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________________ rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya kI rUpa-paramparA DaoN. manamohanasvarUpa mAthura, prAdhyApaka, hindI vibhAga, AI0 bI0 kaoNleja, pAnIpata (hariyANA) vizva-phalaka para rAjasthAna kI bhUmi gauravapUrNa vividha raMgoM ko grahaNa kiye hue hai / vezabhUSA, khAna-pAna, rahanasahana, bhASA Adi meM vividha sAMskRtika cetanA ko samanvita karane vAlA yaha akelA pradeza hai / yahA~ durgA aura sarasvatI eka hI paTala para virAjamAna haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki rAjasthAna ke aNu-aNu meM jhaMkRta raNa-kaMkaNa kI dhvani aura khaDgoM kI khanakhanAhaTa ke samAna hI yahA~ ke nagara-nagara, grAma-grAma meM avasthita jJAna-bhaNDAroM meM tathA jana-jihvA para sarasvatI-sevakoM kI girA surakSita hai| ina jJAna-bhaNDAroM meM baiThakara rAjasthAna ke mUrdhanya jaina vidvAnoM ne vibhinna viSayoM para sAhitya-nirmANa kiyA jinameM unake dvArA viracita bhakti-sAhitya kA apanA viziSTa mahattva hai| rAjasthAna meM jainadharma ke pracAra kI jAnakArI hameM mahAvIra svAmI ke nirvANa ke lagabhaga eka zatI bAda se hI milane lagatI hai| pAMcavIM-chaThI zatAbdI taka yaha vyApaka rUpa se phaila gyaa| yahI dharma nirantara vikasita hotA huA Aja rAjasthAna kI bhUmi para svaNima rUpa se AcchAdita hai| rAjasthAna meM madhyamikA nagarI ko prAcInatama jaina nagara kahA jAtA hai|' karaher3A, udayapura, raNakapura, delavAr3A (mAuNTa AbU), delavAr3A (udayapura), jaisalamera, nAgadA Adi sthAnoM meM nirmita jaina-mandira rAjasthAna meM jainadharma kI prAcInatA ko siddha karate haiN| rAjasthAna ke sAhityika, rAjanItika, dhArmika, vyApArika aura sAmAjika sabhI kSetroM meM yahA~ ke jainiyoM kA apUrva yogadAna rahA hai| rAjasthAna meM jainiyoM dvArA likhita sAhitya kI paramparA kA Arambha 5vIM-6ThI zatAbdI se mAnA jA sakatA hai| ye muni prAkRta-bhASA meM sAhitya likhate the| prathama jaina sAhityakAra kA gaurava bhI rAjasthAna kI bhUmi ko hI prApta kahA jAtA hai / ' AcArya siddhasena divAkara rAjasthAna ke prAcInatama sAhityakAra the| rAjasthAna ke jaina muniyoM ko sAhitya ke lie prerita kiyA yahA~ kI rAjyAzraya pravRtti, dharmabhAvanA evaM guru aura tIrthaMkaroM kI bhAvotkarSaka mUrtiyoM ne| jaina paramparA meM upAdhyAya pada kI icchA ne bhI ina muniyoM ko zreSTha sAhitya kI racanA ke lie prerita kiyaa| isa prakAra zramaNa-saMskRti ke pariNAmasvarUpa rAjasthAna kI isa pavitra gauravAnvita bhUmi para utkRSTa koTi kA jaina-dhAmika sAhitya kA bhI apanI viziSTa zailiyoM meM sRjana hone lgaa| apanI sAhityika viziSTatA ke kAraNa yaha sAhitya jaina-zailI nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| jaina zailI ke adyatana pramukha sAhityakAroM ke nAma haiM-AcArya siddhasena, AcArya haribhadra, udyotanasUri, jinezvarasUri, mahezvarasUri, jinadatta sUri, zAlibhadra, sUri, nemicandra sUri, guNapAla muni, vinayacandra, somamUti, ambadeva sUri, jinapadma sUri, taruNaprabha sUri, merunandana, rAjezvara sUri, jayazekharasuri, hIrAnanda sUri, ratnamanDana gaNi, jayasAgara, kuzalalAbha, samayasundara gaNi, Thakkura pherU, jayasiMha muni, vAcaka kalyANatilaka, vAcaka kuzaladhIra, hIrakalaza muni, mAladevasUri, nemicanda bhaNDArI, AcArya zrI tulasI, AcArya zrI kAla rAja jI, AcArya zrI ghAsIrAma jI, AcArya zrI AtmArAma jI prabhRti / / 1. majjhamikA, prathama aMka. 1973 I0 (DaoN. brajamohana jAvaliyA kA lekha) 2. pUjya pravartaka zrI ambAlAla jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha, pR0 166
