'sarasvatIcaMdra'nA cAreya bhAganI lakhelI prastAvanAo, dayArAma giDumala sAtheno emano patravyavahAra ane eNpa buka" aMgrejImAM lakhelI maLe che. AnuM svAbhAvika kAraNa e hatuM ke e samaye muMbaI rAjya hovAthI aMgrejImAM vyavahAra cAlato hato. bhASAvAra prAMtaracanA thaI nahotI. kacchathI karAMcI sudhIno vistAra muMbaI yunivarsiTImAM AvarI levAyo hovAthI gujarAtIne binagujarAtIo sAthe spardhAmAM rahevAnuM anivArya banyuM hatuM, AthI e samaye sAkSaro marAThI, gujarAtI ke hiMdInA vidvAna hoya, paNa aMgrejImAM vaktavya ApI zakatA ane lakhI paNa zakatA. narasiMharAva diveTiyAe Thakkara vasanajI vyAkhyAno aMgrejImAM ApyAM hatAM. atisukhakara trivedI aMgrejImAM ja badho vyavahAra karatA. gujarAtInuM praznapatra aMgrejImAM kADhatA hatA ! vividha bhASAonA zrotAsamUha samakSa upasthita rahevAnuM hovAthI e samayanA ApaNA sAkSaromAM aMgrejImAM bolavAno ane carcA karavAno mahAvaro hato, jo ke e jamAnAmAM vicArapreraka sAhityano mahimA hovAthI sarjanAtmaka sAhitya tarapha bahu dhyAna apAyuM nahotuM. gujarAtI sarjaka pAse aMgrejImAM lakhavAnI kSamatA ane sajjatA hatI, paraMtu eno anuvAda karavA vize koI sabhAnatA nahotI. Aje rASTrIya bhUmikAe paNa anuvAda para bhAra mUkavAmAM Ave che. kendrIya sAhitya akAdamI paNa anuvAda para vizeSa jhoka Ape che. e sAcuM che ke koI paNa rASTranI ekatAnI AdhArazilA ke enI ekAtmatA mAtra judAM judAM rAjyanA lokonA meLApathI sadhAya che. bhASA e meLApanuM moTAmAM moTuM sAdhana che. jo samAja bhraSTa haze to bhASA bhraSTa haze ane sAhityika nisabata anuvAdapravRtti

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jo samAja vikasita haze, to tenI bhASA paNa vikAsa pAmelI haze. be bhASA maLe eTale mAtra zabda ane artha maLatA nathI, paNa be prajAnI mAnasasRSTino meLApa sadhAya che. be saMskRtionuM milana thAya che. ApaNe tyAM yamunA, gaMgA ane sarasvatInA triveNIsaMgamanI vAta che. AMtararASTrIya bhASA, rASTrabhASA ane rAjyabhASA traNeyano meLApa thAya, tyAre AvuM tIrtha UbhuM thAya. jema oravIlAmAM eka vizvanagaranI kalpanA karI che, te rIte vizvabhASAnA nagaranI kalpanA karavI joIe. Aje vikasita samAjamAM anuvAdanuM ghaNuM mahattva che. eka arthamAM kahIe to anya bhASA zIkhavI te e bhASAnA mANasanI najIka javA barAbara che. eka pradezanI bhASA sAthe bIjA pradezanI bhASA maLe, tyAre pradeza-pradeza vacce eka setu sadhAya che. anuvAdapravRtti Avo gharobo sarje che. bhASA e je te mAnavInA magajanI noMdha ane enuM mAnasavizva che. bhASAthI ja e pradeza ane enA aMtaraMgane jANI zakAya che anuvAdaka taibhASika hoya te anivArya che, paraMtu enI sAthe enA sAmAjika ane sAMskRtika bhedane jANavA joIe. "kaLaza" zabdano gujarAtImAM judo artha thAya, je loTo zabdathI batAvI zakAya nahi. mayUravAhinI ane haMsavAhinI jevA zabdone yogya saMdarbhamAM samajAvavA joIe. anuvAdapravRtti karatI vakhate enA sAMskRtika saMdarbhane lakSamAM levAya te jovuM joIe. bhASAne jANo, tethI bhASA AvaDe te sAcuM paNa bhASAne jANavI ane enuM spaMdana anubhavavuM te juduM che. kAlidAsanA 'zAkuMtala'mAM zakuMtalA duSyatane 'rakSa avinaya' kahe te paristhitino khyAla pazcimanA vAcakane enI pAchaLa zakuMtalAnA