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________________ paryuSaNa parva : eka vivecana pro. sAgaramala jaina 1998 jaina vidayA ke AyAma khaMDa 5 ...... Table of Contents paryuSaNa parva : eka vivecana.. prAcIna Agama sAhitya paryuSaNa parva kA itihAsa.... paryaSaNa (pajjosavaNa) zabda kA artha. paryaSaNa ke paryAyavAcI anya nAma................ pajjosavaNA (paryazamanA)................... pajjosavaNA/parivasaNA (parivasanA)... pajjUsaNa (paryuSaNa). vAsAvAsa (varSAvAsa). pAgaiyA (prAkRtika)............ paDhamasamosaraNa (prathama samavasaraNa).. pariyAyaThavaNA/pariyAyavatthaNA (paryAya sthApanA)...... .............. ThavaNA (sthApanA)... ................ jeTThovagga (jyeSThAvagraha)......... ...............6 aSTAhnika parva................. .................6 dazalakSaNa parva... ............... paryuSaNa (saMvatsarI) parva kaba aura kyoM?. kalpasUtra evaM nizItha kA ullekha. nizIthacUrNi kA ullekha....... jIvAbhigamasUtra kA ullekha........... samavAyAGgasUtra kA ullekha .......... ................................................ nizItha kA ullekha.............. sAMvatsarika pratikramaNa tithi bhinna kaise ho gaI?....... nizIthacUrNi aura kalpasUtra kI TIkAoM meM bhAdra zukla caturthI ko saMvatsarI kA ullekha kAlaka AcArya kI kathA............. paryuSaNa/dazalakSaNa aura digambara paramparA ............... samanvaya kaise kareM?. ............ sampUrNa jaina samAja kI ekatA kI dRSTi kA vicAra ................. ................................................... paryuSaNa meM paThanIya Agama grantha. kalpasUtra vAcana kI paramparA - zvetAmbara martipajaka meM antakRt dazAGgasUtra ke vAcaka kI prathA - sthAnakavAsI aura terApaMthI meM... tattvArthasUtra ke dasa adhyAyoM ke vAcana - digambara paramparA meM. paryuSaNa (saMvatsarI) ke Avazyaka kartavya.. .......................... 1. tapa/saMyama...... .......................................... 2. sAMvatsarika pratikraNa/vArSika prAyazcitta.............. 3. kaSAyoM kA upazamana/kSamAyAcanA.. MAAWwN00000NNN0000000 Unr neeew N ............. ................. ............. ............... ......................... ................. Page |1
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________________ prAcIna Agama sAhitya paryuSaNa parva kA itihAsa bhArata parvo (tyohAroM) kA deza hai| vaise to pratyeka mAsa meM koI na koI parva AtA hI hai, kintu varSA Rtu meM parvo kI bahulatA hai jaise - gurupUrNimA, rakSAbandhana, janmASTamI, RSi paJcamI, gaNeza caturthI, ananta caturdazI, zrAddha, navarAtra, dazaharA, dIpAvalI aadi-aadi| varSA Rtu kA jaina paramparA kA prasiddha parva paryaSaNa hai| jaina paramparA meM parvo ko do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai- eka laukika parva aura dUsarA AdhyAtmika prv| paryuSaNa kI gaNanA AdhyAtmika parva ke rUpa meM kI gaI hai| ise parvAdhirAja kahA gayA hai| Agamika sAhitya meM upalabdha sUcanAoM ke AdhAra para paryuSaNa parva kA itihAsa do sahasra varSa se bhI adhika prAcIna pratIta hotA hai| yadyapi prAcIna Agama sAhitya meM isakI nizcita tithi evaM parva ke dinoM kI saMkhyA kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| mAtra itanA hI ullekha milatA hai ki bhAdra zuklA paJcamI kA atikramaNa nahIM karanA caahiye| vartamAna meM zvetAmbara paramparA meM aura digambara paramparA meM yaha parva alaga alaga dina se manAtA hai| * mUrtipUjaka sampradAya ise bhAdra kRSNa dvAdazI se bhAdra zukla caturthI taka tathA . sthAnakavAsI aura terApaMthI sampradAya ise bhAdra kRSNa trayodazI se bhAdra-zakla paJcamI taka * digambara paramparA meM bhAdra zukla paJcamI se bhAdra zukla caturdazI taka manAyA jAtA hai| usameM ise dazalakSaNa parva ke nAma se bhI jAnA jAtA hai| isa prakAra zvetAmbara paramparA meM yaha aSTa divasIya aura digambara paramparA meM daza divasIya parva hai| isake jitane prAcIna evaM vistRta aitihAsika ullekha zvetAmbara paramparA meM prApta haiM, utane digambara paramparA meM nahIM haiN| yadyapi dasa kalpoM (muni ke viziSTa AcAroM) kA ullekha zvetAmbara evaM digambara donoM paramparAoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| ina kalpoM meM eka 'pajjosavaNakappa' (paryuSaNa kalpa) bhI hai| zvetAmbara paramparA ke bRhad-kalpa bhASya' meM, digambara paramparA ke mUlAcAra meM aura yApanIya paramparA ke grantha bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM ina dasa kalpoM kA ullekha hai| kintu ina granthoM kI apekSA bhI adhika prAcIna zvetAmbara chedasUtra-AyAradazA (dazAzrutaskandha) tathA nizItha meM 'pajjosavaNa' kA ullekha hai| AyAradazA ke AThaveM kalpa kA nAma hI paryuSaNa kalpa hai, jisake AdhAra para hI Age calakara kalpasUtra kI racanA huI hai aura jisakA Aja taka paryuSaNa ke dinoM meM vAcana hotA hai| 1 Acelakuddesiya sijjAyara rAyapiMDa kitkmme| vAta jeTTha paDikkamaNe mAsaM pajjosavaNa kppe|| - bRhatkalpabhASya, saMpA0 - puNyavijayajI, prakA0 - AtmAnaMda jaina sabhA, bhAvanagara, vi. saM. 1998, 63641 2 mUlAcAra, vaTTakerAcArya, prakA0 - jainamandira zakkara bAjAra, indaura kI patrakAra prati, samayasArAdhikAra, 181 3 bhagavatI ArAdhanA, zivakoTyAcArya, prakA0 - sakhArAma nemicandra digambara jaina granthAmAlA, zolApuru 1935, 423| Page |2