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________________ ina sabhI sAhityakAroM ne yoM to jaina dharma se sambandhita racanAoM kA hI sRjana kiyA, jinakA pradhAna rasa zAnta hai, kintu gaharAI ke sAtha adhyayana ke uparAnta yaha sAhitya janopayogI bhI siddha hotA hai / jIvana se sambandhita vividha viSaya evaM sRjana kI vividha vidhAe~ isa sAhitya meM upalabdha hotI haiM / yadyapi isa sAhitya meM kalAtmakatA kA abhAva avazya hai, kintu bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTi se samasta rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya zodha ke lie vyApaka kSetra prastuta karatA hai / isake atirikta 13-15vIM zatAbdI taka ke ajaina rAjasthAnI grantha svantra rUpa se upalabdha nahIM hai, usakI pUrti bhI rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya karatA hai| rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya kI rUpa-paramparA 517 17vIM zatAbdI rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya kA svarNakAla kahA jAnA caahie| isa samaya taka gujarAta evaM rAjasthAna kI bhASAoM meM bhI kAphI antara A cukA thA / kintu jaina sAdhuoM ke vihAra donoM prAntoM meM hone se tathA unakI paryaTana pravRtti ke kAraNa yaha antara lakSita nahIM hotA thaa| vividha kAvya rUpa aura viSaya aba taka pUrNataH vikasita ho cuke the / zrI agaracaMda nAhaTA ne ina kAvya rUpoM athavA vidhAoM kI saMkhyA nimnalikhita 117 zIrSakoM meM batAI hai -- (1) rAsa, (2) saMdhi, (3) caupAI, (4) phAgu, (5) dhamAla, (6) vivAhalo, (7) dhavala, (8) maMgala, (6) vela, (10) saloka, (11) saMvAda, (12) vAda, (13) jhagar3o, (14) mAtRkA, (15) bAvanI, (16) kachA, (17) bArahamAsA, (18) caumAsA, (19) kalaza, ( 20 ) pavAr3A, (21) carcarI (cAMcarI), (22) janmAbhiSeka, (23) tIrthamAlA, (24) paripATI, (25) saMgha varNana, (26) DhAla, (27) DAliyA (28) cauDAliyA (21) chaDAliyA, (30) prabandha, (31) caritra (32) sambandha, (33) ApAna (34) kathA (25) sataka, (26) mahottarI (37) chattIsI (38) sattarI (39) battIsI (40) ikkIso (41) ikatIso (42) caubIso (43) bIsI (44) aSTaka, (45) stuti, (46) stavana, (47) stotra, (48) gIta ( 41 ) sajjhAya, (50) caityavaMdana, (51) devavandana, (52) vanatI, (53) namaskAra, (54) prabhAtI, (55) maMgala, (56) sA~jha, (57) badhAvA, (58) gahU~lI, (51) hIyAlI, (60) gUr3hA, (61) gajala, (62) lAvaNI, (63) chaMda, (64) nIsANI, (65) navaraso, (66) pravahaNa, (67) pAraNo, (68) bAhaNa, (69) paTTAvalI, (70) gurvAvalI, (71) hamacar3I, ( 72 ) hIMca, (73) mAla-mAlikA, (74) nAmamAlA, (75) rAgamAlA, (76) kulaka, (77) pUjA, (78) gItA, ( :1) paTTAbhiSeka, ( 80 ) nirvANa, ( 81) saMyama zrIvivAha varNana, (2) bhAsa (63) pada, ( 84) maMjarI (85) rasAvalI, ( 86) rasAyana (87) rasalaharI (88) candrAvalA, (8) dIpaka, (60) pradIpikA, (61) phular3A, (12) jor3a, (3) parikrama, (14) kalpalatA, (65) lekha, (16) viraha, (17) maMdar3I, (68) sata, (EE) prakAza, (100) horI, (101) taraMga, (102) taraMgiNI, (103) cauka, (104) huMDI, (105) haraNa, (106) vilAsa, (107) garabA, (108) bolI, (106) amRtadhvani (110) hAlariyo, (111) rasoI (112) kar3A, (113) jhUlaNA, (114) jakar3I, (115) dohA (116) kuMDaliyA, (117) chappaya / 1 ina nAmoM meM vivAha, stotra, vaMdana, abhiSeka, Adi se sambandhita nAmoM kI punarAvRtti huI hai| isake atirikta vilAsa, rasAyana, viraha, garabA, zUlanA prabhUti kAvya-vidhAe~ parita, kathA-kAvya evaM Rtu-sambandhI kAvya rUpa meM hI samAhita ho jAte haiM / ataH ina sabhI kAvyoM kA moTe rUpa meM isa prakAra vargIkaraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai 1. padya - (ka) prabandha kAvya - (a) kathA carita kAvya - rasa, AkhyAna, caritra, kathA, vilAsa, caupAI, saMdhi sambandha, prakAza, rUpaka, vilAsa, gAthA ityAdi / / (A) RtukAvya phAgu, dhamAla, bArahasAsA, caumAsA, dhamAsA, viraha, horI, cauka, carcarI, jhUlanA ityAdi / (i) utsavakAvya - vivAha, maMgala, mU~dar3I, garabA, phular3A, hAlariyo, dhavala, janmAbhiSeka, badhAvA / 2. bhAratIya vidyAmandira, bIkAnera prAcIna kAryoM kI rUpa paramparA, pR0 2-3 .
