Rai Paseniya Suttam Part 02

Author(s): N V Vaidya
Publisher: Khadayata Book Depo
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/023122/1

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RAYAPASENAIJJAM. The second Upanga of the Jain Canon. Text, edited with Commentary, Introduction, Notes, & Translation. (Prt II ) BY N. V. Vaidya, M. A. Professor of Sanskrit & Ardha-Magadhi, Fergusson College,-POONA 4. PUBLIURED BY KHADAYATA BOOK DEPOT GANDHI ROAD :: AHMEDABAD.

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I undertook the present edition of Rayapasenaijjam (Rajaprasniyam) part I, at the suggestion of my publisher; Mr. R. P. Kothari. There was no edition available in the market, the Agamodaya Samiti edition being out of print. For the Second part there is already an excellent edition by Dr. P. L. Vaidya. I have mainly followed the text as given in the Agamodaya Samiti edition, correcting the obvious misprints and removing '' & other such bad writings. I have given the Commentary in full (even for the Second part), as the text is very terse, and I thought the commentary would be of great use to the students. the translation is, as far as possible, literal and the notes leave nothing unexplained. The introduction deals only with points relevant to the first part. I hope the edition will be of use for the Intermediate students, for whom it is meant. N. B. Mr. Tripathi's book is independent of mine, and I am in no way conncted with it. Fergusson College, POONA 4. 12-6-38 N. V. Vaidya.

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INTRODUCTION The sacred Literature of the Svetambara Jains-the Sidhanta or Agama as they call it-consists of the follows ing 45 works. ___I. Eleven Angas: (I) AyAraMga (AcArAGga); (2) sUyagaDaMga (sUtrakRtAGga); (3) ThANaMga(sthAnAGga); (4) samavAyaMga (samavAyAGga); (5) vivAhapaNNattI (vyAkhyAprajJapti) -generally referred to as bhagavatIsUtra; (6) nAyAdhammakahAo(jJAtAdharmakathA or jJAtRdharmakathA); (7) uvAsagadasAo-(upAsakadazAH); (8) antagaDadasAo-(antakRtadazA:); (9) aNuttarovavAiyadasAo-(anuttaraupapAtikadazAH; (10) paNhAvAgaraNAI-praznavyAkaraNAni; (II) vivAgasuyaMvipAkazrutam. II. Twelve Upangas : (1) ovavAiya-(aupapAtikasUtra); (2) rAyapaseNaijja or rAyaMpaseNiya (rAjapraznIya- Wrong but traditional rendering of the title)'; (3) jIvAbhigama, (4) pANavaNA (prajJApanA); (5) sUra or sUriyapaNNattI-sUryaprajJapti; (6) jambuddIvapaNNattI-cambUdvIpaprajJapti; (7) candapaNNattI-candraprajJapti; (8) nirayAvalI; (9) kappavaDaMsiyA or kappAvaDaMsiyAo-( kalpAvataMsikA:); (10) puphiyAo-(puSpikA:); (II) pupphacUliyAo-(puSpacUlikA:); (12) vaNhidasAo (vRNNidazA:) ____N. B.-It should be noted, however that the last five upAGga (8-12) comprise only ono book viz. 'nirayAvaliyAo.' The remaining four, being very small in extent, are regarded as four sections of nirayAvalI. III. Ten Prakirnas : (1) causaraNa-(catuHzaraNa); (2) AurapaccakkhANa-(AturapratyAkhyAna); (3) bhattapariNA-bhaktaparijJA; (4) saMthAra-(saMstAra); + Dr. Hoernle, in the introduction to his Uvasaga Dasao refers to this Anga as Dharmadnyatakatha; certainly a better arrangement of words in the compound.

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(5) taNDulaveyAlitha - ( taNDulavaitAlika ? ); (6) candAvijjhaya - (or candAvijja or candAvejjA ? ); (7) deviMdatthava - ( devendrastava ); (4) gaNivijjA ( gaNividyA); ( 9 ) mahApaccakkhANa - ( mahApratyAkhyAna ); (10) vIratthava - (vIrastava ). IV. Slx Chheda Sutras : (1) nisIha - (nizItha ); vavahAra - ( vyavahAra ); (4) dasAsuyakkhandha-- ( dazAzrutaskandha ); paMccakappa - ( paJcakalpa ). V. Four Mula Sutras : 4 (2) mahAnisIha - mahAnizItha; (3) AyAradasAo - ( AcAradazA : ); or vihakkappa -- ( bRhatkalpa ); (5) (6) ( 1 ) uttarajjhayaNa - ( uttarAdhyayana); (2) Avassaya - ( Avazyaka ); (3) dasaveyAliya- ( dazavekAlika ); (4) piNDanijjutti - (piNDaniryukti ). VI. An unnamed group of two works : T (1) aGgapraviSTa (12) (1) nanditta - ( nandI sUtra ); (2) aNuogadAra ( anuyogadvAra ). The above list is given by J. Charpentier in his edition of the uttarAdhyayanasUtra. Dr. Buhler gives 5-7 of the upAGgas in the order 6, 7, 5. There are also other lists : e. g. The one given by Rajendralal Mitra (Notices of Sk. Mss. III. 67 ) enumerates 50 works instead of 45. In the canon itself, in the nandIsUtra composed by devarddhigaNin, we get the following classification: zruta - jJAna I / (II) Avazyaka (6) apraviSTa (or aGgabAhya ). (III) kAlika (31) Avazyakavyatirikta (IV) vaikAlika (29)

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5 In all, according to this divison, there are 78 works. But all the 78 works are not available; e. g. the twelfth Anga, afgang is long extinct. It should also be noted, that even the 45 works that constitute the canonical literature are regarded so by the Svetambaras only. In this connection, the following tradition should be noted. << In the Second century after Mahavira's death, a very severe famine, lasting for twelve years, devastated the country of Magadha. At that time Chandragupta, the Maurya, was king of Magadha and Sthayira Bhadrababu was the pontiff or head of the undivided Jain community. As a result of the famine Bhadrababu, accompanied by a portion of the Jain community, emigrated into the Karnata, in the South of India. Sthavira Sthulabhadra was at the head of the community that remained behind. Towards the end of the famine (C. 300, B. C.), during the absence of Bhadrababu, a council assembled at Pataliputra (Modern Patna). This council collected the Jain Canon, consisting of the eleyen Angas and the fourteen Puyvas (Puryas-Ancient texts). The Puryas were included in the Twelfth Anga, Ditthiyaa (Ef2a1e). The famine also necessitated a change in the life, manners and customs of the community that had stayed in Magadha. The original practice of going nude was supplanted by the use of white garments (alfa). On the other hand, the emigrants, who were more zealous than their stay-at-home brethren, insisted on nudity. When therefore, on the restitution of peace and plenty the exiles returned to their country, this divergence in conduct became the main cause of disruption in the community. And thus the founda

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tion was laid of the great division between the two sects of the Digambaras (The sky-clad ones i.e. naked), and the Svetambaras or ("White-robed'ones). As a consequence of the difference the Digambaras refused to acknowledge the canon established by the Council of Pataliputra; they declared that the Puryas and the Angas were irrevocably lost, The difference, however, did not result in a definite schism (Fraga ) at once. The actual separation took place in the year 79 or 82 A. D. In the course of time the Canon, or Siddhanta, fixed in the Council of Palaliputra fell more or less into disorder until it was in danger of becoming totally extinct, owing to the scarcity of manuscripts. It was found necessary, therefore, to reduce it to order and to fix it in an authorised edition of manuscript books. This was done at a Council held in Vallabhi (in Gujarat) under the presidency of Devardhi Gani Kshamashramana. This Council was convened 930 (or 993) years after the faaior of Aaratt, i. e. probably in 454 (or 467) of the Christian era. Our present classification is based on the decisions of this Council." The first part of the text is mainly taken up by the pilgrimage of the God Suryabha to Mahavira. The whole narration is tedious and dull, full of detailed descriptions of various buildings, the celestial aerial car, and various other things. It also gives us the topography of the Suryabha Vimana, Jambudvipa, and various other places. The thirty two types of dances are also described at length, though it is very difficult to have an exact idea of them.

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7 The style of almost all the Jain Canonical works is, as Winternit puts it, 'dry as dust, dull, and uninteresting'. The first part of the Rajaprasniya at least certainly conforms to this description. There is very little in it of interest to a general reader; & even for a specialist, there is not, much to engage his special attention or study. The second part, on the other hand, is full of interest. It contains a philosophical discussion on the existence or otherwise of the soul apart from the body, between king Paesi and the monk Kesikumara Sramana. The monk at last proves, with many illuminating and interesting examples and allegories, that the soul has a separate and independent existence apart from the body.

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[ 49 TRANSLATION with the lotuses being sucked by the bees, and filled with pure crystal-like (or bright) water; some of them possessed water having the taste of spirituous liquor; others contained water of (khora ?), others like ghee, milk, and salt; while others had water having the taste of sugar-cane juice (V. L. Ksoda ), and all were beautiful..etc. These wells,...upto... rows of small wells, had four flights of stairs in the four directions. The description of those stairs...the flags on the arches, and umbrellas upon umbrellas.. should he understood (as before). In between those wells etc...there were, in many places, various mountains like the Utpata mountains, Niyati mountains, Jagati mountains, (artificial) mountains made of wood; there were also crystal bowers, water-bowers [ Page 159 ) and Daga-manchakes; there were also swings for men as well as birds, some of them high and others low, all made of precious stones, bright...upto... beautiful. On those various mauntains...upto...the swing, there were many swan-seats, crane-seats, and eagleseats, some of which were raised up, others low, some were long, some had birds carved underneath; there were some Bhadrasanas, bull-seats, lion-seats, lotus--seats, and seats having Dikswastika marks under them,-all made of jewels, bright...upto.. beautiful. In those forestgrove places, there were bowers (or houses covered with) Ali or Mali creepers or plantain trees, or with creepers; there were rest-houses, theatres, toilet-rooms, houses with inner apartments, houses for Love's sport, houses [ Salagrhas ], houses with lattice-work, houses with art-galleries, houses decked with flowers, or with scents, and mirror-houses, all made of precious stones etc.. upto.. beautiful. In these various houses also, there were

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50] RAJAPRASNIYA SUTRA numerous seats like the swan seats,..upto..the seats with the Dikswastika markes underneath, all made of jewels etc..upto.. beautiful. In these forest-groves, there were in various places, numerous bowers of Jati creepers, of Yuthika creepers, of Navamalika creepers, of Vasanti creepers, of Suramallika creepers, of Dadhivasuka creepers, of Tambula creepers, of Mrdwika creepers, of Nagalata creepers, and of Atimuktaka creepers, of Apphoyaga creepers, and of Maluka creepers...all..upto.. beautiful. In those various bowers, there were placed numerous slabs of stone, some of the shape of Swanseats,..upto...of the shape of seats with Dikswastika signs below; there were also placed many other slabs of stones, of various shapes, soft, rubbed and polished, O Long-lived Monk! and they had as soft a touch as that of deerskin, cotton, or Bura plant, or butter, very fine cotton; they were all made of jewels, bright ...upto...beautiful. [Page 160] And there, numerous Vaima-' nika gods and goddesses go and sit, lie down, roll at pleasure, laugh, make themselves merry, indulge in games and sports, talk (with one another), enjoy love's sport, and thus enjoy the auspicious fruit of their good actions done well in the past. or [Page 170] (Sutra 33) In the midst of each of those forest-groves, there were some special palaces. Those palaces were five-hundred yojanas_in height, two hundred and fifty yojanas in breadth, were lofty, high and gay: their floors were very level and beautiful... their ceiling.....throne.....with all the other things (the description as before). There, (in those palaces), dwelt four gods; of great prosperity etc...upto..of one Palyopama duration; e.g. Asoka, Saptaparna, Champaka, and

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TRANSLATION [51 Chuta. The interior of the celestial Vimana Surjabha, is said to be very level (or smooth) and charming, e.g. deleting the description of the forest-grove...( the rest to be supplied upto )... numerous Vaimanika gods and goddesses come and sit there and enjoy. Right in the very centre of that very smooth and level piece of ground, there is a pavilion, one hundred thousand yojanas in in length and breadth, 3006227 yojanas, six miles, twenty-eight hundred (or one hundred and twenty-eight) Dhanus, and slightly less then thirteen and a half Angulas in circumference. A yojana in thickness (?), all made of Jambunada gold, bright...upto... beautiful. [ Page 171 ) ( Sutra 34 ) That (pavilion ) is surrounded on all sides by an altar of beautiful lotuses, and by a forest-grove. [ Page 172 ] The beautiful lotus-altar is half a yojana in height, five hundred Dhanus in breadth, and like (i. e. of the same measure as ) the pavilion in circumference. The beautiful lotus-altar could be described as follows: e.g. the foundation was made of diamonds; the supports were of Ristha gems, the pillars of lapis-lazuli, the planks of gold and silver, the nails of rubies, the human figures, carved there, were of various gems; the pairs of human figures also were of various different gems; the images and their pairs were of various gems; the side-wings were of anka gems. The bamboos (or beams) and the cross-beams were of Jyotirasa, the small slabs (or pieces of planks ) were of silver, the bolts were of gold, the upper support ( of the bolt), and the covering (or plastering) was of silver. That beautiful lotus-altar was surrounded on all sides by a lattice-work of gold, by a network of windows, by a network of small bells and big bells, by a net work

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52] RAJAPRASNIYA SUTRA of pearls, and gems, and gold, and jewels, and loutses... and those garlands had golden pendants...etc. In various parts of that beautiful lotus-altar, there were numerous pairs of the figures of horses,...upto.. pairs of bulls (or bears ),... all made of gems, bright..upto... beautiful...upto rows, lines, pairs, and creepers. "O Revered Sir! why is the Padmavaravedika called by that particular name"? "O Gautama ! there, on that beautiful lotus-altar, on the various altars, or on their wings, or on their plants, or in between the two altars, or on the pillars or their sides, or on their tops, or in between the rows of pillars on the screws; on the sides or their wings, on the edges of the wings, etc... there are numerous lotuses like the Utpalas, Padmas, Kumudas, Nalinas, Subhagas, Saugandhikas, Pundarikas, Mahapundarikas, Satapatras, and Sahasrapatras, all made of gems, bright, and beautiful, and of the size of umbrellas used in the rainy season, O Long-lived Monk ! And it is for this reason, O Gautama ! that the place is called Padmavarayedika. "Sir, is that Padmavarayedika eternal ?" "O Gautama ! may be it is eternal as well as non-eternal." "O Revered Sir! why do you say that it may be eternal as well as non-eternal"? "O Gautama! considered from the point of view of the substance, it is eternal; but considered from the point of the various modifications, as colour, smell, taste and touch, it is non-eternal. And it is for that reason, O Gautama! that it is said to be both eternal as well as non-eternal." "O Revered Sir ! what is the duration of this beautiful Lotusaltar"? "O Gautama ! It was never non-existent (in the, past); it is never non-existent (now); and it shall never he non-existent (in the future ); it did exist (in

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( 53 TRANSLATION the past); it is existing (now ), and it will continue to exist (in the future ); it is permanent, eternal, indestructible, without any damage, without any change, firm and perenial. (The beautiful Lotus-altar was surrounded by a forest-grove ). The forest-grove was slightly less than two yojanas in diameter, and had the same circumference as that of the pavilion;...the description of the forest-grove (above) should be inserted...upto (they ) enjoy. In the four directions of that pavilion, there are four beautiful flights of stairs, their description,...arches, flags, and umbrellas upon umbrellas; above that pavilion there is a very smooth and charming piece of land... ..upto.. the touch of gems. [Page 179] ( Sutra 35) Just in the centre of that very level and beautiful piece of land, there is a big and beautiful palace. The palace is five hundred yojanas in height, two hundred and fifty yojanas in breadth, lofty, high...( description )... the floor, the ceiling, the throne, and all the other attendant things...to be inserted; the Eight Auspicious things, flags, and umbrellas upon umbrellas. This original (or centre ) palace is surrounded on all sides, by four other palaces, having half the measurements and dimensions of the central one. Those palaces were two hundred and fifty yojanas in height, and one hundred and twenty five yojanas in breadth...the description. These palaces also were surrounded by four other palaces, were one hundred and twenty five yojanas in height, sixty-two and half yojanas in breadth, lofty, high...etc...the description...the floor, the ceiling, the throne and the other things...to be inserted,.. the Eight Auspicious things, flags, and um. brellas. Those palaces were surrounded on all sides by

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54] RAJAPRASNIYA SUTRA four other palaces which were half in measurement and proportion to the first. These four palaces were sixtytwo and half [page 180] yojanas in height, thirty one yojanas and two miles in breadth,... the description.. the ceiling, throne, the other paraphernalia, and the Eight Auspicious things on the palace, flags and umbrellas upon umbrellas. [Page 182 ] (Sutra 36) To the north-east of the first (or central) palace, there is situated the Sudharma Assembly hall. It is one hundred yojanas in length, fifty yojanas in breadth, seventy-two yojanas in height, supported on many hundreds and thousands of pillars, lofty, having beautifully made altars of diamond and arches set in with beautiful dolls.........upto.......crowded with large groups of divine nymphs, and beautiful etc. This Sudharma Assembly hall has three doors in the three directions, as follows:-(one each) to the east, south, and north. These doors are sixteen yojanas in height, eight yojanas in breadth, the same dimensions at the entrance (or depth ?), white, having tops made of fine gold,.... upto.. the wild-creepers. On those doors, there are the Eight Auspicious things, flags, umbrellas upon umbrellas. In front of each of these doors, there are Mukha mandapas one hundred yojanas in length, fifty yojanas in breadth, more than sixteen yojanas in height, the description like that of the Assembly. In the three directions of those Mukhamandapas, there were three doors, (i. e. one in each quarter), as follows:-To the east, to the south, and to the north. These doors are sixteen yojanas in height, eight yojanas in breadth, the same number of yojanas in depth (Pravesa ?); they were white, with their tops made of fine gold..... upto... ...wild creepers.