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________________ paryuSaNa (pajjosavaNa) zabda kA artha AyAradazA evaM nizItha Adi Agama granthoM meM paryuSaNa zabda ke mUla prAkRta rUpa pajjosavaNa zabda kA prayoga bhI aneka arthoM meM huA hai| nimna paMktiyoM meM hama usake ina vibhinna arthoM para vicAra kreNge| zramaNa ke dasa kalpoM meM eka kalpa 'pajjosavaNakalpa' hai| pajjosavaNakalpa kA artha hai - varSAvAsa meM pAlana karane yogya AcAra ke vizeSa niym| AyAradazA (dazAzrutaskandha) ke pajjosavaNAkappa nAmaka aSThama adhyAya meM sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke varSAvAsa sambandhI vizeSa AcAra-niyamoM kA ullekha hai| ataH isa sandarbha meM pajjosavaNa kA artha varSAvAsa hotA hai| * nizItha meM isa zabda kA prayoga eka dina vizeSa ke artha meM huA hai| usameM ullekha hai ki jo bhikSu 'pajjosavaNA' meM kiMcitmAtra bhI AhAra karatA hai use cAturmAsika prAyazcitta AtA hai| isa sandarbha meM 'pajjosavaNa' zabda samagra varSAvAsa kA sUcaka nahIM ho sakatA hai, kyoMki yaha asambhava hai ki sabhI dhviyoM ko cAra mAsa nirAhAra rahane kA Adeza diyA gayA ho| ataH isa sambandha meM pajjosavaNa zabda kisI dina vizeSa kA sUcaka ho sakatA hai, samagra varSAkAla kA nhiiN| * punaH yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki jo bhikSu aparyuSaNakAla meM paryuSaNa karatA hai aura paryuSaNa kAla meM paryuSaNa nahIM karatA hai, vaha dozI hai| yadyapi yahA~ 'pajjosavaNa' ke eka dina vizeSa aura varSAvAsa donoM hI artha grahaNa kiye jA sakate haiN| phira bhI isa prasaGga meM usakA artha eka dina vizeSa karanA hI adhika ucita pratIta hotA hai| nizItha meM pajjosavaNa kA eka artha varSAvAsa ke lie sthita honA bhI hai| usameM yaha kahA hai ki jo bhikSu varSAvAsa ke lie sthita (vAsAvAsaM pajjAsaviyasi) hokara phira grAmAnugrAma vicaraNa karatA hai, vaha doSa kA sevana karatA hai| ataH isa sandarbha meM paryuSaNa kA artha varSAvAsa bitAne hetu kisI sthAna para sthita rahane kA saMkalpa kara lenA hai arthAt aba maiM cAra mAsa taka isI sthAna para rahU~gA aisA nizcaya kara lenA hai| aisA lagatA hai ki paryuSaNa varSAvAsa ke lie eka sthAna para sthiti ho jAne kA eka dina vizeSa thA-jisa dina zramaNa saMgha ko upavAsapUrvaka kezaloca, vArSika pratikramaNa (sAMvatsarika pratikramaNa) aura pajjosavaNAkappa kA pATha karanA hotA thaa| 4 dazAzrutaskandha (AyAradazA), saMpA0- muni kanhaiyAlAla, prakA0-a. bhA. zve. sthA. jainazAstroddhAra samiti, rAjakoTa, 1960 adhyAya 81 je bhikkhu pajjasavaNAe itiriyaM pi AhAraM AhAreti ahAreMte vA saattijjti| -nizIthasUtram, saMpA0 - madhukara muni, prakA0 - zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, 1978, 10/451 'je bhikkhU apajjosavaNAe pajjosavai pajjosavaMtaM vA saaijji| -nizathIsUtrama, saMpA0 - madhukara muni, prakA0 - zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, sthAvara, 1978, 10/43| 'je bhikkhU vAsAvAsaM pajjosaviyasi gAmANugAmaM duijjai duijjata vA sAijjai-nizIthasUtrama, saMpA0 -madhukara muni, prakA0 - zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, sthAvara 1978, 10/41| Page |3
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________________ paryuSaNa ke paryAyavAcI anya nAma 'paryuSaNa' ke aneka paryAyavAcI nAmoM kA ullekha nizIthabhASya ( 3139) tathA kalpasUtra kI vibhinna TIkAoM meM upalabdha hotA hai| isake kucha prasiddha paryAyavAcI zabda nimna haiM - * * * * * * . pajjosavaNA (paryupazamanA), parivasaNA (parivasanA), pajjUsaNo (paryuSaNa), vAsAvAsa (varSAvAsa) pAgaiyA (prAkRtika), paDhamasamosaraNa (prathama samavasaraNa), pariyAyaThavaNA (paryAyasthApanA), * ThavaNA (sthApanA), * jovagga (jyeSThAvagraha ) / isake atirikta vartamAna meM aSTAhnika parva yA aThAI mahotsava nAma bhI pracalita hai| ina paryAyavAcI nAmoM se hameM paryuSaNa ke vAstavika svarUpa kA bhI bodha ho jAtA hai| pajjosavaNA (paryuzamanA) pajjosamaNA zabda kI vyutpatti, pari + upazamana se bhI kI jAtI hai| pari arthAt pUrI taraha se, upazamana arthAt upazAnta krnaa| paryuSaNa parva meM kaSAyoM kI athavA rAga-dveSa kI vRttiyoM ko sampUrNa rUpa se kSaya karane hetu sAdhanA kI jAtI hai, isalie use pajjosamaNA (paryupazamanA ) kahA jAtA hai| pajjosavaNA/parivasaNA (parivasanA ) kucha AcArya pajjosavaNa kI vyutpatti pari + uSaNa se bhI karate haiN| uSaNa dhAtu vas artha meM bhI prayukta hotI hai - uSaNaM = vasanaM / isa prakAra pajjosavaNa kA artha hogA parivasanA arthAt vizeSa rUpa se nivAsa krnaa| paryuSaNa meM eka sthAna para cAra mAsa ke lie munigaNa sthita rahate haiM, isalie ise parivasanA kahA jAtA hai| parivasanA kA AdhyAtmika artha pUrI taraha AtmA ke nikaTa rahanA bhI hai| 'pari' arthAt sarva prakAra se aura 'vasanA' arthAt rahanA- isa prakAra pUrI taraha se AtmA meM nivAsa karanA yA rahanA parivasanA hai, jo ki paryuSaNa ke AdhyAtmika svarUpa ko spaSTa karatA hai| isa parva kI sAdhanA meM sAdhaka bahirmukhatA kA parityAga kara tathA viSaya-vAsanAoM se mu~ha mor3akara AtmasAdhanA meM lIna rahatA hai| - pajjUsaNa (paryuSaNa) 'pari' upasarga aura 'uS' dhAtu ke yoga se bhI paryuSaNa zabda kI vyutpatti mAnI jAtI hai| uS dhAtu dahana artha kI bhI sUcaka hai| isa vyAkhyA kI dRSTi se isakA artha hotA hai sampUrNa rUpa se dagdha karanA athavA jalanA / isa parva meM sAdhanA evaM tapazcaryA ke dvArA karma rUpI mala ko athavA kaSAya . pari-sAmastyena uSaNaM-vasanaM paryuSaNA- kalpasUtra, suvidhinI TIkA, vinayavijayopAdhyAya, prakA0 - hIrAlAla haMsarAja, jAmanagara 1939, q. 1721 Page | 4