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________________ 518 karmayogI zrI kesarImalajI surANA abhinandana grantha : paMcama khaNDa .... . . ............................................................... (kha) muktakakAvya-(a) dhArmika-tIrthamAlA, saMgha varNana, pUjA, vinatI, caitya paripATI, DhAla, mAtRkA, namaskAra, paribhAti, stuti, stotra, nirvANa, chaMda, gIti aadi| (A) nItiparaka-kakkA, battIsI, bAvanI, zataka, kulaka, salokA, pavAr3A, bolI, gUDhA Adi / (i) vividha muktaka racanAe~-gIta, gajala, lAvaNI, hamacar3hI, hIca, chaMda, pravahaNa, bhAsa, nIsANI, bahottarI, chattIsI, ikkIso Adi saMkhyAtmaka kAvya, zAstrIya kAvya / (2) gadya ____TabbA, bAlAvabodha, gurvAvalI, paTTAvalI, vihAra patra, samAcArI, vijJapti, sIkha, kathA, khyAta, TIkA grantha ityaadi| jaina sAhitya kI ina vidhAoM meM se katipaya kA saMkSipta paricaya isa prakAra hai| padya kAvya (1) rAsau kAvya-rAsa, rAsaka, rAso, rAisau, rAyasau rAyar3a, rAsu Adi nAmoM se rAsau nAmaparaka racanAe~ milatI haiM / vastutaH bhASA ke parivartana ke anusAra vibhinna kAloM meM ye nAma pracalita rhe| vidvAnoM ne rAso kI utpatti vibhinna rUpoM meM prastuta kI hai| AcArya zukla bIsaladeva rAsa ke AdhAra para rasAina zabda se rAso kI utpatti mAtate haiN| prathama itihAsa lekhaka gArseda tAsI ne rAjasUya zabda se rAsau kI utpatti mAnI hai| DA0 dazaratha ojhA rAsau zabda ko saMskRta ke zabda se vyutpanna na mAnakara dezI bhASA kA hI zabda mAnate haiM, jise bAda meM vidvAnoM ne saMskRta se vyutpanna mAna liyA hai| DaoN. motIlAla menAriyA rAsI kI vyAkhyA karate hue likhate haiM-"caritakAvyoM meM rAsau grantha mukhya haiM / jisa kAvya grantha meM kisI rAjA kI kIrti, vijaya, yuddha, vIratA Adi kA vistRta varNana ho, use rAso kahate haiN| niSkarSa rUpa meM rAsau rasAina zabda se vyutpanna mAnA jA sakatA hai| jaina-sAhitya ke sandarbha meM ye laukika aura zRMgArika gIta racanAe~ haiM, jinameM jainiyoM ne aneka carita kAvyoM kA nirmANa kiyaa| ye rAsau kAvya zRMgAra se Arambha hokara zAntarasa meM pariNata hote haiM / yahI jaina rAsau-kAvya kA uddezya hai| isa paramparA meM likhe hue pramukha rAsau grantha haiM-vikramakumAra rAsa (sAdhukI ti), vikramasena rAsa (udayabhAnu) beyarasvAmI rAsa (jayasAgara) zreNika rAjA no rAsa (depAla), naladavadaMtI rAsa (RSivarddhana sUri), zakuntalA rAsa (dharmasamudragaNi),10 tetalI maMtrI rAsa (sahajasundara)," vastupAla-tejapAla rAsa (pArzvacaMdra sUri),12 caMdanabAlA rAsa (vinaya samudra), jinapAlita jina 1. hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR0 32 2. hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa 3. hindI nATaka : udbhava aura vikAsa, pR0 70 (dvitIya saMskaraNa) 4. rAjasthAna kA piMgala sAhitya, pR0 24 (1952 I.) 5. jaina gurjara kavio, bhAga 1, pR0 34-35 6. vahI, pR0 113 7. vahI, pR0 27 8. vahI, pR0 37, bhAga 3, pR0 446, 466 9. jaina sAhitya no saMkSipta itihAsa, pR0 750, 768 10. jaina gurjara kavio, bhAga 1, pR0 116; bhAga 3, pR. 548 11. vahI, bhAga 1, pR0 120, bhAga 3, pR0 557 12. vahI, bhAga 1, pR0 136, bhAga 3, pR0 586 13. rAjasthAna bhAratI, bhAga 5, aMka 6, janavarI 1956
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________________ rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya kI rUpa-paramparA rakSita rAsa ( kanaka soma) 1 tejasAra rAsa, agar3adatta rAsa ( kuzalalAbha ) 2, aMjanAsundarIrAsa ( upAdhyAya guNa - vinaya ) " / (2) caupAI (caupAI, papaI) rAsI vidhA ke pazcAt jaina sAhitya meM sarvAdhika racanAe~ copAI nAma se milatI hai / yaha nAma chanda ke AdhAra para hai| caupAI samamAtrika chanda hai, jisake pratyeka caraNa meM pandraha evaM solaha mAtrAe~ hotI haiM / 17vIM zatAbdI taka rAsau aura caupAI paraspara paryAya rUpa meM prayukta hone lage kucha ullekhanIya caupAI kAvya nimnalikhita hai-- paMcadaNDa caupAI (1556 ajJAta kavi), purandara caupaI (mAladeva) * caMdana rAjA malayAgirI caupAI (hIravizAla ke ziSya dvArA racita ) caMdanabAlA carita caupAI (depAla), mRgAvatI caupAI (vinayasamudra) 5. amarasena cayarasena caupAI ( rAjanIsa) mAdhavAnala kAmakaMdalA caupAI, DholA mAkhaNI caupAI, bhImasena haMsarAja caupAI 11, (kuzalalAbha), devadatta caupAI (mAladeva) 12 ASAr3habhUti caupAI ( kanakasoma ) 3, gorAbAdala padminI caupAI (hemanta sUri ) 14, guNasundarI caupaI (guNavinaya ) / 15. 17 (3) sandhi-kAvya - apabhraMza mahAkAvyoM ke artha meM saMdhi zabda kA prayoga hotA thA / mahAkAvya ke lakSaNa ba hue hemacandra ne kahA hai ki saMskRta mahAkAvya sargoM meM, prAkRta AzvAsoM meM apabhraMza saMdhiyoM meM evaM grAma skandhoM meM nibaddha hotA hai / 16 bhASA-kAvya ( rAjasthAnI ) meM saMdhi nAma kI racanAe~ 14vIM zatAbdI se milane lagatI haiM / katipaya saMdhi kAvya isa prakAra haiM- AnaMda saMdhi (vinayacaMda), kezI gautama saMdhi * ( kalyANatilaka), naMdanamaNihAra saMdhi ( cArucaMdra ), udAharaNarSi saMdhi, rAjakumAra saMdhi ( saMyamamUrti), subAhu saMdhi ( puNyasAgara), jinapAlita jinarakSita saMdhi, harikezI saMdhi ( kanakasoma), causaraNa prakIrNaka saMdhi ( cAritrasiMha), bhAvanA saMdhi ( jayasoma) anAthI saMdhi (vimala - vinaya, kalA saMdhi (guNavinaya 4. jaina gurjara kavio, bhAga 1, pR0 66 5. hindI jaina sAhitya kA saMkSipta itihAsa, pR0 10-100 6. kalpanA - disambara 1657, pR0 81 (4) prabandha, carita, sambandha, AkhyAna, kathA, prakAza, vilAsa, gAthA ityAdi -- ye sabhI nAma prAya: eka dUsare ke paryAya haiM / jo grantha jisake sambandha meM likhA gayA hai, use usake nAma sahita uparyukta saMjJAe~ dI jAtI haiM / 7. jaina gurjara kavio, bhAga 1, pR0 37 8. rAjasthAnI bhAratI bhAga 5 aMka 1 janavarI 1956 " 1. yugapradhAna zrI jinacaMdrasUri pR0 194-95 2. manamanohanasvarUpa mAthura kuzalalAbha aura unakA sAhitya (rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya se svIkRta zodha prabandha) 3. zodha patrikA, bhAga 8, aMka 2-3, 1656 I0 6. jaina gurjara kavio, bhAga 3, pR0 536 10. saM0] mohanalAla dalIcaMda desAI Ananda kAvya mahodadhi, mI0 7 516 11. ela0 DI0 iMsTITyUTa, ahamadAbAda, hastalikhita graMtha 12. rAjasthAna meM hindI ke hastalikhita granthoM kI khoja, bhAga 2 +++ 13. yugapradhAna zrI jinacaMdra sUri pR0 164-65 14. kalpanA, varSa 1, aMka 1, 1949 I0 ( hindI aura marAThI sAhitya prakAzana - mAcave ) 15. zodhapatrikA, bhAga 8, aMka 2-3, 1656 I0 16. DaoN0 hIrAlAla mAhezvarI - rAjasthAnI bhASA aura sAhitya, pR0 237 17. jaina gurjara kavio, bhAga 1, pR0 37 10. DaoN0 hIrAlAla mAhezvarI- rAjasthAnI bhASA aura sAhitya 10 .
