Nalrayavadanti Charita

Author(s): Ernest Bender
Publisher: American Philosophical Society
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/032084/1

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TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY HELD AT PHILADELPHIA FOR PROMOTING USEFUL KNOWLEDGE NEW SERIES-VOLUME 40, PART 4 1950 THE NALARAYADAVADANTICARITA (ADVENTURES OF KING NALA AND DAVADANTI) A WORK IN OLD GUJARATI Edited and translated with a grammatical analysis and glossary by ERNEST BENDER South Asia Regional Studies Department and Oriental Studies Department, University of Pennsylvania THE AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY INDEPENDENCE SQUARE PHILADELPHIA 6 MARCH, 1951

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The Transactions of the American Philosophical Society is published as an annual volume, ordinarily consisting of several numbers. An author desiring to submit a manuscript for publication should send it to the Editor, Luther P. Eisenhart, American Philosophical Society, 104 South Fifth Street, Philadelphia 6, Pa. The annual subscription price is six dollars; combined with a subscription to the Proceedings, the price is ten dollars. Individual copies of the Transactions are offered for sale. This issue is priced at $2.00. LANCASTER PRESS, INC., LANCASTER, PA.

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TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY HELD AT PHILADELPHIA FOR PROMOTING USEFUL KNOWLEDGE NEW SERIES-VOLUME 40, PART 4 1950 THE NALARAYADAVADANTICARITA (ADVENTURES OF KING NALA AND DAVADANTI) A WORK IN OLD GUJARATI Edited and translated with a grammatical analysis and glossary by ERNEST BENDER South Asia Regional Studies Department and Oriental Studies Department, University of Pennsylvania THE AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY INDEPENDENCE SQUARE PHILADELPHIA 6 MARCH, 1951

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PREFACE I take the opportunity here to express my deepest Edgerton for his helpful suggestions; to Professor gratitude to my teacher, Professor W. Norman Brown, Walter E. Clark of Harvard University for affording for his encouragement and guidance, and for the help me access to the manuscript and to the library of Harwithout which this study could not have been brought vard University where it reposes; to the library of the to completion. It is with pleasure, indeed, that I University of Pennsylvania for making its facilities dedicate it to him. available to me; to Mr. Tikkekar and the library of To Professor Zellig S. Harris I am indebted for his the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society; to instruction in linguistic science and his invaluable the Sri Sagargacchano Jaina Jnanabhandar of the Sri assistance in solving the problems encountered. It is Hemacandracarya Jaina Jnanamandir at Patan; to a pleasure to indicate my debt to Muni Sri Punyavi- the Sri Jaina Ananda Pustakalaya at Surat; to Mr. jayaji who gave so generously of his erudition. Umakant P. Shah for his valuable assistance to my Through his kindness I was enabled to use manu- researches in Baroda and his many other kindnesses; scripts which would otherwise not have been accessible and to the staff of the American Philosophical Society to me. for assistance in preparing the manuscript for the I am very grateful to the American Council of printer. Learned Societies for its several grants aiding my Finally, I am happy to acknowledge my gratitude studies both in this country and in India the result of to the American Philosophical Society for its publicawhich is this investigation. tion of this text. Acknowledgments are due also to Professor Franklin E. B. 265

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THE NALARAYADAVADANTICARITA (Adventures of King Nala and Davadanti) Edited by ERNEST BENDER CONTENTS PAGE III. Text .... ......... 308 PAGE ... 267 267 560 268 IV. Translation ......... I. Introduction...... 1. The source of the materials.... 2. The story and its significance... 3. The meters... II. Grammar 1. Phonology......... . .. 2. Morphology ..... 3. Notes on syntax....... . V. Glossary ......... ......... 302 VI. References........ ................. I. INTRODUCTION 1. THE SOURCE OF THE MATERIALS there is a blank space in the center, as the conventional The Nalarayadavadanticarita is an Old Gujarati! survival of the rubrication for the string-hole in the rendition of the Jain parallel to the Nala-Damayanti old palm-leaf manuscripts. Folios one and fourteen, story of the Mahabharata. As with other parallel verso, mark the title in the upper left-hand margin. P, No. 9526 in the Sri Sagargacchano Jaina Jain, Hindu, and Buddhist stories and motifs, the work has many unique features, since the Jain story-teller Jnanabhandar of the Sri Hemacandracarya Jaina employed it for the edifying presentation of the Jain Jnanamandir at Patan, consists of twenty-one folios, religion. each folio measuring 7.88 by 4.25 inches. Folios one, The present edition is based upon four paper manu two, and twenty-one have twelve lines of writing on scripts. These are, for facility of reference, desig each side; folios three through thirteen, recto, and fifteen through twenty have thirteen lines per side; and nated B, H, P, and S. B, B.D. 83, No. 1918, in the collection of the library folios thirteen, verso, through fourteen, verso, have of the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society fourteen lines per side. S, No. 2946 of the Sri Jaina Ananda Pustakalaya at Bombay, consists of eight folios, of which number 45 at Surat, consists of fourteen folios, of which folios one six is missing. Each folio measures 11.25 by 4.75 at inches, and has nineteen full lines of writing on each and two are lacking. Each folio measures 4.25 by 10.37 inches, having thirteen full lines of writing on side, except for folios three and four, which have twenty lines, and folio eight, verso, which has twenty, each page. and finishes the text along the right-hand margin. Of the four manuscripts the text of P is in the best H, No. 2137 % in the Indic manuscript collection of state of preservation. The others, or what remains of the Harvard University Library, consists of fourteen the others, are in good condition and clearly written in folios, each folio measuring 10.50 by 4.40 inches. the Devanagari script. The manuscripts usually indiExcept for the verso side of folio fourteen, there are cate the e- and o- vowels by writing the stroke over on each side fourteen lines of writing. On each page the aksara; in a few instances they are marked, as in the Jaina Devanagari script, with a stroke before the 1 See Tessitori, 1914: 43:21 and footnote. aksara to indicate the e-vowel and strokes on both ?H.D. Velankar in his register of Jaina works, "Jinaratnakosa," sides to indicate the o-vowel. H writes the arlists other manuscripts-two at Limdi, two at Surat, and one at diphthong 6 in stanzas 125 and 129 with the usual two the Bhandar of the Vimala Gaccha Upasraya, at Falusha's Pole, Ahmedabad. With the exception of one of the Surat manu strokes over the aksara in daineva and darva, respecscripts, the S of this study (the other could not be located), these tively. B indicates the ar of 'vairagi in 311, in the were not available to me. I have recently received word from same manner, while H employes the Jaina Devanagari Mr. Shah that copies of two manuscripts of the Nalarayadavadanticarita have been obtained for me, once again, through the kind The name on the paper cover wrapped around this manuscript help of Muni Sri Punyavijayaji, and are on their way. Unfor- is "Naladavadanticaritarasa." This never appears in the text. tunately, they will arrive too late for incorporation in this study. The name on the paper wrapper is "Naladamayanticopai." However, any new evidence they may offer will be published in this never occurs in the text. a future article. . The ai-diphthong is written thus (a) to distinguish it from * Poleman, 1938: No. 5559. the vowels ai in conjunction. 267

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BENDER: THE NALARAYADAVADANTICARITA 268 method by writing one stroke before the aksara and another above it. The kh-sound is represented by both the kh- and the s-aksaras. The s- and y-aksaras are used to indicate these phonemes in Sanskrit loanwords. There is no indication of the cerebral / or the bilabial spirant f of Modern Gujarati. B and S paint out mistakes in the text with yellow. H does not write the upper line over an aksara which is to be deleted. Once, in stanza 174, H indicates the aksara to be deleted by writing two dots over it. Omissions in the text of B, P, and S are marked by a cross at the place and the part omitted written in the right- or left-hand margin either parallel with the line or in the top or bottom margin in a line vertical with the place of omission-the part to be inserted being flanked by a cross on each side. Some of the corrections of B, P, and S seem to be in a hand different from that of the original scribe. H, in the few places, where a word or an aksara has been omitted in oversight, inserts it directly over its position in the line-the insertions having been made by the hand of the original scribe. H has no writing in the margins. The character "2" is used to indicate the repetition of a word after which it is placed (e.g., suguruvani 2 (5), dini 2 (38), and narahiva 2 (292)). In stanzas 74 to 77 of H, P, and S, where the "2" is placed at the end of each line, it seems to indicate emphasis in reading. Compare B which writes "tu." All the manuscripts have errors in the numbering of the stanzas. H, P, and S have five, four, and six errors, respectively, but in each case provision is made for the oversight. B has the greatest number of errors, originating from writing "31" for stanza 32, continuing thus through to 77 which it numbers "75" -and so on through 318. The discrepancies are not corrected until the next stanza (319) which is broken up into three stanzas: 317, 318, and 319. The halfand the full-lines are, for the most part, correctly marked. The names of the metres, the ragas, the numbers of the stanzas, the examples of the tune to be followed in reading, and the refrains (the last in abbreviation) are rubricated. The benedictions at the beginning of each of the manuscripts vary. B has: "om. Praise to the gurus, Sri Pujyasuri and Sri Parsvacandrasuri." H has: "om. arham." P reads: "om. arham. Praise to the holy Svami, Gotama." The last stanza (322) comprises the first part of the colophon. All read: "The reverend Jayakirti, prince of suris, head of the noble Ancala Gaccha, the ganadhara, the guru, through reverence to whom destruction is driven afar, his pupil, Rsivardhana, with great delight composed in poetry the adventures of King Nala and Davadanti. . . ." At this point H varies from the others. B, P, and S read: ". . . at the end of the Samvat year 1512, while he was staying in the city of 7Numbers in parentheses refer to the stanzas in which an example occurs. [TRANS. AMER. PHIL. SOC. Citrakuta, greatly honored by the sangha. He, who recites or causes to be recited this tale, into his house come success, prosperity, happiness and joy." H reads: "... in the Samvat year 1535. He, who causes to be recited this tale, into his house come success, prosperity, happiness and joy." All the manuscripts conclude the remainder of the colophon in Sanskrit. B reads: "Thus is completed the sacred tale of Nala and Davadanti. May there be prosperity." S reads: "Thus is the sacred tale of Nala and Davadanti completed." P and H read: "Thus is completed the sacred tale of Nala and Davadanti, composed by Sri Rsivardhanasuri. Four-hundred and eighty-one (H has: four-hundred and seventy-five) are the slokas by count in the Prakrit tale, according to the reckoning by separate aksaras." P concludes here. H continues: "End of book. 475. May there be good fortune." 2. THE STORY AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE In this section there is compared and contrasted Old Gujarati manuscript, two other renditions: the with the story of Nala and Davadanti, as told in this one, Jain, appears as the last story of the Kathakosa, the other is Brahmanical and is the well-known "Nala episode" which is related in the Aranyaka Parvan of the Mahabharata.10 versions are basically the same. They serve to illusExcept for minor details in treatment, the two Jain trate the characteristic Jain utilization and treatment for didactic purposes of familiar tales and motifs. discourses on the virtues of attachment to the precepts Interspersed throughout the narrative are encountered form of interruptions by the narrator to comment and of the Jain religion. These discourses either take the enlarge upon the implications of an incident that has taken place or is about to take place, or are placed in the mouths of characters taking part in the activities. The story as a whole can be considered a sermon on worthy conduct, as prescribed by the Jain religion, and the fruits of such conduct (e.g., their acts in previous existences determine the course of events in the lives of Nala and Davadanti, and in their subsequent rebirths). The versions differ in that where the Old Gujarati lists the episodes of the story in chronological order (i.e., starting first with Nala's existence as through the five following rebirths, in the last of which Mammana and Davadanti's as his queen, Viramati, they are Nala and Davadanti, and, finally, their incarnations as Dhanadadeva (= Kuvera) and his conincarnation for a frame-story and places the account sort) the Kathakosa employs the Nala-Davadanti The city of Chitor in Udaipur, Rajputana. See Tod, 1914: 2: 605. Tawney, 1895: 195-231. An English translation of a Sanskrit work with Prakrit verses. Its compiler is unknown. 10 The Mahabharata, critically edited by Vishnu S. Sukthankar. See References.

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269 VOL. 40, PT. 4, 1950) INTRODUCTION of their five previous rebirths in the mouth of the Nisadha, who had become a god who for the occasion religious teacher, Jinabhadra, when he is consulted by had assumed the form of a snake) causes Nala's form Nala and Davadanti after Nala has regained his king- to be changed in order to protect him from his enemies, dom. Here Jinabhadra explains the reason for their as well as to torment Kali within him. Afterwards, twelve-year separation and the mark on Davadanti's when Nala receives the science of dicing from Rtuparna forehead. They then take vows and Nala, after re- (the Jain versions refer to it as the science of counting) nouncing his throne, places his son Puspala upon it. Kali is forced to leave his body and enters a Vibhitaka The Old Gujarati describes at the corresponding point tree. In the Mahabharata story Nala is separated in the story a similar meeting between Nala and from Damayanti for four 18 years as against the twelve Davadanti and a guru. The guru points out that the of the Jain versions. The Sanskrit is explicit in makgift of milk to the muni by Mammana and Viravati ing Damayanti perform miracles by the use of her resulted in their present existence. He explains the chastity as the basis for a Truth-Act," while the Old twelve-year separation but makes no mention of the Gujarati is always vague about this power of Davareason for Davadanti's forehead mark. Their son's danti's. All versions, however, emphasize the power name is given here as Pukkhala (Skt. Puskala). The of female chastity. Old Gujarati adds one more rebirth: After Nala is reborn as Dhanada and Davadanti becomes his con 3. THE METERS sort, she is reincarnated as Kanakavati and, at her The mechanisms of the meters have not been fully svayamvara, is married by Vasudeva (Nala's incarnation). Eventually, she obtains salvation and Nala explored. It is felt that a final report must be postbecomes Indra's treasure-keeper (= Kuvera). poned until other Old Gujarati metrical texts of this The Nala-episode of the Mahabharata differs in a period have been examined. The following, therefore, number of points from the Jain versions. Rebirth oth are are intended as descriptive remarks, rather than as does not figure in it. The misfortunes of the hero and precise and exac tements heroine are caused by Nala's innocent angering of the The meters are quantitative, each line or half line god Kali. Damayanti's distinguishing mark is a mole requiring a fixed number of long and short syllables. between her eyes. (This in the Jain stories is endowed A short syllable, that is, a syllable ending in one of the with the magic power to dispel darkness with its short vowels, a, i, u orr, has the value of one "mora" brilliance.) A hansa (swan) arouses their interest in or "instant." A long syllable has the value of two each other. Damayanti, at her svayamvara, is faced morae. Long syllables end either with the long vowels with the problem of distinguishing Nala from the gods a, i, u, e, o or the diphthong ai; or with a consonant. who had simulated his form. She solves the difficulty Of consonant-clusters, excepting those having r or h by performing a Truth-Act, forcing the gods to appear as the final member, the first consonant is considered in their true forms. (The Jain Nala encounters no as ending the previous syllable. Clusters, of which competition from gods, but, rather, is challenged by a or h is the last member, rarely behave as the above. mortal, King Krsma, whom Davadanti mollifies by In such clusters the first consonant does not go with means of a Truth-Act.) The gods then give Nala the preceding syllable. power over fire and water and depart. (Though the The length of vowels varies in the reading, according Jain tales make use of Nala's skill at cooking and d to the demands of the meters. For example, longi charioteering as motifs, they do not, like the Mahab has to be read as short in bhimi (172) (cf. the rhyme, simi, in the next line); and short i as long in davadamti harata, state how he came to possess these arts.) Kali (the spirit of the losing throw at dice, meets the (173). Long um is read as short in hum (160). In gods on their return from the wedding. When he several instances e has the count of one mora. The learns that he has missed the svayamvara (for which cluster au counts for one mora, not two, in maraum he was bound), he is angered and enlists the aid of (116) (cf. B marum), causala (119) (cf. cusala), tau Dvapara " in order to bring about Nala's downfall. (286) (cf. B tu), etc. The spelling iya, especially when After twelve years Kali is allowed the opportunity to for the conjunctive participial case suffix i, counts for enter Nala's body when the latter is neglectful of a two morae: e.g., cezya (177) (cf. B cei), cadiya (179) detail in the performance of his evening devotions. (cf. cadi), pamthiya (182) (cf. B pamthi), ceiya (211), As a result Nala becomes without skill in dicing and vamdiya (211), etc. A short nasal vowel has the eventually loses all his possessions to his brother, count of one mora. Puskara. His separation from Damayanti is therefore ch, very frequently has to be read as cch, when it due to the enmity of Kali. (There is no possession in in closes a preceding syllable ending in a short vowel, the Jain versions of Nala's body by an evil spirit. His it is thus giving it a value of two morae: e.g., machari thus 81 previous karma had determined his fortunes in that 12 Ibid., 57; for the implication of Kali's exit from Nala's body: existence.) The biting of Nala by the snake (here a and p. 16 for entrance of Kali into Vibhitaka-tree. royal naga and not, as in the Jain stories, Nala's father, 1 It may be interesting to note that Kali is the spirit of the Fourth Age. 11 Luders, 1907: 57-58; for the dicing terms. 1 See Burlingame, 1917: 429-467; and Brown, 1941.