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________________ rUpI mala ko dagdha kiyA jAtA hai, isalie pajjUsaNa (paryaSaNa) AtmA ke karma evaM kaSAya rUpI maloM ko jalA kara usake zuddha svarUpa ko prakaTa karane kA parva hai| vAsAvAsa (varSAvAsa) 'paryuSaNAkalpa' meM paryuSaNa zabda kA prayoga varSAvAsa ke artha meM bhI huA hai| varSAkAla meM sAdhu-sAdhvI eka sthAna para sthita rahakara paryuSaNa kalpa kA pAlana karate hue 'AtmasAdhanA' karate haiM, isalie ise vAsAvAsa (varSAvAsa) bhI kahA jAtA hai| pAgaiyA (prAkRtika) pAgaiyA kA saMskRta rUpa prAkRtika hotA hai| prAkRtika zabda svAbhAvikatA kA sUcaka hai| vibhAva avasthA ko chor3akara svabhAva avasthA meM pariramaNa karanA hI paryuSaNa kI sAdhanA kA mUla hArda hai| vaha vikRti se prakRti meM AnA hai, vibhAva se svabhAva meM AnA hai, isalie use pAgaiyA (prAkRtika) kahA gayA hai| kAma, krodha, Adi vikRtiyoM (vikAroM) kA parityAga kara kSamA, zAnti, saralatA Adi svAbhAvika guNoM meM ramaNa karanA hI paryuSaNa hai| paDhamasamosaraNa (prathama samavasaraNa) prAcIna paramparA ke anusAra ASAr3ha zuklA pUrNikA ko saMvatsara pUrNa hone ke bAda zrAvaNa kRSNa pratipadA se navavarSa kA prArambha hotA hai| varSa kA prathama dina hone se hame paDhamasamosaraNa (prathama samavasaraNa) kahA gayA hai| digambara jaina paramparA ke anusAra bhagavAn mahAvIra ke prathama samavasaraNa kI racanA aura usakI vAkdhArA kA prasphuTana zrAvaNa kRSNA pratipadA ko huA thaa| isI dina unhoMne prathama upadeza diyA thA, isalie ise prathama samavasaraNa kahA jAtA hai| vartamAnakAla meM bhI cAturmAsa meM sthira hone ke pazcAt cAturmAsika pravacanoM kA prArambha zrAvaNa kRSNA pratipadA se hI mAnA jAtA hai| ataH ise paDhamasamosaraNa kahA gayA hai| nizItha meM paryuSaNa ke lie 'paDhamasamosaraNa' zabda kA prayoga huA hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki jo sAdhu prathama samavasaraNa arthAt zrAvaNa kRSNA pratipadA ke pazcAt vastra, pAtra Adi kI yAcanA karatA hai vaha doSa kA sevana karatA hai| pariyAyaThavaNA/pariyAyavatthaNA (paryAya sthApanA) paryuSaNa parva meM sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ko unake vigata varSa kI saMyama sAdhanA meM huI skhalanAoM kA prAyazcita dekara unakI dIkSA paryAya kA punarnirdhAraNa kiyA jAtA hai| jaina paramparA meM prAyazcita ke vividha rUpoM meM eka rUpa cheda bhI hai| cheda kA artha hotA hai - dIkSA paryAya meM kamI krnaa| aparAdha evaM skhalanAoM kI gurutA ke AdhAra para vividha kAla kI dIkSA cheda kiyA jAtA hai aura sAdhaka kI zramaNa saMgha meM jyeSThatA aura kaniSThatA kA punarnirdhAraNa hotA hai, ataH paryuSaNa kA eka paryAyavAcI nAma pariyAyaThavaNA (paryAya sthApanA) bhI kahA gayA hai| sAdhuoM kI dIkSA paryAya kI gaNanA bhI paryuSaNoM ke AdhAra para kI jAtI hai| dIkSA ke bAda jisa sAdhu ko jitane paryuSaNa hue haiM, usako utane varSa kA dIkSita mAnA jAtA hai| yadyapi paryAyaThavaNA ke isa artha kI apekSA uparyukta artha hI adhika ucita hai| 'nizIthasUtram, saMpA0- madhukara muni, prakA0-zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, 1978, 10/461 Page15
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________________ ThavaNA (sthApanA) cU~ki paryuSaNa (cAturmAsa kAla) kI avadhi meM sAdhaka eka sthAna para sthita rahatA hai isalie ise ThavaNA (sthApanA) bhI kahA jAtA hai| dUsare paryuSaNa (saMvatsarI) ke dina cAturmAsa kI sthApanA hotI hai, isalie bhI ise ThavaNA (sthApanA) kahA gayA hai| jeTThovagga (jyeSThAvagraha) anya RtuoM meM sAdhu-sAdhvI eka yA do mAsa se adhika eka sthAna para sthita nahIM rahate haiM, kintu paryuSaNa (varSAkAla) meM cAra mAsa taka eka hI sthAna para sthita rahate haiM, isalie jeTThovagga (jeSThAvagraha) bhI kahA gayA hai| aSTAhnika parva paryaSaNa ko aSTAhnika parva yA aSTAhnika mahotsava ke nAma se bhI jAnA jAtA hai| vartamAna meM yaha parva ATha dinoM taka manAyA jAtA hai isalie ise aSTAhrika arthAta ATha dinoM kA parva bhI kahate dazalakSaNa parva digambara paramparA meM isakA prasiddha nAma dazalakSaNa parva hai| digambara paramparA meM bhAdra zukla paJcamI se bhAdra taka daza dinoM meM, dharma ke dasa lakSaNoM kI kramazaH vizeSa sAdhanA kI jAtI hai, ataH ise dazalakSaNa parva kahate haiN| paryuSaNa (saMvatsarI) parva kaba aura kyoM? kalpasUtra evaM nizItha kA ullekha prAcIna granthoM vizeSa rUpa se kalpasUtra evaM nizItha ke dekhane se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki paryuSaNa mUlataH varSAvAsa kI sthApanA kA parva thaa| yaha varSAvAsa kI sthApanA ke dina manAyA jAtA thaa| upavAsa, kezaloca, sAMvatsarika pratikramaNa evaM prAyazcitta, kSamAyAcanA (kaSAya-upazamana) aura pajjosavaNAkappa (paryuSaNa kalpa-kalpasUtra) kA pArAyaNa usa dina ke Avazyaka kartavya the| isa prakAra paryuSaNa eka divasIya parva thaa| nizIthacUrNi kA ullekha yadyapi nizIthacUrNi ke anusAra paryuSaNa ke avasara para telA (aSTama bhakta = tIna dina kA upavAsa) karanA Avazyaka thaa| usameM spaSTa ullekha hai ki 'pajjosavaNAe aTThama na karei to cauguru' arthAt jo sAdhu paryuSaNa ke avasara para telA nahIM karatA hai to use guru cAturmAsika prAyazcitta AtA hai|10 isakA artha hai ki paryuSaNa kI ArAdhanA kA prArambha usa dina ke pUrva bhI ho jAtA thaa| 10 nizIthacUrNi, jiNadAsagaNi, prakA0-sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA, 1957,3217| Page |6