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[ 55 TRANSLATION The floors and the ceilings of the Mukhamandapas... etc....on those Mukhamandapas there were the Eight Auspicious things, flags, and umbrellas upon umbrellas. In front of those Mukhamandapas there is in each direction an Audiance hall (or a theatre), the description being the same as that of the Mukhamandapa...upto...the doors, floor and ceiling. In the very centre of these very level and beautiful [Page 183] piece of ground, there is in each (quarter) a gymnasium, built with precious stones. In each of these diamond-gymnasiums, in the centre, there are placed jewelled platforms. Those jewelled seats are eight yojanas in length and breadth, four yojanas in thickness, all made of jewels, bright,...upto...beautiful. Above these jewelled-platforms, on each of them, there are placed lion-seats, the whole of the description of the thrones (to be inserted). Above these theatres, there are Eight Auspicious things, flags and banners upon banners. In front of each of these theatres there are jewelledplatforms. These jewelled platforms are sixteen yojanas in length and breadth, eight yojanas in thickness, all made of jewels, bright, and beautiful. Above each of these (jewelled platforms), there are Comes (or Stupas). These Stupas (or pillars) are sixteen yojanas in length and breadth, and more than sixteen yojans in height; they are white, resembling the conches, kunda flowers, water drops, the cluster of foam, or nectar being churned, all made of gems, bright..upto...beautiful. On those Stupas there are the eight Auspicious things, flags, and banners upon banners. In all the four directions of these Stupas there are jewelled platforms. These jewelled platforms are eight yojans in length and breadth, four yojanas in thickness, all made of jewels, bright...up

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56] RAJAPRASNIYA SUTRA to beautiful. On these jewelled platforms, there are installed four idols of the Jinas, of the measurement and height of the Jinas themselves (i.e. life-size images), sitting in Paryanka posture, & facing the Stupas. They were as follows:-(1) Rsabha, (2) Vardhamana, (3) Chandranana, and (4) Varisena. In front of each of those Stupas there are placed jewelled platforms. [Page 184 ) On those jewelled-platforms, on each of them, there are Chaitya trees (i. e. the sacred trees with a raised basin). Those Chaitya trees are eight yojanas in height, eight yojanas in depth (or girth ?); their trunks were two yojanas in height, half a yojana in breadth, their branches were six yojanas (in height), in the centre they (i. e. the trees) were eight yojanas in length and breadth, and were more than eight yojanas at the extreme top. Those Chaitya trees could be described as follows:the roots of those trees were made of diomands, their branches were properly fixed in silver, their broad bulbs were made of Ristha jewels, their trunks were beautiful and made of lapis-lazuli, with their roots made of gold and grown up, having broad branches; they had leaves and stems made of various gems, and jewels, and their branches and sub-branches were made of lapis-lazuli; they were adorned with red, soft and tender spr ts made of Jambunada gold, they had beautiful blossoms and tips; their branches were bent low under the burden of various flowers and fruit made of gems and jewels, they were giving great mental satisfaction and delight; they had fruit having nectar-like taste, were beautiful, shining, glorious, resplendent and beautiful. On those sacred trees there are Eight Auspicious thing; flags and EU VOULUPULUI VE

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TRANSLATION [ 57 umbrellas upon umbrellas. In front of these sacred trees there were jewelled-platforms on each side of them. These jewelled platforms are eight yojans in length and breadth, four yojanas in thickness (or width), were made of gems, and were bright..upto.. beautiful. On each of those jewelled-platforms there are great Indra-banners. These great banners in honour of Indra' are sixty yojanas in height, one yojana in depth; and a yojana in breadth; [page 185] they are made of diamonds, are circular, soft, polished, cleaned, and well balanced (firmly planted); they are beautiful and charming, being decora ted with many thousands of five-coloured and beautiful small banners; there were also many Vaijayanti banners, proclaiming victory; and which were being moved by the wind; they were endowed with umbrellas upon umbrellas, were lofty, with their tops scraping (or touching) the sky, and beautiful...with the Eight Auspicious things, flags, and umbrellas upon umbrellas. In front of each of those big Indra-flags, thers is a lake named as Nanda. These Nanda Puskarinis are one hundred yojanas in length, fifty yojanas in breadth, ten yojanas in depth and bright...the description. Some of them were full of water, and each of them was surrounded by a beautiful lotus altar...and each surrounded by a forest grove. To the three quarters of these Nanda Puskarinis, in all the three quarters, there are beautiful staircases, arches, flags, and umbrellas upon umbrellas. In the Sudharma Assembly there are forty-eight thousand Manogulikas (or peculiar seats); they were (divided) as follows:sixteen thousand to the east, sixteen thousand to the west, eight thousand to the south, and eight thousand to the north. On those Manogulika (seats) there were

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58] RAJAPRASNIYA SUTRA placed many planks made of gold and silver. In these planks of gold and silver there were many ivory pegs set with diamonds. On these ivory pegs set with diamonds, there were hanging many garlands and wreaths, that were circular and woven in black threads. In the Sudharma Assembly there are forty-eight thousand Gomanasikas (or sofas),...just like the Manogulikas...upto the ivory pegs. On these ivory pegs there are many suspenders made of silver. On these silver hangers (or suspenders), there are many incense-pots...made of lapis-lazuli; on these incense pots...there was exellent Kalaguru...etc. [ Page 186 Inside the Sudharma Assembly hall there is a level and charming piece of ground...upto...decorated with gems...the touch. of gems...and the ceiling. In the centre of that very smooth, even and beautiful piece of ground, there is a big jewelled dais (or platform), sixteen yojanas in length and breadth, eight yojanas in thickness...all made of jewels...upto..beautiful. On that jewelled-platform there is a sacred pillar Manavaka, sixty yojanas in height, one yojana deep, one yojana in breadth, having fortyeight corners, having forty-eight tips (or tops), and having forty-eight reflection (?)...the rest (of the description) like that of the big Indra-banner. Leaving twelve yojanas above and twelve yojanas below, on the thirty two yojanas in between, there are many slabs of gold and silver. On these slabs of gold and silver, there were many ivory pegs set in with diamonds. On those ivory pegs set in with diamonds, there were many suspenders. made of silver. On these silver-suspenders, there were many round and circular caskets. In those round and. circular diamond caskets, there were kept many bones.

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TRAMSLATION [ 59 of the Jinas. Those bones were (an object) worthy of being bowed down to...upto... waited upon by the God Suryabha as well as by many other gods and goddesses. Above the Sacred pillar of Manayaka, there were the Eight Auspicions things, flags, and banners upon banners. I Page 193] (Sutra 37 ) To the east of the Sacred pillar Manavaka, there is a big jewelled platform, eight yojanas in length and breadth, four yojanas in thickness, all made of gems, bright...upto... beautiful. On that big jewelled platform, there is a big throne.... ..description with all its paraphernalia. [Page 104] To the west of that Sacred pillar Manayaka, there is a big jewelled platform, eight yojanas in length and breadth, four yojanas in thickness, all made of gems, bright...upto... beautiful. On that jewelled platform there is a large bed of Gods. The following is the description of that Divine bed; e. g. the cross-legs of that Divine bed were of various jewels, the legs were of gold, the knobs of the legs were of various jewels, the other parts were made of Jambunada gold; the centre (or the middle portion ) was made of various gems, the cushions (or the upholstery ) were made of silver; the pillows were made of gold, and the other pillows ( Bibboyanas) were made of rubies. That sofa had pillows on both the sides, was raised up on both the sides, was pressed low in the middle, was of the measure of the body (lit. could embrace the body), resembling the sandy beach of the Ganges sinking in (under pressure ); with its covering properly arrarged, having another cover of silken garment, and then covered with red garment; it is also very charming, soft, and in touch like the deer-skin, cotton, Bura plant, butter, or the soft cotton.

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60 ] RAJAPRASNIYA SUTRA [Page 195] ( Sutra 38 ) To the north-east of that Divine bed (or sofa ), there is a big jewelled platform, eight yojanas in length and breadth, four yojanas in thickness, made of gems...upto... beautiful. On that jewelled platform, there is a small Indra-flag, sixty yojanas in height, one yojana in breadth, made of diamonds, round, soft, polished, and well-shaped...upto... beautiful, and above that the Eight Auspicious things, flags, and umbrellas upon umbrellas. To the west of that small Indra-flag there is the armoury named Chatus. pala of the God Suryabha, all made of diamonds, bright ...upto... beautiful. There were placed [ Page 196 ) many of the best arms and weapons, like clubs, or jewelled swords, or maces, and bows of the God Suryabha; these weapons were bright, sharp, having sharp edges and beautiful etc. On the Sudharma Assembly there are the Eight Auspicious things, flags, and umbrellas upon umbrellas. ( Sutra 39 ) To the north-east of the Sudharma Assembly, there is a big temple dedicated to Siddhas; it is one hundred yojanas in length, fifty yojanas in breadth, seventy-two yojanas in height,... after the type of the Assembly...upto...the Gomanasikas, floors, and ceilings also like that. Just in the centre of that Siddha temple, there is a big jewelled platform, sixteen yojanas in length and breadth and eight yojanas, in thickness. On that jewelled platform there is preparad a big seat for the Jina (Devacchandaga ). [Page 1971 It is sixteen yojanas in lengeth and breadth, more than sixteen yojanas in height, all made of jewels...upto... beautiful. There are placed on that (seat ), eight hundred images of the Jinas, of their own height and mea

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TRANSLATION [61 sure (i. e. life-size images). Those idols of the Jinas could be described as follows:-the palms and the soles (of the feet) were made of gold; the nails were of anka jewels, with the lohitaksa rubies inserted within, the legs and the knees were of gold; (so also ), the thighs and the other limbs were of gold; the navels were of burnished golds the lines of the hair ( on the body ) were of Ristha jewels; the nipples and the Srivatsa (marks on the chest ) were of burnisned gold; the lips were of coral; the teeth were of crystal; the tongues and the palates were of bright gold; the noses were of gold, having the infusion of lohitaksa rubies within; the eyes were of anka jewels with the lohitaksa rubies inserted within the pupils ( of the eyes ) were of Ristha jewels, the eyelids (or eyelashes ) were of Ristha jewels; the eyebrows were of Ristha jewels; the cheeks were of gold; the ears and the forehead were of gold, the heads (or the pot-like head or skulls ) were of gold; the roots of the hair were of burnished gold; and the hair above (the head) were of Ristha jewels. Behind each of those idols of Jinas, there were the standing images of the chowrie bearers. These images of the umbrella-bearers held gracefully in their hands the umbrellas which were as white in lustre as snow, silver, kunda flowers, or the moon, or the wreaths of koranta flowers. On both the sides of those idols of Jinas, there were the images of chowrie-bearers. Those images of chowriebearers were standing erect, holding gracefully in their hands (the chowries)...that were costly, bright and studded with jewels set in gold. In front of these idols of the Jinas, there were pairs of [Page 198] the images of snakes, Bhutas, Yaksas, servant (gods),.. all made of dia

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62 ] RAJAPRASNIYA SUTRA monds, bright..etc. In front of these idols of the Jinas, there were placed eight hundred bells, eight hundred pitchers, eight hundred yases (or earthen vessels)...and a similar number of mirrors, or plates, of small utensils, of tripods, of Manogulikas, of empty pots, of wonderful jewelled caskets, of precious stones like the horse necks ...upto..the bull necks...of baskets filled with flowers... upto...of baskets filled with feathers, of layers of flowers, of caskets, of oils,...upto..of caskets of collyrium; as also there were eight hundred incense pots. Over that Siddha-temple, there were the Eight Auspicious things, flags....and umbrellas upon umbrellas. Page 201] (Sutra 40) To the north-east of that Siddha-temple, there is a big Upapata Assembly (i.e, where gods meet),..as in the case of the Sudharma assembly, similarly here also...upto...the jewelled platform ...eight vojanas...the divine bed the same description... the Eight Auspicious things, flags,...umbrellas upon umbrellas. To the north-east of that Upapata Assembly, there is built a big tank, one hundred yojanas in length, fifty yojanas in breadth, ten yojanas in depth. To the north-east of that tank, there is a big Coronation-assembly, after the type of the Sudharma assembly..upto.. the Gomanasika seats, the jewelled platform, the throne, the other surrounding things..upto the garlands. There are placed in that assembly many articles necessary for the coronation belonging to the god Suryabha,..as also the Eight Auspicious things. To the north-east of that Coronation-assembly, there is the hair-dressing apartment...just like the Sudharma assembly...the jewelled platform of eight yojanas..the throne and the other things. There are kept in that Hair dressing department

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63 TRANSLATION many articles necessary for hair dressing, and belonging to god Suryabha...the rest as before. To the north-east of that hair-dressing department, there is a big Assembly for transacting business-(Court-chamber)--just like the Upapata Assembly...upto.. the throne...the jewelled platform, the other things [Page 202]...and the Eight Auspicious things. There is kept, in that "Vyavasaya Assembly'...the Best Book (or the Sacred Book) of the god Suryabha. That Best Book could be described as follows:-e. g. the leaves were made of jewels, the cover was of Ristha jewel, the threads (i. e. the stitchings) were of gold; the knots were of various gems; the inkpot was of lapis-lazuli; the lid of the ink-pot) was of Ristha jewels; the chain was of gold; the ink was of Ristha Jewels; the pen was made of diamonds, the letters were of Ristha jewels, and the preaching (i. e. the matter) was religious. Above the Court-chamber (or (Vyavasaya Sabha), there are the Eight Auspicious things. To the north-east of that Court-chamber, there is a Nanda-Puskarini...just like the lake. To the north-east of that Nanda puskarini, there is a big Balipitha,...all made of jewels, bright...upto... beautiful. [Page 204] (Sulra 41) In those days, at that time, the god Suryabha, being recently born, attained the fivefold development, viz. the development food, the development of the body, the development of the senses, the development of breathing and the development of speech and mind. Then after the god Suryabha had attained the complete five-fold development (of all these faculties), there occurred to him these various thoughts, ideas, and musings: "What should I tend to first? <Page #25
64 ] RAJAPRASNIYA SUTRA beneficial to me, (if done) before"? "What would be in my interest if done later ? "what would be for my benefit, happiness, comfort, and welfare; and what would accompany me to the other world" ? [Page 205] Then the gods, seated in the 'Assembly for his Equals' (Samanika), having learnt of these thoughts etc. of the god Suryabha, went toward him, greeted him with hail and victory with their hands folded and heads clasped in their folded hands, and said ["In the Suryabha Vimana of the Beloved of the gods, in the Temple of the Siddhas, there are installed eight hundred life-size idols of the Jinas themselves. They are to be bowed down to and worshipped by you, O beloved of the gods, and by all the other Vaimanika gods and goddesses. So this is fit to be attended to first, as well as last, by you, O Beloved of the gods; this would be beneficial to you before as well as after and it would be in your interests, for your happiness, comfort and welfare, before as also after, and it would accompany you to the other world. (Sutra 42) Then the God Suryabha, having heard this from the gods seated in the Assembly for gods who were his equals in status (i. e. the Samanikas), was delighted at heart...etc..and got up from his bed, went out of the Upapata Assembly (i. e. where gods are born) by the eastern door, went toward the lake, went round it, and entered it by the eastern arch (or pofch), ascended it by the eastern beautiful stair-case, plunged and bathed (or dived) in the water, sported in the water, performed the coronation ceremony with water, page 206] having sipped the water (after first purifying himself), and being spotlessly clean, and very pure, he came out

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TRASLATION [ 65 from the lake, went toward the Coronation chamber, and going round it, entered the same by the eastern door, went toward the throne, and sat down on the excellent throne facing the east. Then the gods of the Samanika assembly of the god Suryabha called the Abhiyogika gods and said to them:-"Quickly, O Beloved of the gods! make preparations for the great Indra-like, great, costly, valuable and pompous coronation ceremony of the god Suryabha.' Then those Abhiyogika gods, being thus addressed by the Samanika gods, were delighted...etc....and placing their heads on the folded hands, said, "Just as you order, O Lord," and agreed to the words of command with deference. They then went in the north-eastern direction, performed the magic physical mutation, and then numerous yojanas...upto...accomplished the magic physical mutation for the second time, and then created by their supernatural power, the following objects:-(1) Eight thousand golden pitchers; (2) eight thousand silver pitchers, (3) eight thousand jewelled pitchers, (4) eight thousand silver and gold pitchers, (5) eight thousand silver and jewelled pitchers, (7) eight thousand silver, gold, and jewelled pitchers, (8) eight thousand earthen pitchers; and similarly (eight thousand) vases (or Bhrngaras, mirrors, plates, small utensils, tripods (or supports), jewelled caskets, flower-baskets,...upto...baskets filled with feathers, bundles of flowers...upto...bundles of feathers, umbrellas, chowries, oil-flasks, [Page 207]...upto ...collyrium boxes, and eight thousand incense-pots; having created all these articles, they took them, natural as well artificial (lit. created by supernatural power), all those pitchers...upto...incense-pots, and went out of the Suryabha vimana, and then crossing the space with the

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66 ] RAJAPRASNIYA SUTRA excellent, and brisk gait of the gods, they went toward the Milky ocean, took the water of the Milky Ocean along with such lotuses, and sahasrapatras as were available there, and then went to the Puskarodaka ocean, and took the water of that ocean along with such varieties of lotuses as were available there; then they went to the Samaya Ksetra, towards the Bharata and Airavata Varsas, towards the sacred places like Magadha, Varadaman, and Prabhasa, and took the water and earth (or clay) from those sacred places; then they went to the great rivers like the Ganges, the Indus, the Raktaraktayati etc., and took the water of these rivers and the earth from both the banks (of these rivers); then they went towards the Ksudra Himayat and towards the Varsadhara mountain, took the water from them, as well as all the (types of) Tuvara (corn), all (types of)-flowers, scents, garlands, herbs, and white mustards; then they went towards the Padma and Pundarika lakes, took water from the lakes as well as all the varieties of lotuses available there; then they went towards the Haimavata and Airavata Varsas, towards the great rivers like Rohita, Rohitamsa, Suvarnakula, Rupyakula etc., took water from those rivers, as well as the earth from both the banks; then they went towards the series the Sabdapati, and Vikatapati mountains, as well as the Uttara Vaitadhya mountains,...and took all types of Tuvara (corn etc.). Then they went toward the Maha Himayat, Rukmi and Varsadhara mountains (Page 208 ]... etc; then they went toward the lakes Mahapadma and Mahapundarika, took water from those lakes...as before; then they went toward the Hariyarsa and the Ramyakayarsa, toward the Harikanta and Narikanta rivers...... as before...

