Prachin Jain Grantho me Karmsiddhant ka Vikaskram

Author(s): Ashok Kumar Singh
Publisher: Z_Shwetambar_Sthanakvasi_Jain_Sabha_Hirak_Jayanti_Granth_012052.pdf
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/211421/1

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prAcIna jainagranthoM meM karmasiddhAnta kA vikAsakrama - DaoN. azoka kumAra siMha bhAratIya cintana meM karmasiddhAnta kA atimahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| cArvAka darzana ko chor3akara bhArata kI sabhI dArzanika paramparAoM meM karmasiddhAnta kA vivecana upalabdha hotA hai| jainadarzana meM karmasiddhAnta kA jo suvyavasthita evaM suvikasita rUpa prApta hotA hai vaha anyatra durlabha hai| zramaNa paramparA ke vizruta vidvAn padmabhUSaNa paM. dalasukha bhAI mAlavaNiyA kA yaha kathana atyanta prAsaMgika hai -- "karmavAda kI jaisI vistRta vyavasthA jainoM meM dRSTigocara hotI hai vaisI vistRta vyavasthA anyatra durlabha hai| karmasiddhAnta kA vikAsa vastutaH vizva-vaicitrya ke kAraNoM kI khoja meM hI huA hai| vizva-vaicitrya ke kAraNoM kI vivecanA ke rUpa meM zvetAzvatara upaniSada meM kAla, svabhAva, niyati, yadRcchA, puruSArtha Adi kA ullekha huA hai| kintu vicArakoM ko vizva-vaicitrya kI vyAkhyA karane vAle ye sabhI siddhAnta santoSa pradAna nahIM kara ske| prArambhika jaina granthoM meM (sUtrakRtAMga) bhI vizva-vaicitrya ke kAraNatA sambandhI ina vibhinna siddhAntoM kI samIkSA kI gaI aura ina siddhAntoM kI nihita akSamatA ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue zramaNa paramparA meM karmasiddhAnta kA AvirbhAva huaa| isa siddhAnta meM sarvaprathama yaha mAnA gayA ki vaiyaktika vibhinnatAoM, vyakti kI sukha-duHkhAtmaka anubhati aura sadasada pravattiyoM meM usakI svAbhAvika ruci ke kAraNa vyakti ke apane hI pUrvakarma hote hai| yaha mAnyatA nirgantha, bauddha aura AjIvika paramparA meM samAna rUpa se svIkRta rhii| nyAya-vaizeSika jaise prAcIna darzanoM ne bhI Izvara-kartatva kI avadhAraNA ko svIkAra karate hue bhI vaiyaktika vibhinnatA ke kAraNa kI vyAkhyA ke rUpa meM Izvara ke sthAna para adRSTa yA karma ko hI pradhAnatA dI hai| phira bhI yaha sunizcita hai ki zramaNa paramparAoM meM karmasiddhAnta ko jo pradhAnatA milI vaha IzvaravAdI paramparAoM meM sambhava nahIM thI kyoMki ve karma ke Upara Izvara kI sattA ko sthApita kara rahI thiiN|| prAcIna bhArata kI zramaNa paramparAoM meM AjIvika paramparA vilupta ho cukI hai aura usakA koI sAhitya upalabdha nahIM hai ataH usameM karmasiddhAnta kisa rUpa meM thA yaha kaha pAnA kaThina hai| bauddhoM ne yadyapi jagata-vaicitrya kI vyAkhyA ke rUpa meM vyakti ke zubhAzubha karmoM ko hI kAraNa mAnA hai phira bhI unakI dRSTi meM karma citta-santati kA hI pariNAma rhaa| ataH unhoMne karma ko caitasika hI mAnA jabaki nirgantha paramparA ne karma ke caitasika aura bhautika donoM hI pakSoM ko svIkAra kara eka suvyavasthita karmasiddhAnta kI vivecanA prastuta kii| prastuta nibandha meM hamArA vivecya jaina karma siddhAnta kI vyAkhyA na hokara mAtra itanA hI hai ki jaina paramparA meM yaha siddhAnta kramika rUpa meM kisa prakAra vikasita huaa| DaoN. ravIndranAtha mizra ne apanI pustaka "jaina karmasiddhAnta udbhava evaM vikAsa"3 meM kAla-krama kI dRSTi se jaina karmasiddhAnta ke vikAsa-krama ko tIna vargoM meM vibhAjita kara pratyeka varga kI mukhya vizeSatAoM ko rekhAMkita kiyA hai| unake anusAra ye tIna krama nimnavat hai -- 1. jaina karma siddhAnta kA prArambhika kAla yA udbhava kAla (I.pU. chaThI zatAbdI se IsA pUrva tIsarI shtaabdii|) 2. jaina karma siddhAnta kA vyavasthApana kAla -- I.pU. dUsarI zatI se IsA kI tIsarI shtaabdii| 3. jaina karma siddhAnta kA vikAsa kAla -- I. kI cauthI zatI se bArahavIM shtii| DaoN. mizra ke anusAra prArambhika kAla yA udbhava kAla taka yaha avadhAraNA bana cukI thI -- 1. karmoM kA zubhAzubha phala milatA hai| 2. karma saMcita hote haiM, dUsare zabdoM meM ve kAlAntara meM phala dene kI sAmarthya rakhate haiN| karma yA karma bandha kA kAraNa rAga-dveSa, kaSAya aura moha hai| 3. saMcita karmoM ke kAraNa punarjanma hotA hai| 4. ina saMcita karmoM se arthAta saMsAra-paribhramaNa se mukti prApta kI jA sakatI hai| 101

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prAcIna jainagranthoM meM karmasiddhAnta kA vikAsakrama tAtparya yaha ki prArambhika kAla meM yadyapi karma siddhAnta kI sabhI mUlabhUta bAteM apane astitva meM A cukI thIM phira bhI ina prAcInatama granthoM meM suvyavasthita rUpa se jaina karma siddhAnta kA pratipAdana nahIM hai| na to inameM karmaprakRtiyoM kI carcA hai| na karma aura guNasthAnoM ke pArasparika sambandhoM kI carcA hai aura na karmoM kI udaya, udIraNA Adi vibhinna avasthAoM kA hI carcA hai| 2. karmasiddhAnta kA vyavasthApana kAla DaoN. mizra ke zabdoM meM isa kAla meM karma-siddhAnta ke sambandha meM nimna bAtoM kA praveza huA --1. karma kI mUla evaM uttara prakRtiyoM kA vargIkaraNa, 2. karma kI mUla evaM unakI prakRtiyoM ke bandhana ke alaga-alaga kAraNoM kA vivecana 3. bandhana ke 5 hetuoM kA vivecana aura unakA prakRtibandha, sthitibandha, anubhAgabandha evaM pradezabandha se sambandha aura karma kI udaya, udIraNA Adi dasa avasthAoM kA ullekha, vibhinna.karma prakRtiyoM kI nyUnatama aura adhikatama sattA kI kAlAvadhi tathA karmaprakRtiyoM ke alaga-alaga phala-vipAka kI carcA / 3. jaina karmasiddhAnta kA vikAsa kAla IsA kI cauthI zatAbdI se lekara IsA kI terahavIM zatAbdI taka vyApta isa kAla kI pramukha vizeSatAyeM nimnavat haiM -- 1. karma siddhAnta para.svatantra granthoM kI racanA, 2. karmasiddhAnta kA anya