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________________ jIvAbhigamasUtra kA ullekha jIvAbhigamasUtra ke anusAra paryuSaNa ke eka aThAI mahotsava (aSTa divasIya parva) ke rUpa meM manAyA jAtA thaa| usameM ullekha hai ki cAturmAsika pUrNimAoM evaM paryuSaNa ke avasara para devatAgaNa nandIzvara dvIpa meM jAkara aSTAhnika mahotsava manAyA karate haiN|11 digambara paramparA meM Aja bhI ASADha, kArtika aura phAlguna kI pUrNimAoM (cAturmAsika pUrNimAoM) ke pUrva aSTAhnika parva manAne kI prathA hai| lagabhaga AThavIM zatAbdI se digambara sAhitya meM isake ullekha milate haiN| prAcIna kAla meM paryuSaNa ASAr3ha pUrNimA ko manAyA jAtA thA aura usake sAtha hI aSTAhnika mahotsava bhI hotA thaa| ho sakatA hai ki bAda meM jaba paryuSaNa bhAdra zukla caturtha/paJcamI ko manAyA jAne lagA to usake sAtha bhI aSTa-divasa jur3e rahe aura isaprakAra vaha aSTa divasIya parva bana gyaa| vartamAna meM paryuSaNa parva kA sabase mahattvapUrNa saMvatsarI parva mAnA jAtA hai| samavAyAGgasUtra kA ullekha samavAyAGgasUtra ke anusAra ASAr3ha pUrNimA se eka mAsa aura bIsa rAtri pazcAt bhAdrapada arthAt zukla paJcamI ko paryuSaNasAMvatsarika pratikramaNa kara lenA caahiye| nizItha kA ullekha nizItha ke anusAra pacAsavIM rAtri kA ullaGghana nahIM karanA caahiye| upavAsapUrvaka sAMvatsarika pratikramaNa karanA, zramaNa kA Avazyaka kartavya to thA hI, lekina nizIthacUrNi meM udayana aura caNDapradyota ke AkhyAna se aisA lagatA hai ki vaha gRhastha ke lie bhI aparihArya thaa| lekina mUla prazna yaha hai ki yaha sAMvatsarika parva kaba kiyA jAya? sAMvatsarika parva ke dina samagra varSa ke aparAdhoM aura bhUloM kA pratikraNa karanA hotA hai, ataH isakA samaya varSAnta hI honA caahiye| prAcIna paramparA ke anusAra ASAr3ha pUrNimA ko varSa kA antima dina mAnA jAtA thaa| zrAvaNa vadI pratipadA se nava varSa kA Arambha hotA thaa| bhAdra zukla caturthI yA paJcamI ko kisI bhI paramparA (zAstra) ke anusAra varSa kA anta nahIM hotaa| ataH bhAdra zukla paJcamI ko sAMvatsarika pratikramaNa kI vartamAna paramparA samucita pratIta nahIM hotii| prAcIna AgamoM meM jo devasika, rAtrika, pAkSika, cAturmAsika aura sAMvatsarika pratikramaNa kA ullekha hai, usako dekhane se aisA lagatA hai ki usa avadhi ke pUrNa hone para hI tat sambandhI pratikramaNa (AlocanA) kiyA jAtA thaa| jisa prakAra Aja bhI dina kI samApti para devasika, pakSa kI samApti para pAkSika, cAturmAsa kI samApti para cAturmAsika pratikramaNa kiyA jAtA hai. usI prakAra varSa kI samApti para sAMvatsarika pratikramaNa kiyA jAnA caahiye| 11 jIvAbhigama-nandIzvara dvIpa vrnnn| Page |7
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________________ sAMvatsarika pratikramaNa tithi bhinna kaise ho gaI? prazna hotA hai ki sAMvatsarika pratikramaNa kI yaha tithi bhinna kaise ho gaI? nizIthacUrNi meM jinadAsagaNi ne spaSTa likhA hai ki paryuSaNa parva para vArSika AlocanA karanI caahiye| (pajjosavanAsu varisiyA AloyaNA daayivaa)| cU~ki varSa kI samApti ASAr3ha pUrNimA ko hI hotI hai, isalie ASAr3ha pUrNimA ko paryuSaNa arthAt sAMvatsarika pratikramaNa karanA caahie| nizIthabhASya meM spaSTa ullekha hai- ASAr3ha pUrNimA ko hI paryuSaNa karanA utsarga siddhAnta hai| sambhavataH isa pakSa ke virodha meM samavAyAGga aura AyAradazA (dazAzrataskandha) ke usa pATha ko prastuta kiyA jA sakatA hai jisake anusAra ASAr3ha pUrNimA ke eka mAsa aura bIsa rAtri ke vyatIta ho jAne para paryuSaNa karanA caahie| cUMki kalpasUtra ke mUla pATha meM yaha bhI likhA huA hai ki zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ne ASAr3ha pUrNimA se eka mAsa aura bIsa rAtri ke vyatIta ho jAne para varSAvAsa (paryuSaNa) kiyA thA usI prakAra gaNadharoM ne kiyA, sthaviroM ne kiyA aura usI prakAra vartamAna zramaNa nirgrantha bhI karate nizcita rUpa se yaha kathana bhAdra zukla paJcamI ko paryuSaNa karane ke pakSa meM sabase bar3A pramANa hai| lekina hameM yaha vicAra karanA hogA ki kyA yaha apavAda mArga thA yA utsarga mArga thA? yadi hama kalpasUtra ke usI pATha ko dekhe to, usameM yaha spaSTa likhA huA hai ki isake pUrva to paryuSaNa evam sAMvatsarika pratikramaNa karanA kalpatA hai, kintu varSA Rtu ke eka mAsa aura bIsa rAtri kA atikramaNa karanA nahIM kalpatA hai- 'aMtarA vi ya kappar3a (pajjosavittae) no se kappai taM rayaNiM uvAiNA vitte|' nizIthacUrNi aura kalpasUtra kI TIkAoM meM bhAdra zukla caturthI ko saMvatsarI kA ullekha nizIthacUrNi meM aura kalpasUtra kI TIkAoM meM bhAdra zukla caturthI ko paryuSaNa yA saMvatsarI karane kA kAlaka AcArya kI kathA ke sAtha jo ullekha hai vaha bhI isa bAta kI puSTi karatA hai ki bhAdra zukla paJcamI ke pUrva to paryuSaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai kintu usa tithi kA atikramaNa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA nizIthacUrNi meM spaSTa likhA hai ki 'AsAr3ha pUrNimAe pajjosevanti esa usaggo sesa kAlaM pajjosevantANAM avvaato| avatAte vi savIsasatirAtamAsAto pareNa atikammauNa vaTTati savIsatirAte mAse puNNe jati vAsakhettaM labbhati to rUkkha heThAvi pajjosaveyavvaM taM puNNimAe paJcamIe, dasamIe, evamAhi pavvesu pajjusaveyavvaM no apavesu arthAt ASAr3ha pUrNimA ko paryuSaNa karanA yaha utsarga mArga hai aura anya samaya meM paryuSaNa karanA apavAda mArga hai| apavAda mArga meM bhI eka mAsa aura 20 dina arthAt bhAdra zukla paJcamI kA atikramaNa nahIM karanA caahiye| yadi bhAdra zukla paJcamI taka bhI nivAsa ke yogya sthAna upalabdha na ho to vRkSa ke 12 nizIthacUrNi, saMpA0-jiNadAsagaNi, prakA0-sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA, 1957,3153| Page |8