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67 TRANSLATION mo Then they went to the series of the mountains Gandhapati and Malyavat mountains, to the Vrtta Vaitadhya mountains...just as before; then they went toward the Nisadha, Nilavat, and Varsadhara mountains...... as before; then they went toward the Tigicchi and Kesari lakes..., then they went toward the Mahavideha Varsa,, toward the great rivers Sita and Sitodaka....as before; then toward the Vijayas of the Sovereign narchs, toward all the sacred places like the Magadha, Varadaman, and Prabhasa, took water from those holy places,..then toward all the rivers in between, then toward all the Vaksaskara mountains, and took all the (types of) Tuvara corn etc.; then they went toward the Mandara mountain, toward the (forest) Bhadrasalavana, took all the (types of) Tuvara (corn), all the varieties of flowers, garlands, all herbs, and white mustards; then they went to Nandanavana, took all types of Tuvara..upto...all herbs, and white mustards, and juicy (or fresh) Gosirsa sandal, divine garlands of flowers, and perfumes and scents like the thick and fragrant Malaya sandal; they then collected (or put together) all these things, and with that brisk gait...etc... went toward the Saudharma Kalpa, toward the Suryabha Vimana, toward the Coronation hall, toward the god Suryabha; they then bowed down to him with their folded bands and bent heads, greeted him with hail and victory, and placed all that material for the great Indra-like coronation (of the god Suryabha). Then the four thousand Samanika chief queens, of the God Suryabha, with their attendants, (the members of the) three Assemblies, the seven Commanders-in-chief,..upto..many other (Page 209] gods and goddesses, who were the residents of the Suryabha Vimana, crowned the god Suryabha with the great Indra-like coronation ceremony, with eight thousand golden pitchers...upto..eight thousand

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68 RAJAPRASNIYA SUTRA earthen pitchers, some of them natural and some artificial (lit. created by supernatural power), which were place on beautiful lotuses, and filled with excellent fragrant water, which were smeared with sandal paste, to which the threads were fastened on the neck, and which had lotus-petals for their lids, and which were taken on the palms of their very tender hands, as also with all the waters, all the (types of) earths, all Tuvaras,..upto.. with all herbs and white mustards, and to the accompaniment of various instruments. Then as the great Indra-like coronation of the god Suryabha was going on, some of the gods sprinkled the Suryabha Vimana with a divine shower of fragrant water, with moderate quantity of water, so as not to cause too much rnud, and calculated to destroy the dust by spirinkling it sparcely. Others rendered the place free from dust, with all the dust removed, destroyed, suppressed or put down and settled down. Some other gods sprinkled with water, cleaned, and smeared the Suryabha Vimana, and made the roads and the shops and the space between them quite clean and polished. Others equipped the Suryabha Vimana with conches upon conches. Others decorated the Suryablia Vimana was flags, and banners upon banners, that were high and had various colours. There were others wbo smeared the Suryabha Vimana with cow-dung and purified it, and marked it (or the walls) with thick prints of palms (lit. five fingers) dipped in Gosirsa, and fresh red-sandal. There were other gods. who filled the Suryabha Vimana with sandal pitchers, and placed the sandal-pitchers under the beautiful arches and at the entrance. There were others who hung and suspended collections of plenty of round garlands in the Suryabha Vimana. There were some gods who scattered the offerings of five-coloured fragrant flowers in the

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TRANSLATION [69 Suryabha Vimana. While there were others who rendered the place charming [Page 210] with the spreading aroma of Kalaguru, excellent Turukka, Turuska, and incense (being burnt). Some of the gods rendered the Suryabha Vimana full of fragrance, as if it were a wafer of perfume, while there were others who showered showers of gold (wrought and unwrought), silver, diamonds, flowers, fruit, garlands, perfumes, powders, and ornaments. Some of the gods apportioned (or gave) the duty of (distributing or putting on?) gold, jewels, flowers, fruits, garlands, scented powder, garments, and scents, (to other gods), as well as the task of putting on ornaments; while others played on four types of musical instruments, viz. stretched, fully extended, thick, and hoilow. There were some who gave performances of four types of vocal music, viz. Utksipta, Payattaya, Mandaya, and Rochitavasana; while there were others who displayed the Druta type of dramatic performance, or the Vilambita type, or the Drutavilambita type. And thus there were gods who performed the following types of dramatic performances, viz. Anchita, Arabhata, Bhasola, Arabhatabhasola, Utpata--nipata, Pravrtta, Samkuchita-prasarita, Riyariya, and Bhranta-sambhranta. Some of the gods gave the performance of the four types of acting, viz. Darstantika, Pratyantika, Samanytovinipatika, and Loka-antomadhyavasanika; while others produced the peculiar Bukka sound (i.e. a sort of roaring sound); while still others are puffed up (or inflated) (V.L. dance about), make it fragrant, or shout about, or instruct (others ? ), or perform the Tandaya type of dance. There were some who jumped and struck (the ground etc.); others first struck and then jumped and danced the three-stepped

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70] RAJAPRASNIYA SUTRA dance. Others produced the neighing sound of a horse, or the rumbling sound of an elephant, or the rattling of a chariot, while still others [Page 211] produced the combination of all these sounds put together. Some tossed and threw themselves up, while others produced the sound of revelry, while others did all the three. Some jumped down, some jumped up, others jumped cross-wise, while others did all the three. Some roared like lions, some gave blows, some gave slaps on the ground, while others did all the three. Some thundered (or roared), some produced the sound like that of the lightning, some dropped down showers, while others did all the three. Some were burning, some were heating, while others were scorching (?), and others did all the three. Some howled, some gave loud outbursts of "fie' (on others), some despised others, some declared their own names, while others did all the four. Some of the gods arranged a gathering of gods, some made a divine illumination, some arranged a small gathering of gods, some were engaged in asking How do you do'? Others produced the "Duha-Duha' noise, others waived their garments while others did all of these (actions). Some ran and rushed here and there with lotuses in their hands..upto.. with lotus petals etc. in their hands; some with pitchers..upto.. with incense pots in their hands, and delighted..at heart, they moved on all sides. Then those four-thousand Samanikas..upto.. sixteen-thousand body-guards, as well as many other gods who were the residents of the metropolis of the god Suryabha, perfomed the great, pompous and Indralike coronation ceremony of the god Suryabha, and then every one of them bent down his head and placed it on

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TRANSLATION [ 71 his folded bands [Page 212] and said :"Victory to you! 0) delightful one l Hail to you, O Auspicious one! May you conquer (things) unconquered (yet); guard those that are conquer ed; stay among those whom you have brought under your power; may you be like Indra among the gods, like the Moon among the stars, like Chamara among the demons, like Dharana among the Nagas ( serpents ), like Bharata among the mortals; may you live many Palyopamas, many Sagaropamas, many Palyopamas and Sagaropamas; may you be the ruler of the Suryabha Vimana as well as of the four-thousand Samanika gods. .upto.. the (sixteen) thousand body-guards, as also of the many other gods who reside in the Saryabha Vimana"-and with these words they again hailed him with victory. Then the god Suryabha, being thus crowned with great eclat by the Indra-like coronation cere. mony, went out of the Coronation hall by the eastern door, then went toward the toilet room (or the Hairdressing apartment), and going round, entered the same by the eastern door, then went toward the throne, and sat down on the excellent throne facing the east. Then the Samanika gods placed before him all the toilet requisites. Then the god Suryabha first of all wiped off his body with a perfumed, fragrant, soft and tender red garment. He then anointed his limbs with the fresh Gosirsa sandal, then put on pair a of celestial garments which could be carried away (or wafted) even by the breath (i.e. it was so light), very charming (lit. rayishing the eye), having ( beautiful ) colour and (very soft) touch, even more tender and delicate than the saliva of a horse; it was white, having golden embroidery, and resembling in lustre the Akasa crystal; then

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72 ] RAJAPRASNIYA SUTRA he fastended the necklace, the half-necklace, the Ekayali, the pearl-necklace, and the jewelled neeklace; [Page 213 ) then he put on various ornaments like the armlets, the bracelets, the wrist-ornaments, the armbands, the waist band, the ten rings, the Vikaccha Sutra, the Muravi, the pendant (or amulet), the ear-rings, the crest-jewel, and the crown; then he decked himself like the Desire-yielding tree with four types of garlands, that are prepared by tying together the threads, by being bound up (or tied around), by being filled up, and by being joined; then he smeared (Bhukhandei ?) his limbs with sweet and profuse sandal paste, and wore celestial garland. [Page 218] (Sutra 43) Then the god Suryabha, being decked with four-fold ornaments, viz. the hair-ornaments, the ornaments of wreaths, the ornaments (of gold, silver and precious stones), and the ornaments in the form of fine apparel, being fully decked, got up from his seat, and went out of the Toilet-hall by the eastern door, and went toward the Court-chamber, and going round the same, he entered it by the eastern door, and going toward the throne..sat upon it. Then the Samanika gods brought the Best Book (or Gospel) to the god Suryabha. Then the god Suryabha took the Best Book, loosened it, and then having opened the same, began to read it. Then he took to religious duties (or made pious resolves), then placed the Best Book (in its proper place), got up from the throne, and went out of the Courtchamber by the eastern door; he then went toward the Nandapuskarini, ascended the same by the eastern arch and the eastern beautiful stair-case, washed his hands and feet, and thus being purified and clean, and abso

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TRANSLATION [ 73 lutely pure, he took a big, white, and bright silver vessel filled with water, resembling the mouth of an elephant and like a big pitcher; he also took such varieties of lotuses as were available there, and then descended down the Nandapuskarini, and proceeded to go toward the the Temple of the Siddhas. [Page 219] (Sutra 44 ) Then the four-thousand Samanika gods...upto... the sixteen-thousand body-guards and many other gods and goddesses, carrying various varieties of lotuses in their hands, followed the god Suryabha. Then the numerous Abhiyogika gods and goddesses, some with pitchers in their hands, while others carrying the incense-pots, went after the god Suryabha. Then the god Suryabha, surrounded by the fourthousand Samanika gods....upto..by many other gods and goddesses, went toward the Temple of the Siddhas with great pomp and eclat and to the accompaniment of the sound ( of musical instruments). He then entered the Temple by the eastern door, and went toward the seat of the Jina, and toward the idols of the Jinas; he then bowed to the idols at the sight of them ), took the broom of feathers, cleaned the idols with it, and then bathed the idols of the Jinas with fragrant and scented water; he then anointed the limbs (of the idols ) with fresh Gosirsa sandal, then wiped off the limbs with a red. scented and perfumed piece of cloth; he than put on celestial and whole ( or uncut ) pairs of garments on the idols, and then put on the flowers, garlands, scents powders, cosmetics (or colours ), garments, and ornaments; he then put on and suspended on the idols ), round and big collections of garlands; he then offered the offerings of the

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74] RAJAPRASNIYA SUTRA clusters of five-coloured flowers that had slipped down from the hair as they were seized by the hand; he then painted the Eight Auspicious signs before the idols of the Jinas with rice that were pure, soit, made of silver (or like silver), and very bright (so as to reflect the objects near by), (Page 220] viz. the swastika...upto...the mirror. And after that he took the incense-pot made of lapislazuli and having a bright handle made of lapis-lazuli and diamonds and jewels bright like the moon; it was also decorated with paintings and gems and jewels set in gold; it was filled with Kalaguru, excellent Kundurukka, Turuska, and incense, the fragrance of which was spreading everywhere, and which was giving out a column of (fragrant ) smoke; and thus having given the incense to the idols of the Jinas, he praised them with eight hundred pure and elaborate words, full of great sense, and having no repetition; he then went seven or eight steps, bent his left knee, and placing the right knee on the ground he touched the ground with his head; then he raised his head slightly, and holding his head in his hands which were folded, he bowed down and said:-" Bow unto the Adorable ones...upto...who have attained...and thus saluted and bowed down, and then proceeded toward the seat of the Jina, toward the centre of the Temple of the Siddhas, and took the broom of feathers; with that he cleaned. the central portion of the Temple of Siddhas, sprinkled it with a divine shower of water, painted a circle of the surface of the hand (lit. five-fingers ) with fresh Gosirsa sandal, offered an offering of the cluster of flowers....etc.....put incense (before them ), and then went toward the southern gate of the Temple of Siddhas, took

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TRANSLATION [75. the broom of feathers, and with it he cleaned (the images of) the servant girls at the entrance, as well as the dolls, the images of serpents, and then bathed them with a shower of heavenly water, and gave applications of fresh Gosirsa sandal; he then put on them the flowers... ...etc. upto...ornaments,...placed garlands etc...upon them and then went toward the northern row of pillars of the southern Mukhamandapa ( Page 221 ] and took the broom of feathers, and then cleaned the pillars, the dors, as well as the images of the serpents, just as in the case of the western door,...upto placed the incense before them; then he went toward the eastern door of the southern Mukhamandapa, and there...the slave girls etc... just as before; then he went to the southern theat toward the centre of that, toward the gymnasium (or gambling place ?) made of diamonds, toward the jewelled platform, toward the throne, and then he took the broom of feathers and cleaned the gymnasium, the jewelled platform, and the throne; he then sprinkled it with a shower of celestial water, and applied the fresh Gosirsa sandal, and then put on flowers,..etc....upto... put the incense; he then went toward the western door of the southern theatre...then toward the nothern door.just as in the case of the eastern door; the same (is the description) in the case of the southern door; he then went to the southern Sacred Lillar, and sprinkled with divine shower the pillar as well as the jewelled platform,...upto... put incense; he then went toward the western jewelled platform, toward the western idol of the Jipa,...the same description as before. Then toward the northern Jinaimage; the same description; he then went toward the eastern jewelled platform, toward the eastern Jina image

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76] RAJAPRASNIYA SUTRA ...the same as before; then...the southern jewelled platform, and the southern Jina. .image...as before; then he went toward the southern Sacred Tree, [ Page 222] toward the great flag in honour of Indra, toward the southern Nandapuskarini, took the broom of feathers, and cleaned with it the arches, the stairs, the dolls, and the images of serpents; then he bathed them with a divine shower of water, and put incense before them, and applied Gosirsa sandal; then, going round the Temple of Siddhas, he went toward the northen Nandapuskarini,... as before; then he went toward the northern Sacred Tree, toward the nothern Sacred Pillar..as before; then toward the western platform, toward the western idol of the Jina,...as before; then toward the northern Theatre...whatever is told with regard to the southern (theatre), that should be repeated here; the southern row of pillars.., then toward the nothern Mukhamandapa, toward the centre of the northern Mukhamandapa ..as before; then toward the western door,...northern door...the southern row of pillars...the rest as before; then toward the northern door of the Temple of Siddhas then toward the eastern door of the Temple of Siddhas,... as before; then toward the eastern Mukhamandapa, toward the centre of the eastern Mukhamandapa...as before,. The northern door, the western row of pillars at the southern entrance of the eastern Mukha-mandapa,..as before; the same regarding the eastern door; then toward the eastern theatre, similarly, the Pillar, the Jina images, the Sacred Trees, the great Indra-flag, the Nanda-puskarini,..as before..upto burnt incense;.. then he went toward the Sudharma Assembly, and [Page 223] entered it by the eastern

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TRANSLATION [77 entrance, and then he went toward the Sacred Pillar Manavaka, toward the circular and round diamond boxes; he then took the broom of feathers, cleaned the round and circular diamond boxes with it; and then opened them; he then cleaned the boxes of the Jinas with the broom of feathers, washed them with fragrant and perfumed water, then worshipped them with the best and fresh flowers and scents, and then replaced the bones of the Jinas in those round diamond boxes; he then cleaned the Sacred Pillar Manavaka, and gave applications of fresh Gosirsa sandal after first bathing them with divine shower; then the putting on of flowers..upto..the burning of incense; then he went toward the throne,..as before.. toward the Divine bed (or Sofa),...as before, toward the small Indra-flag,..as before; he then went toward the Chatuspala armoury, and took the broom of feathers, and cleaned the armoury with it, then sprinkled a shower of heavenly water, and gave applications of fresh Gosirsa sandal,..the putting on of flowers... garlands ...upto...the burning of incense; he then went toward the centre of the Sudharma Assembly, toward the jewelled platform, toward the Divine bed (or sofa), took the broom of feathers, and cleaned the sofa and the jewelled platform with it...upto..burnt the incense; then he went toward the southern door of the Upapata Hall (where gods are born ),...just like the Coronation Hall, ...upto..the eastern Nanda-puskarini; then he went toward the lake,...then the arches, the stairs, the dolls, the images of serpents...then he went toward the Coronation Hall, [Page 224] the throne, the jewelled-platform,...the rest as before...after the manner of the temple ...upto the eastern Nandapuskarin; then he went toward

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78] RAJAPRASNIYA SUTRA the Toilet Hall....as in the case of the Coronation Hall, then he went toward the Court-chamber, took the broom of feathers, and cleaned the Holy Book with it; then he sprinkled it with a divine shower and worshipped it with the best of scents and garlards; then the jewelled platform, the throne, the rest as before; the eastern Nanda-puskarini; then he went toward the lake,...the arches, the stairs, the dolls, and the images of serpents, ..as before. He then went toward the Balipitha, gave offerings, called the Abhiyogika gods, and said unto them: "Quickly; O Beloved of the gods, perform worship in the places where three roads meet, in triangular places, in squares, in circles, in Chaturmukhas (four-cornered places ? ), in the Royal roads, on the ramparts, on the turrets, on the turret-paths, in the doors, in the gates and arches, as well as gardens, parks, forests, rows of forests, woods, and forest-groves, and then report to me quickly." Then those Abhiyogika gods, being thus addressed by the god Suryabha,..upto.. having agreed.. did as ordered, then went back to the god Suryabha, and reported to him. Then the god Suryabha went toward the Nandapuskarini, [ Page 225 ) ascended it by the eastern stair, washed his hands and feet, came up from it, and then started to go toward the Sudharma Assembly. Samanika gods, upto..... sixteen thousand. Then the god Suryabha, surrounded by fourthousand body-guards, and by many other gods and goddesses who were the residents of the Suryabha Vimana, in great pomp and eclat,..upto...to the sound (of musical instruments ), went toward the Sudharma Assembly, and entered it by the eastern gate; he then

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TRANSLATION [ 79 went toward the throne, and sat on it, with his face toward the east. [ Page 233] (Sutra 45) Then, to the north-west and the north-east quarters of the god Suryabha, there were seated the four-thousand Samanika gods, on the four thousand auspicious seats. Then, to the east of the god Suryabha were seated his four chief queens on the four auspicious seats. Then to the south-east of the god Suryabha there were seated the eight thousand gods belonging to the Inner-assembly (Chamber) on eightthousand Bhadrasanas. Then to the south of god Suryabha, there were seated on the Bhadrasanas, the ten thousand gods, who were the members of the Middle Chamber. Then to the south-west of the god Suryabha, [Page 234] there were seated on the Bhadrasanas, the twelve thousand gods, who were the members of the Outer Chamber. Then to the west of the god Suryabha there were seated the seven Commanders-in-chief of the god Suryabha on seven auspicious seats. Then to the four quarters of the god Suryabha, there seated sixteen thousand Body-guard gods, on the sixteen thousand Bhadrasanas, as follows:-four-thousand to the east, four thousand to the south, four thousand to the west, and four thousand to the north. Those bodyguards had put on and fastened armours and coats-ofarm, had tied arm-bands for the bows, had put on ornaments on the neck, had fastened and wore bright and beautiful emblems, had taken weapons and missiles, and having taken bows that were bent in three places, which had three joints, the tips (or the ends) of which were of diamonds, and having taken large collections of bows, e.g. some of them having dark bows in their hands, were 1

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80 ] RAJAPRASNIYA SUTRA some carrying the yellow ones, others having red ones, some carrying the bows (?), others having beautiful bows, some having leathern straps, some carrying staffs, some having swords, some carrying nets, while others carrying all these things in their hands,-those Body-guards, who were on the guard duty, were guarded, whose lines were guarded (and were therefore unassailable ), standing close to one another, singly and in ranks, and each of those Body-guards was standing respectfully in a proper position, and like a servant.