jaina dArzanika avadhAraNAoM jaise guNasthAna, jIvasthAna, mArgaNAsthAna, lezyA Adi se sambandha, 3. karmaprakRtiyoM kA guNasthAna aura mArgagAsthAna meM udaya, udIraNA Adi kI dRSTi se vistata vivecana, 4. jaina karmasiddhAnta ke sandarbha meM utpanna dArzanika samasyAoM kA samAdhAna aura 5. jaina karmasiddhAnta ko gaNitIya svarUpa pradAna kiyA jaanaa| yadyapi jaina paramparAgata rUpa meM AgamoM ko aura vizeSa rUpa se aMga-AgamoM ko artha ke rUpa meM mahAvIra kI aura zabda ke rUpa meM gaNadharoM kI racanA mAnate haiM kintu vidvatsamudAya aneka kAraNoM se sabhI AgamoM yahA~ taka ki sabhI aMga AgamoM ko bhI eka kAla kI racanA nahIM maantaa| ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya kA prAcInatama grantha AcArAMga kA prathama zrutaskandha mAnA gayA hai| vidvAna ise lagabhaga I.pU. caturtha zatAbdI kI racanA mAnate haiN| isake samakAlIna athavA kicita paravartI granthoM meM sUtrakRtAMga, RSibhASita aura uttarAdhyayana kA krama AtA hai| ye tInoM grantha I.pU. lagabhaga tIsarI zatAbdI kI racanA ke rUpa meM mAnya haiN| yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki pAzrvApatya paramparA ke AgamoM meM jinheM hama pUrvo ke rUpa meM jAnate haiM "karmaprAbhUta" nAmaka eka grantha thA jisase 'karmaprakRti Adi karma sAhitya ke svatantra granthoM kA vikAsa huaa| kintu karmasiddhAnta ke ye sabhI grantha vidvAnoM kI dRSTi meM I.sana kI 5vIM zatAbdI ke bAda ke hI mAne gaye hai| cUMki hamArA uddezya karmasiddhAnta ke aitihAsika vikAsakrama ko dekhanA hai ataH ina granthoM ko vivecanA kA AdhAra na banAkara ardhamAgadhI Agama ke kucha prAcIna granthoM ko hI apanI vivecanA kA AdhAra bnaayeNgeN| isa dRSTi se hamane AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga RSibhASita, uttarAdhyayana, sthAnAMga aura samavAyAMga meM nihita karma-siddhAnta ke tattvoM para vicAra kiyA AcArAMga kI karmasiddhAnta sambandhI avadhAraNAyeM sAmAnyatayA karmazabda kA artha prANI kI zArIrika athavA caitasika kriyA mAnA gayA hai| kintu karmasiddhAnta kI vyAkhyA meM isa zArIrika kriyA yA mAnasika kriyA ke kAraNa kI aura usake pariNAma kI vyAkhyA ko pramukhatA dI gayI ataH karma ke tIna aMga bane -- 1. kriyA kA preraka tattva 2. kriyA. 3. kriyA kA pariNAma 102

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DaoN. azoka kumAra sina jahA~ bauddha paramparA ne kriyA ke preraka tattva ke rUpa meM caitasika vRttiyoM ko hI vyAkhyAyita kiyA vahA~ jaina paramparA ne kriyA ke mUla meM rahI huI caitasika vRtti ke sAtha-sAtha usake pariNAma para bhI vicAra kiyaa| isa prakAra karma kI avadhAraNA ko eka vyApakatA pradAna kii| kisI kriyA ke mUla meM rahe hue caitasika bhAvadhArA ko pAribhASika dRSTi se bhAvakarma kI saMjJA dI gaI kintu koI bhI kriyA cAhe vaha caitasika ho yA daihika apane pariveza meM eka halacala avazya utpanna karatI hai| isI AdhAra para yaha mAnA gayA ki ina kriyAoM ke pariNAma svarUpa karmadravya AkarSita hotA hai aura AtmA ko bandhana meM DAla detA hai| jaina paramparA meM kisI kriyA-vizeSa ke dvArA jisa paudgalika dravya kA AtmA kI ora saMsaraNa hotA hai use dravya karma kahA jAtA hai| AcArAMga meM dravyakarma aura bhAvakarma jaise suspaSTa zabda kA prayoga hameM nahIM milatA kintu karma ke caitasika pakSa ke sAtha-sAtha hameM karmazarIra aura karmaraja' jaisI avadhAraNAyeM spaSTa rUpa se milatI haiN| vastutaH yahI karmazarIra aura karmaraja dravyakarma kI avadhAraNA ke AdhAra bane haiN| AcArAMga spaSTa rUpa se karmaraja aura usake Asrava kI bAta karatA hai| isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki vaha karma ke bhautika pakSa yA dravyapakSa ko svIkAra karatA hai| ataH hama kaha sakate haiM ki dravyakarma aura bhAvakarma kI spaSTa avadhAraNA bhale hI nahIM rahI ho unake bIja ke rUpa meM karmaraja aura karmazarIra kI avadhAraNAyeM upalabdha thIM / AcArAMga meM anyatra 'jo guNa hai vahI Avarta haiM aura 'jo Avarta hai vahI guNa hai yaha kahakara sAMsArikatA ke kAraNa ke rUpa meM guNoM kI carcA kI gaI hai aura yahA~ AcArAMgakAra kA guNoM se tAtparya prakRti ke tIna guNoM se hI rahA huA hai| ye guNa prAcIna sAMkhya darzana meM bhautika tattva ke rUpa meM svIkRta hai aura unakI prakRti se ekAtmakatA pratipAdita kI gaI hai| ataH isase bhI yahI phalita hotA hai ki AcArAMgakAra ke samakSa karma kA paudgalika pakSa spaSTa rUpa se upasthita thA cAhe usa kAla taka dravya karma aura bhAva karma jaisI pAribhASika zabdAvalI kA vikAsa huA ho| 6 karma ko saMsAra - paribhramaNa yA bandhana kA kAraNa mAnanA yaha siddhAnta bhI AcArAMga ke kAla taka spaSTa rUpa se astitva meM A cukA thaa| AcArAMgakAra' spaSTa rUpa se yaha kahatA hai ki jo AtmA kI punarjanma kI avadhAraNA ko svIkAra karatA hai vahI AtmavAdI hai, lokavAdI hai aura karmavAdI hai| isa prakAra AcArAMga kI dRSTi meM punarjanma kI avadhAraNA ke spaSTa tIna phalita haiM-- AtmavAda, lokavAda aura karmavAda / punaH karmavAda bhI AtmA aura saMsAra kI sattA ko svIkAra kiye binA sambhava nahIM hai ataH karmavAda ke lie AtmA aura saMsAra kA astitva anivArya hai| dUsare zabdoM meM AcArAMga ke kAla meM karmavAda, punarjanma kI avadhAraNA ke sAtha saMyojita kara liyA gayA thaa| AcArAMga kI eka vizeSatA yaha bhI parilakSita hotI hai ki vaha karma ko hiMsA yA Arambha ke sAtha saMyojita karatA hai usakI dRSTi meM karma vA kriyAyeM hiMsA ke sAtha jur3I huI haiM aura ve saMsAra ke paribhramaNa kA kAraNa hai| isIlie usameM yaha kahA gayA hai ki jo kriyA (Arambha) ke svarUpa ko nahIM jAnatA hai vaha saMsAra kI vividha jIvayoniyoM meM paribhramaNa karatA hai kintu jo karma yA hiMsA ke svarUpa ko jAna letA hai vaha parijJAta karmA muni sAMsArika janma-maraNa ke cakra se Upara uThatA hai / isa kathana kA spaSTa tAtparya hai ki karma yA kriyA bandhana kA kAraNa hai| karma yA kriyA se Asrava hotA hai aura vaha Asrava bandhana kA kAraNa banatA hai| isIlie AcArAMgakAra' spaSTa rUpa se yaha kalatA hai ki jo bhI sAMsArika vividhatAyeM hai ve karma se utpanna hotI hai| AcArAMga meM aSTakarma prakRtiyoM kA spaSTa ullekha nahIM hai| karma kI zubhAzubhatA ke AdhAra ko lekara bhI AcArAMga meM spaSTa rUpa se koI vistRta vivecana upalabdha nahIM hotA kintu AcArAMgakAra karma aura akarma tathA pApakarma aura puNya kI carcA avazya karatA hai| AcArAMga meM akammassa10, nikkamadaMsI 11, zabdoM kA prayoga yaha batAtA hai ki 103 /