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270 BENDER: THE NALARAYADAVADANTICARITA (TRANS. AMER. PHIL. SOC. (119), uchahi (176). pachai (267) (cf. S pacchai). line; eleven in the first half-lines of the second and Compare Skt. sh which is always a double consonant. third lines and fifteen in the second half-lines; and The meters are rhymed, the last two syllables of a thirteen in the first half-line and fifteen in the second word ending a half-line or line rhyming with the last half-line of the fourth and fifth. This meter occurs two syllables of a word at the end of a following half- nine times in stanzas 5, 16, 43, 157, 158, 168, 169, 292, line or line. The rhyme schemes are given in the and 293. following discussion of the meters. 6. Vivahaladhala. The meters are: This is a two-lined meter. Each line is of two parts, 1. Caupai. the first half-line rhyming with the second. The This is employed one-hundred and thirty times. It count seems to be thirteen for the first and fifteen for consists of two lines, each line of two half-lines or the second half-line. See stanzas 91 to 99. fifteen morae, each. The first half-line rhymes with 7. Ragarajavallabha. the second, and the third with the fourth. The fol- This meter consists of two lines, the first half-line lowing are the caupai-stanzas: 6, 7, 44, 100, 112-123, rhyming with the second. The count per half-line 136-147, 159, 160, 169-186, 211-218, 222-244, 257- seems to be sixteen morae. See stanzas 250 to 256. 277, 279-291, 302-318. Compare Kellogg, Grammar 8. Thavani. of the Hindi Language, $ 982. This is a four-lined meter, the first and third lines 2. Duha or duhau. consisting of two parts, each having sixteen (?) morae. In addition to the thirty-seven occurrences, there The second and fourth lines have thirteen morae. are seven in which this meter is doubled-i.e., consists The first half-line rhymes with the second in the first of four, instead of two lines. Each line is divided into and third lines. The second line rhymes with the two half-lines, the first half-line having thirteen morae, fourth. See stanzas 320 and 321. With the excepthe second eleven. The first line rhymes with the tion of stanza 319 of B which has been divided into second. The following are duha-stanzas: 21, 25, three stanzas, 319 and 322 consist of two of the above 67-71, 108-111, 124-127, 161, 188-197, 219-221, 233, described meters. 245-249, 278, and 301. Compare Kellogg, op. cit. 9. Ghata. $ 982; and H. D. Velankar, Chandassekhara of Raja- This consists of two bipartite lines, the first half-line Sekhara Kavi, in the Journal of the Bombay Branch of auch of of each having eight morae and the second thirteen. the Royal Asiatic Society 22, 1946, dohaka, No. 76 to The first line rhymes with the second. The meter under IV Ardhasamacatuspadi. occurs once in stanza thirty. Compare. Kellogg, op. cit., 8990; and Velankar, op. cit., ghatta, No. 138 3. Drupada. under IV Ardhasamacatuspadi. This meter, which occurs thirty-seven times, is not 10. Dhuriduha. clear to me. In stanzas 8-14, 15, 45-54, 101-107 it is The general scheme of this seems to be a two-lined similar to the caupai both in mora-count per half-line meter, each line having twenty-five morae. The first and in the rhyme-schemei.e., it consists of two bi- hai: ne may have thirteen morae, the second twelve, partite lines, each half-line having fifteen morae. The as in stanza 1 and, perhaps, stanza 17; or the line may first two half-lines rhyme, and the second two half- fall into two parts, each of fourteen and eleven morae, lines rhyme. In stanzas 199-210 it seems to follow respectively. See stanzas 2, 3, and 4. The first line the scheme of the duha (q.v.). of each stanza rhymes with the second. Stanzas 4. Amcali. eighteen to twenty consist of two of these, the first This consists of two lines, each bipartite. The first line rhyming with the second and the third with the line rhymes with the second. Each half-line seems to fourth. contain thirteen morae. The meter occurs in these 11. Jhambatadhala. stanzas: 58-66, and 129-135. This appears to be a two lined meter, the first half5. Vastu. line generally having thirteen and the second nine This consists of five lines which, with the exception morae. The first line rhymes with the second. See of the first, are bipartite. The second line rhymes stanzas 148 to 156 and 198. with the third, and the fourth with the fifth. The I have not been able to reach any conclusion on the mora-count appears to be thus: nineteen in the first remaining two meters, the dhala and the ulaladhala.

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II. GRAMMAR 1. PHONOLOGY the aspirates), and in clusters initially and medially. The following phonemes are evident in the language Of the nasal phonemes the cerebral n occurs in medial of the manuscripts: of the vowels, a iiiuur eo; position and, once, in initial position-nisani (S 77) of the diphthongs, combinations of the vowels-with th drum.' A nasal, occuring as the first member of a the exception of e and with the consonantal i and of consonant cluster, is indicated in writing by the a with consonantal y (examples of these are given be anusvara (m). Distinction, therefore, is not made in low in the discussion of the spelling of the manuscripts): the writing between sequences of phonemes consisting and of the consonants, the gutturals k kh g gh n, the of nasalized vowel plus consonant and vowel plus nasal palatals, c ch j jh n, the cerebrals, I th d dh n, the consonant plus consonant: mumdradi (57) 'ring,' where dentals, I th d dh n, the labials, p ph b bh m, the semi um represents the nasalized vowel, and davadamti (2) vowels, y rlv, the sibilants, ss s, and the aspiration h. 'Davadanti,' where am represents the sequence vowel The vowels, with the exception of the o which does a + dental n. The meters, however, reveal that a not occur initially, are found in all positions. They short nasalized vowel does not make position with a occur next to themselves: gadaadai (HB 60)' 'rever following consonant. A short vowel makes position berate,' hosii (138) 'become'; next to one another: when followed by a cluster, the first member of which vadhai (2) 'increase,' rahau (9) 'stay,' poana (18) is a nasal consonant. "Potana,' neura (57) fanklets,' kaduu (120) 'bitter,' The cerebral / of Modern Gujarati is not evident, hui (82) 'became'; and in groups of up to three in or, perhaps, not indicated. Compare falavalai (165) succession: nipaji (88) 'prepare,' azu (H 99) 'arrive.' and MG fafvalvu 'be restless.' Similarly, there is no The r is found medially in Sanskrit loanwords only: indication of the ph being pronounced with a bilabial mrgamada (58) 'musk,' krsnaraja (78) 'King Krsna.' spirantal quality, as is done in Modern Gujarati. The anusvara, written in transcription (m), when The dental s occurs initially and medially in Old indicating the nasalization of the preceding vowel, can Gujarati words, and the palatal s initially and medially be analyzed as a nasal component occurring with the in Sanskrit loanwords. The $, when it represents the vowels a a iiuu in all positions. It does not appear Sanskrit cerebral sibilant and not the guttural stop kh, with o, e, orr. Note that the long vowels a i u can is found medially in Sanskrit loanwords only: e.g., similarly be analyzed as the short vowels a iu plus a nisadha (72) 'Nisadha.' length component, written in transcription (-). This The visarga h (h in final position) appears in the length component occurs only with the ai u vowels in names of meters. The terms are Sanskrit. all positions and in combination with the nasal com An exact statement for consonants in final position ponent with these vowels in all positions.] cannot be made, since it is not possible to determine The following combinations of final vowel with whether words ending in a consonant followed by the initial vowel are present: short vowel a (or i u, when written for a) were pro nounced as ending with that consonant. The meters, a ta = a: nayan'anamdo? (28) "joy to the eyes' moreover, require the pronunciation of final short a. a + a = a: simh'asana (47) 'lion-throne With the exception of the geminated consonants, dan'adika (241) 'giving, etc. relatively few consonant clusters appear in Old karm'adika (241) *karma, etc. Gujarati words: bhim'adika (284) 'Bhima, etc. pamc'acara (314) 'the five estab- continuant + y: isyam (144) such lished rules of ulyam (257) 'gone off custom avya (68) 'went' There are several instances where the first vowel is continuant + h: nhana (174) 'bath amharau (11) 'our dropped, instead of combining with the second: ulhasi (HB 169) delighted' bharah'addha (110) 'half of Bharata' guttural stop + y: gyu (210) 'went' raj'abhiseka (118) 'consecration of ulakhya (293) "recognized king' dental stop + 1: drethi (185) 'look' tripata (310) 'satisfaction' The consonant phonemes appear singly in initial and medial position, geminated medially (excluding Other clusters occur in Sanskrit loanwords which have 1 The number placed in parentheses after a word given for been given Old Gujarati terminations: niscaim (64) purposes of illustration indicates the stanza in which that word "certainly' (cf. Skt. niscayena) and krami (95) graduoccurs--the letter, i.e., B, H, P, or S, indicates the manuscript. ally' (cf. Skt. kramena). English equivalents of the words are given to facilitate recognition. For more exact meanings see the translation and the See Tessitori, 1914:25, item 6 under his discussion of Gujarati glossary. characteristics. ? The apostrophe marks the vowel combination. * Cf. Pkt. trina and Skt. trna (nt) 'grass.' 271

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272 Some of the phonemic distinctions are not consistently represented in the spelling of the manuscripts. The rhymes of a with u and i reflect a replacement of the nominative and accusative singular suffixes in i and u by the a suffixes, the traditional spelling being kept. Compare the following rhymes: BENDER: THE NALARAYADAVADANTICARITA naresu 'monarch' with kumaru 'prince' with hetu 'cause' with suvesa (4) 'ornamented' datara (HS 73) 'generous' sameta (140) 'accompanied by' hathiara (83) 'weapons' viveka (H 184) 'discrimination' jinesa 'lord of Jinas' with bhanesu (B 1) 'say' ahara 'food' with vicari (12) 'reflect' caru 'beautifully' with jhanakara (HS 57) 'tinkling' pasaramta (198) 'spread' abhyasa (P 218) 'instruction' jhujhari 'fight' with eki 'one' with jhuramti 'grieving' with pasi 'near' with laju 'modesty' with niravaja (S 279) 'not censuring' sameta 'accompanied by' hetu (297) 'cause' juvarajja (S 300) 'crown prince' vasi (P 300) 'perfumed' raju 'realm' with vilasa 'joy' with In the writing i, in medial and final position, represents both the vowel i and the consonantal i of diphthongs. The character ya represents the consonant y (with inherent vowel a), as well as the consonantal i of diphthongs. This is shown by the rhymes of ai with aya (and ayu) and oi with oya, and by the alternation in the writing of all the manuscripts between ai and aya, ai and aya, ii and iya, ii and iya, ui and uya, and oi and oya. These indicate that in such vowel clusters the i was being replaced in the spoken language by the consonantal j. That is to say, these vowel clusters were being replaced by the diphthongs ai ai i ii ui oj. For metrical reasons, however, it appears that these were read as vowel plus vowel i, since in the meters the clusters ai ii oi require a count of three rather than two morae. Compare the following rhymes: ai with aya (and ayu): raya 'king' with amtarai (H 10) 'obstacle' 6 jayu 'was born' with maim (26) 'measure' gai 'sing' with raya (B 89) 'king' jai 'goes' with vaya (H 127) 'wind' raya 'king' with suthai (H 228) 'well' [TRANS. AMER. PHIL. SOC. raya 'king with pasai 8 (253) 'aid' pai 'foot' with sadaya (P 294) 'ever' samavaim 10 combination' with muniraya (316) 'excellent muni' oi with oya: koi 'any' with hoya (B 144) raya 'king' with jai (274) 'go' ii with iya: ii with iya: Compare the following spelling variations: ai with aya: 'be' rasoya 'meal' with koi (B 269) 'any' P susavayam, H susavaim, B susavai (13) 'lay disciple' HP savaya, B savai (22) 'lay disciple' HP manimaya,11 B manimai (48) 'bejewelled' HPS paithi, B payathi 12 (62) 'entered' H kaya, PBS kai (101) 'any' H varisaim, B varasai, P varisayam, S varisaya (126) 'rain' H aranodaya, PBS arunodai (254) 'sunrise' HPS chailla, B chayala (256) 'clever' BH udaya, PS udai (259) 'appearance' BHS udaya, P udai (304) 'appear ance' HPS visaya, B visai (308) 'senses' ai with aya: HPS raim, B raya (89) 'king' HPS pasai, B pasaya (253) 'aid' HPS mai, B maya (264) 'measure HPS jaisi, B jayasi (285) 'go' HPS jai, B jaya (303) 'go' BP amtaraya, H amtarai (10) 'obstacle' BP sadaya, HS sada-i (294) 'ever' HS dii, S diya (101) 'give' BH dii, S diya (126) 'give' HS posiim, P posii, B posiya (88) 'feed' Cf. MG pasay (m) 'favor.' 9 Cf. MG pay (m) 'foot.' H davadamtiya, PBS davadamtii (128) 'Davadanti' HPS phulliya, B phuliim (261) 'blossoming' HPS phaliya, B phalii (261) 'bearing fruit' 10 Cf. MG samavay (m) 'relation, combination.' 11 Cf. MG manimay (adj.) 'jewelled.' 12 In MG the change has gone on to open e, e.g., pesvu 'enter' and past participial base peth-. For discussions on the replace Vyas places this process in the period 1450-1500 V.S. See ment of ai by e (and au by o) see Tessitori, SS 10.4, Divatia, 1921: Vyas, 1942: xxxiv-xxxvii and lxvi for his remarks. Cf. MG antaray (m) 'impediment.' 7 Cf. MG jay 'he goes." 1: 175-187 and 2: 69, where he sets the evolution of ai to e and au to o in the period 1700-1750 V.S., and Divatia, the wide sound of E and O, Indian Antiquary 46, 1917.

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GRAMMAR: PHONOLOGY VOL. 40, PT. 4, 1950] ui with uya: H bhuya, PS bhui (between 71 and 72) 'being' oi with oya: HS rasoi, B rasoya (88) 'meal' B suraloya (16) 'god HP suraloi, heaven' HP joi, B joya (16) 'see' HPS hoi, B hoya (253) 'be' HS hoisu, P hoisum, B hoyasi (165) intruding a. The variations in the other manuscripts suggest, however, that the a was not pronounced, the original consonant cluster thus being retained. The 'be' HP koi, B koya (17) 'any' A similar alternation between u and va in stanza 256, meters require the consonant cluster. where B writes navakara to the naukara of the other manuscripts, seems to indicate a parallel use of u to represent the vowels u and open o (see below) and the consonantal u, and of the va to represent the consonant v (with inherent vowel a) and the consonantal u. y The alternation in the writing between medial au and o and u indicates that the vowel cluster au was being replaced by the open O (compare MG open o), spelled in the manuscripts o and u.13 Examples are: The writing of u for au in final position indicates a pronunciation of open 8.13 B has the greatest number of examples of this. There are a few in the other manuscripts. B amharu,14 P amharau (11) 'our' BH nisunu,15 PS nisunau (67) 'listen' BH tanu,14 PS tanau (73) 'of' B tu,16 HPS tau (80) 'then' 273 H writes dawa 18 'lord' in stanza 129 and H and B write vatraggi 'dissatisfaction' in 311, where P writes deva for the first and P and S write veraggi for the second. The at seems to represent traditional spelling, being pronounced [e]. All the manuscripts have examples of the separation of the members of clusters of two consonants by an B cusala, HP causala (47) 'square' B patuli, HPS pataulu (between 54 and 55) 'patola' requirements of the meter. Compare: BPS droha, H drauha (125) 'malicious' BH kutiga, PS kautiga (288) 'marvel' HPS kautiga, B kumtiga (293) 'marvel' BHP tu, S tau (288) 'then' B malapatau, HPS malapatu (163) 'sauntering' Alternation in all positions between i and e in the spelling indicates a pronunciation of open e. Distinction, then, is not made in the writing between e and e. B eni, PHS ini (169) 'this' HPS eka, B ika (163) 'one' HPS ema, B ima (164) 'thus' B tenai," HPS tini (183) 'that' P behum, HS bihum, S vihum (91) 'both' B veveka, HPS viveka (115) 'discrimination' PS baheda, H bahedam, S bahida (258) 'vibhitakatree' HP hemavae, B hemavai (22) 'Himalayas' BHS je, P ji (157) 'who' 13 See Tessitori, 1914-1916: SS 11.6 and fn. 12 for other references. 14 Cf. the MG nom. sg. msc. termination in o. There is confusion, again, between the writing u (for o of the masculine) and the u(m) of the neuter (cf. MG neuter termination ). 15 Cf. the MG o termination of the second person plural, imperative. 16 Cf. MG to 'then.' 17 Cf. MG tene 'by that one." H saraga and B saragi, but P sarga (24) 'heaven' HP dharamiim, but B dharmii (35) 'dharma' HPS rakata, but B rakta (174) 'red' B janamamtari, but PS jamamtara (199) 'previous birth' B ratana, but HPS ratna (208) 'jewel' B vivahala, but HP vivhala (276) 'distressed' The indication of vowel length is not fixed, this laxity occurring especially with -i and -u in final position. These are sometimes lengthened to meet the davadamti (43) and davadamti (78) 'Davadanti' tini (43) and tini (11) 'that' maim (H 26) and maim (198) 'in' jambudiva (P 18) and jambudiva (3) 'Jambudvipa' bahu (H 16) and bahu (15) 'very' Examples of the loose use of the anusvara have been given above in the discussion of nasal consonants where it was shown that distinction was not made in the writing between sequences of phonemes consisting of nasalized vowel plus consonant and sequences of vowel plus nasal consonant plus consonant. Other instances of this loose use of the anusvara are revealed by the rhymes of vowels with nasalized vowels: bhanijai 'say' with dijaim (P 29) 'give' vihanai 'in the morning' with vinanaim (33) 'understanding' ucaraim 'cry' with samcarai (H 95) 'came' hoim 'be' with koi (S 212) 'any' All the manuscripts have examples of the nasalization of vowels in the neighborhood of nasalized vowels. P gelimim, H geliim, B gelaim (97) 'afterwards' HB resimim, BH resiim (22) 'for' H samimvara, PS saimvara (55) 'svayamvara' Muni Sri Punyavijayaji has called my attention to the fact that the intrusion of nasalization into the pronunciation of words, such as the following, is to be compared with Marwari pronunciation and the Gujarati spoken today in villages of Gujarat. 18 The diphthong of the writing is marked thus (a) to distinguish it from the vowel-cluster ai.