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NOTES N. B.--The references are to the pages of the Text, and the numbers of Sutras : Thus, 2. I, means Page 2, Sutra 1. Com.=commentary. * 2.. ao foresoi etc. Instrumental used for the Locative; tena kAlena tasmin kAle. Another way of reading the same phrase is, te NaM kAle NaM, and then f is vAkyAlaGkArArthe and te is Loc. sing. In those days' etc. The Com. says 'At the time when Lord Mahavira moved about.' fies etc. El-Prosperous; fef21-ffafhai-Peaceful; free from fear of foreign invasion; Afagl-A7GI. 517-19-Upto. the word ara is used when the passage is merely indicated but not given in full,,.-Tfiere: are particular aus or stereotyped sets of descriptions in amg which are used by the authors. Thus, a city, Sankingom odden, a mountain and so on, are described in one place, and that description is merely referred to in other" places. Somo times it is done by the words * soor3it" 7'99: ), and sometimes, as in the present ,,case, by giving the first and the last words of that passageid: jdining them by #1aqargiai-9141131-graig #71-Abounding. * in palaces; or from prasAda -- giving delight, or satisfaction. darisaNijadarzanIya-Pot. pass. part. abhirUpa and pratirUpa-Beautiful and Charming 2. 2. afggi-afa:-Outside. Jaga-JATTF-Northeast. Fat4181-f12717-Quarter: 1.0r sub-quarter ). 31a-87167. agg- -A sanctuary; a jain temple. 247-Past tense, third person singular and plural "frorir mietenito be.! T210Tgeto-Ancient. 7. 3. 994-9559-A tree. gefangeat. feraiana-fatale

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2] RAJAPRASNIYA SUTRA Slab of stone; the whole expression would mean, 'a large dajs of earthen blocks.'vattavvayA-vaktavyatA-Description. ovavAiya aupapAtika-The name of the first Upanga. gama-Type or manner. neya-jJeya-Should be known; (Pot. pass. part). __20. 4. samosaDhe-samavasRtaH ( P. P. P.)-Arrived. samavasaraNaThe arrival of a saint, or prophet. The word samosaraNa is used by the Jains even now. parisA-pariSat-Assembly, congregation. pajjuvAsai-payupAsate-Serves, waits upon. 30. 5. sohamma kappa-saudharma kalpa. " Some distance above our earth begins a series of celestial spheres. These comprise twelve Kalpas, which are styled (in the ascending order) as follows-saudharma, aizAna, sanatkumAra, mAhendra, brahmaloka, lAntaka mahAzukra, sahasrAra, Anata, prANata, AraNa, and acyuta. There are then the nine graiveyakas, and the nine anuttara vimAnas. These latter are supposed to contain palaces or fagras, inhabited by the vaimAnika gods." sAmANiya-sAmAnika-Equal in status. aggamahisI-apramahiSI-The chief, or the crowned queen. aNiya-anIka-Army. The seven armies are enumerated thus, by the Com. 'hayAnIkaM gajAnIka rathAnIkaM padAtyanIkaM vRSabhAnIkaM gandharvAnIkaM nATayAnIkam / The first five are useful in war, the last two are for enjoyment. aNiyAhibaI-anIkAdhipatiH-Commander-in-chief. solasa-zoDaSa, Ayarakkha-AtmarakSaBody-guard. saddhi-sArdham-With. saMparivuDe-saMparivRtaH-Surrounded. mahayAhaya-mahayA+Ahaya or mahayA+ahaya. Ahaya-Com. 'AkhyAnakapratibaddhAni iti vRddhAH' ahata-Unbroken, continuous. naTTa-nATya. tantI-tantrIvINA. tala-What is called as 'TALa' in Mar. muiGga-mRdaGga. paDappavAiya-paTupravAdita-Beaten loudly. bhuMjamANe-bhujAna:-Pres. part. (A. P.)-Enjoying. kevalakalpam-Com. 'ISadaparisamAptaM kevalajJAnam' But the Dict. gives the meaning of kevalakalpa as 'complete, and this sense fits better; so translate-'The whole of this jambadvIpa'...etc. jambUdvIpa-is the name of the continent in which India is situated. There are ten such continents

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NOTES. [3 according to the Jains. viuleNaM ohiNA-' vipulena avadhinA'By extensive Avadhi knowledge. According to the Jains samyaga jJAna-or Right knowledge is divided into five divisions : (1) matijJAna, or the knowledge acquired by means of the senses and mind; (2) zrutajJAna-The knowledge of scriptures; (3) avadhi-The knowledge acquired by the soul directly, without the help of the senses. It is innate to gods and hellish beings; (4) manaHparyAya-Knowledge of the thoughts of others; and (5) kevalaM-The highest knowledge or Omniscience. By this the soul knows and sees everything. P. 33. bhArahe vAse-bhArate varSe. Note the change of t to ha in bhArata. ahApaDirUva-yathApratirUpa-As is proper, or fit. uggahaavagraha-Residence. uggiNhittA-ugrAhya-Having accepted. appANaMAtmAnam. Atman-is changed to atta and appa. bhAvemANa-Purifying himself; exercising penance. 2 pr-the figure 2 means that the previous verb is to be repeated and at means that the termination of the indeclinable past participle is to be added to it; thus, 2ttA here stands for pAsittA. hadva-hRSTa. somaNassie-saumanasthitaH-Gratified; pleased. harisa-harSa. hiyaya-hRdaya. payaliya-pracalita-Stirred. mauDa-mukuTa. virAyaMta-virAjamAna. vaccha-vakSasa--Chest. pAlaMba-pralamba-The pendant. gholanta-Pres. part. (from ghUrNa)-Moving or dangling. abbhui-abhi+uttiSThati. pAyapIDha -pAdapITha-Foot-rest. egasADiyaM uttarAsaMgaM karei-ekazATikaM uttarAsaMgaM karoti-He put on the upper garment tidily and folded it round the neck. The usual manner of wearing the upper garment is round one shoulder and under the other armpit. But at the time of bowing down, the mode of wearing was changed. sattaha-saptASTa-Seven or eight, cp. Mar. sAta ATha. vAma-Left. jAnu-Knee. aMca-To bend. dAhiNa-dakSiNaRight. It also means "south '. we also get pharent from dakSiNa. Cp. H. dakkhan. nihaTTa-( Gerund, ) nikSipya-Having

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4 ] RAJAPRASNIYA SUTRA placed. fargat-fa:-Three-times. qat is the termination to show number of times ', from 'hart' in Sk. giuimUrdhAnam. Acc. Sing.-(Head). IsiM-ISat- Slightly. dasaNaha-dazanakhaThe (cellection of) ten nails; the hand. FATATE-FathiasMoving the head round and round. matthaa-mastaka. Cp. Mar. A19. 72-a1. agtet-Form of the past tense of ac for all persons and numbers. arahaMta or arihaMta-from arhat-The Adorable ones. arihaMta is also derived from ari+han-Those who haye destroyed the enemies in the form of passions. 8713777-371f -The First Maker of the Law. farem-alejaitThe maker or giver of the ford' or 'passage' in the ocean of worldly existence. Later on atef also came to mean Order '; the four orders, viz. the Monks, the Nuns; and the Laymen and Lay women. sayaMsaMbuddha-svayaMsaMbuddhaSelf-enlightened. faertThis is a smell-giving elephant whose smell is very repellent to other elephants, and who, therefore, run away form him. qga-319. 4771-419The right path. Cp. 'AM' Mar. which means trail'. (P. 34). 1837-aa-a-her. a a -Having four ends. The souls in this world can have only four ends: e. g. they may be reborn as gods, hellish beings, lower creatures, or human beings-(not taking into consideration those who get salvation), a 7-also means the Earth. etcafet-379faca-Unobstructed unimpeded. 490-priaFaith. fazlash-Free from obscurity, or covering (of the mind or vision). A 39F4 sage is one who has not yet acquired #asia. fra from fe to conquer; one who has conquerred passions. Flat-Should be taken from the causal of f-519-One who enables others to conquer passions. Correct ' the text to moyaga-mocaka-One who releases others from bondage. Hocal-nas-Omniscient; ' in Sk. is generally changed to an in Prakrit. BreziB1854-Free from pain. sia- a-Infinite. Bgorriani-8797

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NOTES [5 rAvarta-From which there is no return. tatthagaya-tatragata-Seated there. (Sutra 6) eyArUva-etadrapa-Such. ajjhatthiya-AdhyAtmika-Inward musing. The other spelling of the word is abbhatthiyaabhyarthita-Longings. The four words are synonymons. samuppajitthA-Past tense third Person sing. and plural-Occurred; arose in mind. ____Page 36. tahArUva-tathArUpa-Of that sort; farnous, illustrious. nAmagotra-Name and family name. ( Page 37) savaNayAe-It is practically the form of the Dative. kimaMga punaH-How much more. abhigamana-Approach. Ayariya-(I) Acarita-That which is practised; or which conforms to the Law; (2) AcArya. The first sense is preferable here. savaNayAe-zravaNatAyai-zravaNAya. viulassa aTThassa etc. - How much more beneficial it would be to drink deep at the fountain of knowledge'. kallANaM maMgalaM etc. are words in apposition. peccA-pretya-After death. ANugAmiyattAe-AnugAmikatvAya-For progress; or something which would accompany him after death. sahAvei-zabdApayati-Calls; causal 3rd. per. sing. from the Denominative of zabda (sadda). Correct the text to umgiNhittA in L. II. 38. 6. sAheha-Imperative second person plural of sAha an Adeza (or substitute) for katha. AyAhiNapayAhiNa-AdakSiNapradakSiNaStarting from the right and keeping the image or person to one's right; going round, or circumambulation. savvao samaMtA-sarvataH samantAt- On all sides. joyaNa-yojana. Initial 'ya' is generally changed to 'ja'. sakkara-zarkarAm-Sand. cokkhaM (Desi)Pure. acokkha-Impure, dirty. pUiyaM-pUtika-Filthy. dunmigaMdhadurabhigaMdha-Having foul smell. AhuNiya-Ahatya-Beating, or collecting together; or froin AdhUya - Shaking, removing. eDa-To carry. naccodagaM-nAtyudakam-In such a way as not to sprinkle too much water. maTTiyA-mRttikA. Cp. maTTIH. papphusiya-praspRSTa-Touched. vAsa-varSa-Shower. vAsaha-varSayata-Imper.

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61 RAJAPRASNIYA SUTRA 2nd. per. plural. 933-FASE-Growing on land. TET-Shining. pabhUya-prabhUta-Plenty of. viMTachAi-vRntasthAyi-Standing on their stems. fagadu garu-Five-coloured. Fra-Five; ( lit. half of ten). FIQFAE-F19+372-Height upto the knees. mitta-mAtra ohiM-The Com. gives oghena-sAmAnyena. The Dict. does not give that meaning for the word ohi. kAlAgusetc. All these are varieties of sandal wood. Agha-Onomotopoetic; cp. JATAIS. siqarshi-Like an incense-water; or concentrated essence of fragrance. Grae- eta-imper. 2nd. per. plu. from the causal of 77. Faqiha-feira-Quickly. 8110621 -31151714-Order. qafque-990141-( Lit. ) return. The whole expression means: * And report to me after you have carried out my orders'. 41. 8. FAM-Pres. part. from 319-to be. 39-30.ga aat aafa'-Fi gat jer sfat i It is just as you say, My Lord ! 371071-391911. Egu-sifax-To promise to undertake. grega-JACOUTFIT -North-eastern. asfogataTO-af867 giaa-By magic transformation of the body. There are five kinds of bodies : (1) sitgift#-The gross body, or the ordinary human body of all creatures in this world; (2) afate - The outer fluid body of gods and hellish beings which can be changed at will; (3) 3718179-This can be acquired by those who know the 14 gas. With the help of this body, the soul can go and consult the Arhats in other worlds, about difficult points in scriptures; (4) - The fiery or magnetic body. It is from this body that the hot and cold flashes emanate; and (5) FAT-Body of karmic atoms. "A para is a process by which a sta makes emanate soul-particles, together with the karmic matter which is inseparable from them, for some particular purpose. There are seven kinds of aggas:-acetat, kaSAya, vaikiya, mAraNAntika, taijasa, AhAra, and kevalisamudrAta. The

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NOTES 1.7 afat hygra is performed when a strong new Vaikriyabody is wanted for a special work. A soul that has the Vaikriya power (gods, hell-inhabitants and some humans)-makes emanate soul-particles ( 59 gats) which take the form of a staff with the breadth and thickness of the body, but many yojanas long. The length is to collect new matter. Then he (The sia ) destroys the coarse matter of the old Vaikriya-body and retains the fine. Then new matter consisting of all kinds of jewels is co lected, of which the coarse part is rejected and the fine retained, to make a new Vaikriya-body. The commentators note the difficulty that jewels are Audarika-matter, whereas only Vaikriya-matter can be used here. They explain it, therefore, as matter as precious as jewels,' or the Audarika-matter is transformed into Vaikriya-matter." (Miss Helen Johnson. Trisasti). AHEM-HY&+67-To make emanate soul particles. HentNe --Numerous. (e-A staff. aut etc. These are all various kinds of jewels. q 7-99 - Diamonds. affasa-ariLapis-lazuli. Glieme-fear-Ruby. F17ET-FIET-gold. qofs-F*-Crystal. 377877737-3977177-whatever gross matter there be. pudgala-Atom. paresADa-parizAtaya-To discard, throw away. ahAsuhuma-yathAsUkSma-whatever subtle matter there be. afara-419e-Accept. stafa-fatgjafa quAE-For the second time. Jarasoa-untari-The new Vaikriya-body; the Dict. gives the meaning as * Different from the natural or normal Vaikriya-body; or a created Vaikriya-body.' 315-3FHE. 2007-5991-Speed. Fara-fazlan-Obliquely. atgaylag-To cross. tha ana-In the direction where....etc. 43. 9. Flaita-Custom, manner. fa-an; #forgfuntzt; both these are Pot. pass. participles.

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8] RAJAPRASNIYA SUTRA P. 44. AiNNaM AcIrNam-Practised. bhavaNavai etc. These are the four types of gods. 44. I0. Correct the text to joyaNAI (L. 20). daMDa-A staff. saMvavAa-saMvartavAta-Name of a particular wind. se-atha. se stands also for saH and tasya. jahAnAmae-yathAnAma-For instance. bhaiyadArae-bhRtikadAraka:-A servant-boy. siyA-syAt-Pot. 3rd per. sing. ____P. 45. jugavaM-yugavAn-Com. kAlopadravarahita:-Free from the ravages of time; or yogavAn-skilled. appAyake alpAtaGka: Having no disease ; 'alpazabdaH abhAvavAcI. thirasaMghayaNesthirasaMhananaH-0f a firm built : (The Com. omits this expression). aggahattha-agrahasta-Fingers. paDipuNNa-( Com. V. L. daDha)pratipUrNa-(or dRDha). The Com. also omits 'saMghAya' in the compound. pariNaa-pariNata-Fully developed. vaha-vRtta-Circular. nicita-Firm; thickset. valita-Round. cammeDhaga-camaSTaka-A leather -club. drughaNa-A mace. muTThiya-muSTikA-Fists; boxing. urassa-urasya Belonging to the chest. samannAgae -samanvAgataH-Endowed with. tala-Palm-tree. jamala- yamala-In a line; (It also means a pair). phalihanibha-parighanibha-Like the city bolt or beam of a gate; ( the Com. omits this expression ). laMghana-Crossing. pavaNa-plavana-Jumping. jaiNa-javana-Speeding; running. pamahaNa -pramarda-Boxing; V. L. vAyAmaNa-vyAyAmana-Exercise. chee-chekaHWise; Com. skilled in seventy-two arts..' dakkha-dakSa-skilled. pache-praSThaH-Orator. The same word (paTTayA or pache) is used in Mar. as a complement; probably originally it was a complement for some literary activity. mehAvI medhAvI-Intelligent. sippa-zilpa. maha-mahat-Big. daMDa-Handle. saMpucchaNi-saMpucchanI-saMmArjanI-A broomstick. salAgA-zalAkA-Small stick. hatthaga-hastaka-Collection. The Com. omits this compound. veNusalAiyaM-veNuzalAkikaM-Bamboo sticks. gahAya-gRhItvA-(Indeclinable past participle)-Having taken. aMteura-antaHpura-Harem. devakula-( devaula and then deULa