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________________ nIce paryuSaNa kara lenA caahie| apavAda mArga meM bhI paJcamI, dazamI, amAvasyA evaM pUrNimA ina parva tithiyoM meM hI paryuSaNa karanA cAhie, anya tithiyoM meM nhiiN| isa bAta ko lekara nizItabhASya evaM cUrNi meM yaha prazna uThAyA gayA hai ki bhAdra zukla caturthI ko aparva tithi meM paryuSaNa kyoM kiyA jAtA hai? isa sandarbha meM usameM kAlaka AcArya kI kathA dI gayI hai| kathA isa prakAra hai kAlaka AcArya kI kathA kAlaka AcArya vicaraNa karate hue varSAvAsa hetu ujjayinI phuNce| kintu kinhIM kAraNoM se rAjA ruSTa ho gayA, ataH kAlaka AcArya ne vahA~ se vihAra karake pratiSThAnapura kI ora prasthAna kiyA aura vahA~ zramaNa saMgha ko Adeza bhijavAyA ki jaba taka hama nahIM pahu~cate haiM taba taka Apa loga paryuSaNa na kreN| vahA~ kA sAtavAhana rAjA zrAvaka thA, usane kAlaka AcArya ko sammAna ke sAtha nagara meM praveza kraayaa| pratiSThAnapura pahu~cakara AcArya ne ghoSaNA kI ki bhAdra zukla paJcamI ko paryuSaNa kreNge| yaha sunakara rAjA ne nivedana kiyA ki usa dina nagara meM indramahotsava hogaa| ataH Apa bhAdra zukla SaSThi ko paryuSaNa kara leN| kintu AcArya ne kahA ki zAstra ke anusAra paJcamI kA atikramaNa karanA kalpya nahIM hai| isa para rAjA ne kahA ki phira Apa bhAdra zukla caturthI ko hI paryuSaNa kreN| AcArya ne isa bAta kI svIkRti de dI aura zramaNa saMghane bhAdra zukla caturthI ko paryuSaNa kiyaa|13 yahA~ aisA lagatA hai ki AcArya lagabhaga bhAdra kRSNa pakSa ke antima dinoM meM hI pratiSThAna para pahuMce the aura bhAdra kRSNa amAvasyA ko paryuSaNa karanA sambhava nahIM thaa| yadyapi ve amAvasyA ke pUrva avazya hI pratiSThAnapura pahu~ca cuke the, kyoMki nizIthacUrNi meM yaha bhI likhA hai ki rAjA ne zrAvakoM ko Adeza diyA ki tuma loga bhAdra kRSNa amAvasyA ko pAkSika upavAsa karanA aura bhAdra zukla pratipadA ko vividha pakavAnoM ke sAtha pAraNe ke lie munisaMgha ko AhAra pradAna krnaa| cU~ki zAstra-AjJA ke anusAra sAMvatsarika pratikramaNa ke pUrva telA karanA hotA thA, ataH bhAdra zukla dvitIyA se caturthI taka zramaNa saMgha ne telA kiyaa| bhAdra zukla paJcamI ko pAraNA kiyaa| janatA ne AhAra-dAna kara zramaNa saMgha kI upAsanA kii| sI kAraNa mahArASTra deza meM bhAdra zukla paJcamI zramaNa pUjA nAma se bhI pracalita hai|14 yaha bhI sambhava hai ki isI AdhAra para hindU paramparA meM RSi paJcamI kA vikAsa haA hai| paryuSaNa/dazalakSaNa aura digambara paramparA jaisA ki hamane pUrva meM nirdeza kiyA ki digambara grantha mUlAcAra ke samayasArAdhikAra kI 118vIM gAthA meM aura yApanIya saMgha ke grantha bhagavatI ArAdhanA kI 423vIM gAthA meM dasa kalpoM ke prasaGga meM paryuSaNa kalpa kA ullekha huA hai| kintu aisA lagatA hai ki paryuSaNa kI mUlabhUta avadhAraNA se dakSiNa bhArata meM vikasita digambara paramparA aparicita hotI hai| mUlAcAra meM muniliGga prasaGga meM dasa kalpa sambandhI 13 vahI, 3153 (kathA vistArapUrvaka varNita hai) 14 vahI, 3153 (kathA vistArapUrvaka varNita hai) Page |9
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________________ jisa gAthA kA ullekha huA hai, use dekhane se jJAta hotA hai ki acelakatA kI puSTi ke lie hI usa gAthA ko bRhad-kalpa-bhASya se yA anyatra kahIM se grahaNa kiyA gayA hai| isakI paravartI gAthAoM meM mayUrapicchi Adi kA vivecana hai| yadi yaha gAthA mUlAcAra kA aGga hotI to usameM isake bAda kramazaH dasa kalpoM kA vivecana honA cAhie thaa| jabaki isakI pUrvavartI gAthA acelakatA kA varNana karatI hai aura paravartI gAthAe~ mayUrapicchikA kaa| Azcarya yaha bhI hai ki mUlAcAra ke TIkAkara AcArya vasunandI zayyAtara evaM pajjosavaNa nAmaka kalpoM ke mUlabhUta arthoM se bhI paricita nahIM haiN| unhoMne pajjosavaNa kalpa kA artha tIrthaGkaroM ke paJcakalyANaka sthAnoM kI paryupAsanA kiyA hai (pajjo-paryA paryupAsanaM niSadyakAyAH paJca-kalyANa sthAnAnAM ca sevanaM paryetyucyate zramaNasya zrAmaNasya vA kalpo vikalpaH zramaNa kalpaH- mUlAcAra, bhAga 2, pR. 105) pajjosavaNA meM Aye hue 'savaNA' kA pAThAntara 'samaNA' kara 'zramaNa' artha kiyA hai jo ki yathArtha nahIM hai aisA lagatA hai ki digambara AcArya pajjosavaNAkappa ke mUla artha se paricita nahIM the| yApanIya zivArya kI bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM bhI inhIM dasa kalpoM kA vivecana karane vAlI gAthA hai| kintu yahA~ para yaha gAthA grantha kA mala aga hai, kyoMki Age aura pIche kI gAthAoM meM bhI kalpa kA vivecana hai| usake TIkAkAra aparAjita sUri ne isa gAthA kI bahuta hI vistRta TIkA likhI hai aura pratyeka kalpa kA vAstavika artha spaSTa kiyA hai| yahI nahIM, unhoMne isa sambandha meM AgamoM (zvetAmbara AgamoM) ke sandarbha bhI prastuta kiye haiN| yaha svAbhAvika bhI thA, kyoMki yApanIya AcArya Agamika sAhitya ko mAnya karate the| aparAjita sUri ne pajjosavaNAkappa kA artha varSAvAsa ke lie eka sthAna para sthita rahanA hI kiyA jo zvetAmbara paramparA se mUla artha ke adhika nikaTa hai| unhoMne cAturmAsa kA utsargakAla eka sau bIsa dina batalAyA hai, sAtha hI yaha bhI batAyA hai ki yadi sAdhu ASAr3ha zukla dazamI ko cAturmAsa sthala para pahu~ca gayA hai to vaha kArtika pUrNimA ke pazcAt tIsa dina aura Thahara sakatA hai| aparAjita sUri ke anusAra apavAda kAla sau dinoM kA hotA hai| yahA~ zvetAmbara paramparA se unakA bheda spaSTa hotA hai, kyoMki zvetAmbara paramparA meM apavAda kAla bhAdra zakla paMcamI se kArtika parNimA sattara dina kA hI hai| isa prakAra ve yaha mAnate hai ki utsarga rUpa meM to ASAr3ha zukla pUrNimA ko aura apavAdarUpa meM usake bIsa dina pazcAt taka bhI paryuSaNa arthAt varSAvAsa kI sthApanA kara lenI caahiye| isa prakAra digambara paramparA ke Agamika AdhAroM para ASAr3ha pUrNimA hI paryuSaNa kI utsarga tithi ThaharatI hai| Aja bhI digambara paramparA meM varSAyoga kI sthApanA ke sAtha aSTAhnika parva manAne kI jo prathA hai vahI paryuSaNa ke mUla hArda ke sAtha upayukta lagatI hai| jahA~ taka dazalakSaNa parva ke itihAsa kA prazna hai vaha adhika purAnA nahIM hai| mujhe aba taka kisI prAcIna grantha meM isakA ullekha dekhane ko nahIM milA hai| yadyapi 17vIM zatAbdI kI eka kRti vrata tithi nirNaya meM yaha ullekha avazya hai ki dazalAkSaNika vrata meM bhAdrapada paJcamI ko proSadha karanA caahie|15 15 dazalAkSaNika vrate bhAdrapada pAse zukle zrI paMcamIdine prodhaH kaaryH| -- vratatithinirNaya, AcArya siMhanandI, prakA0- bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1950, pR. 241 Page | 10