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prAcIna jainagranthoM meM karmasiddhAnta kA vikAsakrama AcArAMgakAra ke samakSa yaha avadhAraNA spaSTa rUpa se A gayI thI ki sabhI karma bandhaka nahIM hote haiN| puNya (zubha) aura pApa (azubha) karma ke sAtha-sAtha akarma kI yaha avadhAraNA hameM gItA meM bhI upalabdha hotI hai| cAhe AcArAMga meM karma prakRtiyoM kI carcA na ho parantu karma-zarIra kI carcA hai -- 'dhuNe kammasarIragaM12 kahakara do tathyoM kI ora saMketa kiyA gayA hai -- eka to yaha ki karma se yA karmavargaNA ke pudgaloM se zarIra kI racanA hotI hai| usa zarIra ko tapa Adi ke mAdhyama se dhunanA sambhava hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki AvArAMga meM karma kI paudgalikatA, karmapudgaloM kA Asava aura usakA AtmA ke lie bandhana-kAraka honA -- ye avadhAraNAyeM spaSTa rUpa se astitva meM A gayI thiiN| isake sAtha hI karma se vimukti ke lie saMvara aura nirjarA kI avadhAraNAe~ spaSTa rUpa se upasthita thiiN| dUsare zabdoM meM AcArAMga meM karma, karmabandha karma-Asava, karma-nirjarA ye zabda prApta hote haiN| karmabandha ke kAraNa ke rUpa meM AcArAMga meM moha, hiMsA aura rAga-dveSa kI carcA bhI upalabdha hotI hai| usameM spaSTa rUpa se kahA gayA hai ki moha ke kAraNa hI prANI garbha aura maraNa ko prApta hotA hai| jo karma moha aura rAga-dveSa se niHsRta nahIM haiM ve karma bhI yadi hiMsA yA parapIr3A ke sAtha jur3e hue haiM to bhI unase bandha hotA hI hai| AcArAMga meM kahA gayA hai ki guNa samitivAna apramAdI muni ke zarIra kA saMsparza pAkara bhI kucha prANI paritApa prApta karate haiN| muni ke isa prakAra ke karma dvarA use isa janma meM vedana karane yogya karma kA bandha hotA hai| isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki AcArAMgakAra kI dRSTi meM rAga-dveSa aura pramAda kI anupasthiti meM bhI yadi hiMsA kI ghaTanA ghaTita hotI hai to usase karma bandha to hotA hI hai| isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki AcArAMga meM IryApathika karma kI jo avadhAraNA vikasita huI hai usake bhI mUlabIja upasthita haiN| phira bhI hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki bandhana ke mithyAtva Adi pA~ca kAraNoM kI carcA, aSTakarma prakRtiyoM kI carcA, karma kI dasa avasthAoM kI carcA AcArAMga ke kAla taka anupasthita rahI hogii| AcArAMga meM karmasiddhAnta ke sambandha meM mahattvapUrNa tathya yaha upalabdha hotA hai ki eka ora AcArAMgakAra kisI ke nimitta se hone vAlI hiMsA kI ghaTanA se hI apramatta muni ko isa janma meM vedanIya karma kA bandha mAnatA hai kintu vaha dUsarI ora isa siddhAnta kA spaSTa rUpa se pratipAdana karatA hai ki bAhya ghaTanAoM kA adhika mUlya nahIM hai| vaha spaSTa rUpa se yaha kahatA hai ki 'jo Asava haiM ve hI parizrava haiN|0, arthAta karma-nirjarA ke rUpa meM pariNata ho jAte haiM jo parizrava arthAt karmanirjarA ke hetu haiM vahI Asava ke hetu bana jAte haiN| isakA tAtparya yahI hai ki kauna sA karma Asava ke rUpa meM aura kauna sA karma parizrava ke rUpa meM rUpAntarita hogA isakA AdhAra karma kA bAhya pakSa na hokara kartA kI manovRtti hI hogii| isa prakAra AcArAMga karmabandha aura karma-nirjarA meM ghaTanA ke bAhaya svarUpa ke sthAna para kartA ke manobhAvoM ko pradhAnatA detA hai| sUtrakRtAMga kI karma sambandhI avadhAraNA : AcArAMga kI apekSA sUtrakRtAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha ko vidvAnoM ne kiMcita paravartI mAnA hai| karmasiddhAnta kI dRSTi se vicAra karane para hama pAte haiM ki AcArAMga kI apekSA sUtrakRtAMga meM karma sambandhI avadhAraNAoM kA kramika vikAsa huA hai| vaha kahatA hai ki prANI isa saMsAra meM apane-apane svakRta karmoM ke phala kA bhoga kiye binA unase mukta nahIM ho sakatA hai| isa sandarbha meM sUtrakRtAMgakAra kI yaha spaSTa mAnyatA hai ki jo vyakti pUrva meM jaise karma karatA hai usI ke anusAra vaha bAda meM phala prApta karatA hai|17 vyakti kA jaisA karma hogA vaisA hI use phala prApta hogaa| sUtrakRtAMga meM spaSTa rUpa se isa bAta kA bhI pratipAdana hai ki vyakti apane hI kiye karmoM kA phala bhogatA hai| vyakti ke sukha-duHkha kA kAraNa usake svakRta karma haiM anya vyakti yA parakRta karma 104