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NOTES [9 Mar.)-Temple. pavA-prapA-A caravansaral; lit. a place where water is distributed free; Mar. pANapoI. nirantaraM-Thoroughly, *or completely. saMpamajjejjA-saMpramArjayet-Should clean; (Pot. third per. sing). parimaMDala-The area round about. abbhavadala-abhravAdala -A storm of clouds ; Cf. vAdaLa Mar. daga-udaka-Water. vAraka etc. different kinds of earthen vessels. AvarisejjA-AvarSayet -would shower. (Pot. 3rd per. sing). payaNutaNAyanti-Com. anukaraNavacanabhetat-( Onomatopoeic )-Produced the thundering noise. vijjuyAyaMti-Denominative from vidyat-Froduced lightning flashes. (P. 46). taccapi-tRtIyamapi vArama-For the third time. paDalaga -A bunch, or cluster. caMgeriyaM-(Desi )-Basket. chajiyaM-chAdhikA -A basket with a lid. kacaggAha-kacagrAha-Holding the hair. vippamukka-vipramukta-Fallen; discharged. puMja-cluster. uvayAra-upacAra -Formality. karejA-kuryAt-(Pot. 3rd. per. sing.) evAmeva evamevaNote the lengthening in 'vA' which is irregular ; cf. khippAmeva above. kArayaMti-Causal, present 3rd. per. plural. aMtiya-antika-Near. paDinikkhama-pratiniSkam -To go out. ___50. II. socA nisamma-zrutvA nizamya-Having heard and listened. pAyattANiyAhivai-padAtyanIkAdhipati-General of the Infantry. meghogha-bheogha_A series of clouds. rasita-The thundering sound. mahura-madhura-Sweet. ullAlemANe-Nom. sing. from the pres. part. ullAlayan-tADayan-striking. ugghosemANe-Nom. sing. fr. the pres. part. uddhoSayan-Proclaiming. abhivaMdaeabhivandakaH. jANa-yAna-Conveyance. durUDha-ArUDha. akAlaparihInamWithout any loss of time. pAunbhavaha-prAdurbhavata-Imper. 2nd per. plural.; Appear; present yourself. 53. 12. ay of at@ etc. The construction is Locative Absolute. vimAna-Heavenly abode. nikkhuDa niSkuTa-Pleasuregrove, or harem. AvaDiya-Apatita. saha-zabda, (cf. sAda Mar). Correct the text to ghaMTA. paDisuyA-pratizrutA or : pratizruti-Echo;

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10] RAJAPRASNIYA SUTRA the resounding sound. saMkula-Crowded or filled with. yAvicApi. egata-ekAnta-Absolutely; too much. rai-rati-Pleasure. pasatta-prasakta-Addicted. nica-nitya. pamatta-pramatta-Intoxicated. mucchiya-mUcchita-Engrossed in. bola-(Desi )-Noise. paDibohaNapratibodhana--Awakening. kouhala-kutUhala-Curiosity; we also get kouhalla. kuUhala etc. dina-datta-P. P. P. uvauttamANasa-upayuktamAnasaWith their minds attentive, or properly employed. taMsi etc.. Loc. Absolute construction. haMta-A particle expressive of joy ( and sorrow also). vayaNaM-vacamam-Words. hiyasuhatthaM-hitasukhArtham . ANavaNiyA-AjJApanikA-Order. (55. 13) appegaiyA-apyekakA:-Some. vattiyAe-pratyayena-or better pravRttyA- with the intention of; pratyaya would mean. * Decision'. asuya-azruta-Unheard of. suNissAmo-Future Ist. per. plural from suNa, pasiNa-prazna. ( This is an instance of svarabhakti or the division of a conjunct by the addition of a vowel). vAgaraNa-vyAkaraNa-Explanation. pucchissAmo-Future Ist per. plural from puccha-to ask. ( P.56) aNuyattamANa-Pres.. part. from aNuyatta ( anu+vRt )-To comply with. anamannaManyo'nyam-Each other. Note the insertion of m in the compound. In the 3rd line correct the text to appegaiyA. ( Sutra 14 ) khaMbha-stambha-Pillar. Cp. khAMba Mar. saMniviTha - saMniviSTa - Supported on. lIlaTThiya-lIlAsthitaStanding gracefully. sAlabhaMjiyA-zAlabhaJjikA-Doll IzAmiyaIhAmRga-A wolf; or an artificial deer. usama-vRSabha-Bull; or RSabha-Bear. vAlaga-Serpent (vAlaka). haru-Deer. sarabha-zarabhaA fabulous animal, having eight legs and stronger than a lion; or a young elephant; or a camel. camara-A yak. kuMjaraElephant. pauma-padma-Lotus. bhatti-bhakti-Decoration, painting. vaira-bajra. veiyA-vedikA-Altar. jaMta-yantra-Mechanical contrivance.. juttaM-yuktaM- Accompanied by. accI-aciMsa-Ray. deg mAliNIyaMmAlinIkaM-Endowed with. rUvaga-rUpaka-Images; reflections..

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NOIES [H bhisamANaM-bhAsamAna-Shining; the Com. adds bhibbhisamANaM-dedIpyamAnam. cakkhulloyaNalesaM-cakSulokanalezya-Beautiful, attracting or arresting the eye. phAsa-sparza. sassirIya-sazrIka-Beautiful, glorious. ghaMTAvaliA row of bells. sara-svara-Sound. niuNa-nipuNa-Skilful. khaciyakhacita-Studded, or inset. misimisiMta-dedIpyamAna-Shining, or dazzling; cf. musamusaNe Mar. parikvitta-parikSipta-Surrounded. fafegoor-fa fitofExpansive. fagogife--Imper. 2nd per. sing. ___(57. 15) viuvviuM-Infinitive; (to create). papatte-pravRttaH-Began. tidisiM-tridizaM-In three directions. tao-trayaH-Three. sovANasopAna-Staircase. paDirUvaa-pratispaka-Beautiful. vaNNAvAsa-varNavyAsaA detailed description. (P. 58) paNNatta-prajJapta-Laid down ( by the prophets). NimmA-nemayaH or naimAH-Com. (and Dict. also)-Udhve nigacchantaH pradezA:-The raised ground; a sort of a pedestal. riha-A particular jewel. paihANa-pratiSTAna-Base, support. phalaga-phalaka-wooden plank. sUI-sUci-Nail; screw; (cp. suI Mar.). saMdhi-Joint. Correct the text to avalaMbaNabAhAo. purao-purataH-In front of. muttarovaciyA-muktA+antarA+upacitA-Set in with pearls in between. ari-Star. (P, 6r ) uppi-upari-Above. ahaTTa-aSTASTau-Eight. maMgalagAmaGgalakAni-The auspicious things. The eight auspicious things are placed in the sanctuaries and all sacred places, kiNha-kRSNa-Black; we also get kasiNa from kRSNa. jhaa-dhvaja. sukilaWhite (zukla).accha-Pure, clean. saha-lakSNa-Soft. ruppapaTTe-raupyapaTTaHHaving a silver cloth. jalaya-jalaja-A lotus ( growing on water). chattAicchatta-chatrAticchatra-Umbrellas upon umbrellas. jugalayugala-Pair. paDAgA-patAkA-Banner. uppala-utpala-A lotus. hatthahasta-samUha-Collection. kumuda-Etc. These are all different varieties of lotuses. anto-antaH -Within. aisama-Very level and smooth. ramaNija-ramaNIya-Charming.. (P. 63.) AliMga-Com. muraja-A drum. pukkhara-puSkara-The leather-surface ( which is stretched, and is, therefore,

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12 ] RAJAPRASNIYA SUTRA -quite even). 'i'-iti. The Com. reads paripUrNa before sarastalaMThe surface of a lake. 15-Orb. er-F. 87707-31173 Mirror. urama-urabhra-A ram. vasaha-vRSabha-Bull. varAha-Boar. a78-5719. f49. ET35-387-Goat. Fifaz-4797-Leopard. camma-carma-Hide, skin. saMku-zaMku-Screws. kIlaga-kIlaka-Nails. (cf. khiLA Mar.). vitaa-vitata-Stretched. Avarta etc. All these are the different characteristics of various precious stones. age-7992:-Full of splendour. Afs-aff-Rays. 361734- gaita-Dazzling light. f889-sliga-Red. grae-fr. (Efiar)Yellow; Cf. Eu Mar. 51234-stya:-Cloud. 3140-87579 - Black ointment or a jewel. TFT-999-The lamp-soot. -Collyrium; (cp. 131 Mar.). 7as-The horn of a buffalo. Ofeli-281-A cencentrated pill of the same. 377bhramara-A bee. Avali-A row. pataGga-Wings. sAra-Essence.addhAriThaA gem..45: $14:--The young one of a crow (and therefore very black). the Dict. does not note the word. TrasparabhRta-A cuckoo; kokilA is called parabhRta- Reared by others', because it is a belief that the cuckoos get their eggs incubated by the crows. As there is no difference in the eggs of the two birds, the crows do not find out that they are rendering a free service to others. 172-1757. 4547-Young one. 222--The Bakula tree. feitas D. A patch; cp. fora Mar. The Com, says the patch of sky which is free from clouds in autumn, looks very black'; probably by contrast with the rest of the sky which is white. Ha-ha-Pot. 3rd. per. sing. i suis AAS-ardag: qast:- This is not proper; it is not meet or fair to say so. Bjari-311953-54A1A1974-Merely for the sake of a simile, or comparison. The teacher says, that these objects are enumerated just to give you some faint idea of those gems. itto-Ablative sing. from idam (asmAt ).

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NOTES [ 13 itara-iSTatara; maNAma and maNugNa-manojJa-Charming. bhiMga-mRGga-A bee. Com. kITavizeSaH. patta-patra-Wing. ( P. 64. ) sue-zuka:-A parrot. cAsaH-cASaH-The blue Jay bird. nIlI-Indigo. bhedaH-A variety. sAmA-zyAmAka-A kind of corn. uccanta-Com. uccantako dantarAga:-The black tooth-paint called as dAMtavaNa in Mar. haladhara-The plough-bearer i. e. Balarama. vasana-Garment ; his garments were nIla. mora-mayara. gIvA-prIvA-Neck. ayasI-atasI ( aLazI Mar.); we also get alasI from atasI. ruhira-rudhira-Blood. indagovaindragopa-A red insect. divAyara -divAkara-The sun. bAla:-The early, rising sun. AHHT1TT-887197717-Ccolour of clouds in the evening during the rainy season. gujaddha-guMjAdha-The half of guMjA seed (which is red; the other half is black). jAsumiNajapAsumana; Cf. Mar. jAsvaMdI. pAliyAya-pArijAta. jAihiMgulae-jAtyahiGgalaka:-Excellent vermilion. pavAla-pravAla-Coral. lohiyakkhamaNIlohitAkSamaNi:-Ruby. lakkhArasa-lAkSArasa:-Lac*dye. kimirAga-kRmirAga-Scarlet; (kiramijI Mar.). cINapiDha-cInapiSTa-A variety of vermilion. rAsI-rAzi:-A heap. challI-D. svak-Bark or skin; cf. sAla Mar. bhedaH-A cut or rind in the tree. hariyAliyAharitAlikA-A yellow orpiment. ciura-cikura-Com. rAgadravyavizeSaHA particular cosmetic. nighasa-nikaSa-A touch-stone; or a line on the touchstone. (P. 65.) sippA-(ziprA ?): Shell. The Com. omits this. varapurise-varapuruSaH-Krisna or Visnu. kuhaNDiyA kUSmANDI. ( kohALe in Mar. ). ghoseDiyA-ghozAtakI-( ghosAvaLe in Mar.).. dahi-dadhi. sAraiya-zAradika-Autumnal. balAhae-balAhaka:-A cloud. dhaMta-dhyAta-Purified in fire. dhoya-dhauta-Washed and cleaned. piTTha-piSTa-floor; cf. pITha Mar. sukka-zuSka-Dried. chivADI or chevADI A plant which, when dried, becomes extremely white.. pihaNaM or pehaNaM-mayUrapicchaM-The peacock's feather. mijiyA-The central part of it which is very white. bhisa-bisa-The

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14] RAJAPRASNIYA SUTRA lotus-root. muNAliyA-mRNAlikA-Lotus-stem or fibre. dala-Petal, sea-zveta. (P.73) koha-koSTha-Com. gandhadravyam. puTa-Layer. elA-Cardamom plant. damaNA-damanaka-Cf. davaNA Mar. usIra-uzIra-A cool and fragrant plant; (Mar. vALA.) maruA-maruka-A plant. keyagIketakI ( kevaDA-Mar.). pADali-pATali-The trumpet-flower.kappUrakara-Camphor; kApUra Mar. aNuvAyaMsi-anuvAte-In a spot where the breeze in favourable. obhijamANa- udbhidyamAna-Being broken; Pres. part. from the passive. Similarly the other forms kuTayamAna, bhiyamAna, utkIryamANa, vikIryamANa, paribhujyamAna ( Being enjoyed), paribhAjyamAna- (Being shared ); saMhiMyamANa-Being tranferred. orAla-udAra-Noble. ghANa-ghrANa-Sense of smell. nivvui-nirvati-Satisfaction. (P. 73) AiNa-ajinaka-Deer-skin. rUe-(D.) Cotton. bUraA particular plant; probably its flowers were very soft. navanIta-Butter. haMsagarbhatUlI-Soft cotton used for beds. nicayaCollection. mahaM-mahat . picchAgharamaMDave-prekSAgRhamaMDapa:-An Assembly hall; A theatre. abbhuggaya-abhyudgata-Lofty. susiliTa-suzliSTa Well-arranged; well-fitted. laTTha-zlaSTa-Charming. saMThiya-saMsthitaShaped. suvibhatta-suvibhakta-Well-divided. (P. 74.) deg thbha-stUpa-Dome; pillar. cavalaM-capalam-Moving; (brightly dazzling). viNimmuyaMta-(vinirmuca ). Acc. sing. from the pres. part. lAulloiyamahiyaM-(D.) Smeared with cow.dung and white-washed. gosIsa-gozIrSa-A variety of sandal wood. sarasa-Fresh; ( full of juice ). daddara-dardara-Thick, profuse. paMcaMguli-paJcAGgali-Five fingers. paDiduvAra-pratidvAra. osatta-utsata Hanging up. vagdhAriya-D. pralambita-Suspended. malladAma-mAlyadAmaGarland. kalAva-kalApa-Collection; correct the text to maghamaghaMta (Line 8.) tuDiya-truTita-Musical instruments. acchara-apsaras . vikiNNa-vikIrNa-Scattered over with. ulloya-ulloka-Ceiling. akkhADaga-akSavATaka-(I) Gambling place, (2) Gymnasium; or

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NOTES [15 (3) An arena, or Casino. mahegaM-mahat+ekam. peDhiyA-pIThikADais; platform. tavaNijja-tapanIya-Burnished gold. cakkala-Slabs; (or a wooden seat ?); or probaly wheels. pAyasIsagaKnobs of the legs. jaMbUNaya-jAmbUnada-Gold. vecca-D. cim. tajAta; or hinges. (sa) sArasAra-Very precious. (P. 75) astharaga-astaraka-Covering. miu-mRdu-Soft; we also get mauya from mRdu; (Cp. mau Mar.). masUraga-masUraka-A circular seat or a pillow; ( something like giradI in Mar. ) Navataya - navatvak -( The tips of Kusa grass, which are fresh or newborn). liMba-D. AstaraNavizeSa- A particular covering. kesaraPollen of flowers. paccatthuya-pratyavastRta-Spread. rayattANa-rajastrANaCovering for dust. khoma-kSauma-Linen, or silk. dugulla-dukUla-A very fine silk garment; muslin. paDicchAyaNa-praticchAdana. rattaMsua-raktAMzuka-Red garment. saMvua-saMvRta-Covered. (P. 79) vijayadUsa-vijayadUSya-The Com. quotes the gloss on jovAbhigamasUtra-' vijayadUghyaM vastravizeSa iti' / amaya-amRta. mahiyamathita-Churned. pheNa-phena-Foam. saMnigAsa-saMnikAza-Resembling. aMkusa-aGkaza--Com. akuzAkAram-Something like a hook, for hanging garlands on, gifter-or gr71 (0)-A particular measure in magadha, tadaddhaccattapamANehi-tadarboccatvapramANaiH-Having half the measurements of these. laMbUsaga-A ball-like golden ornament. payaraga-prataraka-Leaves; or suvarNaprataraka-A golden circular leaf-like ornament. maMDiyAMga-maMDitAna-With its top decorated. asaMpatta-asaMprApta or asaMpRkta. vAehi-vAtai:-By winds or breezes. maMdAya maMdAya-Adv. mandaM mandam-Slowly, gently. eija. mANa-or ejamANa-Pres. part. from A+i. palaMbamANa-pralaMmbamAnaHanging, suspended. pejjaMjamANa-Com. zadvAyamAnAni-Making sound; but this word is not noted in the Dict. V. L. pajjhaMjhamANa has the same meaning. ApUremANA-ApUryamANa-Filling. avaruttareNaM-aparottareNa-To the north-west. bhaddAsaNa-bhadrAsana-The auspicious seat. ,

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16] RAJAPRASNIYA SUTRA (P. 80) dAhiNapurathimeNaM-dakSiNapUrvasyAm-To the south-east. abhitara-abhyantara-Internal ; inner. majjhima-madhyama-Middle. Line 5 Correct the text to degpaJcatthimeNa. bAhira-bAhya-Outer. bArasa-dvAdazaTwelve. Ayarakkha-AtmarakSa- Body-guard. airuggaya-acirodgataNewly arisen. hemantiya-haimantika-Autumnal. bAlasUriya-bAlasUryaNewly rising sun. khayariMgAla-khadirAGgAra-Burning embers of Khadira wood.ratti-rAtrau. pajaliya-prajvalita. javA-japA. saMkusumitaFlowered. (83-16) antie-antike-Near. ( P. 84) durUha-AruhU. uttarilla-Situated to the north. patteyaM-pratyekam-Each. punvaNatthehi-pUrvanyasteSu-Placed before. avasesa-avazeSa-Remaining. ahANupuTavIe-yathAnupUrvyam-In due order. saMpatthiya-saMprasthitaStarted. dasaNaraiyA-darzanaratikA:-Of agreeable sight. Aloya -Aloka-Sight; for the difference between the two see Com. vejayantI-vaijayantI-A victorious banner; or vaijayantI is the name of a flower. Usiya-ucchita-High. aNuliha-anulikha-To scratch; (Sky-scraping ). bhisaMta-bhAsamAna-Shining. samussiyaM-samucchrita-Lofty. AyabattaM-Atapatram-Umbrella. pAuyAjoyapAdukAyoga-Pair of wooden shoes. samAutta-samAyukta-Endowed with. kiMkarAmara-(amarakiMkara)-God-servant. saMpatthiya-saMprasthita-started. (P. 85) parighaTTa-parighRSTa-Well-polished or cleaned. magmRSTa-Cleaned; polished. supaiTia-supratiSThita-Well-arranged; properly placed. kuDabhI-kuTabhI-Small banner. tuMga-Lofty. siharazikhara-Peak. mahaimahAlaya-mahat+mahat-Very big; huge. mahiMdajjhaamahendradhvaja-A banner in honour of Indra. Nevattha nepathya-Dress. parikacchiya-parikakSita-Fastened. bhaDa-bhaTa-warrior. caDagara & pahagaraare Desi words in the sense of a group' or collection'. saehiM-svakai:- vida-vRnda-Group. NejjAehiM-(2) The word is not noted in the Dict. The Com. omits the bracketed portion. Line 12. Correct the text to raveNaM.