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________________ isase parva kA bhI mukhya dina yahI pratIta hotA hai| 'kSamAdharma' ArAdhanA kA dina hone se bhI yaha zvetAmbara paramparA kI saMvatsarI-parva kI mUla bhAvanA ke adhika nikaTa baiThatA hai| AzA hai digambara paramparA ke vidvAn isa para adhika prakAza ddaaleNge| isa prakAra digambara paramparA meM bhI paryuSaNa kA utsargakAla ASAr3ha pUrNimA aura apavAdakAla bhAdra zukla paJcamI mAnA jA sakatA hai| samanvaya kaise kareM? uparyukta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki ASAr3ha pUrNimA paryuSaNa (saMvatsarI) parva kI apara sImA hai aura bhAdra zukla paJcamI apavAda sImA hai| isa prakAra paryuSaNa ina donoM tithiyoM ke madhya kabhI bhI parva tithi meM kiyA jA sakatA hai| zvetAmbara evaM digambara donoM paramparAoM ke anusAra ASAr3ha pUrNimA ko kezaloca, upavAsa evaM sAMvatsarika pratikramaNa kara varSAvAsa kI sthApanA kara lenI cAhiye, yaha utsarga mArga hai| yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki binA kisI vizeSa kAraNa ke apavAda mArga kA sevana karanA bhI ucita nahIM hai| prAcIna yuga meM jaba upAzraya nahIM the tathA sAdhu sAdhviyoM ke nimitta bane upAzrayoM meM nahIM Thaharate the, taba yogya sthAna kI prApti ke abhAva meM paryuSaNa (varSAvAsa kI sthApanA) kara lenA sambhava nahIM thaa| punaH sAdhu-sAdhviyoM kI saMkhyA adhika hone se AvAsa prApti sambandhI kaThinAI barAbara banI rahatI thii| ataH apavAda ke sevana kI sambhAvanA adhika banI rahatI thii| svayaM bhagavAn mahAvIra ko bhI sthAna sambandhI samasyA ke kAraNa varSAkAla meM vihAra karanA par3A thaa| nizIthacUrNi kI racanA taka arthAt sAtavIM-AThavIM zatAbdI taka sAdhu-sAdhvI sthAna kI upalabdhi hone para apanI evaM sthAnIya saMgha kI suvidhA ke anurUpa ASAr3ha zukla pUrNimA se bhAdra zukla paJcamI taka kabhI bhI paryuSaNa kara lete the| yadyapi usa yuga taka caityavAsI sAdhuoM ne mahotsava ke rUpa meM parva manAnA tathA gRhasthoM ke samakSa kalpasUtra kA vAcana karanA evaM sAMvatsarika pratikramaNa karanA Adi Arambha kara diyA thA, kintu taba bhI kucha kaThora AcAravAna sAdhu the, jo ise AgamAnukUla nahIM mAnate the| unhIM ko lakSya meM rakhakara cUrNikAra ne kahA thA - yadyapi sAdhu ko gRhasthoM ke sammakha paryaSaNa kalpa kA vAcana nahIM karanA cAhie. kintu yadi pAsatthA (caityavAsI-zithilAcArI sAdhu) par3hatA hai to sunane meM koI doSa nahIM hai| lagatA hai ki AThavIM zatAbdI ke pazcAt kabhI saMgha kI ekarUpatA ko lakSya meM rakhakara kisI prabhAvazAlI AcArya ne apavAdakAla kI antima tithi bhAdra zukla caturthI/paJcamI ko paryuSaNa (saMvatsarI) manAne kA Adeza diyA ho| yuvAcArya mizrImalajI ma. ne bhI isa tathya ko svIkAra kiyA hai| ve likhate hai ki 'sAmAnyataH saMvatsara kA artha hai- vrss| varSa ke antima dina kiyA jAne vAlA kRtya sAMvatsarika kahalAtA hai| vaise jaina paramparA ke anusAra ASAr3ha pUrNimA ko saMvatsara samApta hotA hai, aura zrAvaNa pratipadA (zrAvaNa vadI 1) ko nayA saMvatsara prArambha hotA hai| isalie kucha vyakti yaha tarka uThAte haiM ki sAMvatsarika pratikramaNa ASAr3hI pUrNimA ko hI karanA caahie| yahI varSa kA antima dina hai| bhAdrapada zukla paJcamI Page | 11
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________________ ko jaina jyotiSa kI dRSTi se tathA anya kisI bhI dRSTi se varSa kA na antima dina hai aura na prArambhika din| isakA samAdhAna yaha hai ki yadyapi ASAr3ha pUrNimA saMvatsara kA antima dina mAnA gayA hai, kintu zAstra meM jo paryuSaNa kA vidhAna hai vaha ASAr3ha pUrNimA se pacAsa dina ke bhItara kisI parva tithi arthAt paJcamI, dazamI, pUrNimA, amAvasyA Adi meM manAne kA hai| nirdoSa sthAna Adi kI prApti na ho to bhI ASAr3ha pUrNimA se eka mAsa aura bIsa dina bIta jAne para to avazya hI manAnA hotA hai| isa dRSTi se dekheM to ASADha parNimA se pacAsavA~ dina eka nizcita dina hai, isa dina paryaSaNa nizcita rUpa se karanA hI hotA hai| isa dina kA ullaGghana karane para prAyazcitta AtA hai, arthAt anya sabhI vikalpa ke dinoM ko pAra kara lene ke bAda pacAsavA~ dina nirvikalpaka dina hai, ataH isa dina kA sabase adhika mahattva hai| yaha sImA kA vaha antima patthara hai jisakA ullaGghana nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| AcAryoM ne isI dina ko sAMvatsarika pratikramaNa kA dina svIkAra kara dUradarzitA kA paricaya diyA hai, sAtha hI samasta zramaNa saMgha ko ekasUtra meM bA~dhe rakhane kA bhI eka sundara mArga dikhAyA hai| bIca ke dina to apanI-apanI suvidhA ke dina ho sakate haiM, jisa dina jahA~ para jisako sthAna Adi kI suvidhA mile vaha usI parva tithi (paJcamI-dazamI-pUrNimA Adi) ko paryuSaNa kara le to isase saGgha meM bahurUpatA A jAtI hai, vibhinnatA AtI hai, phira muNDe-muNDe matirbhinnA vAlI sthiti A sakatI hai, isalie bhAdrapada zukla paJcamI arthAt ASAr3ha pUrNimA se pacAsaveM dina paryuSaNa karane arthAt sAMvatsarika pratikramaNa karane kA nizcita vidhAna hai, jo saGgha kI ekatA aura zramaNa saGgha kI anuzAsanabaddhatA ke lie bhI atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai'|16 sampUrNa jaina samAja kI ekatA kI dRSTi kA vicAra yadi sampUrNa jaina samAja kI ekatA kI dRSTi se vicAra kareM to Aja sAdhu-sAdhvI