bhAvavizvano khyAla na Ave athavA to 'sarasvatIcaMdra'mAM mAnacatura 'alyA pallu !' kahe, tene anuvAdita karavuM te loDhAnA caNA cAvavA jevuM che. Ama, bhASA mAtra vyAvahArika sAdhana sAthe bhAvanAtmaka sAdhana vizeSa che. e parasparane ekAkAra karavAnuM mahattvanuM kAma kare che. AthI ja anuvAdanI pravRtti vartamAna saMdarbhamAM ati Avazyaka che. enAthI tame bhASakanI aMtaHsthitine ane enA aMtarAtmAne oLakhI zako cho. koI paNa prajAne oLakhavA mATe mAtra bAhya bAbata pUratI nathI. jema mAtra sAhityika nisabata makAnane oLakhIe te pUratuM nathI, temAM vasanArAne jANavA joIe. e ja rIte bhASA dvArA tame enI AMtarika jANakArI meLavI zako cho. e dRSTie anuvAda e mAtra abhivyakti nathI. phakta eka bhASAnI vAta bIjI bhASAmAM pragaTa kare che teTaluM ja nathI, paraMtu eka mANasane bIjA mANasanI lagolaga lAvIne e saMvAdanuM mAdhyama race che. eka setu bane che. enA dvArA prajAno 'AuTaraskeca" nahi, paNa 'inaraskeca' maLe che. A saMdarbhamAM zrI umAzaMkara jozIe gaMgotrI TrasTa dvArA karelA anuvAdakArya para vicAra karavo joIe. emaNe sAta marAThI kavionAM kAvyonA gujarAtI anuvAda karAvyAM. skenDineviyana bhASAnI kavitAnA anuvAdo paNa pragaTa karyA. anuvAda e saMskAravinimaya ane vicAranuM mAdhyama che. anuvAdathI bhASAnI utkaMti thAya che ane kevaLa vyavahAra nahi, paNa enA dvArA UMcI vidyA ane jJAnavijJAna pAmI zakAya. anuvAda karavAthI eka bhASAmAMthI bIjI bhASAmAM gati thAya che ane tethI lAMbe gALe cetavistAra thAya che . iMglenDanI saMskRti jANavA mATe zeksapiyarane jANavo joIe tema kAle mArksa paNa kahyuM che. baMgALanA madhyama ane bhadra varganA lokonuM samAja jIvana jANavA mATe zaradacaMdra caTTopAdhyAyathI bIjo koI sarjaka ke vyakti nahi maLe. A rIte anuvAdathI samyagU samajaNano vistAra thAya che ane hRdayano vyApa vadhe che. anuvAdake mULa lekhakane vadhu ne vadhu nyAya ApavA mATe prayAsa karavo joIe. anuvAdamAM anuvAdakanuM zIla paNa pragaTatuM hoya che. anuvAda UMcA hRdayanI sahRdayatA vinA zakya nathI. nagInadAsa pArekha eka eka zabdane mATe zabdakozo uthalAvatA ane emAM na maLe to e bhASAnA tajajJane vahelI savAre maLavA jatA. e arthamAM anuvAda satyasAdhanA ane enI sAthosAtha vivekanI sAdhanA che. 'kAvyavicArano anuvAda karatI vakhate teo tenA lekhaka surendranAtha dAsaguptAne patrathI puchAvatA hatA. ApaNA bahubhASI dezamAM anuvAda dvArA ja bhAratIyatAnI khoja karI zakIe ane e ja rIte gujarAtanI asmitAno anyane paricaya ApI zakIe. gujarAtI bhASAnA bahu jUja graMthono aMgrejImAM anuvAda anuvAdapravRtti ,

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thayo ane ene pariNAme rASTrIya stare gujarAtI sarjakone yogya sthAna prApta thayuM nathI. kendrIya sAhitya akAdamI dvArA aMgrejImAM 'inDiyana liTarecara' ane hiMdImAM 'samakAlIna bhAratIya sAhitya' jevAM kaimAsikomAM gujarAtI sAhityanA ghaNA ochA anuvAda pragaTa thAya che. gujarAtI sAhitya pAse guNavattA che, paraMtu ahIM sudhI ApaNe pahoMcI zakyA nathI te hakIkata che. baMgALI ane marAThI bhASAmAMthI ApaNe khobe khobe sAhitya lIdhuM, paraMtu marAThI ane baMgALI bhASAmAM ApaNI keTalI uttama kRtio pahoMcI e tapAsano viSaya che. mAtra udAharaNa