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NOTES [17 (88. 17 ) kaDhijjamANa - kRSyamANa - Being carried. Pres. part. fr. the passive of kar3a ( kRSa ). majjhamajjheNa - madhyaM madhyena - Through the heart of. jui-dyuti - Splendour aNubhAva - anubhAva - Prowess. uvadasemANe - upadarzayan - Displaying. nijjANamagga-niryANamArga -- Exit. viggaha - vigraha - Com. 'krAma; Dict. spiral or circular movement. ovayamANe - avapatan - Descending vIIvayamANe- vyatitrajan - Crossing. paDisAhara - pratisaM+ha--To withdraw. paDisaMkheva - pratisaM + kSip -- To contract. (P. 89. ) Thavei - sthApayati- Places Present causal third per. sing. paJccoruha- pratyavaruh - To descend. (Sutra 18 ) Correct the text to 'sUriyAbhA. ' ( Page 90) pacchA-pazcAt- . Afterwards. Cf. Guj pachi sAiM- svAni. Adeza for kath. sAha - An ( Sutra 19 ) NazcAsaNe - na + atyAsanna:- Not very near. NAidUrena+atidUre - Not very far. To sit too near the preceptor is a sign of impertinence, while to sit at a great distance is indifference. sussUsamANe- zuzrUSamANaH - Lit. Desirous of listening; with great difference. abhimuhe - abhimukha:- Facing. paMjaliuDe - prAJjalipuTa :- With his hands folded. ( 92.20 ) jAmeva disiM Etc. - yAmeva dizaM prAdurbhUtA tAmeva pratigatA - Went away toward the direction from which it had come; dispersed. ( Sutra 21 ) uThAe uTThei - utthayA uttiSTati; utthA - Com. utthAnam; but it should be understood in the sense of a jerk,' and rendered by briskly. ' * * He got up quickly, ' or ' He sprang up to his feet quickly. ' bhavasiddhiebhavasiddha : or bhavya:- One who is destined to get salvation, (though it might be after numerous births). Souls are divided into two categories - ( 1 ) bhavyas and (2) abhavyas. sammaddiTThI - samyagdRSTi:- One possessing Right faith. samyaktva or Righteousness is the seed ( bIja ) of the tree of mokSa. micchAmithyA - False parittasaMsArie - parIta saMsAra :- Whose transmigratory

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18] RAJAPRASNIYA SUTRA existence is limited. paritta-parimita-Limited. aNaMta-anaMtaInfinite. sulahabohie-sulabhabodhika:-1 whose case enlightenment is easy. dulaha- durlabha. ArAhae-ArAdhakaH .Propitiator. virAhaevirAdhakaH-Offender. carime-caramaH-.Com. One who is destined to get salvation in the next birth; one who is in his penultimate birth. ( P. 93) jANaha-jAnItha-Pres. 2nd per. plural. pAsaha-pazyatha. bhAva-Modification. pugvi-pUrvam - Before. After. laddha-labdha. patta-prApta. abhisamannAgaya-abhisamanvAgataAttained. bhattipuvvagaM-bhaktipUrvakam-With devotion. samaNa -zramaNaMonk. faritay-get-One who has cut off all worldly ties; a Jain Monk. battIsaibaddhaM-dvAtriMzadvaddhaM-V. L. degvidhaM -Divided into thirtytwo types. naTTa-nATya-Dramatic performance; or Dance. uvadaMsittae-upadarzayitum-To display; Inf. from the causal. ( Sutra 23 ) ADhAi-Adriyate-Respects. pariyANa-fr. pari+jJA-(parijAnAti )-To acknowlege; Mahavira showed that he did not even hear the words of Suryabha. tusiNIetUSNIkam-Silent. saMciTTha-satiSTha-To stand. docca -dviH or dvitIyaM vAramFor the second time. (Page 94 ) vaNNao-varNaka:-A set description. ulloyaulloka-Ceiling. Aloe paNAma karei-Aloke praNAmaM karoti-Salutes him within sight; i.e. as soon as he sees Mahavira; it is an orthodox method of salutation and is current even now. aNujANau-anujAnAtu- Mayr permit; Imper. 3rd per. sing. tappaDhamayAe-tatprathamam -In the first instance. mahariha-mahAha-Precious. pIvara-Fat; plump. dAhiNa-dakSiNaRight. bhuyaM-bhujam -Arm. pasArei-prasArayati-Stretches; Causal present 3rd per. sing. sarisaya-sadRza-Similar. sarittaya-sahakavaca Having similar skin. jovvaNa-yauvana-Youth. Cp. jobana ( H. ) vasaNa-vasana-Garment. Nijjoa-niyoMga-Requisites; the necessary

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NOTES articles. duhao-dvidhAta: - On both the sides. saMvaliya-saMvalitaTurned round; tucked in. V. L. saMvelliya-saMvRta. niyattha-nyastaPlaced, or fata-Dressed. enfa-Fastened; put on. faThe tilaka mark on the forehead. Amela- ApIDa - The crestgarland; ornamental head-dress. piNiddha - pinaddha - Put on. vijjagraiveyaka-Neck- ornaments; necklace. kaMcuya-kaMcuka - Under-garment; bodice. uppIliya- utpIDita - Fastened, tied cittapaTTacitrapaTTa : - A spotted piece of cloth. pariyara - parikara - Skirt . saphenakAvarta - Com. yasminnAvartane phenavinirgamo bhavati saH saphenakAvarta ucyate / Probably it was a peculiar white foamy dress, having folds. saMgata - In keeping with ; har monius; matching. citta-citra - Variegated cillalagaM (D.) Shining; brilliant niyaMsaNa- nivasana - Dress. Filled with; completely equipped with. candacha - candrArdha - The half or crescent-moon. from lalATa (forehead ); we also get niDAla; Cf. niDhaLAcA ghAma. soma - saumya - Gentle. daMsaNa- darzana. ukkA - ulkA - Meteor. ujjove - mANa- udyotamAna - Shining. siMgArAgAra-zRGgArAkAra - Amorous appea rance; charming exterior saMlAva-saMlApa - Conversation. uvayAraupacAra-Formality, courtesy. Aujja-Atodya- Musical instrument. parihatya D. - pUrNa - caMdANaNA- candrAnanA. nilADa - Irregular [ 19 (Page 95 ) saMkhavAya- zaMkhavAdaka - Blower of conch. siMga - zRGga. peyA - mahatI kAhalA. For the rest see Com. egUNapaNNa- ekonapaJcA zat Forty-nine. AujjavihANAI - AtodyavidhAnAni - Different types of musical instruments. vidhAna - Type. kAyantraM - kartavyam -- Pot. pass. part. form lines. (Page 96) Correct the text to samosaraNa - samavasaraNa. paMti - paGkti - Line; series. paMti baMdha-To paMtio namasaMti etc. - Bowed down in a line. samAmevaNote the lengthening - samameva - Simultaneously. sahiyA meva-sahitameva - Together. thimiyAmeva- sthimitameva - Steadily; slowly. oNama - avanam -To bend; Cf. oNavA Mar. pavAe su - ( pravaditavantaH ) - Past

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20 ] RAJAPRASNIYA SUTRA tense, 3rd. per. plural; similarly 716E- aana:), and more fag-SITTI. GROT-JTA1-By chest, art and faar-Higher and higher pitch. Ten-(?)- TF-Humming. 879#-Straight. 987-Cave. Jak-3916-Concealed; and then filling up. 79-76-Impassioned. JT-F977. See Com. Correct the text to vaMsa (l. I0.). laya- Beating. gaha-praha-rasavizeSa-A particular sweet note. fafaz-fifua-Com. the repetition of notes. gafa-Having a good. end, or cadence. graJGara-Being blown, The Com. notes- 3751 pa Stifu agt saptamyarthe / AhamaMta-AhanyamAna. apphAlijjamANa AsphAlyamAna. tAla-tADaya. For the rest of the verbs see Com. (Page 97) B162737- Baga. 675379-3715347AE-Full of excitement. 4675HPdeg42-Full of revelry or merry din; or the sound of asking questions like * How do you do'? TTA-A sport of gods. 949-527-Started. The first type of Dance is displayed by dancing like the figures of the Eight Auspicious things. The Com. remarks that all these different types of dancing performances are obscure and cannot be satisfactorily explained, as the treatises wherein they were thoroughly explained are lost to us. (111. 24.) H1f01261-8f0aat-Should said, or repeated. 37198 etc. see Com. In line 4 correct the text to gafe. These are the names of the different kinds of gems. TELE-TQa-Each. Line 10 correct the text to SafHT. 097317-5#a:-On one side. Est-:. TE- The Com. omits the bracketed portion as well as the first clause. quic-2559134-Going round in a circle. qfauf-9fifttiDivision. valiyAvali-The Com. reads valayAvali-A row of bracelets. SINA-3579-Rising. ( P. 112 ) 8717TU - Veiling, obscuring. caMdrAvaraNa-Probably an eclipse of the moon. asthamaNa

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NOTES [ 21 astamana - Setting. jakkha yakSa - A demigod. rakkhasa-rAkSasa. mahoragaA great serpent. usabha - vRSabha - A bull, or RSabha - A bear. laliyalalita - Graceful. vakkanta - avakrAntam - Walking, gait. vilambiya-vilambita - Name of a peculiar dance. duyavilambiya - drutalimbita - ( This is also the name of a metre); this name occurs in the kandukanRtya in dazakumAracarita. Ch. VI. sAgara - The ocean. nAgara-Citizen. nandA - ( 1 ) Name of a puSkariNI; or (D) a cow. caMpA - Name of a plant katti kakAra - Probably they arranged themselves like the letters ka, kha etc. aMba - Amra. aMciyaMaMcita - A kind of dance; similarly ribhita etc. uppaya-utpAta - Jumping up. nivaya-nipAta - Jumping down pasAriya-prasAritaStretched, expanded. The Com. omits. Correct the text to revaya-(D.)-A salutation. pubvabhava - pUrvabhava - Previous birth. cariya-carita - History. cavaNa - cyavana - Fall ( from the heaven ). saMharaNa - Removal. This refers to the removal of the embryo from the womb of devAnandA ( who was a Brahmin lady to the womb of trizalA - (a Ksatriya lady ). abhiseaabhiSeka - The coronation ceremony of the prophets immediately after their birth, which is performed by and other gods, on the mountain meru, nikkhamaNa - niSkramaNa - Renunciation. NAppA - jJAnotpAda: - Rise of kevalajJAna. tittha tIrtha - The Order. pavattaNa-pravartana - Propagating, preaching. parinivvANa-parinirvANa _Final_liberation; Salvation. carima- carama - Last. caubvihacaturvidha - Four-fold. vAitaM - vAditra - Musical instruments. tataStretched; vitata - Fully stretched. susira- zuSira - Hollow. See Com. for utkSiptam - etc. P. 114. abhiNaya-abhinayaActing. The four abhinayas are: dArzantika, prAtyantika, sAmAnyatovinipAtaM, and lokamadhyAvasAnika. The Com. remarks: These should be ascertained from people skilled in the histrionic art ! (Sutra 25 ) paDisAhara - pratisaMhR - To withdraw. khaNeNaM-kSaNena

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22] RAJAPRASNIYA SUTRA Within a moment. ekabhUtaH-Became one. All those magic creations vanished. (118. 26) kahi-ka-Where; (Cf. kahA~ H.) keNaTeNaM-kena bhardhanaOn what grounds ? How ? vuccai-ucyate-Pres. pass. 3rd. per. sing. kUDAgAra-kUTAkAra-Of the shape of a mountain peak. sAlA-zAlA-A building. litta-lipta-Smeared. gutta-gupta-Guarded; well-secured. duvAra-dvAra; we also get duAra, dAra and bAra from the same. NivAya-nivAta-Free from wind. adUrasAmaMte-Neither far nor too near; adUre and asAmaMte. vAsa-varSA-Shower or rain. ijjamANa-Pre. part. from i. aNupavisittA-anupravizya-(Gerund) Having entered. teNaTheNaM-tena arthena-On that analogy. (124. 27.) rayaNappabhA-ratnaprabhA-Name of one of the Seven earths uDaDhaM-Urdhvam. candima-candramasa. sUriya (or sUra)-sUrya. pAINaprAcIna-Eastern; paDINa-pratIcIna-Western. Aaya-Ayata-Stretched; expanded. udINa-udaka-North. saMThANa-saMsthAna-Shape. saMThia-saMsthitaShaped. aJcimAli-acirmAlI-The Sun; (lit. one who possesses rays). bhAsa ( Com. omits it) : Brilliance; or it can also be from bhasma. rAsi-rAzi-Heap. vapNAbha-varNAbha-Resembling in colour etc. AyAma-Lengh. viSkambha-Breadth. parikkheva-parikSepaCircumference. bhavantIti makkhAya-bhavantIti+AkhyAtam. Note the insertion of 'm'. L. 20 correct the text to vaDisae. vaDisaaavataMsaka-An ornament; or a particular palace. (P. 125.) paNNatta-prajJapta-Laid down; said to be. addhaterasaardhatrayodaza-Twelve and a half; ( lit. half less than thirteen). guNayAlIsa-ekonacatvAriMzat-Thirty nine. bAvanaM-dvipazcAzat . Fifty two. aDayAla-aSTacatvAriMzat-Forty eight. Cp. Mar. ekUNa cALIsa, bAvana, aThecALIsa etc. tini-trINi-Three. uccatteNa-ucatvenaIn height. mUle-At the bottom. uppi-upari-At the top. paNavIsa-paJcaviMzati-Twenty five. saMkhitta-saMkSipta-Contracted, narrow. taNue-tanuka-Slender, small. gopuccha-Cow's tail. kavisIsama-kapizIrSaka-Cornice. desaNaM-dezonam-A quarter less ( than a

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[23 NOTES yojana); ( three-fourths of a yojana ). bAhA-Wing. aDAinaardhatRtIya-Two and a half. (Cp. aDIca Mar.). tAvaiyaM ceva-tAvadeva-The same number of yojanas etc. (P. 126) sUi-sUciNeedle or screw. koTTima-kuSTima-Floor set in with mosaic or jewels. haMsaganma-iMsagarbha-A variety of gems. elayA-elukAThreshold. gomeja-A kind of gem. iMdakIla-indrakIla-A bolt (of the door); or a banner of Indra (Apte's dict.) dAraceDIo-Com. dvArazAkhA-Part of the door. joIrasa-jyotIrasa-Name of a jewel. uttaraMga-uttarAGga-The upper part. samuggaya-samudgakaGenerally it means a box, or a casket; the Com. explains it as zUcikAgRhANi, aggalA-argalA-The wooden bar (what is called as aDasara in Mar. ). aggalApAsAya-argalAprAsAda:-Com. 'yatra argalA niyamyate'-The place where the bolt is fixed. AvattaNape. DhiyA-AvartanapIThikA-Com. yatra indrakIlako bhavati-A particular raised seat or platform. aMkuttarapAsagA-aMkottarapArzvakANi-Com. aGkaratnamayAni uttarapArthA yeSAM dvArANAm...etc. With their upper sides made of Anka jewels. nirantariya-nirantarita-Without any creviec; close. ghana-Thick. kavADa-kapATa-Door; (Cp.Mar kavADa ). bhittiguliyA-bhittigulikA:-Balls in the wall; gulikA also means perfumed matter. chappanna-SaTpaJcAzat-Fifty-six; (Cp. chappana Mar.) gomANasiyA-gomAnasikA:-Beds, or sofas. taiyA-tAvanmAtrA:- The same number. kuDyA-Com. kUDomADabhAgaH. kuDyA-wall. usseha-Com. ucchayaH-Top. paMjara-Cage. jAlapaJjara-Lattice-work. vaMsaga vaMzaka-Bamboos. bhoma-bhauma fr. bhUmi. pakkha-pakSa. vaMsakavelluyASmall bamboos placed crosswise on large ones. ohADaNIavaghATinI-A particular door bolt. puJchaNA-puMchanI Some thick covering of grass etc. seya-zveta. AcchAyaNa-AcchAdana-Covering. kUDa-kUTa-zikhara-Peak or top. saMkhatala-The surface of a conch. gokhIra-gokSIra-Cow's milk. nigara-nikara-Collection. anto antaH-From within; bahi-bahi:-From without. vAluyA-vAlukASand. patyaDA-prastRtA-Spread over with. THHTHHHH HTHHTHHHHHI

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24 ] RAJAPRASNIYA SUTRA ( Page 132 ) pAsa pArzva - Side nisIhiyA - naiSedhikI - A seat. Probably what is called as as in Mar. (P. 133 ) kalasa - kalaza - A pitcher; (Cp. kaLazI Mar. ) paDi puNNa pratipUrNa - Filled with caccA carcA - Smearing the body with unguents. iMdakumbha - A big pitcher. nAgadaMta - Ivory, tusks of an elephant parivADI- paripATI - Series. antara- Inside. Usiya-utsRtaCom. lambamAna- Suspended. gavakkha - gavAkSa - Window khikhiNIkiGkiNI - Small bells. abhinisiha-abhiniHsRSTa - Protruding. tiriyatiryak-Oblique, cross-wise. ahe - adhas - Below. pannaga - A serpent. samaNAuso zramaNAyuSman - O Long-lived monk. vaTTa-vRtta - Circular.laMbUsaga - Pendent sikkaga or sikkaka - A woven rope-hanger; ( what is called as zirke in Mar. ) dhUvaghaDI - dhUpaghaTI - Incense-pot. (Page 134 ) sAlabhaMjiyA - zAlabhaJjikA - Doll muTThi muSTi - Fist. gijjha grAhya. majjha-madhya - Waist. * Whose waists were so slender that they could be held in the fists. Amela- ApIDa - Crestornament. abbhuNNaya - abhyunnata - Raised; exuberant pIna - Fat; plump. paohara - payodhara-Bosom. rakta-rakta- Red. avaMga - apAMga - Corner. asiya-asita - Black, ( lit. not white ). viSaya vizadaClear, not entangled pasattha- prazasta - Auspicious. lakkhaNa-lakSaNaSign, mark. saMvelliya - saMvellita or saMvalita- Curled siraya- ziroja - Hair. agga - agra - Top, end. sAlA- zAkhA - Branch. addhacchi-arghAkSiThe half- ( closed ) - eye. kaDakkha- kaTAkSa - Side-long glance. lUsamANIo - (lUSayantyaH ) - Harassing, teasing the hearts ( of the_onlookers). khejja or khijjamANa - khidyamAnA:- Teasing ( one another ); Cf. khijaviNeM Mar. puDhavi - pRthvI pariNAma - Result. pRthvIpariNAma - Made of earth. Correct the text to sAsayazAzvata - Eternal. Though Made of earth, they were eternal. vijju - vidyut ; ( cf. vIja Mar. ) miriya - marIci -Rays. ( 138. 28 ) jAlaka Daga - jAlakaTaka-Com. jAlakakIrNo ramyasaMsthAnaH pradezavizeSa:- A particular charming latticed spot. (Page 139) lAlA - the gong (of the bell ) saMkhalA - zRGkhalA.