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________________ 520 karmayogI zrI kesarImalajI surANA abhinandana grantha : paMcama khaNDa ina nAmoM meM sambandhita kucha kAvya racanAoM ke nAma haiM- bhoja carita ( mAladeva ) ' aMbaDa carita ( vinaya sundara ) 2 navakAra pravandha (devAsa), bhojaprabandha (mAladeva), kAlikAcArya kathA, ASAr3habhUti caupAI sambandha ( kanakasoma ) 5 vidyA - vilAsa (hIrAnanda sUri ) / (5) pavAr3o aura pavAr3A - pavAr3A zabda kI vyutpatti bhI vivAdAspada hai / DaoN0 satyendra, ise paramAra zabda se vyutpanna mAnate haiN| paMbAr3I meM vIroM ke parAkrama kA prayoga hotA hai| yaha mahArASTra kA prasiddha lokachanda bhI hai / baMgAlI meM varNAtmaka kavitA athavA lambI kavitA ke kathAtmaka bhAga meM payAra kahate haiM / baMgAlI meM bhI yaha eka chanda hai / payAra kI utpatti saMskRta ke pravAda se mAnI jAtI hai / " DaoN0 maMjulAla 20 paMvAr3I vIra kA prazasti kAvya hai| racanAbandha kI dRSTi se vividha tattvoM ke AdhAra para ve pravandha, bhIma ke sadayavatsavIra prabandha tathA zAlisUri ke virATa parva ke antargata mAnate haiN| zabda kA bhI prayoga milatA hai / " majumadAra ke anusAra AsAita ke haMsAvalI pavADA ke lie pravADA isa prakAra pavADA yA pavADo kA prayoga kIrti gAthA, vIragAthA, kathAkAvya athavA carita kAvyoM ke lie prayukta kiyA jAne vAlA zabda hai jisakI vyutpatti saMskRta ke pravAda zabda se mAnI jA sakatI hai - saM0 pravAda > prA0 pavAa >pavAr3aa - pavADo / cAraNa-sAhitya meM isakA prayoga bahudhA vIra gAthAoM ke lie huA hai tathA jaina sAhitya maiM dhArmika RSi-muniyoM ke varcasva ko pratipAdita karane vAle granthoM ke lie jaina sAhitya meM isa nAma kI prathama racanA hIrAnandasUri racita vidyAvilAsa pavADA (vi0 saM0 1485) ko mAnA jAtA hai| aisI hI anya kRti hai-- kacUla pavAr3I (jJAnacandra) 13 (6) DhAla - kisI kAvya ke gAne kI tarja yA dezI ko DhAla kahate haiM / 17vIM zatAbdI se jaba rAsa, caupAI Adi lokagItoM kI deziyoM meM race jAne lage taba unako DhAlabaMdha kahA jAne lagA / prabandha kAvyoM meM DhAloM ke prayoga ke kAraNa hI isakA varNana prabandha kAvya kI vidhA meM kiyA jAtA hai, anyathA yaha pUrNataH muktaka kAvya kI vidhA hai / jaina-sAhitya meM aneka bhajanoM kA DhAloM meM praNayana huA / mohanalAla dalIcanda desAI ne lagabhaga 2500 deziyoM kI sUcI dI hai / 14 kucha pramukha DhAloM ke nAma isa prakAra haiM-DhAla velI nI, DhAla mRgAMkalekhA nI, DhAla saMdhi nI DhAla vAhalI, DhAla sAmerI, DhAla ullAlA / 15 1. jaina gurjara kavio, bhAga 1, pR0 305 2. rAjasthAna bhAratI, bhAga 5, aMka 1, janavarI, 1656 I0 2. jaina gurjara kavio, pR0 37 4. hindI jaina sAhitya kA saMkSipta itihAsa, pR0 8-100 5. yugapradhAna zrI jinacaMdra sUri, pR0 164-65 6. DaoN0 mAhezvarI rAjasthAnI bhASA aura sAhitya, pR0 248 7. marubhAratI, varSa 1, aMka 3, saM0 2010 8. kalpanA, varSa 1, aMka 1, 1949 60 (hindI aura marAThI sAhitya prabhAkara mAcave ) 2. DaoN0 hIrAlAla mAhezvarI rAjasthAnI bhASA aura sAhitya, pR0 230 10. gujarAtI sAhitya no svarUpo pR0 123, 125 " 11. muhatA negasI rI khyAta, bhAga 1, pR071 12. gurjara rAsAvalI - ema0 esa0 yUnIvarsiTI prakAzana 13. jaina gurjara kavio, bhAga 3, pR0 543-44 14. Ananda mahAkAvya mahodadhi, mau0 7 15. saM0 bha~varalAla nAhaTA aitihAsika kAvya saMgraha .