tarIke kahIe to ramaNalAla vasaMtalAla desAInI 'bhArelo agni' ke kAkAsAheba kAlelakaranA nibaMdhonA anuvAda paNa tyAM pahoMcI zakyA nathI. A kAma kaI rIte thaI zake ? Ane mATe paheluM kArya e karavAnI jarUra che ke gujarAtI sAhitya ane temAMya ziSTa sAhityanA uttama graMthono anuvAda karavo joIe. evI uttama kRtio zodhavI joIe ke jemAMthI gujarAtano svabhAva, mAnasa ane bhAvanA-jagatanuM darzana thAya. jema zokesamAM uttama ghareNAM mUkavAmAM Ave che, e rIte gujarAtanuM ziSTa sAhitya ane lokasAhityamAM je uttama hoya te anuvAda karIne mUkavuM joIe. jema ke uttara gujarAtanA janajIvanano sAkSAtkAra karavA mATe 'mAnavInI bhavAI'no ke soraThanA vaTavyavahAra ane bhAvanAjagatane darzAvavA mATe 'soraTha tArAM, vahetAM pANIno anya bhAratIya bhASAomAM anuvAda upayogI bane. Ama vaga vadhAravA ke maitrI mATe nahi, paraMtu 'ATaluM gujarAtanI bahAra javuM ja joIe" evA khyAla sAthe anuvAdakArya thavuM joIe. AvA anuvAdakAryamAM sarjakoe vadhu rasa levo joIe. vikhyAta raziyana navalikAkAra ane nATyalekhaka enTana cekhova sarjanakArya sivAyanI paLomAM anuvAda kArya karatA hatA. savArathI sAMja sudhI sarjakamAM sarjakatAno udraka hoto nathI. e to thoDo samaya, teno 'mUDa' hoya tyAM sudhI hoya che. have jyAre sarja katA(krieTiviTI)no gALo na hoya, tyAre te anusarjana ke anuvAda karato hoya che. jhaveracaMda meghANInAM anusarjanomAM mULanI vastune pakaDIne taLa bhASAmAM thayelI rajUAta AsvAdya che. 'ravIndravINA' e ucca sAhityika nisabata starano anuvAda bhale na hoya, paraMtu 'ravIndravINA'ne ravIndranAtha jeTalI lokapriya karI zakyA nahIM, tenAthI vadhu jhaveracaMda meghANI AsvAdya banAvI zakyA. mukhya vAta mULa sarjakanA aMtarano paDagho anuvAdamAM anubhavAya te che. gujarAtI sAhitya pariSadanA amadAvAdanA adhivezanamAM ravIndranAtha TAgoranA bhASaNano anuvAda karavAnuM kAma gAMdhIjIe bajAvyuM hatuM ane emaNe eno marma pAmIne vAta karI hatI. Ama anuvAdaka pAse anya bhASAnA marmane pakaDavAnI kSamatA hovI joIe. bhASAMtara karatAM anuvAda muzkela che. bhASAMtaramAM je lakhyuM hoya teno anuvAda hoya, paraMtu anuvAdamAM to muLanI pAchaLa vadhu sUkSmatApUrvaka javAnuM hoya che. dakSiNa bhAratamAM aMgrejInA ghaNA adhyApakoe dakSiNa bhAratanI bhASAomAMthI aMgrejImAM anuvAda karyA, jethI Aje samagra dezamAM dakSiNa bhAratanA sarjako vizeSa prasiddha che. digIza mahetAnuM ahIM smaraNa thAya che. paNa AvA gujarAtI sAhityano anuvAda karanArA aMgrejInA adhyApako ApaNe tyAM keTalA? kharekhara to vyavasAyI dhoraNe anuvAdako taiyAra karavA joIe. lekhaka ke prAdhyApakanI jema anuvAdaka tarIke kArakirdI ghaDI zakAya evI zakyatA sarjavI joIe. kannaDa sAhityakAra zrI yu. Ara. anaMtamUrtie to kahyuM hatuM ke yunivarsiTI ane sarakAra maLIne cAreka vyaktine anya rAjyomAM mokale. teo tyAMnI bhASA jANe ane tyAM rahIne enI saMskRtino mAhola samaje kAraNa ke emaNe mAtra kRtinuM bhASAMtara karavAnuM nathI, paraMtu enuM sAMskRtika rUpAMtara paNa ApavAnuM che ane AvA anuvAdakone sAruM evuM pArizramika paNa maLavuM joIe. bhASAzikSaNamAM anuvAdanuM praznapatra hovuM joIe. zrI umAzaMkara jozI kahetA ke, eka bhASA zIkhe na cAle AthI teo snAtaka ke anusnAtaka kakSAe koI paNa viSaya "enTAyara' laIne vidyArthI uttIrNa thAya te pasaMda karatA nahIM. ekaluM gujarAtI na cAle ke ekaluM aMgrejI na cAle. anuvAda e to eka dharatIno dharu upADIne bIjI dharatImAM ropavA jevuM kAma che. e sAcuM che ke asala te asala che ane pratibiba te pratibiMba che. paraMtu evuM pratibiba jhilAvuM joIe ke jethI muLano khyAla Ave. anuvAdapravRtti 86