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274 BENDER: THE NALARAYADAVADANTICARITA (TRANS. AMER. PHIL. SOC. P avatamra, cf. H avataru and B avatara (30) 'in- All the manuscripts vary in several instances becarnation' tween y and j.20 It is not certain whether the y was H pamvara, cf. BP pavara (43) 'excellent' read as j. Hamrati, of. BPS arati (91) 'lamp-waving ceremony' B sulimdhu, of. H sulidhu, P sulidhau (147) feasily B yogi, HS jogi (184) 'joining' taken' BHS samjoga, P osamyoga (302) 'together with S humsii, cf. H husii, Phusic (162) 'be' PS Praja, H oraju, V Praya (70) 'king' Sumbhi, HP ubhi (171) 'lift up BHS viyoga, P vijoga (276) 'separation' Plumthau, BHS tuthau (172) delighted For the rhymes of ekaliya 'alone' with machali-e 'fish' Other non-phonemic features are indicated by y. in HBS 165 and visasi-e 'trusting' with ullasiya 'happy' Compare the alternations between "iya and 7, where in P 166 compare the emphatic particles e and y in the meter always requires a count of two morae. The Modern Gujarati sentences such as: 'badhay te-ni y(a) in such cases represents the non-phonemic glide pachal padya' and 'badha-e te-ni pachal padya' "All followed him." 21 Another example of this is found in following a long i. Examples are: stanza 24 where H and P write sumdariya and B writes HPS niliya, B nili (57) 'blue' sumdari-e 'Sundari. BH motiya, PS moti (56) 'pearls' The process characteristic of Old Gujarati, wherein HPS vevahiya, B vevahi (100) 'father of son's wife a geminated consonant is simplified with the compenH ladiya, PBS ladi (99) 'bride' satory lengthening of the preceding short vowel, is not BHS gahagahi, P gahagahiya (169) 'excited' strictly adhered to in the spelling of the manuscripts. HPS josi, B josiya (97) 'astrologer' It is possible that this variation reflects traditional HP ladiya, BS ladi (96) 'bride' spelling and that the combinations of short vowel and HPS gopavi, B gopaviya (293) 'concealed' geminated consonant were pronounced as long vowel H varasiya, PBS varasi (298) 'rained and single consonant. Examples are: BH vali, PS valiya (301) 'again' didhi (42) and diddha (259) 'gave' y represents a glide between otherwise contiguous sidhi (42) and siddhi (181) 'accomplished'. vowels: lidhaum (316) and liddha (181) 'took' raja (304) and rajja (301) 'kingdom' H aiu, Paiya (99) 'came' kajiim (222) and kajja (HP 221) deed' BH gacu, PS gaiyu (99) 'went' vata (284) and vatta (195) 'story' H huya, BPS hua (86) 'became' P joaim, S joyaim (66) 'see' There are occurrences of the simplification of gemiHPS loane, B loyane (76) 'eye' nated consonants without the compensatory lengthenBH mahiyam, PS mahiam (116) 'superior ing of the preceding vowel. Examples are: B juao, PS juyao (120) 'gambling' navatata (28 'nine tattvas' (cf. navatatta (40) HPS joana, B joyana (154) 'yojana' patarani (4) 'chief queen' (cf. paffarani (118)) BHS joyana, P joana (154) 'yojana' ikhagu (70) 'Iksvaku' (cf. ikkhagu (199)) BH suara, PS sayara (218) 'cook' The features discussed following are dialectal rather The v of bhavi (H 65) 'state of being' is not pro- than phonological variations. nounced as is shown by its rhyme with nathai 'is not. for u: All the manuscripts have instances of this. Note also the intrusion of y between a consonant B has the greatest number. and a or a in the following examples. This is not found in H. BP guraniya, cf. H guruniya (41) 'nun' P tarani, cf. H taruni (65) 'maiden' P cyaru, cf. HBS caru (92) 'well' B samsamara pura, cf. HPS sumsamarapura (69) P nihyana, cf. HS nihana, B nihamna (106) 're- 'Sumsumarapura' ceptacle' BP uttamga, cf. HS utumga (142) 'high' PS bhasya, cf. BH bhasa (143) 'talk' Haranodaya, cf. BPS arunodai (254) 'sunrise P nyahai, cf. HS naha-i (162) 'lord' H dakkha, cf. PS dukha (221) 'pain P kalya, cf. HS kala (218) 'skill' B samdaru, cf. BHP sumdaru (163) 'handsome' Psyara, cf. BHS sara (263) 'having' B gapha, cf. HPS gupha (175) 'cave' B achya, of. HPS iccha (139) 'wish' Note this variation in the pronouns and adjectives of B dhyamna, cf. HPS dhana (156) 'meditation' B camdrayasya, cf. HPS camdrajasa (297) Cam- 20 Cf. ibid., $ 22. drayasas' 1 These examples are from Modern Gujarati data gathered by me. 19 Cf. Tessitori, 1914-1916: $28. Cf. Tessitori, 1914-1916: 8 5.1 and Pischel, 1900: $ 123.

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VOL. 40, PT. 4, 1950] the first and second persons. B again shows a preference for a over u. GRAMMAR: PHONOLOGY B tamhe, cf. HS tumhi, P tumhe (110) 'you' B tamha, cf. HPS tumha (276) 'you' B majha, cf. HP mujha (277) 'me' a for i: 23 B has by far the greatest number. There are a very few occurrences in P, H, and S. BS tajha, cf. HP tujha (295) 'you' B tamharum, cf. H tuharaum, P tuharum, S tuharau bers of original clusters of two consonants. (292) 'your' BH nivada, cf. P nivida (16) 'firm' P vachohiu, cf. BH vichohiu (10) 'separated' B radhi, cf. HP riddhi (16) 'success' B nasi, cf. H nisi (26) 'night' B kumdanapura, cf. HP kumdinapura (31) 'Kundina. pura' B nasadharaya, cf. HP nisadharaya (51) 'King Nisadha' B havai, cf. HP hiva (30) 'now' B bahari, cf. HPS bahiri (113) 'outside' P pachali and B pachale, cf. H pachile (147) 'after wards' i for a: 24 There are no occurrences in H and one in S. B has a greater number than P. S nirisi, cf. BHP nirasi (75) 'looked' P ghina, cf. BH ghana (44) 'great' P vili, cf. BH vali (72) 'then' B samjima, cf. HP samjama (16) 'restraint' B sahija, cf. HPS sahaja (163) 'naturally' H tittha, cf. BPS tattha (157) 'sadhu' P tarasi, cf. BHS tirasi (183) 'thirsty' B akhira, cf. HPS aksara (256) 'letters' B sahisa, cf. HPS sahasa (258) '1,000' B kubija, cf. PS kubaji and H kubaja (258) 'hunchbacked' B didhipanna, cf. HPS dadhipamnaha (259) 'Dadhiparna' i for u: There are two instances of this, both in B. B barida, cf. P biruda and H viruda (27) 'songs of praise' B giruu, cf. P. guruya and H guruya (43) 'great' u for a: 25 There are a few occurrences of this in all the manuscripts. S kamthulu, cf. HP kamthalu (56) 'necklace' P buhu, cf. HS bahu (104) 'much' u for i: There is one occurrence in B. BH majuna, cf. P majjana (53) 'both' B kudamba, cf. HPS kadamba (111) 'Kadamba' 23 Cf. Tessitori, 1914-1916: SS 4.1. 24 Cf. ibid., SS2.1. 25 Cf. ibid., SS2.2. B gabarima, f. HP gukirima (23) 'gravity' anaptyctic i: 26 In the following i separates the mem BP namitta, cf. PS nimitta (68) 'for' H lasita and B lakhita, cf. P likhite and S likhita (66) Original Skt. y is replaced by the following: 'written' B phari, cf. HPS phiri (97) 'around' P pumnyasiloka, H pumnasiloka, B punyasiloka (7) 'Punyasloka' PH varisantai (19) 'rain' BP pharisa (48) 'touch' PS kilesa (196) 'sorrow' In a very few instances a is found instead of i. Compare: B kalesa, H kalesu, and PS kilesa (196) 'sorrow' BH harasiya and PS harisia (86) 'delighted' B varasamtai and PH varisamtai (19) 'rain' There are two instances of the umlauting of a by an i of a following syllable. B gheri, cf. BP ghari (32) 'house' P nerimda, cf. HS narimda (152) 'monarch' 275 ri: risi (PH 8), cf. B rsi 'rsi' risabhadeva (HPS 72), cf. B rsibhadeva 'Rsibhadeva' ra: sramgara (B 31) 'ornamentation' varddhi (B 322) ar: t: simgara (HP 31) 'ornamentation' simgara (P 53), sinagara (H 53), cf. B srmgara 'ornamentation' miga (BS 63), cf. HP mrga 'deer' There are two occurrences in B of the writing ai for the e of the other manuscripts. bai (B 114) 'two' jai (B 277) 'what' There are words in B in which the vowels of the first two syllables have been interchanged. 28 B mudhari, cf. HP madhuri (24) 'sweet' B sumjatta, cf. HP samjutta (51) 'together with' B bimdana, cf. HP bamdina (60) 'bard' B turani, cf. H taruni, S taruni (65) 'maiden' B talikaha, cf. HPS tilaka (103) 'forehead-mark' B havi, cf. HPS hiva (139) 'now' In stanza 301 all the manuscripts fail to combine the final and initial vowels of words which are ordinarily treated as one compound-rajja abhiseka 'consecration of king' of H and the variants in the other manuscripts. B has four other examples: 26 Cf. Pischel, 1900: SSSS 131-140. 27 Cf. MG gher 'home' (locative). 28 Cf. Tessitori, 1914-1916: SS 50.

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276 BENDER: THE NALARAYADAVADANTICARITA [TRANS. AMER. PHIL. SOC. sudha ahara (12) 'pure food S bali and BH vali, P vili (72) 'then' devi avatara (39) 'incarnation of queen' S nhabaviim (91) 'bathe' amga abharana (130) 'body-ornamentation' S bihi and HP vihi, B vahi (120) 'fate' maha aavi (146) 'great forest' S vihum and BH bihum, P behum (91) 'both kula acara (166) 'proper conduct S kuvara, and BHP kubara (104) 'Kubara' S amvu and HPS amba (160) 'mango-tree' There are a few occurrences in P, H, and B of the S kovara and BHP kubara (164) 'Kubara' writing of $ for kh. S has none. On the other hand, S vila and HP bila, B bali (180) 'den' B writes kh for s five times. S ve and HP be (208) 'two' nikhidha (72, 73) 'Nisadha' S vapu and BHP bapa (273) 'body' nikhadha (103, 308) 'Nisadha' m 32 is found for v once each in H and B. raj'abhakheka (118) 'consecration of king' B jama and HP java (5) 'when' Pand S write ny to the jn of H and B in nyaya (112) H hima and PS hiva, B havai (167) 'now' 'information.' Compare BH jnaya. B writes d 29 to the of P and H in madamba (122) B writes $ for s once. 'isolated villages. Compare H matamba and P B saganao and PH sasana (14) 'instruction' mamamba. There is one example each for the substitution of d P, H, and B have each one instance of h dropped after for r and of r for d.30 m or l. P kubada and BP kubara (136) 'Kubara' Pama, and BHS amha (240) 'we' H karuu and BP kaduum and S kaduu (120) 'bitter' B kimai, and PHS kimhai (138) 'somehow' H kali, and PS kalhi (249) 'tomorrow' H writes dh for the th of the other manuscripts in two words. There is one instance in B of the intrusion of h between otherwise contiguous vowels.33 H sadharu and PS satharau, B satharu (155) 'grassbed' B sumhalada, and P sumaladam 'soft' H padharai and BPS patharai (155) 'spread' 2. MORPHOLOGY There are several occurrences in each of the manuscripts of the substitution of cerebral n for dental n. Words have been grouped 34 into the following and one of n forn. Normally, n is replaced by n.31 classes: Nouns, Adjectives, 35 Pronouns, Numerals, Verbs, Postpositions, Adverbs, Conjunctions, InterB simhasana and PH simhasana (47) 'lion-throne jections, Emphatics. S sanamda and BPH sanamda (118) 'delighted' H jina and BPS jina (156) 'Jina' * Cf. Tessitori, 1914-1916: $ 36, and Pischel, 1900: $267. * C. Tessitori, 1914-1916: $38. HBP jnani and S jnani (293) 'wise It has been found convenient to treat the linguistic evidence HBP nisani and S nisani (77) 'drum' in the traditional fashion-"convenient" in that, since previous works in the field (see bibliography) have been thus presented, The example of n for n is PS sovana 'golden' in 230. any new data gathered may be more readily coordinated with Compare BH sovana. those already collected and arranged. (A future article is In stanza 261 of H y appears instead of v: taruyara. planned, presenting a structural study of the language of these texts.) In a presentation of this type the domain covered by Compare P taruara, S taruara and MG taruvar (nt) morphology includes much which otherwise would be assigned 'large tree.' Note also HP tihuyana, B tihuyani, S to syntax. For example, terms, such as "Noun," "Adjective," tihuyana (300) and Skt. tribhuvana (nt) 'the three "Postposition," "Locative," "Ablative," "Verb," "Participle," worlds. describe the functions of words to which they are applied-the syntactic relationship of these words to other words. FurtherB has one example each of the substitution of b for v more, the classes, "Adjective," "Participle," "Infinitive," "Post position," etc., into which words have been arranged, are not and v for b. mutually exclusive. In many instances participles cannot be dis tinguished in form as well as in function from adjectives. InB bivaha and HPS vivaha (68) 'marriage finitives, which have nominal suffixes, function as nouns and can, B buli and HPS vauli (196) 'tangled' at the same time, take other nouns as objects. Under "Post positions have been listed words which are nouns, as well as S has three occurrences of b for v and seven of v for b. words which are traditionally considered verbal forms--that is, words with instrumental-locative suffixes and past and conjunc29 Cf. Pischel, 1900: $198. tive participles. 30 Cf. Tessitori, 1914-1916: 29. He remarks on the common 35 Under Adjectives are included the participles of the present, interchanging of dental r and cerebral d in colloquial Northern the past, and the future (gerundive) -all of which take nominal Gujarati and refers to Ling. Surv. Ind., 9(2): 329-330, 1916. case-suffixes. The formation of participial bases is discussed si C. Tessitori, 1914-1916: $ 23, and Divatia, op. cit. 1: 360-362. under "Conjugation."

Page #17
VOL. 40, PT. 4, 1950] GRAMMAR: MORPHOLOGY DECLENSION This section treats of nominal bases and the casesuffixes attached to them to indicate syntactic relationships. The nominal bases have been arranged into these classes: Nouns, Adjectives, Pronouns, and Numerals. There are three genders: masculine, feminine, and neuter; two numbers: singular and plural; and seven cases: nominative, accusative, vocative, instrumental, locative, genitive, and ablative. Nouns and Adjectives The gender of nouns is not easily distinguishable. In adjectives (including participles) it is clearly marked by certain of the nominative-accusative singular suffixes. These are: (1) the feminine i of adjectives and participles, and (2) the masculine-neuter u(m) of adjectives and participles. In the participles the anusvara (m) generally distinguishes the neuter from the masculine nominative singular. Inconsistency in the indicating of vowel-length and loose use of the anusvara makes for confusion. The gender of nouns has been identified from their occurrences with forms described above. The gender of nouns not thus identifiable has been ascertained from sources based on lexical tradition where such information is given.36 It is possible that the gender of some nouns has not been correctly identified. The general analysis, however, has not been affected. Nominal bases can be modified by prefixation and suffixation. Suffixes are of two types: (1) those added to nominal bases, and (2) nominalizing suffixes-those which, when added to verbal bases, enable them to take case suffixes (i.e., the suffixes of the bases of participles (including conjunctive participles and gerundives) and infinitives). As many as two nominal suffixes in succession can be added to a base-e.g., -(a)lad-. The nominal suffixes are: -(a)d-, -(a)l-,38 and -il-,39 -(a)lad- (see above), and -im-.40 Examples follow. 37 -(a)d-: suyada (45) 'parrots' rasadi (56) 'amulet' mumdradi (57) 'ring' cunadi (57) 'cunari (cloth)' patauladi (57) 'patola (cloth)' bahinadi (93) 'sister' hiyadae (94) 'heart' ruyadau (162) 'handsome' rudau (202) 'good' kubadau (203) 'deformed' hivadam (206) 'now' ruyadi (208) 'form' evada (234) 'such' 36 See Glossary and References. Cf. Tessitori, 1914-1916: SS 146; and Pischel, 1900: SS 599. 38 Cf. Tessitori, 1914-1916: SS 145. 39 Cf. ibid., SS 144; and Pischel, 1900: SS 595. 40 Cf. Tessitori, 1914-1916: SS 148. -(a)l-, -il-: pahilau (112) 'first' amdhalau (S 125) 'blind' ladhalaum (132) 'gained' pachile (147) 'afterwards' ketali (154) 'how much' jetalaum (225) 'as much' tetalaum (225) 'so much' -(a)lad: sumaladam (150) 'soft' ekaladau (219) 'alone' -im- guhirima (23) 'gravity' 277 The nominalizing suffixes are: * (= zero) of conof past participles, -(n)t- of present participles, -v- of junctive participles, * of past participles, -(y)- and -y-. infinitives, conjunctive participles and gerundives, and the partial base variation of past participial bases of the third type (q.v.). For fuller descriptions and examples see under Conjugation where the nominalization of verbal bases is discussed. The one prefix, the negative ana-," appears with the conjunctive participle of the base dekh-: anadesi (161) 'not having seen.' the singular the nominative, accusative, and vocative The case suffixes are not mutually exclusive. In suffixes cannot be distinguished in form from one another. 42 The instrumental and locative suffixes are, with the exception of the "extended" 43 suffix -au (and the contracted form -0), for the most part the same. The suffix of the nominative (excepting the "extended" suffix) can, and very frequently does, serve as a suffix for all cases, singular as well as plural. This last statement includes the members of a nominal compound, with the exception of the last which may take a case-suffix, and adverbs. In the plural the nominative and accusative suffixes are identical in form, and, excluding the "extended" suffix -au, are the same as those of the singular. Suffixes for the vocative plural do not occur in the manuscripts. The instrumental and locative plural suffixes are fewer in number than those of the singular. Of these, two (-e and -i) serve both instrumental and locative functions, and are identical in form with the -e and i suffixes of the instrumental and locative singular. There is no occurrence in the manuscripts of a suffix or suffixes for the ablative plural. The case suffixes are: in the singular: Nominative-Accusative: a, (a)(m), o, a, u(m), u(m), i, i Cf. ibid., SS 149; Pischel, 1900: SS 602; Critical Pali Dictionary, an-a and a (8.9); and Wackernagel, Altindische Grammatik, II. 1, SS 32b. 42 The vocative singular d-suffix and the vocative plural oe-suffixes, listed by Tessitori, do not appear in the manuscripts. See Tessitori, 1914-1916: SSSS 66 and 67. 43 The "extended" suffix -au consists of two suffixes-the a (nom.-acc. termination of the a-declension) to which has been added the other case-suffixes. See Edgerton, 1911: 9-12; Whitney, 1896: SS 1222; and Tessitori, 1914-1916: SS 57.