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DaoN. azoka kumAra siMha nahIM 19 karmabandha ke kAraNoM kI carcA ke rUpa meM sUtrakRtAMga meM hameM do mahattvapUrNa ullekha prApta hote haiN| sUtrakRtAMga ke prArambha meM to parigraha yA Asakti ko hI hiMsA yA duSkarma kA ekamAtra kAraNa mAnA gayA hai| Age calakara prathama adhyayana ke dvitIya uddezaka meM yaha kahakara ki antaHkaraNa meM vyApta lobha, samasta prakAra kI mAyA, ahaMkAra ke vividha rUpa aura krodha kA parityAga karake hI jIva karmabandhana se mukti prApta kara sakatA hai, sUtrakRtAMga meM cAroM kaSAyoM ko bhI karmabandhana ke kAraNa ke rUpa meM svIkAra kara liyA gayA hai| bandhana ke kAraNoM kI isa carcA meM sUtrakRtAMga meM prakArAntara se prANAtipAta, mRSAvAda, adattAdAna aura maithuna se avirati ko bhI karmabandhana kA kAraNa mAnA hai|22 isa prakAra cAhe spaSTa rUpa se nahIM parantu prakArAntara se usameM mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda aura kaSAya ko yoga ke sAtha bandhana kA kAraNa mAna liyA gayA hai| ataH bandhana ke jina pA~ca kAraNoM kI carcA paravartI sAhitya meM upalabdha hai usakA mUlabIja sUtrakRtAMga meM upalabdha hai| yahA~ smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki kaSAyoM kI yaha carcA 'je kohaM daMssi se mANaM dassi Adi ke rUpa meM AcArAMga meM A gayI hai| sUtrakRtAMga kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki vaha ina kAraNoM se karmabandhana ko svIkAra karatA hai|23 karmasiddhAnta ke sandarbha meM sUtrakRtAMga isa bAta ko spaSTa rUpa se svIkAra karatA hai ki vyakti svakRta karmoM ke phala kA hI bhoktA hotA hai| vaha na to apane karmoM kA vipAka dUsaroM ko de sakatA hai na dUsaroM ke karmoM kA vipAka svayaM prApta kara sakatA hai| karma ke dravya aura bhAvapakSa kI ina nAmoM se carcA isameM nahIM milatI hai kintu 'karmaraja24 aura karma kA tvacA ke rUpa meM tyAga jaise ullekhoM se spaSTa rUpa se hameM lagatA hai ki usameM karma ke dravya pakSa kI svIkRti rahI huI hai| punaH 'pramAda karma hai aura 'apramAda akarma hai yaha kahakara- sUtrakAra ne karma ke bhAvapakSa ko bhI spaSTataH svIkAra kara liyA hai| karma ke puNya-pApa, karma aura akarma0, aise tIna pakSoM kI carcA bhI satrakatAMga meM upalabdha hotI hai| jahA~ taka karmaprakRtiyoM kI carcA kA prazna hai satrakatAMga meM mAtra darzanAvaraNa kA ullekha milatA hai| isase aisA lagatA hai ki sUtrakRtAMga meM karmaprakRtiyoM kI carcA ke mUlabIja dhIre-dhIre prakaTa ho rahe the| karma ke I-pathika28 aura sAmparAyika29 ina do spoM kI carcA kA prazna akarma aura karma se jur3A huA hai kintu ina pAribhASika zabdoM kA prayoga hameM sarvaprathama sUtrakRtAMga meM milatA hai| prathama zrutaskandha meM sAmparAyika aura dvitIya zrutaskandha meM teraha kriyAsthAnoM kI carcA ke sandarbha meM IryApathika kA ullekha AyA hai|29a karma kI dasa avasthAoM meM se hameM udaya, udIraNA aura karmakSaya kI carcA milatI hai| karmanirjarA ke sambandha meM ullekha hai ki tapa ke dvArA karmakSaya sambhava hai aura sampUrNa karma kA kSaya ho jAne para parama siddhi prApta hotI hai|33 isaprakAra hama dekhate haiM ki sUtrakRtAMga meM AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha kI apekSA karmasiddhAnta kA kramika vikAsa huA hai| RSibhASita kI karmasambandhI avadhAraNAyeM : karmasiddhAnta ke isa kramika vikAsa kI carcA meM hama yaha dekhate haiM ki AcArAMga aura sUtrakRtAMga kI apekSA RSibhASita meM karmasiddhAnta paryApta rUpa se vikasita avasthA meM milatA hai| karma, akarma4 kI carcA ke sAtha-sAtha zubhAzubha karma kI carcA tathA zubhAzubha karmoM se atikramaNa kI carcA RSibhASita meM hI sarvaprathama milatI hai| RSibhASita hI aisA grantha hai jisameM svarNa aura loha-ber3I kI upamA dekara puNya-pApa karma se atikramaNa kI carcA hai| sarvaprathama aSTakarma granthi38 kI carcA karane vAlA bhI yahI grantha hai| RSibhASita meM karma ke 5 AdAna yA kAraNa39 spaSTa rUpa se ullikhita hai| 105

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isameM yadyapi karma kI dasa avasthAoM kI carcA nahIM hai phira bhI sopAdAna, nirAdAna, vipAkayukta upakramita aura anudita karmoM kA vivaraNa upalabdha hotA hai| 40 sAtha hI upakramita, utkarita, baddha, spaSTa aura nidhatta karmoM ke saMkSepa evaM kSaya hone evaM nikAcita karmoM ke avazya hI bhogane kA ullekha hai| 41 prAcIna jainagranthoM meM karmasiddhAnta kA vikAsakrama RSibhASita isa bAta para spaSTa rUpa se bala detA hai ki koI vyakti apane svakRta zubhAzubha karmoM kA hI phala bhogatA hai| 42 isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki RSibhASita ke kAla taka jaina karmasiddhAnta paryApta rUpa se vikasita avasthA ko prApta ho jAtA hai| bhale hI isameM aSTakarma prakRtiyoM ke alaga-alaga nAmoM kA ullekha na ho kintu aSTakarma granthi kA ullekha hone se yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai ki karmoM kI aSTamUla prakRtiyoM kI carcA usa yuga taka A cukI thI / yadi hama karmasiddhAnta kI dRSTi se vicAra kareM to aisA pratIta hotA he ki RSibhASita AcArAMga aura sUtrakRtAMga kI apekSA paryApta rUpa se vikasita grantha hai| kintu kucha vidvAnoM ne ise AcArAMga aura sUtrakRtAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha kA samakAlIna mAnA hai| isa sandarbha meM eka vikalpa yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai ki RSibhASita mukhya rUpa se pArzvapatya paramparA kA grantha rahA ho aura pArzvapatya paramparA meM karmasiddhAnta kI vikasita carcA bhI upalabdha huI hai kyoMki isa grantha meM karmasiddhAnta kA jo vikasita rUpa milatA hai vaha mukhyarUpa se isake 'pArzvaM nAmaka adhyayana meM upalabdha hotA hai| sAtha hI karmasiddhAnta ke caitasika pakSa aura karmasantati kI jo vizeSa carcA usa grantha meM pAyI jAtI hai, vaha bhI mukhya rUpa se mahAkazyapa sAriputra, vajjiputra Adi bauddha RSiyoM ke upadezoM ke rUpa meM hI hai| isalie yaha sambhAvanA pUrI taraha se asatya nahIM ho sakatI ki pArzvapatya paramparA meM mahAvIra kI apekSA eka vikasita karmasiddhAnta upalabdha thA / uttarAdhyayana kI karmasambandhI avadhAraNA : aMga Agama sAhitya meM AcArAMga ke pazcAt sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga aura bhagavatI sUtra aise grantha haiM jinameM karmasiddhAnta