varga ko sthAna upalabdha hone meM sAmAnyatayA koI kaThinAI nahIM hotI hai| Aja sabhI paramparA ke sAdhu-sAdhvI ASAr3ha pUrNimA ko varSAvAsa kI sthApanA kara lete hai aura jaba apavAda kA koI kAraNa nahIM hai to phira apavAda kA sevana kyoM kiyA jAye? dUsare bhAdrapada zukla pakSa meM paryuSaNa/saMvatsarI karane se jo apkAya aura trasa kI virAdhanA se bacane ke lie saMvatsarI ke pUrva kezaloca kA vidhAna thA usakA koI mUla uddezya hala nahIM hotA hai| varSA meM bAloM ke bhIgane se apkAya kI virAdhanA aura trasa jIvoM ke utpatti kI sambhAvanA rahatI hai| ataH utsarga mArga ke rUpa ASAr3ha pUrNimA ko saMvatsarI/paryuSaNa karanA hI upayukta hai, isameM Agama se koI virodha bhI nahIM hai aura samagra jaina samAja kI ekatA bhI bana sakatI hai| sAtha hI do zrAvaNa yA do bhAdrapada kA vivAda bhI svAbhAvika rUpa se hala ho jAtA hai| yadi apavAda mArga ko hI svIkAra karanA hai to phira apavAda mArga ke antima dina bhAdra zukla paJcamI ko svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| isa dina ko sthAnakavAsI aura terApaMthI samAja to mAnatA hI hai, mUrtipUjaka samAja ko bhI isameM Agamika dRSTi se koI bAdhA nahIM AtI hai, kyoMki kAlakAcArya kI bhAdrapada zukla caturthI kI vyavasthA apavAdika vyavasthA thI aura eka nagara vizeSa kI paristhiti vizeSa 16 paryuSaNa parva pravacana, saMpA0 - zrIcanda surAnA, prakA0 - muni zrI hajArImala smRti prakAzana, byAvara, 1976, pR. 37-381 Page | 12
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________________ para AdhArita thii| Aja cU~ki usakA koI kAraNa nahIM, punaH svayaM nizIthacUrNi ke anusAra caturthI aparva tithi hai; ataH ASADha pUrNimA aura bhAdra zukla paJcamI meM se kisI eka dina ko parva kA mUla dina cuna liyA jaaye| zeSa dina usake Age ho yA pIche, yaha adhika mahattva nahIM rakhatA hai-suvidhA kI dRSTi se una para eka Ama sahamati banAI jA sakatI hai| paryuSaNa meM paThanIya Agama grantha kalpasUtra vAcana kI paramparA - zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka meM vartamAna meM zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka paramparA meM paryuSaNa meM kalpasUtra vAcana kI paramparA hai| pahale paryuSaNa (saMvatsarI) ke dina sAdhugaNa rAtri ke prathama prahara meM dazAzrutaskandha (AyAradazA) ke AThaveM adhyayana paryuSaNa kalpa kA pArAyaNa karate the, jise pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne vartamAna kalpasUtra kA pracInatama aMza batAyA hai| kAlAntara meM isa adhyAya ko usase alaga kara tathA isake sAtha mahAvIra, pArzvanAtha, ariSTanemi aura RSabha ke jIvanavRttoM evaM anya tIrthaMkaroM ke sAmAnya ullekhoM tathA sthavirAvalI (mahAvIra se paravartI AcArya paramparA) jo jor3akara kalpasUtra nAmaka svatantra grantha kI racanA kI gaI, jo ki lagabhaga pandraha sau varSoM se paryuSaNa parva meM par3hA jAtA hai| paryuSaNa ke avasara para janasAdhAraNa ke samakSa kalpasUtra par3hane kI paramparA kA prArambha vIra nirvANa ke 980 yA 993 varSa ke bAda Anandapura nagara meM dhruvasena rAjA ke samaya huA thaa| janasAdhAraNa ke samakSa par3hane ke uddezya se hI isameM tIrthaGkaroM ke jIvana caritroM kA samAveza kiyA gayA thA kyoMki usa samaya taka hinduoM aura bauddhoM meM bhI apane upAsya devoM ke jIvana caritroM ko janasAdhAraNa ke samakSa par3hane kI prathA prArambha ho cukI thI aura jaina AcAryoM ke lie bhI yaha Avazyaka ho gayA thA ki ve bhI apane upAsya tIrthaGkaroM kA jIvanavRtta apane anuyAyiyoM ko btaayeN| dhruvasena ke putrazoka ko dUra karane kA kathAnaka isa paramparA ke prArambha hone kA ka nimitta mAnA jA sakatA hai, kintu usakA mUla kAraNa to uparyukta tatkAlIna paristhiti hI thii| yadyapi isake pUrva bhI 'paryuSaNa-kalpa' kI AvRtti paryuSaNa (saMvatsarI) ke dina muni varga sAmUhika rUpa se karatA thA, tathApi nizItha ke anusAra usakA gRhasthoM evaM anya tairthikoM ke sAtha paryuSaNa karane kA cAturmAsika prAyazcita (arthAt 120 dina ke upavAsa kA daNDa) batAyA gayA hai- je bhikkhU aNNautthieNavA gAratthieNavA pajjosavei pajjosavaMtaM vA sAijjai-nizItha (10/47) / sambhavataH yaha niSedha isalie kiyA gayA thA ki paryuSaNa-kalpa kA vAcana gRhasthoM evaM anya tairthikoM ke samakSa karane para unheM mani ke varSAvAsa sambandhI AcAra niyamoM kI jAnakArI ho jAyegI aura kisI ko usake viparIta AcaraNa karate dekhakara ve usakI AlocanA kareMge, isase saGgha kI badanAmI hogii| yaha bhI sambhava hai nizItha kI racanA ke samaya taka mani jIvana meM zithilAcAra praviSTa ho gayA ho, ataH janasAdhAraNa ke samakSa muni AcAra kA vivecana karanA ucita nahIM samajhA jAtA ho| isa niSedha kA eka tAtparya yaha bhI ho sakatA hai ki paryuSaNa-kalpa kI AvRtti ke sAtha sAMvatsarika pratikramaNa ke avasara para sAdhuoM ko unake vigata varSa ke aticAroM yA doSoM kA prAyazcitta bhI Page | 13