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line. 278 BENDER: THE NALARAYADAVADANTICARITA (TRANS. AMER. PHIL. SOC. Vocative: identical with the nominative (when it Examples: 46 a-bases, nominative singular, mascu occurs) Instrumental: ii(m), e, ihi(m), i(m), i Locative: ii(m), e, i(m), i, (t)tha Noun. Genitive: ha, a a: aparadha (287) 'offence' Ablative: o, am uchava (322) 'celebration' kubaja (218) 'hunchback and in the plural: kul'acara (166) 'proper conduct' kusala (234) 'Kubala' Nominative-Accusative: a, a(m), a, i, 2, kubara (299) "Kubara' Vocative: no occurrences gaja (34) 'elephant' Instrumental: e, i, ihi(m) gama (217) 'village Locative: e, i guna (295) 'virtue Genitive: a(m), ha(m) ghara (292) 'house, palace Ablative: no occurrences cora (187) 'thief The nominative-accusative singular suffixes are cheha (295) 'end' (with the exception of the "extended" suffix -au) also jana (245) 'man' employed as the suffixes for the instrumental, locative thakura (292) 'lord, master' and genitive-both singular and plural. ta pasa (180) 'ascetic The nominative, accusative, and vocative suffixes tilaka (37) 'forehead-mark are attached directly to the base. The instrumental, dadhipamna (221) 'Dadhiparna' locative, and genitive suffixes function in two ways.4 dana (98) 'gift' In the first, they are attached directly to bases which duta (222) 'messenger take -a for their nominative-accusative singular suffix. deva (209) god' The instrumental singular suffixes of the a-bases are deha (226) 'body' -i(m), -i(m), -e, -ihi(m) and -7. The instrumental dharma (9) 'duty' plural suffixes are -e, -i, and -ihi(m). The locative namdana (26) 'son' singular suffixes of the a-bases are -ii(m), -i(m), -e, -7 nara (81) 'man' and - tha-the last occurring only in adverbs. The narimda (54) 'monarch' locative plural suffixes are -e and -1. The genitive naresa (117) 'monarch' singular suffixes are -ha and -a; 45 the genitive plural, nala (134) 'Nala' -am). Of the ablative suffixes -0 occurs only once naga (200) 'snake and -am appears only with adverbs. piya (204) 'father' In the second type of suffixation the suffixes of the bhamga (263) 'destruction instrumental, the locative and the genitive are at bhamdara (310) 'treasury, store-house tached to the nominative-accusative singular suffixes. bharatara (263) "husband' bhima (52) 'Bhima' This statement applies to the remaining bases: the -1,-1, a, and the "extended"-au. In bases which take bhoga (302) "pleasure mamca (47) dais' the "extended" suffix -au (and its contracted form -o) muga (168) 'road' for their nominative-accusative singular, the suffixes moha (210) delusion' are attached to the -a after the -u(m) has been dropped. ramga (263) 'pleasure The suffix of the instrumental-locative singular is ratha (147) chariot' -im): that of the instrumental-locative plural, -e. vicara (286) 'conduct The genitive singular is-ha; the genitive plural -ha(m). viveka (7) discrimination' The nominative-accusative singular a-suffix is replaced visasa (253) 'confidence' by -a before the other suffixes. saimvara (319) 'svayamvara' satthavaha (296) 'caravan leader 44 Tessitori, 88 55 ff. arranged nominal bases into two classes, satha (171) *caravan' consonantal and vocal. "Consonantal bases end in a consonant (or conjunct) followed by -a, which is dropped before all termina simgara (31) 'ornamentation tions. This class comprises all so-called 'weak' tadbhavas and sura (204) 'god' tatsamas in oa. Vocal bases may be subdivided into: (a) bases suara (218) 'cook' ending in a vowel different from a, namely: 'a, 1, 7, ou, oi, and bases ending in 'ac (Ap. Raa, Skt. 'aka)." 46 Paradigms have not been set up, since no one base occurs 15-a is the genitive singular "extended" suffix. See Tessitori, with all its case-suffixes, both singular and plural. Bases have 1914-1916: $ 62, where he derives -a from * 'aaha. This is the been identified by their nominative-accusative, singular, suffixes -a genitive-oblique suffix of the infinitive, and, at this stage of the (e.g., a-bases, d-bases, i-bases, etc.), and their gender and class language, is beginning to appear as the case-suffix of nominal (e.g., masculine, feminine, neuter, and noun, adjective, participle, forms before postpositions. Cf. the -oblique suffix of Modern etc.) given. Paradigms for the separate bases can be constructed Gujarati. by selecting the pertinent examples from the data given.

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VOL. 40, PT. 4, 1950] harasa (26) hatha (96) humdika (281) Adjective. a: agadha (287) anopama (16) abhirama (260) avara (78) kubada (226) gunajutta (313) gunavamta (70) ghora (173) camga (216) taruna (73) dusta (170) dussaha (276) nipuna (23) nica (81) nithura (133) priya (164) bhasura (187) madhura (16) manohara (23) vara (69) samiddha (298) sameta (140) sanamda (102) Present participle. a: gadayadamta (117) sunamta (144) hasamta (145) Past participle. a: karaya (100) kidha (166) pahutta (51) laddha (298). liddha (259) a: kaja (126) karana (269) cadana (263) carita (322) citta (68) jana (277) jhamala (46) dala (103) dukkha (247) dhana (98) nagara (3) nataka (228) nama (38) pakavana (88) papa (310) pura (292) 'joy' 'hand' 'Hundika' 'immeasurable' 'unparalleled' 'delightful' 'another' GRAMMAR: MORPHOLOGY 'hunchbacked' 'possessed of virtues' 'full of virtue' 'severe' 'happy' 'young' 'wicked' 'unbearable' 'skilled' 'base' 'cruel' 'beloved' 'radiant' 'sweet' 'delighting the mind' 'excellent' 'perfect' 'accompanied by 'delighted' reverberating' 'bearing' 'laughing' 'caused to be made' 'done' a-bases, nominative singular, neuter. Noun. 'arrived' 'attained' 'gained' 'need' 'cause' *climbing" 'story' 'mind' 'knowledge' 'gleam' 'army' 'sorrow' 'wealth' 'city' 'story, tale' 'name' 'sweetmeats' 'sin' 'city' bala (205) bhusana (70) mana (252) mamdapa (44) Adjective. a: atisama (261) abhirama (38) camcala (310) nija (219) vara (33) samiddha (3) samsara (310) supramana (170) Past participle. a: kiddha (46) patta (312) a: ana (170) kumyara (272) disa (178) mada (41) vatta (222) a-bases, nominative singular, feminine. Noun. Adjective. a: ajala (183) avara (280) asesa (196) gunavamta (171) cara (177) nirasa (285) nehajutta (296) palamba (111) priya (156) suguna (4) a: amba (160) 'might' 'embellishment' 'mind' 'pavilion' adara (292) uchava (105) kamtha (165) kara (153) kubara (300) 'very black' 'beautiful' 'unstable' 'own' 'excellent' 'filled with' 'vacillating" 'surpassing' guna (296) cara (223) jina (211) jinesa (B 1) thakura (275) trasa (211) damda (112) dina (244) duta (112) deva (20) 'done' 'attained' 'power' princess' 'initiation' 'wantonness' 'story" Past participle. 'attained' a: patta (192) a-bases, accusative singular, masculine. Noun. 'waterless' 'another' 'unharmed' 'full of virtue' 'beautiful' 'hopeless" 'affectionate' 'prominent' 'dear' 'excellent' 'mango-tree' 'respect' 'festival' 'throat' 'hand' 'Kubara' 'virtue' 'spy' 'Jina' 'Jina' 'lord' 'terror' 'stick' 'day' 'messenger' 'god' 279

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280 BENDER: THE NALARAYADAVADANTICARITA TRANS. AMER. PHIL. SOC. dhamma (28) dharma (177) namdana (27) nala (133) nara (65) naha (163) nisana (26) neha (204) nyaya (112) pamcama (22) parivara (192) pihara (169) pharasa (282) bhamga (84) bhamdara (122) bharatara (173) bhava (293) bhima (237) bhupala (161) machara (81) ramga (16) ratha (138) raya (33) vicara (233) vinasa (206) vilasa (308) vivaha (68) visasa (285) saimvara (242) saraga (35) satha (171) simgara (131) sura (179) soka (167) harasa (96) hatha (171) humdika (272) Adjective. a: anopama (136) avara (250) gunamaya (120) catura (68) cira (16) nija (12) nica (229) nithura (229) niya (27) pavana (321) priya (276) vara (24) samiddha (104) sanamda (54) sumdara (226) sudha (28) sobhaga (226) Present participle. a: pasaramta (198) 'duty' 'duty' 'son' 'Nala 'man' 'lord 'drum' 'love' judgment' 'fifth "retinue 'father's house 'touch' 'interruption' 'treasury' "husband' 'birth 'Bhima' 'monarch 'envy' 'attachment' 'chariot' 'king' 'reflection "harm 'sport 'marriage 'trust 'svayamvara' 'heaven' 'caravan' 'ornamentation' 'god 'grief joy' "hand 'Hundika' Past participle. a: datta (290) 'given' a-bases, accusative singular, neuter. Noun. a: abhyasa (29) 'instruction asukana (6) 'inauspicious omen' gana (239) 'song' caritta (209) tale' chala (119) 'trick' chatta (19) 'unbrella' jaga (37) 'world janama (37) "life jala (84) 'water' Ojhamala (47) 'delusion' jhujha (79) 'fight' thama (67) place, position dukkha (194) 'sorrow' nagara (187) 'city' piya (296) "pleasure punya (304) 'merit' pura (185) "city" phala (180) 'fruit' mamda pa (53) 'pavilion mana (43) 'mind' marana (165) death mukha (162) 'face' rana (165) 'forest vakkhana (21) 'preaching vacana (80) 'speech' vana (220) 'forest' Adjective. a: ghana (221) 'great' tata (165) 'hot' sudha (20) 'pure Past participle. a: upana (22) 'reborn a-bases, accusative singular, feminine. Noun. a: ana (111) 'command vatta (249) 'story' Adjective. a: sameta (297) 'accompanied by' saluna (214) 'excellent supavitta (209) 'completely pure 4-stems, vocative singular, masculine. Noun. a: kubaja (217) 'hunchback cheka (137) 'wise (one)' tata (223) 'father' naravara (247) 'hero natha (288) 'lord' naha (166) 'lord' nithara (166) 'cruel 'peerless' 'another 'virtuous 'wise 'long 'own *low, base 'cruel' 'own' 'purifying 'husband' 'excellent 'full' 'delighted 'beautiful 'pure "blessed' 'spreading

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joy' VOL. 40, PT. 4, 1950) GRAMMAR: MORPHOLOGY 281 nibhaga (230) "unfortunate (one)' caritta (298) 'observance of Jain bhupala (238) 'lord' religion' raya (10) 'king' ceta (228) 'recollection humdika (234) 'Hundika' tava (92) praise tilaka (103) 'forehead-mark a-bases, instrumental singular, masculine. dava (32) '[forest-fire Noun. nala (304) 'Nala' iim: acariim (H 251) 'custom bhimaratha (98) 'Bhimaratha' anamdiim (291) 'joy! ramga (293) 'affection' dharamiim (35) dharma' viveka (115) 'true knowledge nehiim (182) 'love' saneha (295) 'affection bhaviim (318) 'nature sisa (322) 'pupil bhimiim (265) 'Bhima' Adjective. muniim (141) 'muni' rogiim (246) 'difficulty' i: eki (184) 'one' rosiim (113) 'anger kali (87) 'sweet (-toned) suriim (322) 'sage' e: nave (290) 'new' sokiim (159) 'sorrow' a (= nominative-accusative singular suffix): harasiim (301) 'delight' avicala (321) 'unwavering' im: abhipraim (210) 'wish vara (92) 'excellent pasaim (85) 'favor Present participle. hathim (126) "hand i: amguli (282) 'finger i: turamti (190) 'hastening' athari (157) 'aid' a-bases, instrumental singular, neuter. adari (236) 'respect' uchavi (100) 'festival' Noun. uchahi (286) iim: jhamaliim (37) 'miraculous result' kari (194) 'hand' tejiim (54) 'splendor kubaji (258) 'hunchback' namiim (74) 'name' camdani (305) 'sandal' puthiim (136) 'request' dhanadevi (183) 'Dhanadeva' pramaniim (200) 'right perception naranahi (6) 'king baliim (115) "might' narimdi (188) 'monarch ruhiriim (158) 'blood' pasai (253) 'aid' rupiim (54) 'beauty pharasi (280) 'touch i: amgi (114) 'body' obhari (20) 'mass' abhyasi (218) 'study' bhavi (227) 'behavior ahari (241) 'food mohi (193) 'elation karani (5) 'cause lobhi (119) *covetousness kusumi (305) 'flower' vilasi (219) 'sport' kesari (305) 'saffron' visasi (156) 'confidence citti (296) 'mind' vegi (257) 'speed' nataki (239) 'tale, performance' sravaki (184) disciple nami (187) 'name' satthavahi (177) "leader of caravan' puri (305) 'flood' sumamgali (264) 'Sumamgali' bali (292) might' hathi (96) 'hand' bimdi (188) 'multitude humdiki (259) 'Hundiki' mahavairaggi (311) 'extreme e: narimde (P. 188) 'monarch dissatisfaction ihim: prabhavihim (42) 'power' rupi (172) 'form' 7 17: hathi (166) 'hand' vakhani (262) 'interpretation' a (= nominative-accusative singular suffix): osasani (H 320) 'instruction sukhi (103) 'comfort' ahara (12) 'food' e: kumyale (175) 'water' uchaha (100) 'joy' a (= nominative-accusative singular suffix): kataka (113) 'army' citta (66) 'marvel' kara (85) "hand' chatta (312) 'umbrella' 47 This - may be for i. See under Phonology for remarks on torana (48) 'arch' the inconsistency in the marking of length of i. vacana (101) 'talk'

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282 BENDER: THE NALARAYADAVADANTICARITA (TRANS. AMER. PHIL. SOC. Adjective. a (= nominative-accusative, singular suffix): a - nominative-accusative singular suffix): avasara (222) 'opportunity' amamda (317) 'not little, great' kalasa (49) *pot, holder a-bases, instrumental singular, feminine. kumdinapura (157) "Kundinapura' causala (119) 'four-halled palace' Adjective. jhujhara (83) 'battle' i: ramani (140) "lovely' divasa (308) "day' a (= nominative-accusative singular suffix): parinama (22) 'result' atighana (154) 'very much Adjective. a-bases, locative singular, masculine. i: gahani (200) 'deep' ghani (19) 'great, heavy' Noun. vami (201) "left' iim: anamdiim (14) joy' sari (261) 'excellent kusaliim (237) 'Kosala' a: eka (121) 'one' poliim (264) 'gate' vara (92) 'excellent i: aggi (246) 'fire' subha (36) 'auspicious amcali (167) 'border of garment' avasari (11) 'opportunity Present participle. astapadi (13) Mt. Astapada' i: jhuramli (198) 'grieving' kari (84) "hand' Past participle. kamthi (76) 'neck' i: uvi (91) 'came kumdinapuri (168) 'Kundinapura' a: kiya (179) gaji (213) 'made' 'elephant' giri (175) patta (222) 'suitable 'mountain ghari (236) "house' a-bases, locative singular, neuter. gheri (B 32) 'house' Noun. camdri (120) 'moon' chehi (173) 'end' iim: kajiim (222) 'business' digamti (79) 'end of vision bhaliim (37) 'forehead' dini (36) 'day' vaniim (141) 'forest' divasi (222) 'day' sukhiim (197) 'comfort' desi (158) 'edge i: amgi (55) 'limb' niravahi (286) "life, subsisting' degasani (292) throne pakhi (28) "half of lunar month' caumasi (20) 'four-month period of pagi (116) 'foot' monsoon' pathi (94) citti (316) mind' 'path' pai (294) 'foot' citi (293) mind'. pihari (173) jagi (277) 'father's house 'world bambhaloi (210) jali (120) 'Brahma-heaven' 'water' bhavi (163) 'life thami (201) 'place maggi (246) journey' nagari (20) 'city' ranaramgi (114) 'battle-field" na yari (27) 'city' rathi (140) 'chariot puthi (34) 'back' ravi (49) balappani (141) 'sun (-light) 'boyhood' raji (117) bhutali (167) 'kingdom' 'ground vilasi (300) 'sport' mani (285) 'mind' videsi (158) 'abroad mamdiri (20) "house' saimvari (68) 'svayamvara' mastaki (92) 'head' rani (230) saragi (298) 'heaven' 'forest' samsari (63) siri (60) 'world' 'head' suraloi (16) 'heaven of gods' silatali (165) 'surface of rock' 7 48: nagari (117) e: nivase (322) 'stay' 'city' page (193) 'foot' vairagi (H 108) 'freedom from worldly vase (322) desires 'year' 1 18: vimasi (159) deliberation saravari (162) 'excellent lake a: amga (280) 'body' ** See fn. 47, above, and of the -1 of the conjunctive participle kevala (319) "highest possible which is a contraction of -i. knowledge