kA vikasita rUpa upalabdha hotA hai| kintu vidvAnoM ke anusAra ina tInoM granthoM meM paravartIkAla kI sAmagrI ko antima vAcanA ke samaya saMkalita kara liyA gyaa| isalie karmasiddhAnta ke vikAsa kI dRSTi se ina granthoM kI carcA na kara uttarAdhyayana meM upalabdha karma sambandhI vivaraNoM kI carcA karanA caaheNgeN| uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM 33veM adhyayana ko chor3akara anya adhyayanoM meM jo karmasiddhAnta sambandhI carcAyeM milatI haiM ve AcArAMga aura sUtrakRtAMga kI apekSA kiMcita vikasita pratIta hotI haiN| kintu unameM unhIM saba tathyoM kI carcA hai jo sUtrakRtAMga meM upalabdha hotI hai| karma karttA kA anusaraNa karatA hai| 43 sabhI jIvoM ko apane karma ke anusAra phala bhoganA par3atA hai 44 kAmabhogoM kI lAlasA ke kAraNa karmaparamANuoM kA AtmA ke sAtha-bandha hotA hai kintu jo rAgAdi bhAvoM se rahita hotA hai vaha bandha meM nahIM AtA hai| 45 karma apane zubhAzubha adhyavasAyoM evaM vipAkoM ke anusAra puNya aura pApa rUpa hotA hai 46 ye carcAyeM aisI haiM jo prakArAntara se AcArAMga aura sUtrakRtAMga meM bhI upalabdha haiN| uttarAdhyayana meM karma ko karma-granthi, karmakaMcuka, karmaraja, karmaguru, karmavana Adi kahane ke jo ullekha upalabdha hai47 ve saba bhI hamAre samakSa navIna tathya prastuta nahIM karate haiN| uttarAdhyayana kA mAtra 33vA~ adhyAya aisA hai jisameM AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, RSibhASita kI apekSA karmasiddhAnta ke vikasita rUpa milate haiN| isa adhyAya kI prAcInatA ke sambandha meM vidvAnoM meM matabheda hai phira bhI yaha adhyAya I.pU. kA hI mAnA jAtA hai| RSibhASita meM jo aSTakarmagranthi kA ullekha AyA hai, 48 isakI bhI vistRta vyAkhyA uttarAdhyayana meM upalabdha hai| Agama sAhitya meM aSTamUla prakRtiyoM aura unake avAntara bhedoM kI carcA karane vAlA yaha prathama grantha hai| sambhavataH uttarAdhyayana meM hI sarvaprathama aSTakarma prakRtiyoM ko ghAtI aura aghAtI karma meM vargIkRta kiyA gayA hai| 48a isameM jJAnAvaraNIya kI 5, darzanAvaraNIya kI 9, vedanIya kI do, mohanIya kI 28, AyuSya kI cAra, nAma karma kI do, gotra kI do aura 106

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DaoN. azoka kumAra siMha antarAya karma kI pA~ca uttarakarma prakRtiyoM kA ullekha hai| 49 uttara karmaprakRtiyoM ke vivaraNa 50 kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki darzanAvaraNIya kI uttara prakRtiyoM ke krama meM Aja kI dRSTi se antara hai| vedanIya kI sAtA - asAtA meM se donoM ke aneka bheda batAyeM gaye haiN| mohanIya karma ke darzana evaM cAritra mohanIya do bhedoM meM cAritra mohanIya ke upabheda nokaSAya mohanIya ke sAta yA 9 bheda batAye gaye haiN| nAma karma ke pahale zubha aura azubha bheda kiye gaye phira ina donoM ke aneka bhedoM kI sUcanA dI gii| gotra karma ke donoM bhedoM ucca aura nIca ke ATha-ATha bheda batAye gaye haiM / isameM mUla prakRtiyoM aura uttaraprakRtiyoM kA varNana karane ke pazcAt pradezoM kA parimANa, unakA kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kA nirUpaNa hai| isameM karma kI mUlaprakRtiyoM kI adhikatama aura nyUnatama sthiti kI carcA hai| ina karmaprakRtiyoM kI kAlAvadhi ke sambandha meM eka mahattvapUrNa carcA yaha hai ki vedanIya karma kI jaghanya sthiti eka antarmuhUrta 1 kI batAyI gayI hai vahA~ anyatra 12 antarmuhUrta batAyI gayI hai| AtmA ke dvArA karmapudgaloM ke grahaNa karane aura unakI saMkhyA kA vivaraNa bhagavatI meM vistAra se milatA hai yahA~ kevala eka hI gAthA meM isakA varNana hai| ataH hama isa niSkarSa para pahu~cate haiM ki uttarAdhyayana meM 33veM adhyayana meM yadyapi karmasiddhAnta kA vyavasthita vivaraNa hai phira bhI paravartI sAhitya meM aura bhI vistRta vivecanA kI gaI hai| udAharaNa ke lie isameM nAmakarma kI do zubha aura azubha karma kI do hI uttaraprakRtiyoM kA ullekha hai jabaki Age calakara isake 42, 67, 93 evaM 103 bhedoM kI carcA milatI hai| isase spaSTa hai ki uttarAdhyayana ke pazcAt bhI jaina karmasiddhAnta kA vikAsa hotA gayA / sthAnAMgasUtra AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, RSibhASita evaM uttarAdhyayana kI tulanA meM sthAnAMga meM karma - siddhAnta kA vikasita rUpa prApta hotA hai| sthAnAMga ke Arambha meM ullekha hai ki isa jIvana yA agale jIvana meM karmoM kA phala avazya milatA hai| sthAnAMga meM devatAoM, nArakoM, manuSyoM Adi ke karmaphala ke upabhoga ke kAla kA nirdhAraNa karate hue vartamAna bhava evaM anya bhava meM hone vAle karmaphala vipAka 53 kI carcA hai| isameM karma kI avAntara prakRtiyoM se sambandhita vivaraNa do prakAra ke milate haiN| isake dvitIya sthAna ke caturtha uddeza 54 meM AThoM mUlaprakRtiyoM kA do-do avAntara prakRtiyoM meM hI vargIkaraNa hai-- deza evaM sarva, jJAnAvaraNIya evaM darzanAvaraNIya kI, sAtA aura asAtAvedanIya karma kI evaM darzana aura cAritra, mohanIya karma kii| AyuSya karma addhAyuSya (kAyasthiti kI Ayu ) aura bhavAyuSya (usI bhava kI Ayu), nAma karma - zubha aura azubha, gotra karma- ucca aura nIca tathA antarAya karma pratyutpanna vinAzi55 evaM pihita-Agamipatha do prakAra kA batAyA gayA hai| sthAnAMga meM hI anyatra isase bhinna jJAnAvaraNIya ke 556, darzanAvaraNIya ke 957 evaM nokaSAya vedanIya ke 958 bhedoM kA ullekha hai| prasaMgavaza vedanIya karma kI do anya avAntara prakRtiyoM kSudhA vedanIya 59 aura lobha vedanIya karma 60 kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| sthAnAMga kA uttara karma prakRtiyoM kA vargIkaraNa yaha iMgita karatA hai ki vartamAna paddhati se bhinna eka anya paramparA bhI uttara prakRtiyoM ke vargIkaraNa kI vidyamAna thii| usa vargIkaraNa meM saralIkaraNa dikhalAI par3atA hai| jaise jJAnAvaraNIya aura darzanAvaraNIya ke deza arthAt azataH aura sarva aise do bheda the| isI prakAra AyuSya karma kI bhI vartamAna janma kI Ayu aura bhaviSya meM hone vAle janma kI Ayu ke vicAra kI dRSTi se do hI bheda kiye jAte the tathA antarAya karma kA bhI vibhAjana vartamAna meM prApta vastu kA vinAza aura bhaviSya meM hone vAle lAbha ke mArga meM bAdhA -- ye do bheda the| ullekhanIya hai ki karma prakRti ke dvividha vargIkaraNa meM se mAtra vedanIya kI sAtA aura asAtA tathA gotra karma kI ucca aura nIca hI pracalita paramparA meM vyavasthita haiN| zeSa kI saMkhyA meM parivartana -- 107