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dIpe aruNuM parabhAta vaLI gujarAtImAMthI aMgrejI bhASAmAM taiyAra thayelo anuvAda paNa aMgrejI bhASAnA jJAtA pAse saMpAdita karIne pragaTa karavo joIe, kAraNa ke vartamAna samayanI aMgrejI bhASAmAM e anuvAda lakhAyelo hoya to ja vAcakone e vadhu suvAcya lAge che. ApaNe tyAM anuvAdita kRtionI samIkSA bhAgye ja yogya rIte thAya che. moTe bhAge to anUdita pustakanA kRtiparicaya pachI chelle laTakaNiyA rUpe anuvAdakano anuvAda kevo che, teno ekAda-be vAkyamAM ullekha karavAmAM Ave che. hakIkatamAM anuvAdita kRtinI samIkSAnI sAthosAtha anuvAdake AmAM kevI upalabdhi meLavI che. enI vAta paNa karavI joIe. brAjhiliyana lekhaka pAulo koelhoe porTugIjha bhASAmAM lakhelI 'dha ellemisTa' navalakathA aMgrejImAM pragaTa thatAM enuM pacAsa bhASAomAM bhASAMtara thayuM ane e vizvabharamAM jANIto thayo. aMtaHpreraNAne vaza thaIne je potAnA cirasevita svapnane siddha karavA sAru nIkaLI paDe che tene jIvanadevatA avazya madada kare che e vicArane suMdara rIte caritArtha karatI A parIkathAne bahoLo vAcakavarga sAMpaDyo. ApaNA uttama sAhityane anya pradezomAM ane dezomAM pracalita karavuM hoya to eno anuvAda karavAnuM-karAvavAnuM kAma thavuM ja joIe. ApaNe ApaNA sarjakone gujarAtanI bahAra jANItA karI zakyA nathI tyAre A viSayamAM gaMbhIrapaNe vicAravuM joIe. gujarAtanA vidyAjagate ane pariSada, akAdemI jevI sAhitya-saMsthAoe A dizAmAM ghaNuM karavAnuM bAkI che. gujarAtanA pATanagara gAMdhInagaramAM kalcarala phaoNrama, gAMdhInagara tema ja sahayogI saMsthAonA yajamAnapade gujarAtI sAhitya pariSadanuM 44muM adhivezana bharAI rahyuM che, tyAre svAbhAvika rIte ja AnaMdano anubhava thAya che. gAMdhInagara enI rAjakIya pravRttithI vizeSa jANItuM che, paraMtu ene kAraNe enI keTalIka anya vizeSatAo DhaMkAI gaI che. gAMdhInagaramAM AvelI ucca kakSAnI keLavaNInI saMsthAo ane gujarAta nezanala laoN yunivarsiTIe A nagarane navuM rUpa ApyuM che. sAbaramatInA kinAre bhAratIya nagara-Ayojakoe taiyAra kareluM Adhunika bhAratanuM kadAca paheluM pATanagara vizvanA eka ati hariyALA nagara tarIke paNa prasiddha che. akSaradhAma jevI dhArmika saMsthAo ahIM AvelI che. A nagaranA samucita rAjakIya, zaikSaNika ane AdhyAtmika jevAM kSetronA ane khAsa to sAhityakSetramAMnA mahattvane gujarAtI sAhitya pariSadanA adhivezanathI savizeSa puSTi ane samarthana maLaze. Ama to cheka 1977thI gAMdhInagaramAM sAhityika pravRttio cAlatI rahI che. 'mijalasa", "bRhaspati' ane chellAM pAMceka varSathI 'gAMdhInagara sAhitya sabhA' dvArA gujarAtI sAhityanI pravRttio avirata cAle che. 2007nI cothI Disembare gAMdhInagaramAM adhivezana pUrve zarU thayelI graMthayAtrAmAM kula 41 hajAra jeTalA vidyArthIo bhAga leze e keTalI moTI AnaMdanI ghaTanA che. dIpe arUNuM parabhAta sAhityika nisabata