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________________ rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya kI rUpa-paramparA 521 . (7) phAgu-kAvya-Rtu-varNana meM phAgu-kAvya jaina sAhitya kI viziSTa sAhityika vidhA hai / phAlguna-caitra (basanta Rtu) mAsa meM isa kAvya ko gAne kA pracalana hai| isalie inheM phAgu yA phAgu-kAvya bhI kahA jAtA hai| garabA bhI aise utsavoM para gAye jAne vAle nRtyagIta haiN| phAgu aura garabA rAsa kAvya ke hI prabheda haiN| ina kAvyoM meM zRgAra-rasa ke donoM rUpoM-saMyoga aura viyoga kA citraNa kiyA jAtA hai| pravRttiyoM evaM kAvya zailI ke AdhAra para vidvAnoM ne phAgu kI vyutpatti bhinna-bhinna prakAra se mAnI hai| DaoN0 bI0 je0 sANDesarA phAgu ko saMskRta ke phalA zabda se vyutpanna mAnate haiM-phalA-phagu---phAgu / ' DiMgala koza meM phAlguna ke paryAyavAcI phAlaguNa aura phAgaNa batAye haiM / ina vyutpattiyoM se yaha bhI spaSTa hotA hai ki phAgu kA udbhava geya-rUpakoM kAvyoM meM vasantotsava manAne se se huA hai| inameM mukhya rUpa se saMyamazrI ke sAtha jaina muniyoM ke vivAha, zRMgAra, viraha aura milana vaNita hote haiN| jaina muni cUMki sAMsArika bandhana tor3a cuke haiM, ataH unake laukika vivAha kA varNana inameM nahIM milatA / inhIM viSayoM ko lekara jaina muniyoM ne 14vIM zatAbdI se 17vIM zatAbdI aneka RSiyoM se sambandhita phAgu kAvyoM kA nirmANa kiyaa| isa zRMkhalA kI prAcInatama racanA jinacanda sUri phAgu (vi0 saM0 1346-1373) kahI gayI hai| anya mahattvapUrNa racanAe~ isa prakAra haiM-sthUlabhadra phAga (devAla), nemiphAga (kanakasoma),5 neminAtha phAga jambUsvAmI phAga Adi / (8) dhamAla-phAgu-kAvyoM ke pazcAt dhamAla-kAvya-rUpa kA vikAsa huaa| yoM phAgu aura dhamAla kI viSayavastu samAna hI hai| holI ke avasara para Aja bhI braja aura rAjasthAna meM dhamAleM gAne kA rivAja hai| yaha eka loka-paramparA kA zAstrIya rAga hai| jaina kaviyoM ne isa paramparA meM aneka racanAe~ kI haiN| yathA-ASAr3habhUti dhamAla, Ardra kumAra, dhamAla (kanakasoma) neminAtha dhamAla (mAladeva) ityAdi / (e) carcarI (cAMcarI)-dhamAla ke samAna hI carcarI bhI lokazailI para viracita racanA hai| brajapradeza meM caMga (Dhappa) kI tAla ke sAtha gAye jAne vAle phAguna aura holI ke gItoM ko caMcarI kahate haiN| ataH ve saMgItabaddha rAga-rAginiyoM meM baddha racanAe~ jo nRtya ke sAtha gAyI jAtI haiM, carcarI kahalAtI hai / prAkR-paigalam meM carcarI ko chanda kahA gayA hai| jaina-sAhitya meM carcarIsaMjJaka racanAoM kA Arambha 14vIM zatAbdI se huaa|11 jinadattasUri evaM jinavallabhasUri kI caciyA~ vizeSa prasiddha haiM, jo gAyakavAr3a oriyaMTala sIrIja meM prakAzita haiN| (10) bArahamAsA-bArahamAsA, chamAsA, caumAsA-saMjJaka kAvyoM meM kavi varSa ke pratyeka mAsa, RtuoM athavA kathita mAsoM kI paristhitiyoM kA citraNa karatA hai| isakA pramukha rasa vipralambha zrRMgAra hotA hai| nAyikA ke viraha 1. prAcIna phAgu-saMgraha, pR0 53 2. paramparA 3. sammelana patrikA (nAhaTAjI kA nibandha 'rAjasthAnI phAgu kAvya kI paramparA aura viziSTatA') 4. jaina gurjara kavio, bhAga 1, pR0 37, pR0 446, 466 5. jaina sAhitya no saMkSipta itihAsa, cai0 866 6. sammelana patrikA 7. sI0 DI0 dalAla-prAcIna gurjara kavi-saMgraha, pR0 41, pada 27 8. yugapradhAna jinacaMdra sUri, 10 194-65 6. rAjasthAna meM hindI ke hastalikhita granthoM kI khoja, bhAga 2 10. hindI chanda prakAza, pR0 131 11. jaina satya prakAza, varSa 12, aMka 6 (hIrAlAla kAvaDiyA kA 'carcarI' nAmaka lekha)