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prAcIna jainagranthoM meM karmasiddhAnta kA vikAsakrama huA hai| ___ AgamoM ke granthabaddha hone ke pUrva mUlaprakRtiyoM ke isa prakAra vargIkaraNa ke pIche sambhavataH smaraNa suvidhA kI dRSTi mukhya rahI hogii| avAntara prakRtiyoM kA jo ullekha sthAnAMga ke alaga-alaga sthAnoM meM prApta hotA hai usameM jJAnAvaraNIya kI 5, darzanAvaraNIya kI 9, vedanIya kI do aura gotrakarma kI do avAntara prakRtiyoM kA ullekha pracalita paramparA ke hI anurUpa hai, parantu usameM nokaSAya vedanIya karma ke jo bheda batAye gaye haiM ve paramparAgata vargIkaraNa meM nokaSAya mohanIya karma ke 9 bheda mAne jAte haiM na ki nokaSAya vedanIya karma ke| yadyapi inake nAma Adi meM samarUpatA hai kintu inheM nokaSAya vedanIya karma kyoM kahA gayA hai yaha vicAraNIya hai| sthAnAMga meM dasa kI saMkhyA vAle tathyoM kA hI saMkalana karane ke kAraNa mohanIya karma kI 28 aura nAma karma kI uttara prakRtiyoM kA ullekha sthAnAMga meM na honA svAbhAvika pratIta hotA hai parantu antarAya karma kI 5 avAntara prakRtiyoM kA ullekha na honA vicAraNIya hai| yahA~ yaha ullekha karanA aprAsaMgika nahIM hogA ki uttarAdhyayanA ke 33veM adhyayana meM antarAya kI dAna, lAbha, bhoga, upabhoga aura vIrya ye 5 avAntara prakRtiyA~ nAma sahita nirdiSTa haiM isasase yaha niSkarSa nikAlA jA sakatA hai ki uttarAdhyayana kA yaha adhyayana sthAnAMga kA uttaravartI hai aura sAtha hI uttara prakRtiyoM kI saMkhyA meM kramika vikAsa huA hai| karma ke pradeza aura anubhAva do prakAra batAye gaye haiN|62 hiMsA Adi duSTakarmoM ko duzcIrNa karma (ducciNNa), tapa Adi karmoM ko sucIrNa (suciNNa)63 kahA gayA hai| yadyapi inakA saiddhAntika dRSTi se vizeSa mahatva nahIM hai kyoMki inakA artha kramazaH duSTakarma yA pApakarma aura puNyakarma hai aura karmoM ke puNya aura pApa hone kI avadhAraNA AcArAMga meM A cukI thii| sthAnAMga meM karma ke zubhatva azubhatva04 para bhI samyak vicAra kiyA gayA hai| ise prakRti aura bandha ke cAra bhaMgoM ke mAdhyama se vyakta kiyA gayA hai -- 1. zubha aura zubha 2. zubha aura azubha 3. azubha aura zubha 4. azubha aura ashubh| bhaMgoM meM prayukta prathamapada prakRti aura dvitIya pada anubandha ke lie hai| isI prakAra prakRti aura vipAka kI dRSTi se cAra bhaMgoM meM karma kA zubhatva aura azubhatva batAyA gayA hai| kriyA sthAno ke sambandha meM karma ke IryApathika aura samparAyika karma kA bhI ullekha eka sAtha AyA hai| yadyapi sUtrakRtAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha meM IryApathika aura dvitIya zrutaskandha meM sAmparAyika karma kI carcA hai parantu sUtrakRtAMga kA dvitIya zrutaskandha, prathama zrutaskandha se bAda kA mAnA jAtA hai| ataH yadi sUtrakRtAMga ke dvitIya zrutaskandha ko sthAnAMga se paravartI mAnA jAya to sthAnAMga kA yaha ullekha mahattvapUrNa mAnA jA sakatA hai| sthAnAMga meM karmabandha ke cAra prakAroM prakRti, sthiti, anubhAga aura pradeza kA tathA bandha ke do prakAroM preya aura dveSa bandha kA ullekha hai|04caarkssaay aura pramAda kA alaga-alaga nirdeza hone ke sAtha-sAtha Asava ke 5 kAraNoM ke spa meM mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga kA eka sAtha bhI nirdeza kara diyA gayA hai| parantu isase pUrvavartI RSibhASita meM ina pA~ca kAraNoM kA ullekha prApta hotA hai ataH karma siddhAnta ke vikAsa kI dRSTi se isameM ullekha honA vizeSa mahattvapUrNa nahIM hai| ___ isameM kina-kina kAraNoM se manuSya alpAyuSyakarma, dIrgha-AyuSyakarma kA bandha karatA hai isakA sarvaprathama ullekha milatA hai| yahI nahIM sthAnAMga meM nAraka, tiryaMca manuSya aura devAyu bA~dhane ke kAraNoM para bhI vicAra kiyA gayA hai| jo karma-siddhAnta ke vikAsa kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai| nairayika jIvoM se lekara vaimAnika taka ke sabhI daNDakoM ke jIvoM ke chaH prakAra kA Ayubandha batAyA gayA hai|4 parabhavika Ayurbandha ke prasaMga meM nairayika se lekara vaimAnika taka ke sabhI jIvoM ke bhujyamAna Ayu ke cha: mAsa ke avaziSTa rahane para nArakIya jIva niyama se parabhava kI Ayu kA bandha karate haiN| yaha ullekha hai| sthAnAMga kI yaha avadhAraNA digambara mAnyatA ke viparIta hai ki asaMkhyAta varSa kI Ayu vAle manuSya aura tiryaMca vartamAna bhava kI Ayu ke nau mAha zeSa rahane para parabhava kI 108