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(280) VOL. 40, PT. 4, 1950) GRAMMAR: MORPHOLOGY vairaga (108) 'freedom from worldly Present participle. desires' a: gahagahamta (53) delighted' Adjective. lahalahamta (49) 'flourishing' a: ucita (54) 'proper' vikasamta (54) "gleaming' usara (201) 'barren Past participle. Conjunctive participle. 49 a: diddha (215) 'given' 7: ani (195) 'brought' a-bases, nominative plural, neuter. ulasi (191) 'recognized kari (291) 'did' Noun. gahagahi (258) 'excited' a: cira (208) 'clothes cadi (164) 'climbed' dukkha (287) 'grief jani (186) 'learned bhusana (236) 'ornaments' joi (225) saw' loyana (167) 'eyes' a-bases, ablative singular, neuter. vighana (85) 'obstacles Noun. Adjective. 0: amgo (114) 'impassioned' a: saramga (280) 'body' a-bases, accusative plural, masculine. Present participle. am: karatam (167) 'doing Noun. karamtam (107) 'doing a: uchava (26) 'celebrations' kahatam (34) 'saying' kara (292) 'hands' chatam (319) 'being gama (216) 'villages jalam (230) 'going' carana (150) 'feet' jivatam (252) "living' caraga (26) jails rahitam (173) 'staying' jina (15) 'Jinas sunatam (2) 'hearing dhola (87) 'kettle-drums' tilaka (15) 'forehead-marks' a-bases, nominative plural, masculine. dana (93) gifts' Noun. dina (101) 'days' a: kumjara (98) 'elephant' nisana (87) 'drums' guna (300) 'virtues' pradhana (43) 'ministers' camara (92) 'Ay-whisk' bhila (146) 'Bhils' cora (309) 'thieves' bhupala (52) 'monarchs' jana (27) 'people maga (103) 'roads' tapasa (176) 'ascetics' raya (100) 'kings' damda (49) 'staffs vira (114) 'heroes' dana (61) gifts' Adjective. dina (246) days' a: aneka (26) 'many dujana (86) 'evil folk' catura (43) 'wise' duta (189) 'messengers' ghana (100) 'many' deva (22) 'gods sakala (50) 'all' narimda (118) "kings' bamdina (60) 'bards' Present participle. bhamdara (302) 'treasuries' a: phuramta (179) 'shining' bhila (146) 'Bhils' bhupala (53) a-bases, accusative plural, neuter. 'monarchs' ratha (94) 'carts' Noun. raya (66) 'kings' a: aksara (167) "letters' vira (83) 'heroes' giya (27) 'songs' Adjective. cira (153) 'strips of cloth joana (154) 'yojanas' a: camga (106) 'handsome thama (122) 'provinces saguna (50) 'virtuous' nagara (122) 'cities' salekha (50) 'having letters' pura (122) 'towns saruva (50) 'beautiful mamdira (122) 'palaces' 4 See Tessitori, 1914-1916: $13. vacana (144) 'words'

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284 Adjective. a: ghana (26) 'many' a-bases, instrumental plural, masculine. Noun. e: phale (175) loane (76) sukhe (HP 302) i: dali (83) e: uchave (177) bole (290) bhoge (310) rae (62) sravane (7) ihim: gunihim (104) a-bases, instrumental plural, neuter. Noun. a-bases, locative plural, neuter. Noun. e: jane (81) BENDER: THE NALARAYADAVADANTICARITA Adjective. a-bases, locative plural, masculine. Noun. bhusane (207) visane (127) i: dharma'kaji (10) mukhi (144) simhasani (54) e: ucchave (62) utare (52) a (= nominative-accusative, singular, suffix): posaha (21) 'Posadha-days" Adjective. 'celebrations' 'words' 'enjoyments' 'kings" 'ears' 'merits' e: salune (76) 'fruits' 'eyes' au: kusalau (224) padahau (112) pimgalau (187) u: bhanu (250) 'delights' 'armies' 'festivals' 'camps' 'knowledge' 'ornaments' 'vices' 'lustrous' (a)u 50 ('extended')-bases, nominative singular, mas culine. Noun. 'performance of duty' 'mouths' 'lion-thrones' 'Kusala' 'drum' 'Pingala' 'sun' 50 The forms with the nominative-accusative u(m)-suffix cannot be distinguished in the writing from the other u(m)-forms, making it difficult in some instances to assign a nominal base to its classexcept where revealed by occurrences of the base with other case-suffixes, by manuscript variations, by metre, or by traditional evidence (e.g., etymology). The language is in the transitional period when final -au(m) is being replaced by -o and -u. Compare the variation of -u and -au in the writing; the o-suffix, following; and the Modern Gujarati nominative singular masculine ending in -o and the neuter singular in -. See also Divatia, 1921: 2: 69 for remarks. The rhymes in several instances of final -i and -u with -a may also be an indication of final vowels not being pronounced in the spoken language of the period. In the language of the manuscripts, however, they are still pronounced as -a, since the metres require their pronunciation. au: anerau (224) akarau (151) agalau (292) aghau (159) ukamtau (84) ubhau (82) kalau (203) kubadau (283) kharau (120) gharanau (235) jacau (158) jethau (73) dhanau (24) pachau (237) pridau (162) rudau (202) ruyadau (162) sarasau (255) salunau (163) sacau (158) u: agadhu (313) aneru (H 224) akaru (B 151) agalu (28) kalu (B 203) kubadu (B 283) gharanu (H 235) dhanu (B 24) sujanu (250) Pronominal Adjective. au: amharau (11) Present participle. au: avatau (162) karatau (117) jatau (10) jivatau (243) phiratau (189) bhogavatau (307) mumkatau (201) valatau (80) hutau (240) u: avatu (B 162) karatu (B 117) calavatu (153) jatu (B 10) dharatu (B 204) bolatu (200) valatu (B 80) valavamtu (220) Past participle. au: upanau (18) kidhau (100) kiyau (S 207) cadiyau (H 255) [TRANS. AMER. PHIL. SOC. 'another' 'fierce' 'first' 'distant' 'with hair standing on end' 'upright' 'black-hued' 'deformed' 'saltish' 'of the house' 'final' 'eldest' 'glorious' 'back' 'beloved" 'virtuous' 'handsome' 'delighted" 'superb' 'true' 'preeminent' 'another' 'fierce' 'first' 'black-hued' 'deformed' 'of the house' 'glorious' 'wise' 'our' 'coming' 'doing' 'going' 'living' 'going about' 'enjoying' 'releasing' 'turning' 'being' 'coming' 'doing' 'leading on' 'going' 'holding' 'speaking' 'turning 'wandering about' 'reborn' 'made' 'made' 'mounted'

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VOL. 40, PT. 4, 1950) GRAMMAR: MORPHOLOGY 285 jayau (B 26) "born au: adhikau (165) 'great' jimau (H 270) 'ate' kalau (203) 'black-hued' tuthau (172) 'delighted motau (162) 'great tedau (H 275) summoned' um: dhilum (279) 'inattentive trathau (32) "frightened dithau (273) 'seen Present participle. puhatau (264) 'arrived' um: hutum (141) 'was baithau (213) 'sat down Past participle. lagau (256) "began' aum: upanaum (37) 'produced lidhau (108) 'undertaken' didhaum (262) u: anamdiu (77) delighted' given' aniu (285) 'befallen' 'carried nipanaum (162) 'taken' aviyu (95) lidhaum (316) 'arrived' karaviu (282) 'caused to do' au: jagau (144) 'awakened kiu (207) um: kahium (141) 'said' 'made' kium (B 322) 'made' kadhu (BH 100) 'made' kidhum (H 239) 'excited, delighted' 'made' gahagahiu (259) didhum (BH 300) given ghau (77) 'beaten' dharium (188) 'excited "taken' cadiu (86) pamium (295) 'driven off' caliu (136) 'reached' puchium (209) 'asked janaviu (112) 'made known' bhogavium (H 307) enjoyed janium (268) 'made known jagiu (75) 'awakened' mamdium (228) fenacted' milium (142) 'met' jayu (26) 'born sambharium (BH 164) 'remembered jimiu (270) 'ate' huum (279) 'became tediu (275) 'invited' u: aviu (166) 'came' thaium (P 177) 'set up' 'said' namiu (84) kahiu (264) 'bowed' kiu (322) 'made' nisariu (145) 'went out' padiu (261) 'fell' jimiu (215) 'eaten' 'bitten' . parivariu (113) dasiu (201) 'surrounded puhutu (B 187) pamiu (P 304) 'gained' 'arrived' bhariu (290) 'filled mamdiu (HP 232) 'established' maniu (139) mamdiu (PS 248) 'arranged' "heeded' huu (131) *considered 'became' maniu (6) miliu (237) 'met' Infinitive: 51 lagu (BH 256) 'began' aum: jaevaum (253) 'going' lidhu (B 108) "undertaken' au ('extended')-bases, accusative singular, masculine. Gerundive. au: anavau (242) 'to be brought Noun. jatavau (287) 'to be won over' au: garavau (148) 'pride joavau (223) 'to find out satharau (155) 'grass-bed' u: anavu (H 242) 'to be brought Adjective. au ('extended')-bases, nominative singular, neuter. au: chathau (23) sixth' Noun. sacau (234) 'true' aum: karanaum (H 163) 'cause au ('extended')-bases, accusative singular, neuter. talaum (45) 'floor Noun. au: dhilau (S 279) 'inattentive um: paranum (175) 'breaking of fast' aum: udhanaum (134) 'covering cloth' um: karanam (163) 'cause ksatripanaum (309) 'rulership nala panaum (239) 'state of being Nala' Adjective. samkalaum (213) 'chain' aum: atighanaum (188) great' suminaum (161) 'dream' jetalaum (225) 'as much um: haidum (B 157) 'heart tetalaum (225) 'so much' um: nalapanum (HP 239) 'state of being Nala' padharaum (148) 'amiss' The infinitive is the neuter of the gerundive. See Tessitori, ladhalaum (132) 'gained 1914-1916: $134.

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'love' 286 BENDER: THE NALARAYADAVADANTICARITA (TRANS. AMER. PHIL. SOC. Adjective. Adjective. aum: aradhaum (155) "half ai: hemamai (59) 'golden' gadhaum (157) 'firm' ruyadaum (4) 'beautiful au ('extended')-bases, genitive singular, masculine. au: kudau (242) 'feigned' Noun. au ('extended')-bases, instrumental singular, mascu- 'ha: arathaha (90) 'wealth line. aharaha (18) "herdsman' Noun. kudaha (220) deceit' janakaha (137) 'father' ai: gamai (268) 'pleasure dadhipamnaha (269) "Dadhiparna' mahocchavai (97) 'great festival nisadhaha (110) Nisadha' samsai (281) 'doubt' bhamdaraha (30) 'treasury' aim: kusalaim (237) 'Kusala' mammanaha (18) 'Mammana' nehaim (PS 182) munivaraha (187) 'excellent muni' badaim (H 228) 'young Brahman vadaha (168) 'banyan-tree sathaim (H 51) 'retinue Adjective. Adjective. ai: atighanai (322) ha: gunaha (30) 'virtuous sudhai (BH 65) purified' au ('extended')-bases, genitive singular, neuter. Present participle. Noun. ai: pujamtai (184) 'worshipping ha: punyaha (16) 'merit' au ('extended')-bases, instrumental singular, neuter. manaha (90) 'mind sujanaha (265) 'wisdom Noun. ai: nammai (B 23) 'name' Infinitive. punyai (304) 'merit' a: sediva (256) 'drive aim: putrapanaim (24) sonship' jaiva (157) bhola panaim (6) java (137) 'go' au ('extended')-bases, locative singular, masculine. jova (267) see thava (278) 'be' Noun. pakhaliva (162) 'wash' ai: utarai (B 99) 'camp' parineva (248) 'marry' polai (B 264) 'gate lusiva (146) 'rob' vihanai (159) 'in the morning' vamdeva (311) 'worship' samai (16) 'time au ('extended')-bases, nominative plural, masculine. Adjective. Past participle. aim: ghanaim (14) 'great a: anya (266) 'brought Present participle. avya (267) 'arrived aim: karamtaim (206) "doing' ulakhya (293) 'recognized kidha (206) 'made au ('extended')-bases, locative singular, neuter. gaya (311) 'went' calya (154) Noun. 'walked' tedavya (297) 'invited' ai: udhanai (201) 'garment trasavya (147) 'frightened off kumdaim (176) 'well' nisariya (83) 'went out' catur panai (H 29) 'wisdom paisha (146) 'entered' pachimai (H 250) 'west pahuta (16) 'reached bilai (208) 'vilva-fruit' pratibodhya (177) enlightened haidalai (B 94) 'heart' bhariya (83) filled hiyai (26) 'heart' harasiya (86) 'delighted' aim: dithaim (46) "sight' harisya (197) delighted vinanaim (33) 'understanding' hua (86) 'became suminaim (H 32) 'dream sobhagaim (28) 'beauty' au ('extended')-bases, nominative plural, neuter. 'go' 'error'

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287 VOL. 40, PT. 4, 1950) GRAMMAR: MORPHOLOGY Adjective. piyu (P 204) 'father' am: ghanam (241) 'many' lahu (6) 'gain' saghalam (277) sahu (20) 'Sadhu' a: alighana (93) 'many' u: vanagaju (164) 'wild elephant' varu (251) 'choice' au ('extended')-bases, locative plural, masculine. Adjective. Noun. u: guru (73) 'grave' e: hemavae (22) 'Himalayas' bahu (10) 'much' au ('extended')-bases, locative plural, neuter. lahu (74) 'younger' Noun. A-bases, nominative singular, neuter. e: hiyadae (94) "hearts' Noun. au ('extended')-bases, genitive plural, masculine. u: choru (33) 'child' pavittu (2) 'purity' Noun. u: kesari (58) saffron ha: rayaha (H 44) "kings' choru (BP 33) 'child' naravaraha (67) 'excellent men' ham: naraham (H 67) 'men' Adjective. rayaham (44) *kings' u: bahu (98) 'much 05 ('extended')-bases, nominative singular, masculine. d-bases, accusative singular, masculine. Noun. Adjective. o: camdo (28) moon' u: bahu (192) 'great nayan'anamdo (28) 'delight to eye' lahu (29) 'younger' Adjective. A-bases, accusative singular, neuter. o: chatto (19) 'having umbrella' Noun. Past participle. u: carittu (2) 'story' o: pahutto (19) 'arrived' meru (304) Mt. Meru' o 'extended')-bases, nominative singular, neuter. Adjective. u: caru (2) 'delightful Noun. 0: phalo (33) A-bases, accusative singular, feminine. "result' 0 ('extended')-bases, accusative singular, masculine. Adjective. u: bahu (104) Noun. 0: kalo (22) "time A-bases, vocative singular, masculine. dhammo (20) duty' Noun. 0 ('extended)-bases, accusative singular, neuter. u: ikkhagu (199) "Iksvaku' Noun. d-bases, instrumental singular, masculine. o: jammo (20) 'birth Noun. Adjective. im: baduim (228) 'young Brahman' u (= nominative-accusative singular suffix): o: sahalo (20) 'fruitfull guru (271) 'Guru' d-bases, nominative singular, masculine. 1 (= nominative-accusative singular suffix): velu (175) Noun. u: dehu (S 226) 'body' Adjective. naresu (212) 'monarch' u (= nominative-accusative singular suffix): nahu (69) 'lord bahu (100) 'great' 52 See fn. 50 for replacement of -au by -e. d-bases, instrumental singular, neuter. 5 See Phonology for comments on the inconsistency in the marking of the length of u, especially in final position. The Adjective. u-suffix is from original u-declensions or from Apabhransa. See u: bahu (62) 'great' the vocabulary for etymologies and fn. 7 for remark on confusion of-u with the "extended" nominative-accusative singular suffix. d-bases, locative singular, masculine. 'great 'sand'