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umareThanI hAiskUlanA zikSaka raNajitarAma vAvAbhAIe 1905nA eprila mahinAmAM pahelI sAhitya pariSadanuM amadAvAdamAM Ayojana karyuM. pitAnA ghera ekanA eka lADakavAyA putranA lagnaprasaMge jeTalo harSa ane utsAha hoya eTalo harSa ane utsAha e pahelI gujarAtI pariSada vakhate raNajitarAma vAvAbhAIne hato, evI noMdha maLe che. sUratI lAla pAghaDI, lAMbo cAInA silkano koTa, kasabI dupaTTe, jhINuM dhotiyuM, mojAM ane bUTamAM sajja raNajitarAme e samaye navAyuganA draSTA ane 'sarasvatIcaMdra'nA sarjaka govardhanarAma tripAThInA pramukhapade enuM Ayojana karyuM hatuM. emanI gujarAtI sAhitya pariSada yojavAnI vAta para AcArya AnaMdazaMkara dhruva jevA sAkSaroe ThaMDuM pANI reDyuM hatuM, paraMtu vIsamI sadInA vicAraka ane karmavIra evA raNajitarAma vAvAbhAIe 'gujarAtI bhASAmAM pAMDitya ane rasikatA khIle, navIna zodhakhoLa mATe utkaMThA tIvra thAya, vidyAmAM samAyelA sarva viSayonuM sAhitya ApaNI bhASAmAM racAya e hetuthI' 1905mAM gujarAtI sAhitya pariSadanuM prathama adhivezana yojyuM. kavi nhAnAlAle ema kahyuM che ke "gujarAtamAM UjavAtI pratyeka sAkSarajayaMtI eka rIte raNajitarAmanI smaraNajayaMtI che, pratyeka sAhityasabhA raNajitarAmano yazasthaMbha che, sAhityapariSadanI pratyeka beThaka raNajitarAmano kIrtiyajJa che." A samaya yAda Ave che ke 1982nI 26mI eprile gujarAtI sAhitya pariSadanA bhavananA vizALa prAMgaNamAM zrI raghuvIra caudharI ane huM maMtrI hatA tyAre raNajitarAma vAvAbhAInA suputra ane bhAratanA rASTrIya netA zrI azoka mahetAnI upasthitimAM raNajitarAmanI janmazatAbdIno prAraMbha thayo hato. te samaye zrI manubhAI paMcoLI 'darzake' kahyuM hatuM ke "gujarAtane tenAM badhAM aMgopAMgo sAthe najaramAM rAkhIne - te gujarAta mATe rAtadivasa ciMtA sevanAro raNajitarAma sivAya bIjo koI mANasa thayo hoya evuM huM jANato nathI. e to AkhA hiMdustAnano ane duniyAno mANasa kahevAya." raNajitarAmanI gujarAtI sAhitya pariSada vizenI ane sAhityika nisabata 90 pulhikoot1 | T 50 gujarAtane beThuM karavAnI e bhAvanAnuM smaraNa karIne gujarAtI sAhitya pariSadanA vartamAnanI thoDI vAta karIe. gujarAtI sAhitya pariSadanA mAMDavI jJAnasatramAM pramukhapadanI javAbadArI svIkAryA bAda sahunAM uSmA ane sahayogane kAraNe gujarAtI sAhitya pariSada dvArA anekavidha pravRttio thaI zakI che. mAMDavI jJAnasatrathI dharamapuranA sAhityasatra sudhInI yAtrA saMtoSakAraka ane garimApUrNa rahI. bhujathI muMbaI sudhI ane luNAvADAthI bhAvanagara sudhInA pradezamAM vividha sAhityika Ayojano thatAM rahyAM. sAyalA, surendranagara, vaDodarA, jAmanagara, rAjakoTa jevAM zaheromAM paNa sAhityika kAryakramo thayA. pariSadanI navodita sarjako sAthenA saMvAdanI pravRtti judAM judAM zaheromAM prasarI ane e saMdarbhamAM kAryazibira paNa yojAyo. sAkSara govardhanarAma tripAThI vize rASTrIya kakSAno parisaMvAda ane prajJAcakSu paMDita sukhalAlajI vize muMbaImAM yojAyelo parisaMvAda yAdagAra banI rahyA. judI judI vyAkhyAnamALAo, 'ApaNo sAhityavAraso' zreNI aMtargata vyAkhyAno temaja 'pAkSikI'nI goSThio dvArA paNa sAhityane upakAraka