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DaoN. azoka kumAra siMha Ayu kA bandha karate haiN| 76 jIvoM ko sadA pratikSaNa mohanIya karma kA bandhana hone kA ullekha hai| 77 mohanIya 78 karma ke udaya se unmAda 79 aura pramAda hone tathA maithuna saMjJA utpanna hone kA nirdeza hai 50 lobha vedanIya karma ke udaya se parigraha saMjJA hone kA ullekha hai| 81 sthAnAMga meM karma kI avasthAoM meM upacaya, bandha, udIraNA, vedanA aura nirjarA kA ullekha hai| 82 eka sthala para jIvoM dvArA ATha karma prakRtiyoM kA saMcaya, upacaya, bandha, udIraNA, vedana aura nirjaraNa kA ullekha hai| sUtrakRtAMga meM carcita udaya, bandha kI apekSA karma kI avasthAoM kI dRSTi se atirikta sUcanA bhI milatI hai| parantu sthAnAMga sahita pUrvavartI sabhI granthoM meM karma kI dasoM avasthAoM kA abhAva yaha iMgita karatA hai ki inakA vikAsa kramazaH huA hai aura sthAnAMga ke kAla taka dasoM avasthAoM kI avadhAraNA nahIM banI thii| sthAnAMga meM karma prakRtiyoM ke vedana aura kSaya kA AdhyAtmika dRSTi se bhI vicAra kiyA gayA hai| yadyapi isa dRSTi se kucha bikhare hue sUtra hI prApta hote haiM kSINamoha vAle arhanta ke tIna satkarma eka sAtha naSTa hote haiM-jJAnAvaraNIya darzanAvaraNIya aura antarAya 83 prathama samayavartI kevalI jina ke jJAnAvaraNIya darzanAvaraNIya moha aura AntarAyika ye cAra karma kSINa ho cuke hote haiM 34 prathama samavavartI siddha ke cAra satkarma eka sAtha kSINa hote Wo * vedanIya, Ayu, nAma aura gotra 85 / 84 ---- isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki karma kI avAntara prakRtiyoM ke pUrNa vyavasthApana se pUrva kI sthiti kA jJAna sthAnAMga se hotA hai| isameM karmabandha aura unake kAraNoM Adi ke sambandha meM sUkSmatA se vicAra kI prakriyA Arambha ho cukI thii| karma kI avasthAoM ke sambandha meM bhI pUrvavartI granthoM kI apekSA vikAsa parilakSita hotA hai| sAtha hI AyuSya karma ke sambandha meM parabhava kI Ayu bA~dhane kA niyata samaya bhI ullikhita hai| samavAyAMga I yaha sAmAnya avadhAraNA hai ki samavAyAMga eka saMgraha grantha hai| ise grantha-baddha karate samaya usa kAla paryanta vidyamAna jaina dharma-darzana sambandhI aneka avadhAraNAoM ko isameM saMgrahIta kara liyA gayA hai| isameM karmasiddhAnta sambandhI ullekhoM kA avalokana karane se bhI isI avadhAraNA kI puSTi hotI hai samavAyAMga meM karma siddhAnta sambandhI jo ullekha milate haiN| saMkSepa meM unheM isa prakAra prastuta kiyA jA sakatA hai| uttara prakRtiyoM kI saMkhyA, vibhinna karmoM kI uttara prakRtiyoM kI saMkhyA kA alaga-alaga yoga, karmabandha ke kAraNa, mohanIya karma ke bandha ke 30 kAraNa, mohanIya karma ke 52 nAma aura vibhinna AdhyAtmika jIvoM kI dRSTi se avAntara karma prakRtiyoM kI sattA aura bandha kA nirdeza uparokta tathyoM ke atirikta bhI jaina karma siddhAnta ke yatra-tatra kucha bikhare hue sUtra milate haiM jinakA vivecana Age kiyA jA rahA hai| I 1 samavAyAMga ke Arambha meM bandhana ke do prakAroM rAga aura dveSa kA 86 5 kAraNoM midhyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga kA ullekha hai jisakI carcA RSibhASita aura sthAnAMga meM A cukI hai| darzanAvaraNIya kI 9 aura mohanIya karma kI 28 avAntara prakRtiyoM, nAma karma kI 42 avAntara prakRtiyoM kA nAma nirdeza isameM milatA hai| sambhavataH samavAyAMga meM antima do ke nAma pahalI bAra nirdiSTa haiM jahA~ taka darzanAvaraNIya karma kI avAntara prakRtiyoM kA nAma - nirdeza pUrvaka ullekha kA sambandha hai isase pUrva uttarAdhyayana aura sthAnAMga meM ye A cukI haiN| nAma karma kI uttara prakRtiyoM kI saMkhyA kI dRSTi se samavAyAMga ke grantha-baddha hone ke bAda bhI isakA vikAsa hotA rahA kyoMki Age calakara nAma karma kI avAntara prakRtiyoM kI saMkhyA kramazaH 67, 93 aura 103 taka prApta hotI hai| mohanIya karma ke 52 nAmo87 kA bhI ullekha hai jisameM krodha kaSAya ke 10, mAnakavAya ke 11 mAyA kathAya ke 109 /

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prAcIna jainagranthoM meM karmasiddhAnta kA vikAsakrama 17 aura lobha kaSAya ke 14 nAma sammilita haiN| samavAyAMga meM vibhinna jIvoM kI dRSTi se avAntara karma prakRtiyoM kI sattA kA bhI nirdeza 4 sthaloM para AyA hai| 21veM samavAya meM ullekha hai ki darzanamohatrika ko kSaya karane vAle nivRttibAdara ko mohanIya karma kI 21 avAntara prakRtiyoM kI sattA rahatI hai|88 26veM samavAya meM abhavya siddhika jIvoM ko mohanIya karma ke 26 karmAza prakRtiyoM kI sattA rahatI hai|89 27veM samavAya meM vedaka samyaktva ke bandha rahita jIva ke mohanIya karma kI 27 prakRtiyoM kI sattA kahI gaI hai| isI prakAra 28veM samavAya meM yaha ullikhita hai ki kitaneka bhavyasiddhika jIvoM ke mohanIya karma kI aTThAIsa prakRtiyoM kI sattA hotI hai| yadyapi samavAyAMga meM guNasthAna pada nahIM AyA hai parantu caudaha jIvasthAna kahakara caudaha guNasthAna ginA diye gaye hai| karmoM kI vizuddhi kI gaveSaNA karane vAle upAyoM kI apekSA caudaha jIvasthAna kahe gaye haiN| isa prakAra samavAyAMga taka bhale hI vartamAna caudaha guNasthAnoM kA astitva A cukA thA para ve abhI jIvasthAna nAma se jAne jAte the| vibhinna AdhyAtmika vikAsa vAle jIvoM ko ba~dhane vAlI karma prakRtiyoM kA bhI ullekha samavAyAMga meM milatA hai -- sUkSma samparAya bhAva meM vartamAna sUkSma samparAya bhagavAn kevala satraha karma prakRtiyoM ko bA~dhate haiN|93 pariNAma vAle aparyAptaka mithyAdRSTi vikalendriya (drIndriya, trIndriya, catarindriya) jIva nAma karma kI 25 uttara prakRtiyoM ko bA~dhate haiN|94 devagati, narakagati ko bA~dhane vAle jIva dvArA 28 karma prakRtiyoM ko bA~dhane kA bhI nirdeza hai| isI krama meM prazasta adhyavasAya se yukta samyagdRSTi bhavya jIva dvArA tIrthaMkara nAma karma ke atirikta nAma karma kI 28 karma prakRtiyoM ko bAMdhakara niyamapUrvaka vaimAnika devoM meM utpanna hone kA ullekha hai| samavAyAMga meM AThoM mUla prakRtiyoM kI avAntara prakRtiyoM meM se kucha ko samaviSTa kara aura kucha ko chor3akara unakA yoga batAyA gayA hai| yadyapi isakA karma-siddhAnta ke vikAsa kI dRSTi se vizeSa mahatva nahIM hai| ina para dRSTipAta karane se isI tathya kI puSTi hotI hai ki nAma karma ko chor3akara zeSa sAta karma-prakRtiyoM kI saMkhyA niyata ho cukI thii| isake