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288 BENDER: THE NALARAYADAVADANTICARITA [TRANS. AMER. PHIL. SOC. Noun. i: guni (6) 'possessing merit' u (= nominative-accusative singular, suffix): bhavi (180) 'blessing' saimvaru (251) 'svayamvara T-bases, nominative singular, neuter. surataru (261) 'divine-tree' Noun. Adjective. i: pakhi (261) "bird' i: gurui (251) 'great L-bases, nominative singular, feminine. d-bases, nominative plural, masculine. Noun. Noun. i: atavi (154) 'forest u: taruvaru (163) 'trees amari (63) 'goddess' payaku (98) 'footsoldiers' kumari (38) 'princess' u-bases, nominative plural, masculine kosi (49) 'roof khani (24) 'mine' Noun. davadamti (276) 'Davadanti' u: maniku (98) 'rubies' devi (260) goddess' d-bases, instrumental plural, neuter. nadi (183) 'river' nayari (23) 'city' Noun. nari (281) 'wife' e: amsue (167) 'tears' pacchedi (257) 'scarf paramanue (64) "comparisons' patarani (4) 'chief-queen' padavi (303) 'honor' A-bases, instrumental plural, feminine. puspadamti (32) 'Puspadanti Noun. pratihari (72) portress beti (197) e: kulavadhue (95) 'nobel women' daughter' bhimi (179) 'Bhimi' 1 64-bases, nominative singular, masculine. mahasati (7) "highly virtuous Noun. woman' machali (165) 'fish i: cei (B 177) 'temple malati (58) Malati [ceiya (177) "temple'] 55 rasavati (270) 'savory preparation' jivi (H 18) soul' rani (16) 'queen' josi (97) 'astrologer ladi (BS 96) 'bride' damti (32) 'elephant' [ladiya (96) 'bride'] dhani (143) 'lord' i: 'akkhamti (248) 'impatience bhamdari (317) 'treasurer' kitti (111) 'fame' mamtri (110) 'minister citti (278) "understanding' asi (85) 'sword' nari (251) 'woman' ahi (204) snake' putti (43) daughter' jayakirati (322) Jayakirti' pratihari (67) 'portress naravai (33) 'king' pratiti (293) 'experience nidhi (75) 'treasury' bhavathi (188) 'state of affairs pati (69) 'lord' bhramti (273) 'error' muni (6) 'Muni' mati (276) 'mind' rasi (262) "heap' riddhi (292) 'wealth risi (8) 'sage' ruci (214) 'desire' vihi (120) 'fate' lacchi (139) 'fortune hari (82) defeat vani (77) 'voice Adjective. sodi (90) 'complaint i: machari (119) 'envious' sampatti (194) 'fulfillment vanavasi (219) "living in forest Adjective. See Phonology for remarks on the inconsistency in the mark i: avagani (129) 'treated with ing of the length of i, especially in final position. In general, disrespect' bases with nominative-accusative singular in -i are from original utakamthi (76) 'eager' 7- and in-declensions, and -1 from original i-declensions. See the ullasi (169) glossary for etymological data. "happy 55-iya is a spelling for -7, as is shown in the metres where it ekali (P 165) 'alone counts for two morae, instead of three. dukhabhari (165) 'full of grief

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VOL. 40, PT. 4, 1950] nijani (281) nidhani (165) bahumani (186) vauli (154) sidhi (42) sukhini (184) i: ajani (182) Present participle. i: alokamti (76) calati (172) janamti (67) jati (136) jivati (196) joati (167) joti (169) jhurati (164) dharati (167) pujati (175) bhamamti (183) bhavati (270) roti (195) svadamti (160) i: namamti (260) hamti (103) Past participle. i: ani (183) avi (196) ulasi (186) kai (183) kahi (271) kakiya (222) gai (276) [gaiya (319) cali (169) chamdi (229) jagi (161) jani (183) thai (276) didhi (42) pathavi (192) [padiya (164) padi (257) baithi (185) bhai (118) bhui (P 118) mani (184) mumki (168) [mukiya (164) rahi (197) lagi (193) [lagiya (166) vari (178) GRAMMAR: MORPHOLOGY 'silly' 'resourceless' 'honored' 'filled with' 'perfected' 'delighted' "ignorant" 'beholding" 'going on' "knowing" 'going' 'living' 'given' [diya (B 101) [= di] 'given'] dithi (62) 'seen' nipai (270) nipamni (64) paithi (62) 'looking' 'looking' 'languishing' 'grasping" "worshipping" 'wandering about' 'delighting' 'weeping' 'tasting' *reverencing' 'slaying" 'brought' 'came' 'recognized' 'made' 'told' 'told'] 55 'gone' 'gone'] 'started out' 'abandoned' 'awakened' 'taught' 'became' 'prepared' 'perfected' 'entered' 'sent' 'fallen'] 'fallen' 'seated' 'became' 'became' 'esteemed' 'abandoned' 'abandoned'] 'remained' 'attached' 'attached'] 'filled' sambhali (179) hai (H 227) hui (319) i: posi (236) 'heard' 'became' 'became' 'fed' t-bases, accusative singular, masculine. Noun. i: kevali (179) i: asi (146) ahi (201) kevali (180) rasi (220) risi (12) Adjective. i: amteuri (130) gharist (298) cudi (57) i: jalakeli (107) t-bases, accusative singular, feminine. Noun. patauladi (57) birudavali (71) bhaneji (191) bhimi (198) rasavati (266) rani (34) ruyadi (208) lajjadi (124) ladi (99) i: atikhamti (66) amari (319) kitti (60) jugati (191) drethi (185) nari (243) bhagati (12) bhatti (197) bhumi (133) bhramti (237) riddhi (16) hitabuddhi (294) Adjective. i: ghani (275) aneri (214) ekali (162) ghani (289) jnani (293) moti (121) ramani (157) ruyadi (208) sacimti (185) 'Kevalin' 'sword' 'snake' Pronominal Adjective. i: tuhari (111) [iya: amhariya (133) 'Kevalin' 'collection' 'sage' 'frolicking in water' 'harem' 'wife' 'bangle' 'patola' 'catalogue of honors' 'niece' 'Bhimi' 'savory preparation' 'queen' 'form' 'modesty' 'bride' 'extreme self-control' 'goddess' 'fame' 'propriety' 'look' 'wife' 'devotion' 'devotion' 'land' 'slip' 289 'prosperity' 'friendly intent' 'great' 'another' 'alone' 'great' 'wise' 'great' 'beautiful' 'form' 'anxious' 'your' 'Our'] 55

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290 BENDER: THE NALARAYADAVADANTICARITA [TRANS. AMER. PHIL. SOC. Present participle. i: suti (230) 'sleeping' L-bases, vocative singular, feminine. Noun. i: devi (232) 'queen' khani (168) 'mine Adjective. i: sujani (168) 'wise 1-bases, instrumental singular, masculine. Noun. iim: vidhiim (95) 'form i (= nominative-accusative singular suffix): mamtri (242) minister' vani (24) 'voice i (= nominative-accusative singular suffix): asi (158) sword kulapali (181) "head of community' vidhi (97) 'form 1-bases, instrumental singular feminine. Noun. im: raniim (H 32) 'queen' i(= nominative-accusative singular suffix): asatti (316) 'attachment' davadamti (176) Davadanti devi (147) queen dhadi (171) 'attack' nisi (179) 'night' priti (52) 'love' bhavathi (141) 'meaning' madi (211) 'rut' riddhi (298) 'supernatural power' riti (44) 'custom sarvasiddhi (321) 'complete perfection i(-nominative-accusative singular suffix): camdravati (186) "Candravati' devi (262) 'queen' bhimi (171) 'Bhimi' rani (32) 'queen Adjective. i (= nominative-accusative singular suffix): ullasi (314) "happy' daya'dhari (187) 'full of pity' bahuli (52) 'great' madhuri (24) sweet' ramani (140) "beautiful Present participle. i (= nominative-accusative singular suffix): suti (32) 'sleeping Past participle. im: baithiim (187) 'seated' t-bases, locative singular, masculine. Noun. im: poliim (264) 'gate' i (= nominative-accusative singular suffix): aggi (246) 'fire' pathi (94) 'path' ravi (49) 'sun-light' 1 (= nominative-accusative singular suffix): karamdi (208) 'casket' dasa disi (161) 'ten directions' puhuvi (257) 'ground baravati (319) "Baravati' mahalavi (146) great forest Adjective. i(= nominative-accusative singular suffix): vauli (196) 'tangled Past participle. i: avii (91) "came -bases, locative singular, feminine. Noun. im: jugatiim (91) 'properly paradhiim (5) 'sin' mugatiim (319) "salvation' ritiim (91) 'custom' i(= nominative-accusative singular suffix): dasa'disi (167) 'ten directions' drethi (212) 'look' puhavi (S 257) 'ground rati (159) 'night' vavi (185) *pond' siddhi (181) 'final emancipation' L-bases, nominative plural, masculine. Noun. : desa pati (68) 'kings' bhupati (109) 'kings' Adjective. i: vairi (125) 'hostile L-bases, nominative plural, feminine. Noun. i: bhiti (44) 'walls' i: gudi (26) 'festive poles' putali (46) 'figures' nari (61) 'women' Past participle. a: avatariya (35) 'appeared' udhariya (35) 'exalted' L-bases, accusative plural, masculine. Noun. i: mamtri (145) 'minister' hari (124) 'losses' L-bases, accusative plural, feminine.

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291 VOL. 40, PT. 4, 1950) GRAMMAR: MORPHOLOGY Noun. Noun. i: gupali (315) 'restraints' i: devamganai (99) "divine woman' i: mahisi (19) 'buffalo-cows' a (= nominative-accusative singular suffix): . kanya (80) Past participle. 'girl' gapha (B 175) "cave' i: phadi (153) 'torn a-bases, nominative plural, feminine. a-bases, nominative singular, masculine. Noun. Noun. a: kala (218) farts a: raja (27) *king' Adjective. Adjective. a: samiddha (18) "perfect' a: sammuha (193) before suprita (106) 'very lovely' a-bases, accusative plural, feminine. a-bases, nominative singular, feminine. Noun. a: kala (28) 'arts' Noun. ghatika (8) 'hours' a: abala (165) 'woman' jatra (306) 'pilgrimages kala (240) 'art' pata (153) 'strips of cloth kulamgana (61) 'virtuous woman' kosala (23) 'Kosala Pronouns 56 camdrajasa (297) 'Candrayasas' There is a regular alternation in the forms of the perpratima (42) 'image sonal pronouns. Each has one form for the nominaprasamsa (179) praise tive singular, another for the accusative and genitive bala (86) 'girl' singular, a third for the instrumental and locative Osiksa (241) *knowledge singular, and a fourth for the plural forms. It is diffisuta (279) daughter cult to isolate the bases of each pronoun. h m am Adjective. can be distinguished as the markers of the first person pronoun, and t tum as those of the second person. a: adhika (64) 'surpassing Of the nominal case-suffixes can be distinguished the dhanya (84) 'virtuous' genitive singular ha, the i(m) of the instrumental and pasiddha (18) 'famed locative singular and the am of the ablative. The last a-bases, accusative singular, masculine. occurs only with pronominal adverbs. The accusative and genitive forms are, for the most part, not disAdjective. tinguishable one from the other. am: sumaladam (150) 'soft' For practical purposes the pronouns are given in a-bases, accusative singular, feminine. paradigms. Noun. First person Singular a: abala (253) 'woman' Nominative hum (204), hum (10) kala (214) 'art' Accusative mujha (275), majha (287), majiha pariksa (270) "test (B 275), mum (199), mum (H 199) pratima (175) 'image' prasamsa (209) Genitive mujha (288), mujhaha (157), majha 'praise' (B 157) maya (269) 'kindness' mata (137) *mother' Instrumental maim (295), mai (PS 295), (maya seva (109) 'service (B 295]) am: kosalam (168) 'Kosala' Oblique mujha (289) siksam (238) 'knowledge First person Plural a-bases, instrumental singular, feminine. Nominative amhe (267), amha (78), amhi (266), Noun. amhi (H 266) i: samjhai (155) 'evening' Accusative (no occurrences) im: asaim (166) "hope Genitive amha (294), ama (P 240) (= nominative-accusative singular suffix): nidra (285) 'sleep' Instrumental (no occurrences) *cf. Tessitori, 1914-1916: $8 83-97, and Taylor, 1944: a-bases, locative singular, feminine. $8 58-70.

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BENDER: THE NALARAYADAVADANTICARITA Singular tum (168), tum (B 135), tu (P 196), tam (135) Accusative tujha (206) Genitive tujha (68), tajha (BS 295), tuha (74) Instrumental taim (287), tai (B 287) Oblique tujha (173) 292 Second person Nominative Second person Nominative Accusative Genitive tumha (111), tumhe (110), tamhe (B 110), tamha (B 276) Instrumental tumhi (273), tamhe (B 273), tumha (273), tumhi (10) Plural tumhe (S 265), tamhe (B 265), tumhi (265), tumha (P 293) tumha (289), tamha (B 289), tumha (9), tumhe (P 9) The following function as pronouns of the third person: a, so, e, and te. They function also as demonstrative adjectives, identical in form with the pronouns. a (162) 'he,' nom. sg. msc.; (278) 'this,' adj., sg. msc. Nominative (82) 'this,' adj., nom. sg. msc.; (B 161) obl. sg. msc. so (187) 'he,' nom. sg. msc.; (B 274) 'that,' adj., nom. sg. msc. su (214) 'he,' nom. sg. msc.; (274) 'that,' adj., nom. sg. msc. sa (P 274) 'that,' adj., nom. sg. msc. sa (193) 'she,' nom. sg. fem.; (284) 'that,' adj., nom. 'sg. fem. sa (257) 'she,' nom. sg. fem. These are found only in the nominative singular. e (pronoun): Singular Accusative Genitive e (73), eha (283), ehu (S 283)masculine e (82)-feminine eha (244) neuter eha (63)-feminine e (180) neuter eha (286)-masculine eha (282), iha (S 282)-feminine eha (226), ehu (S 226)-neuter Instrumental ini (266), enai (B 266), iniim (B 163) Locative nom. -masculine enai (B 11) Plural Nominative e (25) masculine e (241)-neuter e (208) Accusative e 'this' (adjective): Singular Nominative Accusative e (161)-masculine e (322), eha (207)-neuter Instrumental ini (231)-masculine Locative Plural forms do not occur. te (pronoun): Singular Nominative Accusative Genitive Locative Ablative Plural [TRANS. AMER. PHIL. SOC. e (234)-masculine e (271) feminine e (293), eha (H 293), eya (B 293) neuter te (168) masculine te (163)-feminine te (74) masculine te (194)-feminine tasu (4), tasa (B 4), tasa (29), tassa (S 168), tasu (322)-masculine tasa (193), tasu (H 193), tasa (P 319), tasu (H 71)-feminine Instrumental tini (276), tenai (B 276), tinaim (201), tinai (HB 201), tini (245)masculine tini (183), tenai (B 183), teni (B 187), tini (187)-feminine tini (11) masculine Nominative Accusative ini (5), eni (B 5), ini (231), ina (139), enai (B 203)-neuter ini (251), enai (B 251), ini (S 251) Plural (Found in the adverbs tiham (B 177), tihim (177)) te 'that' (adjective): Singular te (8)-masculine te (309), taya (311), taya (P 311), teya (B 311)-masculine Nominative te (112) masculine Accusative te (223) feminine Instrumental tini (316), tenai (B 316)-masculine Plural forms do not occur tete 'those' (pronoun): Singular Accusative tete (115)-neuter Nominative teta (64) masculine kavana (interrogative pronoun):

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VOL. 40, PT. 4, 1950) GRAMMAR: MORPHOLOGY 293 Singular much, jetalaum 'as much,' and ketalaum 'how much.' Nominative kavana (9), kuna (287)-masculine For variants and the other forms see the vocabulary. kavana (interrogative adjective): Numerals 57 Singular Cardinals: Nominative kavana (251), kuna (268)-feminine 1. eka (121), ika (216), iga (312) kuna (277)-neuter 2. be (107), doya 58 (B 168) Accusative kuna (214)-feminine bihum (83), behum (P 91)-accusative koi (indefinite pronoun): singular behu (314)-nominative plural Singular behu (13)-accusative plural Nominative koi (17), [koya (B 17)]-masculine 3. no occurrence. Cf. ti-of tihuyana 'the koi (229)-neuter three worlds.' Accusative kahi (123), kiha (PS 123)-masculine 4. no occurrence. Cf. cau--of cauviso 24.' koi (indefinite adjective): See glossary for other examples. 5. pamca (154), pamca (314) Singular 6. cha (249) Nominative ko (78), koi (240)-masculine 7. sata (182), satta (22) ka (93), kami (B 93)-feminine 8. atha (39) Accusative kaim (P 196), kai (H 196), kami 10. dasa (161), dahu (B 161) (196)-masculine 12. bara (313) Plural 15. panara (322), panaro (B 322) Accusative kai (101), [kaya (H 101))---masculine 18. athadasa (B 43), asthadasa (43), adhara (258), athara (39) je (relative pronoun): 24. cauvisa (14) Singular 25. pamcavisa (257) Nominative je (74)-masculine 36. cattisa (29), chatrisa (B 29) Genitive jasa (322), jasu (H 322), jasu (240), 72. bahuttari (28) jasa (P 240-masculine 100. sau (154), [su (BH 154)] Instrumental jini (65), jani (164)-masculine 500. pamcasata (142), pamcasaim (216) Ablative jahim (68), jaham (B 68), jiham (B 1,000. sahasa (258), sahisa (B 258) 157)-masculine 18,000. sahasa adhara (258) je (relative adjective): Ordinals: Singular second. biji (BH 251)-locative singular, feminine Nominative je (6)-masculine fourth. cauthi (246)-nominative singular, femiLocative jini (212)-masculine nine Plural fifth. pamcama (22)-accusative singular, masNominative je (277)-masculine culine Instrumental jehe (64)-masculine sixth. chathau (23)-accusative singular, masjeje 'whatever' (relative adjective): culine Singular CONJUGATION Accusative jeje (115) This section treats of verbal roots, the base-forming savi 'all' (adjective): suffixes marking tense and mood, the personal endings Singular (the suffixes marking person and number), and the Nominative sahu (17), sahu (137), sahu-a (292), nominalizing suffixes (i.e., suffixes which, when added sahum (HP 279)-masculine to a verbal base, are followed by case-suffixes rather Instrumental sahui (270)-masculine than by personal endings). Under the last are disPlural cussed the formation of the bases of the infinitive and the participles-the present, past and conjunctive Nominative savi (68), save (206)-masculine participles, and the gerundive. Accusative savi (43), save (30)-masculine 57 Cf. Tessitori, 1914-1916: $8 80-82. Other pronominal adjectives are: isiu 'of this sort, adjectives are: 1314 of this sort, ** Ct. ibi 68 Cf. ibid., p. 24, where he lists the use of 'do' as a Marwari jisiu 'of which sort,' kisiu 'what sort?' tetalaum 'so characteristic.