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NUTES [25 rajju-Rope. ohassarA oghasvarA-Having a continuous sound. ogha-pravAha (or sAtatya ). meha-megha-Cloud. sIha-siMha-V. L. Com. haMsa. duMduhi-dundubhi-Drum. kuMca-krauca. nandi-Com. dvAdazavidhatUryasbaraH-The harmonious sound of twelve musical instrutments; Orchestra. maMju-Sweet. duma-druma-Tree. kisalaya-Sprouts. samAula-samAkula-Crowded with. chappaya-SaTpada-Bee. paribhujamANaparibhujyamAna-Being enjoyed. sohanta-zobhamAna. pagaMThaga-prakaNThakaCom. pIThavizeSa- A particular platform, or Dais. paNavIsaMpaJcaviMzati- Twenty five. bAhala-bAhalya-Thickness. pahasiyAprahasitA- Full of laughter, gay; this is a transferred epithet; the people inside were gay. The Com. splits the words as prabhA&sitA. jAlaMtarayaNa-The com. reads this as a different sentence. paMjara-cage. paJjaronmIlita-Shining through a cage. ( Page 140) pauma-padma. hatthaga-hastaka-Collection. saghADa saMghATa-A pair; Com. 'saMghATazadbo yugmavAcI.' vIhI-vIthi:Two rows; paMtI-pakti :-A line or row. mihuNa-mithuna-A couple. ( See the Com. for the difference in meaning ). kusumiya-kusumita-Flowered akkhaya-akSata; Com. omits the word. disAsovatthiya-dikasauvastika-Com. dikaprokSaka-Dict.A dakSiNAvarta svastika. bhiMgAra-bhRGgAra-Earthen vessel. Agii-AkRti. muha-mukha. AyaMsa-Adarza-A mirror. Note the insertion of the nasal. suraya-? The Com. omits the word and the Dict. also does not note it. aNu ghasiya-anavadharSita-Not scratched. Correct the text to chAyAe. paDinigAsa-pratinikAza-sadRza. addhakAyaadha kAyasya-ardhakAyaH-Half the body. ( Page 141) vairanAbhathAlA-bajranAbhasthAle or (deg lAni ). sthAlaPlates. vajranAbha-Com. vajramayo nAbhiH yayoste / Plates having diamonds in the centre. ticchaDiya-tricchaTita-Thrice-thrashed; (chaTa-Mar. saDaNe); with the husk removed. Nakha-nakha; the Com. says-nakhAH sandaSTA muzalAdibhiH yeSAM te / 'nakha'

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26] RAJAPRASNIYA SUTRA is to be taken in the sense of chaff or husk, difesa Com. reads saMda8. cakavAla-cakavAla or cakra-Wheel. pAI-pAtrISmall vessel. parihattha D. Filled with. acchodaka-Pure water. hariyaga-haritaka-Green (leaves etc. ). gokaliMjara-The trough, or manger (in which fodder is served to cattle). supaiTasupratiSThaka-AdhAravizeSa:-Supports; or probably tripods etc. bhaMDabhANDa-Articles. viraiya-viracita-Arranged. maNaguliyAo-manogulikA Com. pIThavizeSa--A particular platform, or raised seat.. phalaga-phalaka-Planks ; boards. sutta-sUtra-Thread. gavacchiya D.AcchAdita-Covered with; Com. takes it as gavacchikAH; gavacchA-Covering. vAyakaraga-vAtakaraka-Pitchers filled with air, i.e. empty vessels. rayaNakaraMDaga-ratnakaraNDakA:-Jewelled caskets. phaliha-sphaTikaCrystal. rano-rAjJaH-Gen. sing. cAuraMtacakkavaSTi-caturaMtacakravartinSovereign monarch of the entire universe.caturantA-The earth. cAuraMta-Also means saMsAra. paccoyaDaD.-AcchAdita-Covered. sAesvayA. pahA-prabhA-Lustre. obhAsai-avabhAsayati-Illumines. (Page. 142 ) hayakaNThA-Com. hayakaNThapramANau ratnavizeSo / evaM sarve'pi kaNThA vAcyAH / i. e. they were some gems of the size of the neck of a horse and so on. Or these were probably the figures of the faces of different animals. caMgerI-D. Wicker-basket. cuNNa-cUrNa-Perfumed powder. siddhatya-siddhArtha-White mustard. lomahattha-lomahasta-A broom of feathers (generally peacock's feathers). fafout 311-afforzar-Corner. salAgA-zalAkA-Bar; rod. dahara-dardara-A pitcher, whose mouth is covered with leather, or cloth; see Com. malaya-i.e. malayajacandana. savvouya-sarvartuka-Pertaining to all seasons. sIgalazItala. caMdAgAra-candrAkAra. uvamA-upamA-Comparison. khaciya-khacitaStudded with. daNDa-Handle. valliya-Curved; Com. omits this word. suhama-sUkSma-Soft, fine. dIha-dIrgha. vAla-Hair; (cf. bAlaH.). tella-tela. tailasamudraka-Jars filled with scented oils. kohakoSTha-A kind of perfume. patta-patra-Leaves kept in vessels,

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[27 .. NOTES Pot-pourri. Similarly tagara, elA, haritAla, hiGguluka, manaHzilA and aJjana are various fragrant things. . (151. 29) jhaya-dhvaja-A flag. sauNi-zakuni-A bird; piccha-A feather. seya-zveta- White. cauvisANa--caturviSANa visANa Elephant's tusks. keu-ketu-Banner. puvvAvara-pUrvApara-East and west. asI-azIti-Eighty. paNNA-paJcaSaSTiH-Sixty-five. bhomabhauma -A place like a city; a suburb; or probably a palace (?); Com. viziSTAni sthAnAni. uttamAgAra-uttamaH i. e. uparitanaH AkAra: The Com. notes the V. L. ' uvarimAgArA' The topmost part. sattivaNNa-saptaparNa-Name of a tree. cUyaga-cUtaka-(Amra)Mango. caudisiM-caturdizam-In the four directions. abAhAeabAdham-Without a break; continuously; at a stretch. vaNasaMDa-vanaSaMDa-A forest-grove. ___ (Page 152). sAirega-sAtireka-A little more. patteyaM-pratyekameach. pAgAra-prAkAra-Rampart, wall. kiNhobhAsa-kRSNa+avabhAsaBlack sheen. (156. 31. ) yavva-jJAtavya-Pot. pass. part. Should be known. jahakkama-yathAkramam-In due order. taNa-tRNa-Grass. cAliyacAlita-P. P. P. fr. the causal. phaMdiya-spandita. kerisa-kIdRza-Of what sort. saha-zabda- Sound. sIyA-zibikA-A palanquin. saMdamANI-syandamAnI-A rolling conveyance ; (very comfortable one). raha-ratha. heman-gold. hemavaya-haimavata-Belonging to, or growing on the Himawat Mountain. tiniza-A tree. nijjuttaniyuka-Made of; prepared from. dAru-Wood. dhurA-dhura-Yoke. kAlAyasa-Iron. sukya-pukRta-Properly manufactured. Neminemi-Rim, or the felly of a wheel. AiNNa D. jAtyazva-A noble steed; the Com. takes it as AkIrNa-guNaiH vyApta-Full of noble qualities. saMpautta-saMprayukta-Yoked; harnessed. chea-cheka-Skilled. sArahi-sArathi-Charioteer. susaMpaggahiyasusaMpragRhIta-Well-taken; i.e. with the reigns in proper control. sara-zara-Arrow. battosa-dvAtriMzata-Thirty-two. toNa -

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28] RAJAPRASNIYA SUTRA tUNa-Quiver. kaNTaka:-kavacam-Armour. avataMsa-Com. zekhara. Top; i. e. it was properly covered with an armour at the top. paharaNa-praharaNa-Weapon. AvaraNa-Covering. bhariya -mRta-Filled. jujjha-yuddha Cf. jhuMja Mar. sajjha-saja-Ready. abhikkhaNaM-abhIkSNam-(Adv. ) Incessantly; always. abhighaTTijjamANa -abhighaTyamAna-Being struck against : Pres. part. fr. the pass; similarly. niyahijamANa-nivartyamAna-Being turned around. veyAlIya-vaitAlika-A bard. uttaramandA-madhyamagrAma kI eka mUrcchanA (Dictionary, pAiasahamahaNNava ). mUrcchanA is a part of music; i. e. when the lute was played to the particular music. aGka-Lap. koNa.-D. A fiddlestick. pariyaTTiya-parivartitaStirred; set in motion. puvvrttaavrttkaalsmyNsi-puurvraatr+aprraatr| kAlasamaye-At the close of the first part of the night and in the Heginning of the latter half; i.e.at the hour of midnight, maMdAyaAdv. mandam Gently. Correct the text to nivvuikarA. nandanavanaIndra's paradise. gaccha or kaccha ?-( mountain) side; or range. sapanAgaya samanvAgata-Come. samuvaviTha-samupaviSTa- Seated. pamuiya-pramuditaRejoicing. pakkIliya-prakrIDita-Playing, sporting. gaja-gadya. panja-padya. katthaM-kathyam-Chronicles. geyaM-Something which could be sung. paya-pada. pAya-pAda. sattasara-saptasvara's viz. the SaDja, RSabha, gAMdhAra etc. or which are known as sA, re, ga, ma, pa, dha, nI and sA. cha-SaT-Six. vippamuka vipramukta-Free from; for the six faults in singing, see Com. ekArasa-ekAdaza-Eleven. gaha-graha-Com. rasavizeSaH. mahura-madhura-Sweet. samam-Harmonious; being sung to the beat of time. (Page 158) suNai-sunati-Having a good cadence. So, just as this sound might be very pleasant and charming, similarly the sound of those jewels and the blades of grass also was charming. (Sutra 32) tatthatatra. tahi-tasmin. khuDDa-kSudra-Small. khuDDAkhuDDiyAo-kSudrakSudrakA:-Very small. vAvI-vApI-well. pukkhariNI-puSkariNI-Tank. dIhiyA-dIrghikAA well-built well. gujAliyA-guMjAlikA-Com. vakrA nadI-A zigzag

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NOTES [29 stream; ( see Com. for the different shades of ) aNuputra - AnupUrvyasaMchanna- Covered, meaning ). sara- saras - Lake. paMti - paGki - Row. kUla - Bank. pAsANapASANa. tala- Surface. sunbha-zubhra vAluyA vAlukA - Sand. phAliya- sphaTika Crystal. oyAra - avatAra - Descent; ford; (the word is used in Guj. in the same sense). uttAra - Ascent; the Ghat. caukkoNacatuSkoNa - Four-cornered; ( cf. caukona Mar. In due order. gaMbhIra - Deep. sIyala-zItala - Cool bhisa-bisa- Lotus-fibres. muNAla- mRNAla - Lotus stalk, kesara - Pollen, phulla - Full-blown paribhujjamANa - Pres, part. fr. the pass, of pari + bhuja - Being enjoyed, or drunk. Asavoyaga - Asavodaka - Filled with the water of nectar. uyaga-udaka. The Com, reads a. few compounds more before this. khora ? probably it should be khIra, ghaa - ghRta. khIra-kSIra - Milk. khAra- kSAra - Salt uppAyapavvayagA-utpAta parvatakA :- Where the gods and goddesses come and enjoy, having first assumed different bodies. niyainiyatiparvatakA:-Com, naiyatyena vyavasthitAH parvatA : V. L. niyaya niyata * - Which were the permanent resorts for pleasure. jagai -- jagatIparvatAH. dAruijja0 - dArumayaparvata - Artificial mountains made of wood. dagamaMDava- dakamaMDapa :- sphATika: maMDapa : - Crystal-bower. dagamaMDava also means a bower where water is dripping from above. dagaNAlaga or V. L. mAlaga - not noted in the Dict, ( Page 159.) daba maJcaka - A crystal sofa, or couch. usaDDa D. utsRta-Lofty or high. khuDDa - kSudra -Low. aMdolaga - AMdolaka - A swing. These various seats had different carvings on them. uNNaya-unnata-Lofty. paNaya - praNata - Bent. AliyagharagA-AlikagRhakANiBowers of Ali- creepers, AlI - A particular creeper; similarly mAlI - creepers, kayalI - kadalI - Plantain-creeper . acchaNa0avasthAnagRham-A rest - house, picchaNa0- prekSaNagRha - Theatre. maMDanagRhaToilet-apartment pasAhaNa-prasAdhana - Decoration; putting on ornaments. garbhagRha - Inner part of the house, mohaNadhara - mohanagRhaPlaces used for Love's Sport, sAlaghara - zAlAgRha - Com, paTTazAlA O 0

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30] RAJAPRASNIYA SUTRA pradhAnaM gRham / jAlagRham-A house having latticed windows. AyaMsa0-AdarzagRha-Mirror-palace, jAi-jAtI. yUthikA etc.-Names of various plants. maMsala-mAMsala-Thick and soft. ghuTa ghRSTa-Polished. Asayanti-Asate. nisIya-niSIda-To sit. tuyaha-tvamvata -To roll. lalaTo behave at pleasure. kiTa-kIrtaya-To talk, moheMti-mohanti maithunasevAM kurvanti-Enjoy pleasures, purA-Ancient, former. suciNNasucIrNa-Well-practised. supaDikkanta-supratikrAnta or Com. parAkAntaWell-performed. subha (or suha also ) zubha- Auspicious. vivAyavipAka-Ripening, result, paJcaNubbhavamANA-pratyanubhavantaH-Experiencing. Nom. plural from the pres, part. ( 170. 33) palioma-(or generally paliovama) chiiyA-palyopamasthitikA:- Having the duration of life of one palyopamA. It is measured thus : Take a well of hundred yojanas in every dimension; then it should be so densely packed with fine and smooth hair, that if a river were to llow over it, not a drop should get in. Then take out one hair at the interval of every hundred years. The time thus required to empty the well is one palyopamA. Many thousand palyopama's make one sAgaropamA. These are huge incalculable periods of time, vihUNa-vihIna-Without; bereft. uvagAriyA-upakArikA or upakAryA-Tent, pavilion, layaNalayana-Resort; abode; (cf. leNI Mar.), sattAvIsaM-saptaviMzatiTwenty-seven. dhaNu-dhanusa-A measure of four hastas. terasatrayodaza-Thirteen. aMgula-A finger's breadth. visesUNa-vizeSa+UnaSlightly less, bAhalla-bAhalya-Thickness. (171. 34.) veiyA-vedikA-Altar. (Page 172) kaDevara-kalevaraBody, rUva-rUpa-Form; image, hemajAla-Golden net-work, vedikAbAhA-vedikApArzva. puDhaMtara-puTAntara-The intermediate space between two vedikAs. sIsa-zIrSa-Head ; top. paraMta-paryanta-End; outskirts. (Page 173) vAsikaya-vArSika-Pertaining to the rainy season; being produced in the rainy season.

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NOTES - [31 khiya sAsayA-etc. syAt zAzvatI-May be eternal, or may not be eternal. This is the doctrine of anekAntavAda- or Fargie-the Relative Pluralism of the Jainas. They say, that you can not make any single positive assertion about anything. dayAe-dravyArthena or dravyArthikanayena-By the mode of, or taking into consideration the ou, or the Substance. There are Seven Modes or frels and thus figIt is also called saptamagInaya pajjava-paryAya-Modification, change. So, considered from the point of view of the substance, or Matter, it is eternal; (cf. e.g. the law viz. *Matter is indestructible'); but considered from the point of view of its various modifications-which are not permanent-it is non-eternal or temporary. kevaciraM kiyacciram-How long ? hoi-bhavati-Pres. 3rd per. sing. fr. bhU or ho. nAsi-nAsIt-Past tense 3rd per. sing. from asU-to be. atthi-Asti-Pres. 3rd per. sing. from asa. bhavissai-bhaviSyati-Fut. 3rd per. sing. bhuviM-Irregular form of the past tense. 3rd per. sing. from bhU. dhuvA-dhruvA-Steady. Niiya (or Nicca)-nitya. anvaya-avyaya-Not undergoing any change or modification. avaDiyA-avasthitAFirm. desUNa-dezona-Slightly less. (179. 35.) Last line on this page : correct the text to pAsAyavaDeMsagA. bAvahi-dvASaSTi-Sixty-two. (182. 36.) bAvattari-dvAsaptati-Seventy-two. muhamaMDava-mukhamaMDapaBowers at the entrance (?). (Page 183) sarisa-sadRza. pekkhAgharaprekSAgRha. thUbha-stUpa-Sacred pillar. usseha-utsedha-Height. pamANapramANa. mitta or metta-mAtra. saMpaliyaMka-saMparyaGka-padmAsana. nisaNNa-niSaNNaSeated. saMnikhitta-saMnikSipta-Placed. usabha-RSabha-The first of the twenty-four jinas. barddhamAna-Another name for Mahavira, the twenty-fourth Jina. candANaNa-candrAnana-Name of the First Jina in the Airavata Ksetra. vAriSeNa-Name of the twentyfourth Jina in the Airavata Ksetra.