atirikta mohanIya karma ke bandha aura sthiti se sambandhita kucha prakIrNa sUcanAyeM milatI hai| samavAyAMga meM mohanIya karma-bandha ke tIsa kAraNa ginAye hai jinakA nirdeza uttarAdhyayana99, AvazyakasUtra100 aura dazAzrutaskandhA meM bhI milatA hai| chedasUtra dazAzruta ke naveM adhyAya (dazA) meM inakA vistAra se ullekha hai| samavAyAMga kI prastAvanA meM zrI madhukara muni ne batAyA hai ki TIkAkAroM ke anusAra mohanIya zabda se sAmAnya rUpa se AThoM karma aura vizeSa rUpa se mohanIya karma grahaNa karanA caahie|102 tAtparya yaha hai ki mohanIya karma ke iMgita kAraNoM ko sAmAnya karma-bandha ke kAraNoM ke rUpa meM bhI liyA jA sakatA hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate hai ki samavAyAMga meM avAntara prakRtiyoM kI dRSTi se nAma karma kI 42 uttara prakRtiyoM kA nAma sahita nirdeza honA, mohanIya karma ke 52 nAma, mohanIya karma bandha ke 30 kAraNa, jIvasthAnoM (guNasthAnoM) kI dRSTi se jIvoM ko ba~dhane vAlI karmaprakRtiyoM kI sUcanA ye kucha aisI vizeSatAyeM haiM jo karma-siddhAnta ke vikAsa kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa haiM aura karma-siddhAnta ke vikAsakrama ko dyotita karatI haiN| 110

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DaoN. azoka kumAra siMha sandarbha-grantha 1. paM. dalasukha bhAI mAlavaNiyA, "AtmamImAMsA" - jaina saMskRti.saMzodhana maNDala, banArasa-5, 1953, 95 2. saM. DaoN. tulasI rAma zarmA - IsTarna buka liMkarsa, dillI, 1976, 1/2/2 3. DaoN. ravIndranAtha mizra - jaina karma siddhAnta udbhava evaM vikAsa, 65, pArzvanAtha zodhapITha, vArANasI-5,1993, 6-18 4. muNI moNaM samAdAya dhuNe kammasarIraMga, 1/2/6/163 AcArAMga-aMgasuttANi prathama, muni nathamala, jaina vizvabhAratI lADanU, prathama saM. 1974 5. DaoN. parameSThIdAsa jaina - AcArAMgasUtra eka adhyayana, pArzvanAtha zodhITha, vArANasI-5, 1987, 130 6. je guNe se AvaTe, je AvaTTe se guNe, 1/1/5/93 - AcArAMga - muni nathamala 7. se AyAvAI, logAvAI, kammAvAI, kiriyAvAI. 1/1/5.vhii| 8. apariNAya kamme khalu ayaM purise... aNegaruvAo joNIo saMghaI, 1/1/1/8, vahI, evaM se hu muNI pariNNAya kamma, 1/1/1/12, vhii| 9. kammuNA uvAhI jAyai, 1/3/1/8/9, vhii| 10. akammassa, 1/3/1/18, vhii| 11. NikkammadaMsI, 1/3/2/35, vhii| 12. .vahI, sandarbha 3 13. kammamUlaM ca jaM chaNa, 1/1/3/21, kAmesugiddhANicayaM karoti, 1/1/3/31, vhii| moheNa gabbha maraNAi eti, 1/5/1/7, vhii| 15. egayA guNa samiyassa rIyatA kAyasaMphAsa samaNuciNsasA egatiyA pANA uddaayNti| ihaloga-veyaNa vejjAvaDiyaM / / 1/5/4/71-72, vhii| 16. je AsavA te parissavA, je parissavA te AsavA, 1/4/2/134, vhii| 16a. sayameva kaDehiM gAhaMti, saM. madhukara muni-sUtrakRtAMga-jaina Agama prakAzana samiti, vyAvara, 1982, 2/1/4 17. jaM jArisaM puvvamakAsi kammaM tamava Agacchati samparAeM evaM jahAMkaDaM kammatahAsibhAre, vahI, 5/2/23 evaM 5/1/26 18. savve samayakammakappiyA, vahI, 2/3/17 19. vahI, 2/3/17 va 2/1/4 20. se jAijAI bahukUrakamme, jaM kuvvai bhijjai teNa vaale| 21. vahI, 1/2/26-27 22. vahI, 23. vahI, 24. vahI, 2/21 25. pamAyaM kammamAhaMsu, appamAyaM thaa'vrN| vahI, 8/3 26. vahI, 8/3 27. daMsaNAvaraNaMtae -- vahI, 15/1 28. vahI, 7/7 29. vahI, 8/8

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DaoN. azoka kumAra siMha 29a. vahI, dvitIya bhutaskandha, 2 adhyayana 30. vahI, 2/1/6 31. vahI, 5/1/8 32. vahI, 2/1/15 33. asesakammaM visohaittA aNuttaraNaM paramasiddhiM, 6 / 18, vahI / 34. saM. mahopAdhyAya vinayasAgara RSibhASita prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura, 1988, 4/7 35. dahI, 4 / 12,13 36., 4/11, 12, 13 a 9/2-3-4 37. vahI, 4 / 12, 13 38. vahI, 9/7 39. vahI, kramazaH 38 / 8, 9, 9/5, 9/7, 31/9 40. vahI, 9/9 41. vahI, 9/2-3 42. gacchaMti kammehiM se sakammasitte, vahI, 2-3, 4/12-13 43. uttarAdhyayana, saM. madhukara muni Agama prakAzana samiti, vyAvara, 1984, 13/23-24 44. vahIM, 4/3 45. vahI, 25/41-43 46. vahI, 4/3 va 3/10-11 47. vahI, kramazaH 29 / 31, 17, 9, 22, 3/11, 10/3, 79 va 18/49 48. vahI, 33/1-18 48a. uttarAdhyayana, vyAvara 49. vahI, 33/1-16 50. vahI, 33/17 51. vahI, 33/18 -- 56. vahI, 5/2/9 57. vahI, 9/14 58. vahI, 9/69 59. vahI, 4/4/579 52. vahI, 25/43 53. saM. madhukara muni sthAnAMgasUtra Agama prakAzana samiti, vyAvara, 1981, 2/2/77 54. vahI, 2/4/424-431 55. vahI, 2/4/431 60. vahI, 4/4/582 61. vahI 33/15 - 1 64. vahI, 4/602-603 65. vahI, 2/1/4 - - 62. sthAnAMgasUtra, vyAvara, 2 / 3 / 265 63. vahI 4/250 112 /

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DaoN. azoka kumAra siMha 66. vahI, 67. vahI, 4/290 68. vahI, 2/393 69. vahI, 2/394 70. vahI, 4/92-94 71. vahI, 5/109 72. vahI, 3/1/17-18 73. vahI, 4/628-31 74. vahI, 6/116-118 75. vahI, 6/119-123 76. gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa) 5/7 kI TIkA 77. sthAnAMga, 78. vahI, 2/75 va 6/43 79. vahI, 80. vahI, 4/4/581 81. vahI, 2/1/4 82. vahI, 4/658 83. vahI, 83/4/527 84. vahI, 4/1/142 85. vahI, 4/1/144 86. saM. madhukara muni- samavAyAMga - Agama prakAzana samiti, vyAvara, 1982, 2/9 87. vahI, 52/284 88. vahI, 21/145 89. vahI, 26/175 90. vahI, 27/180 91. vahI, 28/187 92. vahI, 14/95 93. vahI, 17/122 94. vahI, 25/169 95. vahI, 28/184 96. vahI, 29/193 97. vahI, 39/238, 52/286, 55/297, 58/303 Adi 98. vahI, 30/196 99. . uttarAdhyayana, vyAvara, 31/19 100. saM. madhukara muni AvazyakasUtra - Agama prakAzana samiti, vyAvara, 1985, adhyAya 4. 101. dazAzrutaskandha - anu. AtmArAma, jainazAstramAlA kAryAlaya, lAhaura, adhyAya 9, 1936 102. samavAyAMga - madhukaramuni - bhUmikA, 34 pravaktA, pArzvanAtha zodhapITha, vArANasI-5. 113