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________________ Loooo 522 B+B+C karmayogI zrI kesarImalajI surANA abhinandana grantha : paMcama khaNDa ko uddIpta karane ke lie prakRti-citraNa bhI ina racanAoM meM saghana rUpa meM milatA hai / mAsoM para AdhArita jaina sAhitya kI yaha vidhA loka sAhitya se grahIta hai| bArahamAsA kA varNana prAyaH ASAr3ha mAsa se Arambha kiyA jAtA hai| jaina 'kaviyoM ne bArahamAsA, chamAtA athavA caumAsA kAvya-paramparA ke antargata aneka kRtiyA~ likhI haiM, yathA-- neminAtha bAramAsA catuSpadikA (vinayacandrasUri ),' neminAtha rAjimati bAramAsa ( cAritrakalaza) / 2 jaina - rAsa, caupAI, phAgu-saMjJaka racanAoM meM ina kaviyoM ne yathA-prasaMga bArahamAsA Adi ke mArmika citra prastuta kiye haiM / kuzalalAbha kI mAdhavAnala kAmakaMdalA, agar3adatta rAsa, DholA mAkhaNI caupaI, sthUlibhadra chattIsI, bhImasena haMsarAja caupaI Adi racanAoM se inake zreSTha udAharaNa prastuta kiye jA sakate haiM / (11) vivAhalo, vivAha, dhavala, maMgala - jisa racanA meM vivAha kA varNana ho, use vivAhalA aura isa avasara para gAye jAne vAle gItoM ko yA maMgala kahA jAtA hai| vivAha saMjJaka racanAoM meM jinezvara mUrikRta saMyamadhI vivAha varNana rAsa evaM vinodaya sUri vivAhalA aba taka prApta racanAoM meM prAcInatama hai tathA dhavala-saMjJaka racanAoM meM jinapati sUri kA dhavalagIta prAcInatama mAnA gayA hai| ina nAmoM se sambandhita anya racanAe~ haiM- neminAtha vivAhalo ( jayasAgara ), Ardra kumAra dhavala (depAla), mahAvIra vivAhalau (kIrtiratna sUri ), zAntivivAhalau (lakSmaNa), jambU aMtaraMga rAsa vivAhalau ( sahajasundara ), pArzvanAtha vivAhalau (petho), zAntinAtha vivAhalo dhavala prabandha ( ANanda pramoda), -supArzvajina-vivAhalo (brahmavinayadeva)* (12) dekhi racanA prakAra kI dRSTi se veli hindI ke latA, batI Adi kAvya rUpoM kI taraha hai| isameM bhI vivAha prasaMga kA hI citraNa kiyA jAtA hai / cAraNa kaviyoM dvArA racita kRtiyoM meM vi0 saM0 1528 ke AsapAsa racita bAchA kRta cihu~gati veli sabase prAcIna kahI jAtI hai 15 anya mahatvapUrNa jaina-veliyA~ haiM-- jambUveli (sIhA ), garabhaveli (lAvaNyasamaya), garabhaveli (sahajasundara) nemi rAjula bArahamAsA veli (vi0 saM0 1615) sthUlabhadra mohana veli ( jayavaMta sUri ) jahata pada veli ( kanakasoma ) ityAdi / 7 (13) muktaka kAvya - rAjasthAnI jaina muktaka kAvya kA adhyayana dhArmika nItiparaka evaM itara dhArmika zIrSakoM meM kiyA jA sakatA hai| dhArmika sAhitya ke antargata jaina kaviyoM ne gIta, kavitta, tIrthamAsA, saMghavarNana, pUjA, vinatI, caitya paripATI, mAtRkA, namaskAra, parabhAti stuti stotra, muMdar3I, sarAya, stavana, nirvANa, pUjA, chaMda, pauvIsI, chattIsI zataka, hajArA Adi nAmoM se kI hai ina racanAoM meM tIrthaMkaroM, jaina mahApuruSoM, sAdhuoM, satiyoM, tIyoM Adi ke guNoM kA varNana kiyA jAtA hai| durguNoM ke tyAga aura sadguNoM ke grahaNa karane ke gIta tathA AdhyAtmika gIta bhI dhArmika mukta-kAvya kI viSayavastu hai kucha ullekhanIya racanAe~ hai-paubIsa jinastavana, ajitanAtha stavana vinatI, aSTApada tIrtha bAvanI, caturaviMzatI jinastavana, ajitanAtha vinatI, paMcatIrthakara namaskArastotra, mahAvIra vInatI, nagara 1 1. prAcIna gurjara kAvya-saMgraha 2. gujarAtI sAhitya nA svarUpa, pR0 276 3. saM0 bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA, aitihAsika jaina kAvya saMgraha 4. DA0 mAhezvarI rAjasthAnI bhASA aura sAhitya, pR0 244 5 aitihAsika jaina kAvya saMgraha, pR0 400 3. jaina sAhitya no saMkSipta itihAsa, pR0 867 7 jaina satyaprakAza, aMka 10-11 varSa 11, kramAMka 130-31 DA0 mAhezvarI - rAjasthAnI bhASA aura sAhitya, pR0 243 8. 9. jaina dharma prakAza, varSa 65, aMka 2 ( hIrAlAla kAvaDiyA kA lekha ) .