evI aneka pravRttiothI A saMsthA dhabakatI rahI che. bhASAsAhityanA samyak zikSaNa mATe adhyApana-sajjatA zibiranuM Ayojana paNa A saMsthAe karyuM. gujarAtanA baso jeTalA kavionAM kAvyono aMgrejI anuvAdagraMtha Beyond the Beaten Track paNa taiyAra thayo che. ghaNAM varSo bAda pariSadanuM Arthika rIte pramANamAM UjaLuM citra jovA maLyuM ane pariSadanA sahu hoddedAroe evA saMpa ane sahakArathI kArya karyuM ke saghaLI kAryavahI sarvAnumate thaI zakI. A hoddedAroe samaya ApavA uparAMta pariSadanA koI paNa kAryakramamAM vAhanakharca to lIdho nathI, paraMtu puraskAra sudhdhAM lIdho nathI. pariSade enI vebasAiTa ane enA graMthAlayanA AdhunikIkaraNano moTo vyAyAma A gALAmAM pUrNa karyo che. pariSadanI vebasAiTa dvArA enA graMthAlayanAM 70 hajAra jeTalAM pustakonI mAhitI ghera beThAM upalabdha thaze, eTaluM ja nahIM, paNa bhaviSyamAM pariSadanI vebasAiTa dvArA bIjAM pustakAlayo sAthe joDAvAnI prakriyA paNa cAlI rahI che . e ja rIte durlabha pustako, hastaprato ane sAmayikonuM DijiTAijhezana karavAno dIpe aruNuM parabhAta 1

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vicAra nakkara svarUpa dhAraNa karI rahyo che. inTaraneTa ane vebasAiTa jevI Adhunika TeknaoNlojI dvArA pariSada vadhu prajAbhimukha bane tevA prayatno paNa thayA che. chellAM savA varSanA gALAmAM ekasothI vadhu kAryakramo, cAlIsa jeTalAM pustakonuM prakAzana karavAnI sAthosAtha saMvAditAnI sAthe vikAsa paNa ThIka ThIka sadhAyo teno AnaMda che. sTAnDarDa oNpareTiMga prosIja2 jevI Adhunika paddhatino navodito mATenA kAryakmamAM prAyogika upayoga karyo ane vizeSa to aneka sAhityakAro ane sAhityarasiko vacce tathA navodita sAhityakAro sAthe setu sAdhavAnI koziza karI. dariyApAra vasatA gujarAtI sarjakonA DAyasporA sAhityane paNa ucita sthAna maLyuM. lekhikAonA sarjanane protsAhana ApavAnA hetuthI thayelI ekAMkI-lekhanaspardhAmAM 44 jeTalI bahenoe bhAga lIdho ane emAMthI traNa ekAMkIonAM maMcana thayAM tathA 10 ekAMkInuM paThana thayuM e eka yAdagAra ghaTanA kahevAya. hajI gujarAtI sAhitya pariSade mAtRbhASAne mATe ghaNuM karavAnuM bAkI che. saMzodhananA kSetramAM AvelI oTa, madhyakAlIna sAhityanA abhyAsanI upekSA, samUhamAdhyamone kAraNe Ubho thayelo bhASAzuddhino prazna jevI bAbato ciMtA janmAve tevI che. e sAcuM che ke saMsthAo sarjakanuM sarjana karI zakatI nathI paraMtu enI sarjanAtmakatAne poSe evuM vAtAvaraNa racavAnuM enuM kAma che. phrAMsanI kAphemAM jema sAhityakAro ekaThA thatA hatA ane sAhityacarcA cAlatI hatI. thoDA samaya pUrve amadAvAdanA TAunahaoNlanA hevamoramAM paNa sAhityakAro ekaThA thatA hatA e ja rIte pariSadamAM paNa samI sAMje sahu sAhityakAro ekaThA thaIne goSThi kare evuM vAtAvaraNa sarjavAnuM bAkI che. saMzodhananI vAta karIe to hajI ApaNo madhyakAlIna itihAsa adhUro che, kAraNa ke hastapratamAM rahelI vipula sAmagrInuM saMzodhana bAkI che. hastaprata vAMcIne saMpAdana karI zakanArI vyaktio gaNIgAMThI ja rahI che. A kSetramAM navI zaktinI zodha karavAnI che. atyAre gujarAtI bhASA-sAhityamAM thayelA saMzodhananA vikAsano itihAsa ApaNI pAse nathI. gujarAtI bhASAnuM potAnuM AgavuM kahI sAhityika nisabata 2 tahikool1 - 51 zakAya evuM vyAkaraNa taiyAra karavAnI jarUra che ane e ja rIte aMgrejI zabdAvalinA gujarAtI uccAro nirdhArita karavAno paNa prayAsa karavo joIe. ApaNA DhALo ane dezIo lupta thavA mAMDyA che. zaherIkaraNane pariNAme lagnagIto bhulAI rahyAM che. A badhAMnI jALavaNI e AjanI tAtI jarUra che. dalita sAhitya vize vizeSa jAgRtinI ane AdivAsI sAhityane paNa lupta thAya te pUrve kaeNseTamAM utArI levAnI jarUra che. A dizAmAM bhagavAnadAsa paTele thoDuMka kAma karyuM che, paNa hajI ghaNA vistAro bAkI che. e ja sthiti ApaNA bALasAhityanI che. bALasAhityamAM pramANamAM bahu ochuM kAma thAya che ane enuM vivecana sAva nahivat thAya che, je kAma pariSade pUrve karyuM che teno punarvicAra paNa thaI zake. eka samaye nagInadAsa pArekha jevA vidvAno gujarAtI bhASAnAM pAThyapustakonI samIkSA karatA hatA. ApaNA dezIhisAbamAM samaya pramANe parivartana lAvavAnI jarUra che. jema ke, 'u', 'ai', 'kha', 'za' mATe utaraDa, airAvata, khala ane zakorUM zabda AjanA bALakane samajAtA haze kharA ? samUhamAdhyamomAM AvatA sAhityanA kAryakramo vize pariSada mArgadarzana ApI zake ane e saMdarbhe mAdhyamone javAbadArIpUrvaka vartatA karI zake. manoraMjanano artha e nathI ke emAM kyAMya manoghaDatarane sthAna na hoya. raMgabhUminA kSetre hajI ghaNuM kAma bAkI che. zerI-nATako thaI rahyAM che enA prasAramAM paNa pariSada sahAyaka banI zake. janasamUhanI vyApaka sAhityarucinA ghaDataranA saMdarbhamAM have pachInA samayamAM gujarAtI sAhitya pariSada pAse ghaNI apekSA che ane zrI raNajitarAma vAvAbhAIe sthApelI A saMsthA e svapnone siddha karavAnuM sattva ane zIla paNa dharAve che. gujarAtI sAhitya pariSade enI vikAsagati jALavI che ne tene savizeSa pariNAmalakSI banAvavAmAM paNa noMdhapAtra sayitA dAkhavI che. tethI eka DagaluM AgaLa bharyuM che ane sAMprata paristhitimAM 'aruNuM prabhAta'no anubhava thaI rahyo che. mArA pramukhakALa daramiyAna je AkAMkSA pariSadanI pravRttione vadhu jIvaMta karavAnI rAkhI hatI te ghaNe aMze siddha thaI hoya tevo anubhava karuM chuM. e siddha karavAmAM pariSadanA upapramukho, maMtrIo, koSAdhyakSa, pariSadanA dIpe aruNuM parabhAta 93

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ko kAryavAhaka ane madhyastha samitinA hoddedAroe satata preraka sahakAra Apyo che. A prasaMge sahu mitrone dhanyavAda ApuM chuM. vaLI je sAhityika saMsthAo, yunivarsiTInA gujarAtI vibhAgo, kaoNlejo vageree paNa sAhityika pravRttione vegavaMta banAvavAnA mArA prayatnone uSmAbharyo sAtha Apyo te mATe AbhAra mAnuM chuM. have A navI javAbadArI zrI nArAyaNabhAI desAI jevI samartha pratibhAne soMpatAM gauravanI lAgaNI anubhavuM chuM. gujarAtI sAhitya pariSada sAthe agAunI jema A pachI paNa saMlagna rahIza e kahevAnI AvazyakatA nathI. aMtamAM sahu sAhityapriya svajanono hRdayapUrvaka punaH punaH AbhAra mAnuM chuM. kumArapALa desAI : sAhityasarjana | vivecana * hemacaMdrAcAryanI sAhityasAdhanA * zabdasaMnidhi * bhAvana-vibhAvana * AnaMdaghana : jIvana ane kavana * zabdasamIpa saMzodhana jJAnavimalasUri kRta stabaka * AnaMdaghana : eka adhyayana * apragaTa madhyakAlIna kRtio ma gata saikAnI jaina dharmanI pravRttio * merusuMdara