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________________ diyA jAtA rahA ho| anya tairthikoM yA gRhasthoM ke upasthiti rahane para prathama to sAdhu apane aparAdhoM yA doSoM ko svIkAra hI nahIM kareMge, sAtha hI sabake samakSa daNDa diye jAne para unakI badanAmI hogii| ataH sAMvatsarika pratikramaNa aura paryuSaNa-kalpa kA janatA ke samakSa vAcana pahale niSiddha thaa| kintu kAlAntara meM usa samAcArI (AcAra sambandhI bhAga) ko gauNa karake tathA usameM kathA bhAga, itihAsa ko jor3akara gRhasthoM ke samakSa usake paThana kI paramparA pracalita ho gaI, jo ki Aja 1500 varSoM se nirantara pracalita hai| antakRt dazAGgasUtra ke vAcaka kI prathA - sthAnakavAsI aura terApaMthI meM zvetAmbara samAja kI sthAnakavAsI aura terApaMthI paramparAoM meM kalpasUtra ke sthAna para antakRt dazAGgasUtra ke vAcaka kI prathA hai| isakA prArambha sthAnakavAsI paramparA ke udbhava ke sAtha hI huA hai| ataH yaha prathA 400 varSa se adhika purAnI nahIM hai| yadyapi mUla kalpasUtra meM aisA kucha nahIM hai jo sthAnakavAsI paramparA ke pratikUla ho, phira bhI isa navIna prathA kA prArambha kyoM huA yaha vicAraNIya hai| prathama kAraNa to yaha ho sakatA hai ki zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka paramparA se apanI bhinnatA rakhane ke lie isakA vAcana prArambha kiyA gayA ho| dUsare ise isalie cunA gayA ho ki paryuSaNa ke ATha dina mAne gaye the aura yaha aSTama aGga thA tathA isameM ATha hI varga the| tIsare yaha ki kalpasUtra kI apekSA bhI isameM tapa-tyAga kI vistRta carcA thI, jo ADambara rahita tapa-tyAgamaya AcAra pradhAna sthAnakavAsI paramparA ke lie adhika anukUla thii| cauthe kalpasUtra kA jina TIkAoM ke sAtha vAcana ho rahA thA, unameM mUrtipUjA Adi sambandhI aise prasaGga the jinakA vAcana karanA unake lie sambhava nahIM thaa| ataH unheM eka naye Agama kA cunAva hI adhika upayukta lagA ho| antakRt dazAGgasUtra meM prathama pA~ca vargoM meM bhagavAn ariSTanemi kAla ke 41 tyAgI puruSoM evaM 10 mahilAoM kA jIvanavRtta hai| zeSa tIna vargoM meM mahAvIrakAlIna 16 tyAgI puruSoM evaM 23 mahilAoM kA jIvanavRtta hai, jinhoMne sAdhanA ke uttuGga zikharoM para car3hakara tathA dehabhAva se Upara uThakara kaThora tapazcaryAe~ kI aura apane antima samaya meM kaivalya ko prApta kara mokSarUpI lakSmI kA varaNa kiyaa| tattvArthasUtra ke dasa adhyAyoM ke vAcana - digambara paramparA meM digambara paramparA meM ina dazalakSaNaparva ke dinoM meM tattvArthasUtra ke dasa adhyAyoM ke vAcana kI paramparA rahI hai, jo dina kI saMkhyA ke sAtha saGgatipUrNa hai| tattvArthasUtra jaina tattvajJAna kA sArarUpa grantha hone se parva ke dina meM isakA vAcana upayukta hI hai| isI prakAra dasa dharmoM para pravacana bhI naitika cetanA ke jAgaraNa kI dRSTi se ucita hai| yadyapi vibhinna paramparAoM meM paryuSaNa meM paThanIya granthoM meM se kisI kA bhI mahattva kama nahIM hai, kintu jaina saGgha kI ekAtmakatA kI dRSTi se kisI samaNasuttaM jaise sarvamAna grantha ke vAcana kI paramparA bhI prArambha kI jA sakatI hai| Page | 14
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________________ paryuSaNa (saMvatsarI) ke Avazyaka kartavya 1. tapa/saMyama nizItha ke anusAra paryuSaNa ke dina kaNamAtra bhI AhAra karanA varjita thaa|17 nizIthabhASya meM spaSTa rUpa se yaha kahA gayA hai ki jo sAdhu pakkhI ko upavAsa, caumAsI ko belA aura pajjosavaNa (saMvatsarI) ko telA nahIM karatA hai, use kramazaH mAsaguru, caturlaghu ora caturguru kA prAyazcitta AtA hai| yadyapi cUrNi meM yaha mAna liyA gayA hai ki kisI paristhiti vizeSa ke kAraNa paryuSaNa meM AhAra karatA huA bhI zuddha hai|18 sAdhu-sAdhvI varga ke sAtha hI zrAvaka varga meM paryuSaNa (saMvatsarI) meM upavAsa karane kI paramparA thii| nizIthacUrNi meM caNDapradyota aura udayana kI kathA se yaha bAta siddha hotI hai (nizIthacUrNi, bhAga-3, pR. 147) / isa prakAra paryuSaNa parva meM tapa sAdhanA eka Avazyaka kartavya hai| tapa kA mUla uddezya apanI indriyoM para saMyama rakhanA hai aura paryuSaNa saMyama-sAdhanA kA parva hai| 2. sAMvatsarika pratikraNa/vArSika prAyazcitta paryuSaNa kA dUsarA mahatvapUrNa kartavya sAMvatsarika prtikrmnn| vArSika prAyazcitta hai| vigata varSa meM hue vratabhaMga, doSasevana, anAcAra yA durAcAroM kA antarnirIkSaNa kara, unakI AlocanA kara, unake lie prAyazcitta grahaNa karanA yaha paryuSaNa kA dUsarA Avazyaka kartavya hai| zramaNa, zramaNI, zrAvaka evaM zrAvikA sabhI ke lie yaha Avazyaka hai| 3. kaSAyoM kA upazamana/kSamAyAcanA jaina sAdhanA nirgrantha bhAva kI sAdhanA hai, jIvana se kAma-krodha kI gA~ThoM kA visarjana hai, rAga-dveSa se Upara uThanA hai| cAhe zrAvakatva ho yA zramaNatva isI bAta para nirbhara karatA hai ki vyakti kI krodha, ahaMkAra, kapaTa aura lobha kI vRttiyA~ zithila hoN| mana tRSNA evaM Asakti ke tanAvoM se mukta ho| paryaSaNa inhIM kI sAdhanA kA parva hai| kalpasatra meM kahA gayA hai- yadi kleza utpanna haA ho to sAdha kSamAyAcanA kara le| kSamAyAcanA karanA, kSamA pradAna karanA, upazama dhAraNa karanA aura karavAnA sAdhu kA Avazyaka kartavya hai, kyoMki jo upazama (zAnti) dhAraNa karatA hai, vaha (bhagavAn kI AjJA kA) ArAdhaka hotA hai, jo aisA nahIM karatA hai, vaha virAdhaka hotA hai, kyoMki upazamana hI zramaNa jIvana kA sAra hai (uvasama sAraM khu saamnnnnN)|19 nizIthacUrNi meM kahA gayA hai ki yadi anya samaya meM hue kleza kaTutA kI usa samaya kSamAyAcanA na kI gaI ho to paryuSaNa meM avazya kara leveN|20 isa prakAra paryuSaNa tapa, saMyama kI sAdhanA ke sAtha kaSAyoM ke upazamana kA parva hai| kSamAyAcanA eka aisA upAya hai, jo kaTutA ke mala ko dhokara hRdaya ko nirmala banA detA hai| pro. sAgaramala jaina 1998 - jaina vidayA ke AyAma khaMDa 5 17 je bhikkhU pajjasavaNAe itiriyaM pi AhAraM AhAreti AhArentaM vA saatijjti| --nizithasUtram, saMpA0 - madhukara muni, prakA0 - zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, 1978, 10/451 18 paMjjosavaNaAe jai aTThamaM na karei to cauguruM, kAraNe hiM pajjosavaNAe AhAreMto suddho| -- nizithacUrNi, saMpA0 - jinadAsagaNi, prakA0 -sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA, 1975, 3217| 19 kalpasUtra, 2861 20 kasAya kaDatAe na khAmitaM to-pajjosavaNA su avassaM viosveyvvN| --nizIthacUrNi, jinadAsagaNi, prakA0-sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA, 1957,31791 Page | 15