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________________ rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya kI rUpa-paramparA 523 . .................................................................. ...... koTa-sAhitya paripATI, caitya paripATI, zAntinAtha vInatI (jayasAgara) 'snAtra pUjA, thAvacyAkumAra dAsa (depAla), nemigIta (matizekhara) guNaratnAkara-chaMda, IlAtIputra-sajjhAya, AdinAtha zatrujaya stavana (sahajasundara) sAdhuvaMdanA; upadeza rahasya gIta; vItarAgastavana DhAla; AgamachatrIzI; eSaNAzataka; zatrujaya stotra (pArzva sUri) staMbhana pArzvanAthastavana; gor3I-pArzvanAtha chaMda; pUjyavAhaNa gIta; navakArachaMda (kuzalalAbha) mahAvIra paMcakalyANa stavana; manabhamarAgIta (mAladeva); solahasvAna sajjhAya (hIrakalaza) ityAdi / nItiparaka racanAe~ yadi jaina sAhitya ko upadeza, jJAna aura nIti paraka bhI kahe to atizayokti nahIM hogii| kAraNa, jaina kaviyoM kA mukhya uddezya dhArmika pracAra karanA thaa| apane uddezya kI pUrti ke lie unhoMne saMvAda, kakkA, battIsI, mAtRkA, bAvanI, kulaka, hiyAlI, hariyAlI, gUDhA, pAraNo, saloka, kar3I, kar3A ityAdi sAhityika vidhAoM ko grahaNa kiyaa| inameM se ullekhanIya vidhAoM kA paricaya isa prakAra hai (14) saMvAda-inameM donoM pakSa eka-dUsare ko heya batAte hue apane pakSa ko sarvopari rakhate haiN| donoM hI pakSoM. kI mUlabhAvanA samyakjJAna karavAnA hai / kucha saMvAda jainetara viSayoM para bhI hai| saMvAda saMjJaka racanAe~ 14vIM zatAbdI se milane lagatI haiN| kucha ullekhanIya saMvAda nimnalikhita haiM--A~kha-kAna saMvAda; yauvana-jarA saMvAda (sahajasundara); kara-saMvAda, rAvaNa-maMdodarI saMvAda, gorI-sA~valI saMvAda gIta (lAvaNyasamaya); jIbha-saMvAda, motI-kapAsiyA saMvAda (hIrakalaza); sukhar3a paMcaka saMvAda (narapati) ityAdi / (15) kakkA-mAtRkA-bAvanI-bArahakhar3I-ye sabhI nAma paraspara paryAya haiN| inameM varNamAlA ke bAvana akSara mAnakara pratyeka varga ke prathama akSara se Arambha kara prAsaMgika pada race jAte haiN| bAvanI nAma isa sandarbha meM 16vIM zatAbdI se prayoga meM aayaa| aisI prakAzita kucha racanAe~ haiM-chIhala bAvanI19, DUMgara bAvanI(padmanAbha)", zIla bAvanI (mAladeva)12, jagadambA bAvanI (hemrtnsuuri)| (16) kulaka yA khulaka-jisa racanA meM kisI zAstrIya viSaya kI Avazyaka bAteM saMkSepa meM saMkalita kI gaI hoM athavA kisI vyakti kA saMkSipta paricaya diyA gayA ho-aisI racanAe~ kulaka kahI jAtI haiN|4 16vIM-17vIM 1. zodhapatrikA, bhAga 6, aMka 1, disa0 1657 I0 2. jaina gurjara kavio, bhAga 1, bhAga 3, pR. 446 3. jaina sAhitya no saMkSipta itihAsa, pai0 768 4. jaina gurjara kavio, bhAga 1, pR0 120, bhAga 3, pR0557; (1962) 5. vahI, pR0 136, bhAga 3, pR0 586 / / 6. manohanasvarUpa mAthura-kuzalalAbha aura unakA sAhitya (rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya dvArA svIkRta zodha prabandha) 7. hindI jaina sAhitya kA saMkSipta itihAsa, pR0 15-100 8. zodha patrikA, bhAga 7, aMka 4 hai. DaoN. mAhezvarI-rAjasthAnI bhASA aura sAhitya, pR0 245 10. anUpa saMskRta lAyabrerI, bIkAnera, hastalikhita prati saM0 28222 (a) 11. zrI abhaya jaina granthamAlA, bIkAnera hastalikhita prati 12. rAjasthAna meM hindI ke hastalikhita granthoM kI khoja, bhAga 2 13. DaoN0 mAhezvarI-rAjasthAnI bhASA aura sAhitya, pR0 266 14. nAgarI pracAriNI patrikA, varSa 58, aMka 4, saM0 2010
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________________ .524 karmayogI zrI kesarImalajI surANA abhinandana grantha : paMcama khaNDa -.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-............................................ zatAbdI ke katipaya kulaka isa prakAra haiM---brahmacarya dazasamAdhisthAna kulaka, vaMdana doSa 32 kulaka, gItArtha padAvabodha kulaka (pArzvacadra sUri)', dinamAna kulaka (hiirklsh)| - (17) hIyAlI-kUTa yA pahelI ko hIyAlI kahate haiN| hIyAliyoM kA pracAra solahavIM zatAbdI se huaa| isa kAvya-zailI kI pramukha kRtiyA~ haiM -hariyAlI (depAla), gurucelA-saMvAda (piMgala ziromaNi kuzalalAbha kRta ke aMza), aSTalakSmI (samayasundara) ityAdi / (18) vividha muktaka racanAeM-jaina kadiyoM ne jaina dharma se haTakara anya viSayoM para bhI gIta, chaMda, chappaya, gajaleM, pada, lAvaniyA~, bhAsa, zataka, chattIsI Adi nAmoM se bhI racanAe~ kI haiN| inake viSaya itihAsa, utsava, vinoda Adi haiN| inake atirikta jaina muniyoM ne zAstrIya viSayoM ko bhI apane sAhitya kA AdhAra bnaayaa| isa dRSTi se vyAkaraNa, kAvyazAstra, Ayurveda, gaNita, jyotiSa prabhRti aneka zAstrIya grantha evaM una para TIkAe~ upalabdha haiN| saMkhyAdhArI racanAoM meM chandoM kI pramukhatA hotI haiN| kahIM-kahIM unameM nihita kathAoM athavA upadezoM ko bhI ye saMkhyA dyotita karate haiN| jaisA-vaitAla paccIsI (jJAcandra) siMhAsana battIsI (malayacaMdra), vilhaNa paMcAzikA (jJAnAcArya) saMkhyA nAmadhArI