upAdhyAyaracita ajitazAMti stavanano bAlAvabodha * aba hama amara bhaye * abolanI AtamavANI caritra * lAla gulAba * mahAmAnava zAstrI * apaMganAM ojasa * vIra rAmamUrti * sI. ke. nAyaDu ja lAlA amaranAtha * bALakonA buddhisAgarasUrijI * bhagavAna RSabhadeva * phirAka gorakhapurI * bhagavAna mallinAtha + AtamajJAnI zramaNa kahAve # bhagavAna mahAvIra # aMgUThe amRta vase * zrI mahAvIra jIvanadarzana * jinazAsananI kIrtigAthA * AphatonI AMdhI vacce samRddhinuM zikhara * mULamArganuM amRta ane adhyAtmanuM zikhara * mAnavatAnI maheMka (premacaMda vrajapALa zAhanuM jIvana caritra) * tIrthaMkara mahAvIra bAlasAhitya # vatana, tArAM ratana * DAhyo Damaro * keDe kaTArI, khabhe DhAla * birAdarI # motane hAthatALI # motInI mALA * jhabaka dIvaDI # haiyuM nAnuM, hiMmata moTI * parAkramI rAma * rAma vanavAsa * sItAharaNa * vIra hanumAna * nAnI uMmara, moTuM kAma * bhImasena * cAlo pazuonI duniyAmAM, 1-2-3 * vahetI vAto * vAtonA vALu * lokhaMDI dAdAjI # Dhola vAge DhamADhama * sAcanA sipAhI ciMtana * jhAkaLabhInAM motI bhAga 1-2-3 * motInI khetI * mAnavatAnI maheka * tRSA ane tRpti * kSamApanA * zraddhAMjali * jIvananuM amRta * du:khanI pAnakharamAM AnaMdano eka Tahuko * jhAkaLa banyuM motI * samaro maMtra bhalo navakAra * kSaNano sAkSAtkAra patrakAratva : akhabArI lekhana navalikAsaMgraha : ekAnta kolAhala sAhityika nisabata 94

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saMpAdana * haimasmRti * jayabhikhkhanI jaina dharmakathAo 1-2 * narmada : AjanA saMdarbhamAM * navalikA aMka (gujarAta TAimsa) * ojasa dIThAM AtmabaLanAM * ratnatrayInAM ajavALA * sAmAyika sUtra - artha sAthe (saMpAdana) zaMkhezvara mahAtIrtha : yazobhAratI * dhanya che dharma tane (AcArya vijaya-vallabhasUrinAM pravacanonuM saMpAdana) * sAhitya ane patrakAratva (saMpAdana) * Atmavallabha smaraNikA (gujarAtI vibhAganuM saMpAdana) * bAlasAhitya saMgoSThi * parivartananuM prabhAta (gujarAta TAimsa) * ekavIsamI sadInuM vizva gujarAta TAimsa) * ekavIsamI sadInuM bALasAhitya * adAvata vinAnI adAlata (zrI caM. cI. mahetAnA reDiyo rUpakonuM saMpAdana) * eka divasanI mahArANI (Demona raniyananI vArtAono caM.cI.mahetAe karelo anuvAda) * huM pote (nArAyaNa hemacaMdra) * zrImad rAjacaMdra ane mahAtmA gAMdhI saMpAdana anya sAthe * zabdazrI * savyasAcI sArasvata * sneha ane sauhArda * kavi dulA kAga mRtigraMtha * Atmavallabha smaraNikA * caMdravadana mahetA nATyazreNI bhAga 1-4 * jayabhikhkhuM smRtigraMtha anuvAdaH navavadhU (Aphrikana lekhaka oNsTina bukenyAnI nATyakRtino anuvAda) prakIrNa : abolanI AtamavANI * ahiMsAnI yAtrA hiMdI pustako * jinazAsana kI kIrtigAthA * apAhija tana, aDiga mana * AnaMdaghana aMgrejI pustako * Glory of Jainism * Stories From Jainism * Essence of Jainism * The Value and Heritage of Jain Religion * Kshamapana * Role of Women in Jain Religion * Non-violence A Way of Life (Bhagvan Mahavir) * A Pinnacle of Spirituality * The Timeless Message of Bhagvan Mahavir * Vegetarianism * Tirthankar Mahavir * A Journey of Ahimsa * Our life in the context of five Anuvrats and Anekantwad * Influence of Jainism on Mahatma Gandhi