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294 BENDER: THE NALARAYADAVADANTICARITA [Trans. Amer. PHIL. SOC The verb has an active voice; two tenses, a pres- pharasau (280) 'touch' ent, and a future; and three moods, an indicative, an bhogavaim (16) 'enjoy' imperative, and a precative.60 The present tense oc- manau (293) 'believe curs in all three moods; the future in only one-the milaim (94) 'meet' indicative. sunaim (21) 'hear' The imperative forms occur only with the second person singular and plural suffixes. There are no Types of Bases special base-forming suffixes for the imperative. Here is discussed the formation of verbal bases, of Verbal bases 61 are arranged into two groups, de nominal bases derived from verbal bases (i.e., verbal pending upon the manner in which the personal end bases to which are added suffixes which can be followed ings are added to them. In the one group the personal only by case-suffixes--the bases of the participles and endings are attached directly to the base which ends in of the infinitive), and of verbal bases from nominal a vowel. This group is designated "vocal bases." bases (i.e., of the bases of denominative verbs). In the second there may intervene a vowel between Simple bases comprise verb roots to which the the base, which ends in a consonant, and the personal endings. This group is designated "consonantal personal endings are attached directly, with or without bases." 69 This rule is generally followed, though the intervention of a vowel. Complex bases comprise roots which undergo sufsome vocal bases add a vowel before the terminations, fixation (with or without alternation) before the perwhile others (e.g., de- 'give' and le- 'take') behave, sonal endings are attached and roots which undergo sometimes, as vocal and, sometimes as consonantal bases. Examples follow: alternation without suffixation (other than the vowel which is attached to consonantal bases). The first is Vocal: exemplified by the bases of the precative, the future, the passive, the causative, and the denominative; the gaim (89) 'sing' second by the base of one type of the causative. jaim (310) 'go' janum (200) 'know' joi (33) 'see Verbal Terminations thaim (310) 'become The personal endings 64 are: nipaum (214) 'prepare roi (165) 'weep' Singular lai (B 116) 'take 1st person. um) houm (274) 'become 2nd person. i, e, a, * 3rd person. i, e, a Consonantal: karaum (11) 'do' Plural kahaum (284) 'say' 1st person. (No occurrences.) janaum (223) 'know' 2nd person. u, ha jhurai (H 129) 'grieve' 3rd person. i(m), mli, mtaim 65 talai (303) 'depart' dhalai (167) 'drop down The irregular marking of vowel length and the loose use of the anusvara cause confusion between forms69 The forms, which, when translated into English are put into especially between the singular and the plural of the the "passive" voice and are here termed "passive," are dis- third person suffixes. Of the second person suffixes all tinguished by base-forming suffixes (see under Complex Bases). the singular forms and the -ha of the plural occur in Compare Whitney, 1896: $8 531, 540, 768, and 998. the manuscripts only with the imperative. The (*) 60 Also termed "optative" or "respectful imperative." See Tessitori, 1914-1916: $120, for terminology. indicates an imperative formed without a person& The term "base" is applied to what remains of a verbal form number marking suffix. The * and the -a, therefore, after the suffixes marking person and number have been dropped. mark such imperatives of vocal and consonantal bases, It includes, therefore, "roots." respectively. See Tessitori, 1914-1916: $116, for terminology; and, for a The personal endings are attached to all the bases of similar treatment of nominal bases, $855 ff., and fn. 44 under Declension of the present study. the tense-systems, i.e., the present and the future. & Cf. roi and roai (165) 'weep'; joi (33) and joai (119) 'see'; gaim and gaaim (89) 'sing'; di (H 126) and dai (B 79) 'give Writing variants are given among the examples and are (imperative), dei (286) 'having given' (conjunctive participle), enclosed in brackets. dai (BP 185) "gives' (pres. indic., 3rd sg.), diyai (98) 'is given 65-mti is the third person pl. Skt. ending. mtaim is a com(passive), dijai (29) 'is given' (passive); and lai (B 116) 'takes' bination of -- (from-mi) and the Old Gujarati third person (pres. indic., 3rd sg.), lei (B 22) 'having taken' (conjunctive par plural termination. These occur only with present indicative ticiple), and lii (208) 'take' (imperative). bases. Cf. Tessitori, 1914-1916: $177.

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295 'meet "take' 'read' 'hear' 'grieve'] 'gleam'] exult') 'say' 'give' "take' 'laugh 'give'] 'take off' "release 'grieve 'read' VOL. 40, PT. 4, 1950) GRAMMAR: MORPHOLOGY Simple Bases milai (174) lai (B 116) 1. Present Indicative. vacai (H 167) Singular sunai (5) Ljhurai (225) First person. (jhalahalaim (60) Vocal: [macaim (291) houm (274) 'become kahii (B 308) [nipaum (214) 'prepare'] dii (172) lii (116) Consonantal: hasii (H 221) achaum (168) 'am' [diya (B 101) karaum (11) 'do' utarae (131) kahaum (284) 'say' chutae (129) chaum (232) 'am' jhurae (129) janaum (223) 'know vacae (167) dharaum (282) 'hold' maraum (116) 'die' Plural manaum (274) 'confess' Second person. lagaum (289) 'touch' haraum (247) 'remove Consonantal: (chau (273) 'am') anau (273) Third person. chau (268) bolau (268) Vocal: pharasau (280) jai (303) 'go' bhogavau (110) joi (33) 'see' manau (293) thai (168) 'be [chu (H 268) roi (165) 'cry' [bolu (H 268) hui (303) 'become hui (144) 'become Third person. hoi (17) 'become [jaya (B 303) go'] Vocal: [hoya (B 17) 'become'] gaim (89) jaim (310) Consonantal: thaim (310) achai (277) 'be' (jaya (B 310) avai (7) 'approach [thaya (B 310) utarai (93) 'scatter karai (306) 'make Consonantal: kahai (308) 'say' karaim (301) calai (102) 'drive' gahagahaim (94) jampai (235) 'speak jhalahalaim (167) jhurai (H 129) 'pine away' jhujhaim (114) desai (198) 'see dhalaim (92) janai (238) 'know pabhanaim (194) talai (303) 'disappear palaim (21) dhalai (167) 'drop down mahamahaim (58) tedavai (50) 'invite milaim (94) dai (BP 185) 'give' [namai (179) dharai (123) 'hold' [pujai (20) pathavai (100) 'dismiss' [purai (107) pabhanai (294) 'say' [phalai (303) palai (109) "protect' karaimti (H 216) pujai (14) 'worship karamti (60) bolai (137) 'say' dhalamti (60) bhanai (139) 'say' lusamti (309) manai (272) *confess' gajamtaim (300) 'bring' 'be' 'speak' 'touch' 'enjoy! 'believe 'be'] 'say'] 'sing' 'go' 'be' 'go'] 'be'] 'do' 'be excited' 'glisten' 'fight' 'wave' say' 'maintain' 'exude fragrance' 'meet' 'worship'] 'worship'] 'fill'] 'bear fruit'] 'do? 'do' 'wave' 'destroy 'roar

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'go' 296 BENDER: THE NALARAYADAVADANTICARITA (TRANS. AMER. PHIL. SOC. 2. Imperative. (nisunu (BH 67) *listen'] Singular (sacavu (H 275) 'serve'] sunaha 6 (30) 'hear' Second person. Vocal: Complex Bases jai (274) 1. Bases of the Precative. joi (16) 'see' The marker of the Precative is -16)- to which the jae (168) 'go' personal endings are added. The precative marker is (jaya (B 274) 'go'] added directly to verbal bases. Consonantal bases (joya (B 16) 'see'] take -- or -;- before the precative marker. For the -- ja (79) 'go' of the third person singular see Pischel, $ 466; for the u, tha (82) "be 8 469. The a and the u may not have been proConsonantal: 66 nounced. (See Phonology.) The Precative occurs adari (308) 'undertake' only three times (with variations) in the manuscripts. ani (294) 'bring' Singular. kari (196) 'do' chamdi (133) "leave Second person. jani (262) 'know' Consonantal: di (H 126) give' khameje (P 294) 'forgive dhari (194) 'hold' khamije (294) 'forgive nisuni (279) "listen' samaje (B 294) 'forgive' mari (232) 'die' mumki (308) 'abandon Third person. rasi (199) 'save' Vocal: ruci (126) 'like' kahija (P 244) 'say' lavi (138) provide huja (P 244) 'become vari (68) 'choose kahijja (244) 'say' suni (79) 'hear' hujja (244) 'become' hari (124) 'lose kahiju (S 244) 'say' [kari (280) huju (S 244) 'become [mumki (79) "leave'] [mokali (223) 'send'] 2. Bases of the Future. dai (B 79) 'give The markers of the Future are ---, --, -si- and -st-. varasai (B 126) 'shower These may be attached to vocal bases without the (varisaya (S 126) 'shower'] intervention of a vowel (i.e., 1, e, or a). The condii (79) 'give' sonantal bases of the Future (i.e., those ending in s lii (208) 'take or s) are, in the majority of occurrences, followed chamde (101) 'abandon directly by the personal endings. With the s- and mumke (B 79) *leave the si-bases compare the Modern Gujarati future in s. vara 67 (74) 'choose Singular. Plural First person. Second person. Vocal: Consonantal: hoisu (165) become' adarau (321) 'undertake Consonantal: kahau (9) 'say' dharau (289) 'hold' desu (212) 'give' nisunau (2) 'listen bhanesu (1) 'proclaim sacavau (275) 'serve Second person. sunau (23) listen Vocal: hakarau (242) 'invite [karu (BH 275) 'do'] jaisi (285) (diu (278) thasi (79) 'be' give'] thaisi (B 79) 'be' 6 Consonantal bases usually do not take a vowel before the [jayasi (B 285) 'go'] verbal termination. 67 It is possible that the final -c was not pronounced in the 68 Cf. Apbh. -ahu, and Tessitori, 1914-1916: $ 119. spoken language. (See Phonology.) 69 e seems to be a writing for [\]. do'] 'go'

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VOL. 40, PT. 4, 1950 GRAMMAR: MORPHOLOGY 297 Consonantal: consonantal base here. The future passive base is karisi (288) 'do' formed by attaching -- (or -si- to the passive base in karasi (B 288) 'do -2-. Passive bases occur with the third person singular chamdasi (B 101) 'abandon and plural suffixes only. Third person. Singular. (-isi-) Third person. Vocal: jaisii (203) 'go' utariim (91) 'scatter') hoisii (S 194). 'become ubhiim (26) 'erect') Consonantal: karavii (26) 'cause to be done avisii (196) 'come dasii (202) 'bite' calisti (H 251) 'behave dii (BH 98) 'give' bhogavisii (142) enjoy' parinii (286) 'marry' milisii (263) 'meet' bhogavii (302) 'enjoy [halavisiim (142) 'move'] mamdavii (89) 'cause to be begun' (-isi-) melavii (96) "join' vad havii (H 95) 'welcome Consonantal: (samtosiim (88) delight'] bhogavisii (H 142) "enjoy [suniim (7) 'hear') (-is-) (-iy-) Vocal: diyai (98) 'give' jaisai (B 203) 'go' bhogaviyai (P 302) enjoy hoisi (P 158) 'become (hoyasai (B 158) 'become'] dijai (29) 'give' pahucijai (249) 'arrive' Consonantal: bhanijai (29) "repeat' rakhisi (138) 'keep' (-as-) Plural. Consonantal: (navaravii (B 91) 'bathe'] (avasaim (B 196) 'come'] nhavaviim (91) 'bathe (-esi-) posiim (88) 'feed' Consonantal: sinagariim (91) 'adorn' calesii (251) [posiya (B 88) 'feed] (-si-) (-ij-) Vocal: dijaim (87) husii (H 162) 'become 4. Bases of the Causative. husii (162) 'become Bases of the Causative are formed by: (1) variation hosii (320) 'become of the vowel of the simple base; (II and VI) suffixation, (-:-) with or without variation of the vowel of the simple Vocal: base; and (III-V) suffixation. hasai (B 162) 'become I. (a) a replaced by : 70 hasai (221) *laugh' utari (52) 'cause to alight' (conj. pt.) hosi (207) 'become kariu (269) 'cause to be done' (pst. pt.) Plural. (b) i replaced by a: 71 paai (PS 152) 'give to drink' (pres. indic.) Second person. paim (152) 'give to drink' (pres. indic.) (-si-) II. -Uv-72 A long vowel of the simple base may Vocal: be shortened. jasiu (9) 'go' karavai (296) 'cause to be done' (pres. indic.) 70 Cf. MG ularul descend' and utarvu 'set down.' 3. Bases of the Passive. 71 See Tessitori, 1914-1916: $141.4 and cf. MG piva 'drink' The markers of the Passive are -i(y)- and -ij- and pavu 'give to drink.' There are no examples of the occurrences of these with 72 Cf. MG karvit 'do' and karavvu 'cause to be done' cadvil vocal bases. The base of de- 'give,' upon which the 'ascend' and cadavull cause to rise'; calvu 'proceed' and calavat 'set in motion': bha mi 'speak, recite and bhandul 'make learn or Passive is formed, is d-, and is, therefore, considered a study'; mamdva 'begin and mamdavvu 'cause to begin.' 'act 'give

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298 BENDER: THE NALARAYADAVADANTICARITA cadavi (34) 'cause to mount' (conj. pt.) calavi (138) 'cause to move' (conj. pt.) bhanavai (322) 'cause to tell' (pres. indic.) mamdavai (43) 'cause to be begun' (pres. indic.) melavii (96) 'cause to join' (pres. indic., pass.) III. -ap-." 73 uthapai (140) 'lift up' (pres. indic.) thapai (140) 'set up' (pres. indic.) IV. -ad-.74 desadium (260) 'point out' (pst. pt.) pamadaum (253) 'cause to reach' (pres, indic.) valagadi (201) 'cause to attach' (conj. pt.) V. -ar-.75 paisarai (105) 'cause to enter' (pres. indic.) baisarai (54) 'cause to sit' (pres. indic.) VI. arav-.76 The root-vowel may be replaced. divaravaum (25) 'cause to be given' (pres. indic.) II. devaravau (B 25) 'cause to be given' (pres. indic.) 5. Bases of the Denominative. Verbal bases are formed from nominal bases in two ways. In the first -v- is added to the nominal base. In the second the verbal terminations are attached directly to the nominal base which is here marked by (*). There are no examples in the manuscripts of the second type base with verbal terminations, the two occurrences being with nominal terminations (see following section on the formation of nominal bases from verbal bases). I. -v-.77 dhiravi (97) 'make firm' (conj. pt.) bhogavai (317) 'enjoy' (pres. indic.) 78 jitavau (287) 'be won' (gerundive) jiti (136) 'be won' (conj. pt.) Formation of Nominal Bases from Verbal Bases In this section is discussed the formation of the bases of the present participle, the past participle, the conjunctive participle, the gerundive and the infinitive. They are designated nominal (or nominalized) bases because they take nominal case-suffixes rather than verbal terminations. 73 Cf. Skt. utthapayati 'cause to stand up, raise' and MG utthapvu, uthapvu 'set aside,' thapoi 'set up.' 74 Cf. MG dekhvi 'see' and dekhadvu 'point out'; pamvu 'get, obtain' and pamadvu 'cause to get', valagvu 'adhere' and valgadvu 'cause to adhere.' 7 Cf. MG pesvi 'enter, penetrate' and pesarvu 'cause to penetrate'; and besvu 'sit' and besarvu 'cause to sit.' 76 Cf. II and V, and Tessitori, 1914-1916: SS 141.4. Cf., also MG devi 'give' and devaravvu, devadavvi 'cause to give.' 17 Cf. Skt. bhoga (msc.) 'pleasure', and dhira (f) 'steadiness' and dhira (adj.) 'firm." 78 Cf. Mg jitvu 'win, conquer.' 1. Bases of the Present Participle. The sign of the present participle is -(n). It is attached to the verbal base with or without the intervention of a vowel (a or i). In vocal bases the -(n)is attached directly without the intervention of a vowel. I. -t-.79 chatam (78) jatau (10) joti (169) deta (109) roti (195) leta (149) suti (230) hutum (141) II. -nt-. hamti (103) humta (160) III. -at-. avatau (5) karatau (117) calati (172) jivati (196) joati (167) jhurati (164) dharati (167) phiratau (189) bolatu (200) bhavati (270) bhogamatan (307) mumkatau (201) valatau (80) sunatam (2) IV. -it-. rahitam (173) V. -ant-. alokamti (76) karamtaim (206) gahagahamta (53) [TRANS. AMER. PHIL. SOC. janamti (67) jhalahalamta (47) namamti (260) pasaramta (198) pujamtai (184) bhamamti (183) lahalahamta (49) vikasamta (54) sunamta (144) svadamti (160) hasamta (145) 'being' 'going' 'seeing' 'giving' 'crying' 'taking' 'sleeping" 'becoming" 'destroying' 'becoming' 'arriving' 'doing' 'going on' 'living' 'seeing' 'grieving' "holding' 'going around' 'speaking' 'pleasing 'enjoying' 'leaving' 'turning' 'hearing' 'staying' 'beholding" 'doing' 'trembling with excitement' 'knowing' 'gleaming' 'honoring" 'spreading" 'worshipping" 'wandering about' 'flourishing' 'gleaming" 'hearing' 'tasting' 'laughing' 2. Bases of the Past Participle. There are three types of past participial base formation. In the first (y)-80 and -y- are added to the 79 See under Declension where forms have been listed according to their case-suffixes. so The y-y- past participial suffix is dropped before the -i of the nominative singular, feminine, suffix.