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32] RAJAPRASNIYA SUTRA " (Page 184) ceiya-caitya-Sanctuary. rukkha-vakSa-A tree: ujveha-udvedha-Depth. khaMdha-skandha-Trank of a tree. viDimA D. Branches; (it also means a tree). Forto-algo-By the tips; i. e. measuring the top-most portion. kaMda-Bulb. ruila-rucira-Charming. sujAya-sujAta-Well-grown. paDhamagaprathamaka. visAlasAlA-vizAlazAkhA:-Having big or expansive boughs. sAhappasAhA-zAkhAprazAkhA-Branches and sub-branches. viTa-vRnta-stalk. mauya-mRduka-Soft. sukumAla-Delicate. pavAla-pravAla Coral. namiya-namita-Bent. ahiyaM-adhikam-More. (Page 185) kuDabhI-Small banner. uddhya-uddhRta-Wafted; shaken. sihara-zikhara-Peak. aDayAlIsaM-aSTacatvAriMzat-Forty-eight. maNoguliyA-manogulikA-pIThikA-A sort of raised seat. (Page 186) aMsie-anika:-Cornered; (having forty-eight corners). aDayAlIsaM saikoDIe aDayAlIsaM saiviggahie-Com. remarks, ...'ityAdi sampradAyagamyam-It should be ascertained from tradition ! ogAhettA-avagAhya i.e. varjayitvA-Leaving. heThA-adhasa-Below. Line 14, Correct the text to tesu. golavaTa-golavRtta-Round, and circular. sakahAo-sakthIni-Bones; remains; or ashes. accaNijjaarcanIya-Pot. pass. part. Worthy to be worshipped. ( 194 37 ) paJcatthimeNaM-pazcimena or pAzcAtyena-To the west. sayaNijja-zayanIyam -Bed. paDipAya-pratipAda-Cross-legs or crosssupports. sovaNNiya-sauvarNika-Golden. pAyasIsaga-pAdazIrSaka-Knobs of the legs. vicca or veJca Com. vyUtaM-viziSTavAnam (?); tUlI-cotton; or cushions. gaMDa-Cheeks. uvahANayA-rUpadhAnikA-Pillow. bibboyaNI A kind of pillow. Ubhao vibboyaNA-Having pillows and footcushions. uNNaa-unnata clevated-Naya-nata-Bent. gaMbhIra-Deep. sAliMgaNavaTTie-sAliGganavartikam-Having a pillow embracing the whole of the body; (what we call loDa in Mar.). gaDApalinaThe sandy beach of the Ganges. UhAla Com. avadAlanamaDepression, sinking or going down. The idea is, that the

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NOTES [ 33 bed was as soft as the sandy beach of the Ganges; just as the foot sinks ita it, similarly here also, the man went in. rayattANa-rajastrANa-Dust cover. (195. 38) mahege khuDDae-mahadekaM kSudrakram-This is a sort of contradiction in terms. coppAla-catuSpAla, paharaNakosa-praharaNakoSa-Armoury. (Page 196) phaliha-parigha-An iron-mace, or club. rayaNa-ratna-Best of. gayA-gadA-Mace. paharaNarayaNApraharaNaratnAni-The best of weapons; choice weapons. ujjala-ujvala-Bright. nisiya-nizita-Sharp-edged. sutikkhadhArAsutIkSNadhArA-Having a very sharp edge. (Sutra 39) siddhAyayaNa-sidbhAyatana-A temple dedicated to the Siddha (or Liberated) souls. sabhAgameNa-After the type or manner of the Assembly. devacchandae-devacchandaka-A seat of the Jina. (Page 197) nakkha-nakha-Nail. anto-antar-Inside. paDisegapratiSeka-Infusion ; putting in. With The Lohitaksa (rubies)(or their Instre)-infused inside the nails; i.e. the nails were as red as the Lohitaksa rubies. jaMghA-Leg. Uru-Thigh. gAyalaTThI-gAtrayaSTi-The frame of the body. Note the word 'laThThI' from yaSTi A stick; (cf. Mar. lAThI); gAyalaThI of. 'dehayaSTi'. nAbhi-Navel. romarAI-romarAji-Row or line of hair (cf. rAI Mar.) AmarAI. cucuyA-cacukA-Nipple. sirivaccha-zrIvatsaThe mark on the chest. silappavAla-zilApravAla-A kind of coral. oTha-oSTha-Lips. phAliya-sphaTika. jIhA-jihvA. tAluyA-tAlu Palate. nAsigA-nAsikA Nose. acchi-akSi-eye. tArA-Pupil of the eye. acchipatta-akSipatra-Eyelash. bhamuhA-bhRkuTi-Eye-brow. kavolakapola-Cheek. savaNa-zravaNa-Ear. niDAla-lalATa-Forehead. sIsaghaDI zIrSaghaTI-Round head; or the skull. kesaMtakesabhUmi-The part just under and in between the hair. mudbhaya-mUrdhaja-Hair. piThThaopRSThataH-From behind. paDimA-pratimA. hima-Snow. Ayavatta-Atapatra An umbrella. dhAremANI Pres. part; Nom. Sing. Fem. fr. dhAra.

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34 ) RAJAPRASNIYA SUTRA. (Page 198). cis-Command. Ten-A servant. Correct the text on line 3 to greit. faant-la10-A painter; but this sense does not suit here. The Com. omits the word. (201. 44.) saara1-399174H1-The place where gods are born; 39914-Birth of gods or hellish beings. They are born spontaneously, and fully developed, without any embryonic stages. 7-:-A pond; pool; we also get 23 or gg from the same; (cp. sie Mar). BHARIA HI-Coronation chamber. 43-4705-Articles, reaza 1-8937f77911Toilet room, or Hair-dressing apartment. 87601f27-A hairdresser. CZARAH1-61771781-The Audience-hall; Courtchamber. (Page 292). 977917780-OFA FA-The Best-book; Gospelbook. pattaga-patraka-Leaf. kambiA-kambikA-Cover-page. doI D. String; (cf. Ett Mar.), vis-afiet:-Knot. FECIAT-FEUR47 Com. FOT271377 gege:-Ink-pot. EU-3157-Lid; cover. 80-TEST-ART-Ink. Szoft-cat. Pen. 379977-87273-Letter. 824-1712-Science; i.e. the Book dealt with religious science. (204. 41) 3igurtqac ATIT-Byataan:-Being just born; immediately after his birth; though he was born recently. garaa-aaa- Five-fold. q -qaffh-Development; ripening; growth. The idea is, immediately after his birth on the devazayanIya, under the devadUSya, he got all these faculties and senses, fully developed. 31107910T-B77891U-Inhaling, and exhaling; breathing. BAIATEHTA-H19149:qalfa-The full development of the faculty of speech and mind. TU Probably it ought to be yait. The Com. also reads IT. and elsewhere also, it is read as Erlu. (Page 205). A11931-ATTE-Name of the sanctuary. (Sutra 42). 551a -872118i-Plunging in the water. A Bath, faz-2161-Sport. (Page 206) 841a-81791799-One who has sipped water (called as 81172a.) alae D. Pure; (cf. De Mar.) g-ufa:- Purified. ala1f017-an -A god who

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NOTES [35 was his equal in status. mahAgha-mahAgham-0f great value; (cf. mahAga Mar. ) uvaThaveha-upasthApayata-Prepare, arrange. Imper. 2nd per. plural. bhomija-bhaumeya-Earthen; made of earth. paDalaga-paTalaka-A bundle, or heap. (cf. poTalI Guj.). dhUva-dhUpa. kaDucchuya D. Incense-pot. sAbhAvia-svAbhAvika Natural, samayakhetta-samayakSetra-The Human world. tittha-tIrthaSacred place; place of pilgrimage. varadAman and prabhAsa-Names of the tIrthas. maTTiyA-mRttikA-Mud; clay, or earth. naI-nadI. ubhaokUla-ubhayakUla-Both the barks. cullahimavaMta-kSudahimavat. siharI-zikharI. daga-daka u-daka. tuyara-tuvara-Fragrant earth, or alum. osahi-oSadhi-Herbs. siddhatya-siddhArtha- Mustard. daha-hada (cf. Doha Mar.) pariyAga-paryAya-Series; ranges; or probably paryAya means 'name.' . __ (Page 208) nisaDha-niSadha, vAsaghara-varSadhara. vijaya Name of a kSetra. sumaNadAma-sumanodAma-Wreath of flowers. daddara-Com. cIvarAvana, kuNDikAdibhAjanamukhaM tena gAlitaM tatra pakkaM vA malayaja khaNDam. It seems to be a peculiar strainer for sandal. egao milAyanti-Gather togather. ___ (Page 209). cacci a-carcita-Smeared. kaMTheguNa-Threads on the neck. pihANa-pidhAna or apidhAna-A lid, or cover. Asitha-Asikta Com. udakacchaTakena-By sprinkling with water. saMmajia sammArjita-Cleaned. uvalitta-upalipta-Smeared with cow-dung. saMmaThTha-saMmRSTa-Wiped. -ratyaMtarA-rathyantarA-The space between the streets. rathyA-A street. AvaNa-ApaNa-A shop. vIhiyaM-vIthikA-Row; or avenue. maMcAimaMca-maJcAtimaJca -Sofas upon sofas; i.e. rows of sofas, probably arranged as in a stadium: the preceding rows being on a higher level. rAga-Colour. UsiyaM ucchitam-High; lAulloiya D. Smearing the floor, and plastering or whitewashing the walls. mahiya-mahita-pUjita Worshipped. dadara-dardara-Thick; or the peculiar strainer for sandal juice. diNNa-datta P. P. P. duvAra-dvAra.

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36] RAJAPRASNIYA SUTRA kaliyaM - kalitam - Endowed with. hiraNNa - hiraNya - Unwrought gold suvarNa - wrought gold. bhAeMti - bhAjayanti - Distribute. Line 14 correct the text to uppayanivayapavvayaM bukArenti - Produced a sound pINenti - pInayanti Lit. made themselves fat; i.e. were elated, assumed airs. vAseMti - varSayanti ; V. L. ( lAsaMti lAsayanti - Performed the lAsya dance. hakkAreMti-AkArayanti Called one another, shouted at one another; (cf. hAMka mAraNeM ). vinaMti - vinayanti (?) Thrust people aside. Correct the next word to taMDaventi - Performed the tANDava dance. vagganti vahagante - Jumped. apphoDaMti - AsphoTayanti - Beat the ground etc. three stepped of modern days. tivaI chinda-tripada hiMdU- To perform a dance; something like playing the haya siyaM - haya heSitaM - Neighing of a horse. hatthi - hasti. gulagulAiyaM (Onomatopoetic)-Rumbling or the gurgling sound produced by an elephant. ghaNaghaNAiyaM-Rattling of a chariot. (Page 211). uccholeMti - ucchAlayanti - paccholeMti. procchAlayantiTossed themselves up. afa utkRSTi - harSadhvani :- Sound of revelry or merry-making. uvAyanti - avapatanti - Jump down. uvavAya or utpatanti ( 3 ) . paricaya - paripat To Jump cross-wise. daddazyaM D. or dardara A blow; or a particular musical instrument. caveDA-capeTA - slap. dala dA to give gajja-garj To Thunder. vijjuyAyaMti - Denominative from vidyut - Produced lightning. jalaM ti - jvalaMta. pavarveti Probably it should be payaveMti - pratapanti. thukkArenti-thUtkurvanti - Despise; abhor; insult, or slight dhakkArenti The Com. it; The Dict, also does not note it. The sense appears to be something like Push or jostle rudeiy . sannivAya-saMnipAta Assemblage, collection, multitude. ujjoya - udyota - Something like 'Fireworks'. ukkaliyaM - utkalikA - A small group, or gathering. kahakahagaM-kahakahakaH-The noise produced by many people talking simultaneously; probably the noise of

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NOTES [37 'How do you do's; kathaM bhavAn , kathaM bhavAn etc. duhaduhaga The com. simply says 'anukaraNematat / The Dict. does not note the word. celukkheva-celotkSepa-waving the garments; fluttering of kerchiefs (at the time of parting). 311819-817919-Torun away. rAyahANi-rAjadhAnI-capital. vatthavvA-vAstavyAH -Residents. (Page 212) jaya naMdA Etc. The usual words of greeting. ajiyaM-ajitaM - Unconquerred. jiNAhi-jaya Imper. 2nd. per. sing. Similarly vasAhi from vasa. camara-The Lord of asuras. dharaNa-The Lord of serpents. bharaha-bharata The sovereign monarch, after whom the land is named as bhAratavarSa. Ahebacca Adhipatyam-Supremacy; Lordship. pauMja-prayuJja-To employ; to use. samANe-san Nom. Sing. from the Pres. part. of asa to be. tappaDhamayAe-tatprathamatayA-At first; at the outset. pamhalapakSmala (Having good eye-lashes); here it means shaggy; sUmAla-sukumAra. gaMdhakAsAie-gaMdhakASAyikyA-By a red coloured garment; i.e. he wiped his body with a red-coloured towel (a sort of a Turkish-bath towel). gAya-gAtra Limb. lUha-rUkSa-To wipe. aNulipa-anulim-To anoint. nIsAsa niHzvAsa- Breath. vAya-vAta wind. vojjha- vAhyaWhich could be carried, cavakhuhara-cakSuhara-Ravishing the eye. pharisa-sparza; (also phAsa ). hayalAlA-The saliva of a horse. pelava-Tender, delicate or soft. airega-atireka-More (than); in excess to. antakamma-antakarma-The border. AgAsaphAliya-AkAzasphaTika. devadUsa-devadUSya-Celestial garnment. juyala-yugala Pair. niyaMsa-nivasa-To put on. aMgaya-aGgada-bAbhUSaNa Ornaments for the arms. (1) keyUra, (2) kaTaka, (3) truTita (I) Armlet (or bAjUvaMda ); (2) Bracelet; (cp. ka. Mar.). and (3) A particular ornament (bAhurakSaka). kaDisuttaga-kaTisUtraka Waist-band. dasamudANantaga-dazamudrikAnantam i, e. Ten rings for the ten fingers. vikacchasuttagaM-Probably a girdle. muraviM D. murajin-A particular ornament. mauDa-mukuTa. gaMthima Com. pranthena HEALTHHHHHHHHE

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38] RAJAPRASNIYA SUTRA nirvRttaM-pranthimaM 'bhAvAdimaH pratyayaH ' that which is tied with strings. veDhima-veSTita-Covered ; enveloped; pUrima-pUryate iti By means of which a cage etc. is covered; parfo which is joined to another. caubdhiha-caturvidha-Fourfold. kapparukkha-kalpavRkSa-Desire-yeilding tree. alaMkiya-alaMkRta. bhukhaMDei (?) Probably 'Anoints'; smears. sumaNadAma-sumanodAma-A wreath of flowers. (211-43). muyai-muJcati-Loosens; unfastens. vihADei-vighATayati Opens. vAei-vAcayati-Reads. dhammiya vavasAya-dhArmika vyavasAyaPious, or religious resolution. pahAretya-prAdhArayat-Past Tense, 3rd. per. sing; Decided. gamagAe gamanAya-To go. (219-44). surabhi Fragrant. gaMdhodaa-gaMdhodaka Scented water. pahANei-snApayati Pres. 3rd. per, sing, from the causal of snA (or hA ); hANa-snAna; cf. Mar. nhANeM or nhANa which has a special restricted sense. ahaya- ahata or akSata i. e. akhaNDita Whole; not divided or cut into pieces. accharasA-accho raso yeSu-Of bright lustre so that the objects near about could be seen reflected there in. ( Page 220) anuviddha-Pervaded with. dhUvavaTTi-dhUpavarti column of smoke, varti-'The wick'. viNimmuya-vinirmuc-To discharge; to give out. paggahiya--pragRhya-Having taken. payatteNaM-prayatnena. dAUNa-dattvA-Indeclinable past, part. Having given. gantha-grantha-Words. atya-artha-Sense, significance. apugarutta-apunarukta-Not repeated. mahAvitta-mahAvRtta. vRtta-Metre; or Adj. well-known; famous. saMthuNai saMstunoti-Praises. paccosakapratyavadhvaSka-To move forward. nivADei-nipAtayati Pres. 3rd per. sing. from the causal of ni+pat. maMDalaga-A circle. parAmusa-parAmRza-To touch; to reach for; to take. caMDI-ceTI A female servant; here dAraceDI would mean the image of a female servant. caJcaa-carcA Smearing. thaMbha-khama stambha. agga-agra Best; or pratyagra-Fresh. (p. 124) AyayaNa

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NOTES [ 39 Ayatana-Abode. balivisajjaNa balivisarjana-offering of oblations or worship etc. to the deities. siMghADaa-zRGgATaka-A place where four roads meet. trika-Triangular-place. caumuha-caturmukha Having four openings (?). pAgAra-prAkAra Rampart; wall. aTTAlaa-aTTAlaka-A turret (buruja in Mar.); See com. cariyA carikA-A road, eight hastas wide, on th: wall. gopura Gates of the wall. (Page 225) pakkhAlei-prakSAlayati-Washes. (233. 45) abhitariya-Abhyantarika-Inner. bArasa-dvAdaza-Twelve (cf. the marathi word bAra which has a special restricted sense). saMnaddhabaddha-- Having fastened and Fut on. vammiya-varmika- Armoured; uppIliya-utpIDita Fastened. sarAsaNa-zarAsana Bow. gevija-graiveya Neck-ornament; a cravat. ciMdha-cihna-Sign; emblem. tiNayatrinata-Bent in three places ( AdimadhyAvasAneSu). tisaMdhiya-trisaMdhika Having three joints. koDi-koTi-Tip; or edge. pagijjha-pragRhya Having taken. paDiyAiya V. L. pariyAiya. Having taken. kaNDa-kANDa Arrow. kalAva-kalApa Collection, multitude. nIlapANayaH etc, nIlaH (kANDakalApaH) pANau yeSAM te. camma-carman Leather to cover or protect the fingers: pAsa-pAza Net. rakkhovagayA-rakSopagatA: Entrusted with the work of guarding. guttapAliyA-guptapAlikA-Whose ranks were well guarded and therefore invulnerable. jutta-yukta-Joined, or close together, samayao-samayataH com.-AcAreNa In action; in practice; i. e. by their behaviour. kiMkara-A servant. kiMkarabhUtAH As if they were his servants.

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