kAvya-racanAoM meM inhoMne adhikAMzata: dhArmika stutiyAM hI likhI haiN| mahattvapUrNa zAstrIya grantha nimnalikhita haiM (ka) vyAkaraNa zAstra-bAla-zikSA, ukti ratnAkara, uktisamuccaya, hemavyAkaraNa', uDiMgala-nAmamAlA / 10 (kha) kAvyazAstrIya grantha-piMgalaziromaNi, dUhAcaMdrikA, vRttaratnAkara, vidagdha mukhamaMDanabAlAvabodha ityaadi| (ga) gaNitazAstra-lIlAvatI-bhASA caupAI, gaNitasAra-caupAI, gaNita sAThiso ityAdi / (gha) jyotiSa zAstra-paMcAMga-nayana caupAI, zakunadIpikA caupAI, aMgaphurakana caupAI, varSaphalAphala sajjhAya aadi|11 gadya-sAhitya (16) jainiyoM ne padya ke sAtha-sAtha rAjasthAnI ko zreSTha koTi kI gadya racanAe~ bhI dI haiM hindI grantha ke vikAsakrama kI bhI yahI paramparA prathama sopAna hai / jainiyoM dvArA likhita gadya ke do rUpa milate haiM-gadya-padya mizrita tathA zuddha gadya / gadya-padyamizrita gadya saMskRta-campU sAhitya ke samAna hI vacanikA sAhitya ke nAma se abhihita hai| cAraNa gadya sAhitya meM aneka bacanikAeM likhI gaI haiN| jaina zailI meM isa paramparA kI upalabdha racanAe~ haiM-jinasamudrasUri rI vacanikA, jayacandasUrikRta mAtA jI rI vacanikA (18vIM zatI vi0)| 1. jaina gurjara kavio, bhAga 1, pR0 136, bhAga 3, pR0 586 2. zodha patrikA, bhAga 7, aMka 4, saM0 2013 (rAjasthAna ke eka bar3e kavi hIrakalaza) 3. jaina gurjara kavio, bhAga 1, 3 4. paramparA, bhAga 13; rAjasthAna bhAratI, bhAga 2, aMka 1, 1948 I0 5. Ananda kAvya mahodadhi, mauktika 7 6. jaina gurjara kavio, bhAga 1, pR0 545 7. vahI, pR0 474 8. vahI, pR0 636 1. pUjyapravartaka zrI ambAlAlAjI mahArAja abhinaMdana grantha ('rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya' nAmaka lekha), pR. 460 10. paramparA, bhAga 13 11. pUjyapravartaka zrI ambAlAlajI mahArAja abhinandana grantha, pR0 464
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________________ rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya kI rUpa-paramparA 525 ... .................................................................. . (20) TokA-TabbA-bAlAvabodha-kAvya, Ayurveda, vyAkaraNa prabhRti mUla racanAoM ke spaSTIkaraNa ke lie patroM ke kinAroM para jo saMkSipta gadya-TippaNiyA~ hA~ziye para likhI jAtI haiM, unheM TabbA tathA vistRta spaSTIkaraNa ko bAlAvabodha kahA jAtA hai| vistAra ke kAraNa bAlAvabodha subodha hotA hai| isameM vividha dRSTAntoM kA bhI prayoga kiyA jAtA hai / mUla-pATha pRSTha ke bIca meM aMkita hotA hai| isa zailI meM likhita sAhitya hI TIkA kahalAtA hai| rAjasthAnI jaina-TIkA sAhitya samRddha hai| ullekhanIya TIkAe~ nimnalikhita haiM dhUrtAkhyAnakathAsAra, mAdhavanidAna TabbA, vaidya jIvana TabbA, zatazlokI TabbA, pathyApathya TabbA, vivAhapaDala bAlAvabodha, bhuvanadIpaka bAlAvabodha, muhUrtaciMtAmaNi bAlAvabodha, bhartRhari bhASA TIkA ityAdi / ' 21. paTTavalI-gurvAvalI-- inameM jaina lekhakoM ne apanI paTTAvalI paramparA aura guruparamparA kA aitihAsika dRSTi se varNana kiyA hai / ye gadya-padya donoM rUpoM meM likhI gaI haiN| tapAgaccha aura kharataragaccha Adi kI paTTAvaliyA~ to prasiddha haiM hI, para prAyaH pratyeka gaccha aura zAkhA kI apanI paTTAvaliyA~ likhI gaI haiN| (22) vijJapti patra, vihAra patra, niyama patra, samAcArI-ina patroM ke antargata jainAcAryoM ke bhramaNa, unake niyama evaM zrAvakoM ko cAturmAsa, nivAsa ityAdi kI sUcanAoM kA varNana kiyA jAtA hai / vijJapti patroM meM mArga meM Ane vAle nagaroM, grAmoM kA bar3A hI manohArI varNana kiyA jAtA hai| patra lekhana zailI kI dRSTi se bhI inakA mahattva hai| (23) sIkha-sIkha kA artha hai zikSA / jaina lekhakoM ne dhArmika zikSA ke pracAra kI dRSTi se jina gadya-racanAoM kA nirmANa kiyA, ve sIkha-grantha haiN| isa prakAra rAjasthAnI kA jaina-sAhitya vividha vidhAoM meM likhA huA hai| kathAkAvyoM, caritakAvyoM ke rUpa meM ina kaviyoM aura lekhakoM ne jahA~ dhArmika stutiparaka racanAoM kA nirmANa kiyA vahIM gadya rUpa meM vaijJAnika evaM aitihAsika granthoM kA bhI praNayana kiyaa| isa sAhitya meM cAhe sAhityikatA kA abhAva rahA ho para bhASA ke adhyayana evaM sAhityika rUpoM ke vikAsa kI dRSTi se vaha mahattvapUrNa hai| jaina sAhitya kI AtmA dhArmika hone se usakA aMgI rasa zAnta hai| yoM kathA-carita kAvyoM kA Arambha zRMgAra rasa se hI huA hai| vikrama sambandhI racanAoM evaM gorA-bAdala sambandhI jaina racanAoM meM vIra rasa kI bhI pradhAnatA hai| pratyeka kRti kA Arambha maMgalAcaraNa, guru, siddha, RSi kI vaMdanA se huA hai tathA anta nAyaka ke saMnyAsa evaM usakI sucAru gRhasthI ke citraNa dvArA / carita-kAvyoM evaM muktaka racanAoM ke andara laukika dRSTAntoM kA sparza hai| rAjasthAnI jaina gadya kA hindI ke vikAsa meM mahattvapUrNa yogadAna rahA hai, kintu aise mahattvapUrNa sAhitya kA saMkalana abhI taka apUrNa hai| 1. pUjya pravartaka zrI ambAlAlajI mahArAja abhinandana grantha, pR0 464