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VOL. 40, PT. 4, 1950) GRAMMAR: MORPHOLOGY *299 verbal base; in the second the nominal terminations thapaya (313) 'set up' are added directly to the verbal base (such bases are nisariya (83) 'went out' marked with (*)); in the third there is a change in the harisiya (86) delighted form of the verbal base with, sometimes, only the (e) -- initial vowel and consonant or the initial consonant or anya (266) 'brought consonant cluster being retained. The last type falls avya (267) 'arrived' into two groups: the first comprises bases to the initial ulasya (BPS 293) recognized consonant or consonant cluster of which is added calya (154) 'went on -16)- (compare the first type above); the second com tedavya (297) 'invited' prises bases formed by adding to the initial consonant dhayu (146) 'rushed or consonant cluster of the verbal bases certain se pathavya (189) 'sent out' quences of phonemes, to which, in turn, are attached pralibodhya (177) 'enlightened the nominal case-suffixes. 81 harisya (197) delighted 1. First type. huya (P 22) 'became' (a) -i-. II. Second type. aniu (285) 'brought karaviu (282) 'caused to be done' lagau (256) "began kahium (141) said' huu (317) "became gahagahiu (259) 'trembled with III. Third type. excitement (a) 1. -;-.82 ghaliu (84) 'threw' thiu (265) 'was' cadiu (311) 'mounted' deu (210) 'gave' caliu (136) 'went on [kaya (53) 'made'] janaviu (112) 'made known' (gayu (219) 'went'] janium (268) 'knew' (gyu (210) 'went'] jagiu (75) 'awakened' 2. -7-. jamiu (270) 'ate' kiu (207) 'made' tediu (275) 'invited' (3. -iy-] dharium (188) 'held" kiyu (PS 202) "made' nisariu (145) 'went out' (b) Change in the verbal base. padiu (261) 'fell off' upanau (18) 'reborn parivariu (113) 'surrounded kiddha (258) 'made' puchium (209) asked' kidhau (100) 'made bhariu (290) 'filled tuthau (172) delighted' bhogavium (H 307) 'enjoyed' trathau (32) 'frightened mandiu (232) 'arranged' datta (290) 'given' (b) -- dinna (236) 'given anamdiu (77) 'delighted didha (216) 'given aviu (B 95) 'arrived' dithau (273) cadiu (140) 'mounted' paitha (146) 'entered gazu (BH 99) 'sang' patta (312) 'attained' namiu (84) 'honored pahutto (19) 'arrived' parivariu (299) 'surrounded baithau (213) 'sat down bhariu (80) 'filled laddha (298) 'took' bhogaviu (319) 'enjoyed lidhaum (316) 'took' mamdium (228) 'arranged' 3. Bases of the Conjunctive Participle. [(c) -iy-.] The bases of the conjunctive participle are of two (aviyu (H 95) 'arrived'] types: (1) -v- is added to the verbal base, with or with(parivariyu (P 113) 'surrounded'] out the intervention of a vowel (-a- or -e-), to which [(d) -iy-] avatariya (35) 'descended the case suffix is added; (II) the case suffix is added aviyu (95) 'arrived' directly to the verbal base (such bases are marked by (*)). There is only one case suffix for the conjunctive udhariya (35) fraised up' participle--7(ya).83 cadiyau (H 255) "mounted' caliyam (149) 'went on 82 Cf. the first type of past participial suffixes. dasiyu (SP 201) 'bit' 83 The -1 is a case suffix. See Tessitori, 1914-1916: $132.12, where he traces it to an original locative suffix (-10). Dave, 1935: 81 Several verbs form past participial bases in both ways-in 48-49, lists forms ending in -i as infinitives. A check of these particular, d-'give,' 1- 'take,' and kar. 'do.' forms in his text revealed that not one of the examples he lists 'seen'

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300 BENDER: THE NALARAYADAVADANTICARITA (TRANS. AMER. PHIL. SOC. 1. (a) -v-,54 POSTPOSITIONS anavi (186) 'caused to bring' cadavi (34) 'caused to mount' A postposition is a nominal base (or nominalized (cadaviya (15) 'caused to verbal base) with an oblique case-suffix. It is placed mount'] 85 after a nominal form to indicate the syntactic relation(b) -av ship of that nominal form to other words. In the gopavi (293) 'concealed' transliteration a postposition is marked by a hyphen (c)-ev (-) joining it to the nominal form which bears an cadevi 56 (256) 'mounted' oblique case-suffix (accusative or genitive). II. * Postpositions fall into two groups: (1) those which ani (195) 'brought behave like adjectives (i.e., agree in gender, number saniya (43) 'brought') and case with the words they modify), and (2) those ulasi (191) 'recognized which are stereotyped nominal forms-i.e., whose casekari (291) 'did' suffix remains unchanged." gahagahi (258) 'excited' cadi (164) 'climbed 1. kerau 91 (9) 'of' jani (186) 'learned ci 32 (151) 'of joi (225) "saw' tanau (276) 'of' sarisau (5) 'with 4. Base of the Gerundive. 2. kanhali (168) 'near' The base of the gerundive is formed by adding -Y caki (35) 'from to the verbal base, with or without the intervention of tau 93 (261) 'from a vowel (-a-), depending upon whether the base is thaki 94 (H 35) 'from vocal or consonantal. mimitta (299) 'for pasalii (97) 'all around anavau (242) 'cause to bring' pasi (20) 'near' joavau (223) 'find out pahi (HS 233) 'near' -au pahiim (233) 'near jitavau (287) 'be won' prati (67) 'to' 5. Base of the Infinitive.87 pramani (205) 'according to The base of the infinitive is formed by the addition bahi (187) 'outside of -v-, with or without the intervention of a vowel bahari (83) 'outside (i, e, or a), to the verbal base. bahiri (145) 'outside bhani 5 (10) 'to' mahi (171) 'in' jaiva 88 (157) 'go' 'for resiim (22) pakhaliva (162) 'wash' lagai (37) 'for lusiva (146) 'rob' lei (51) 'with sediva (256) 'drive' sau 96 (288) 'concerning -eu samahatti (197) 'directed to jaevaum 89 (253) sahita 97 (130) with' parineva (248) 'marry' sathi (138) 'with' luseva (B 146) 'rob' sathiim (253) 'with vamdeva (311) 'worship sahi (140) 'with' -av sium (113) 'with' khedava (B 256) 'drive' hathi (H 138) 'with hethali 9 (168) "under' thava (278) 'be' hethi (185) "under' was an infinitive, but, on the other hand, each was found to be a conjunctive participle used with an auxiliary verb. Cf. Tessitori, 90 The case-suffix is the accusative, the instrumental, or the 1914-1916: $132; Taylor, 1944: $8124-126, for usage in Modern locative, singular. Gujarati; and Kellogg, 1938: $$ 425-434. 91 Cf. Tessitori, 1914-1916: $ 73.2. *4 Cf. Tessitori, 1914-1916: $ 131.1. 92 See ibid., 873.3, where he places the use of this in the tract 85 See Phonology for the writing of -iya for (i). near the Old Marathi area. * See Phonology for discussion of variations between - and -1. 93 See ibid., $72.2. 87 See Tessitori, 1914-1916: $ 134. 94 See ibid., $72.4. 88 The case-suffix, -a, is the genitive singular, neuter, of the -au 95 See ibid., 71.4. declension. 96 See ibid., $ 70.5. 89 The -aum is the nominative singular, neuter, of the au 97 See ibid., $75. declension 98 See ibid., $ 101, and Pischel, op. cit., 8 107. 'go'

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VOL. 40, PT. 4, 1950) GRAMMAR: MORPHOLOGY 301 Two forms, vina (vinu) and jima (jema), function (pronominal forms) both as postpositions and as prepositions. (E.g., in kahai (237) 'anywhere stanzas 65 and 268 vina occurs after the nominal form kahim (BH 226) 'anywhere and in stanza 216 before.) Compare the usage of kehai (P 237) 'anywhere these in Modern Gujarati. kihim (226) 'where jattha (168) "where ADVERBS jihim (46) 'where tattha (168) 'there' Adverbs fall into two groups: (1) those which are tini (H 185) 'then' sterotyped nominal and pronominal forms, having tihim (23) 'there' suffixes of the nominative-accusative, the instrumen tinaim (147) 'thereupon tal, or the locative singular, and (2) those which cannot tini (43) 'then'. be identified as case-forms of the language at this tenai (B 203) at that time stage. Many members of the second group have been teni (B 185) 'at that time derived from adverbial forms of a previous stage of tehai (243) 'therefore the language. There are two instances of conjunc havai (B 23) 'now' tive participles employed as adverbs. havii (B 53) 'now' 1. Case-forms. aham (242) 'here Nominative-accusative: (conjunctive participles) ghanaum (239) 'much' vali (304) again pahilaum (267) 'first vali (301) 'again bahulau (B 16) 'great samsahi (272) 'patiently Instrumental: Ablative: (pronominal forms) 100 krami (95) 'gradually' kam (BH 165) 'why' niscaim (64) 'surely kiham (289) 'whither nisciim (138) 'surely' tiham (197) 'there' nyaim (109) properly' havada (B 206) 'now' parani (138) 'forcibly' hivadam (206) 'now' pachai (82) 'afterwards' 2. Other forms. sathai (B 310) 'together' sathiim (310) 'together aji (287) 'today' guhira (87) "loudly' aju (S 280) 'today' turita (266) swiftly' ajja (BP 280) 'today' thova (320) 'gradually' atihim (203) 'greatly purva (261) 'formerly' na (29) 'not navi (112) 'not' Locative: nahim (232) 'not' upari (47) ma (148) 'not' kali (H 249) 'tomorrow' ama (282) 'thus kalhi (249) 'tomorrow' ima (311) 'thus kedai (B 165) 'behind ema (313) 'thus' gelaim (B 97) 'afterwards' kada (B 172) ever' geliim (97) 'afterwards kadi (172) 'ever' pachai (267) afterwards kima (282) 'how' pachile (147) afterwards' kima-i (250) 'somehow pachali (P 147) afterwards' java (148) 'when' pasaim (159) 'nearby' jama (146) 'when' pasi (156) 'nearby java (127) 'when' pase (60) 'nearby jima (276) "like puthi (147) 'back' jema (149) 'like' puthii (B 147) 'back' tava (279) 'then' bahiri (284) 'outside tama (261) 'then' mahi (47) 'in' tava (5) 'then' cira (319) 'long time tima (228) 'so' cheka (115) 'finally' hima (H 167) 'now' " See Glossary for etymologies. 100 See Tessitori, 1914-1916: $ 111, and Taylor, 1944: $158. 'on'

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ir 302 BENDER: THE NALARAYADAVADANTICARITA (TRANS. AMER. PHIL. SOC. hiva (232) 'now' 3. NOTES ON SYNTAX 102 heva (308) 'now' Sentences are of two types-full and minor. Minor sentences consist of interjections or nominal CONJUNCTIONS forms bearing vocative suffixes. Conjunctions are listed alphabetically without being Full sentences fall into two groups-equational and grouped as to meaning. narrative sentences. Equational sentences are bipartite, each part being anai (between stanzas 147 and 148) a nominal form, without a copula between them. ahe (26) 'then' Narrative sentences are of actor-action construction, kai (63) 'either, or the actor represented by nominal forms, and the action jai (288) by verbal forms. A sub-class includes sentences in ju (H 214) which the verbal element is replaced by one of the je 101 (208) 'if' verbs, ch- 'be,' thu- 'become,' ho- 'become,' and a jo (166) 'if nominal form as predicate complement. je (287) 'that' More complex sentences are evolved from these two tau (286) 'then' types by the replacement and expansion of the basic tu (288) 'then' elements. In the narrative sentence the subject (the to (293) 'then' nominal form representing the actor) can be expanded naim (200) and' pana (B 268) 'but, however by the addition of words in apposition to it, of modipani (6) 'but, however fying words, of postpositional phrases, and dependent puna (168) 'but, however clauses. The modifying words may be nominal forms vali (159) 'moreover' with genitive suffixes, adjectives or participles; the clauses are introduced by relative pronouns and adjecEMPHATICS tives. The predicate (the verbal form indicating the action and its object or objects) can, similarly, be Emphatics are appended both to nominal and verbal expanded by the addition of adverbs and adverbial forms. They are indicated in the transliteration by a phrases (including postpositional phrases and dependhyphen (-), placed before them. ent clauses introduced by adverbs). The object of the verb can be expanded in the same way as the 1 (213) subject. u (12) The normal order of the elements in a narrative i (112) sentence is the subject and its attributes followed by e (132) the verb and its attributes. Attributive words and ja (274) phrases usually precede the words they modify. This ji (319) includes relative clauses which are placed before the na (309) clause to which they relate. The verb occurs in final nai (B 79) position. Emphatics follow the word or phrase they naim (B 309 modify and are attached to nominal as well as verbal forms. Variations are made in the normal order of the INTERJECTIONS elements to indicate emphasis. Two of the following (i.e., bupa and sakhi, sasi) can The remarks made above refer to prose style. be recognized as stereotyped vocatives. Since the language of the manuscripts is that of poetry, the demands of meter and rhyme necessitate variations kiri (64) 'indeed in the order other than those made for emphasis. bapu (5 293) 'my good sir! Attributives may follow words they modify, with bapa (293) 'my good sir! other words intervening. The verbal form and its re (79) 'hey' attributes often precede the subject. sakhi (55) 'friend' The bars marking the half- and the full-stanzas do sasi (B 55) 'friend' not necessarily indicate the ends of phrases or sensahiya (164) 'surely' tences, though they very often occur at such points. haha (287) 'alas! In several instances the bars separate the members of ha (166) 'ho!' a nominal compound, as well as those of a postposihe (168) "hey!' tional phrase. heva (125) 'indeed'. 102 See Harris, Methods of descriptive linguistics (manuscript); 101 Cf. jai, above. Bloomfield, 1933: 170-177; Kellogg, 1938: 38 850-929.

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VOL. 40, PT. 4, 1950] GRAMMAR: NOTES ON SYNTAX 1. Expansions of Basic Elements 1. Subject. The subject of a sentence is a nominal form (noun, pronoun, or infinitive) with nominative case-suffixes. padahau 103 vajai kima vina damda (112) 'how can a drum make sound without [being beaten by] a stick?' tujha piya nisadha hum (204) 'I am your father, Nisadha' mujha pani jaevaum hoi tasa-sathiim (253) 'I must go, then, with him' (lit., 'to me, then, going with him is') Attributes of the subject can be adjectives, participles and postpositional phrases, agreeing with it in gender, number and case, nominal forms with genitive suffixes, or clauses, 104 nisadha-tanu namdana jethau... (73) 'this is the elder son of [King] Nisadha' ...savi bhupala gahagahamta... avaim mamdapa-mahi... (53) all the delighted monarchs entered the pavilion' lahalahamta dhaja ravi aphalaim (49) 'the fluttering banner flapped in the sunlight' sura tuthau dii vara tava bhimi (172) 'the delighted god then gave Davadanti a boon' ulara pura-bahiri ghana bhimi karavya rayaham-tana (44) 'many camps were caused to be erected outside the city for (lit., of) the kings by Bhima' sakala desa-na avaim raya (50) 'the kings of all the countries came' tau sayali jagi tumha kitti palamba (111) 'then, your (lit., of you) fame would extend throughout the whole world' Words and clauses 105 can occur in apposition with the subject, the words being the same as those which occur in the function of subject (i.e., nouns, pronouns, adjectives and infinitives). These, which bear nominative suffixes, can, in turn, be expanded by the addi tion of attributives. raja karaim tihim bhimaratha raurauta sima (31) 'in that place ruled Bhimaratha, the acme of kings' 103 The pertinent sections of the examples are underlined to facilitate recognition. 104 For examples of these see under III (Examples of Complex Sentences). 105 See fn. 103. 303 ... putti davadamti jovanavai gahagahi... (43) '[my] daughter, Davadanti, has achieved youth' nala puchiu mamtri bhanai... (110) 'questioned by Nala, the minister said... valatau nisadha namdana bolai... (80) 'turning, the son of Nisadha spoke. . . 2. Predicate. The verbal element of the predicate agrees with the subject in person and number. It may be replaced by a "verb-compound" or a "compound-tense." 106 A "verb-compound" consists of two forms functioning as a single verb, the first being a conjunctive participle, the second a verbal form. It can be replaced by one verb, i.e., the first. A limited number of verbs occur as the second member of such compounds. The first member of such verb-clusters always describes the action; the second modifies the first (i.e., emphasizes the action, indicates the action extends over a period of time, etc.). It is very difficult at this stage of the language (and, especially, in poetry where the requirements of meter and rhyme separate the elements of a compound, sometimes causing the conjunctive participle to occur after the verb) to distinguish such clusters from sequences consisting of conjunctive participle and verb in which each describes an action, the conjunctive participle modifying the verb. 107 punyaim bhavathi bhaji jai (303) 'trouble is destroyed through punya' hum chaum tujha-pasi aviu hiva jaum nahim nasi (232) 'I have come back to you now. I will not run away.' A "compound-tense" consists of two verbal forms, each in the present indicative. The second verb is always ch-, 'be.' There are very few occurrences in the manuscripts of such clusters. Other combinations, consisting of participles (present, past or gerundive) and the verb, ch-, rather than under this classification, are listed under the predicate of the sub-class of narrative sentences in which the verb is replaced by ch- and a predicate complement (here, a participial form). Furthermore, examples of participial forms occurring as the second member of a sentence are listed under equational sentences. hum videsi jaum achaum (168) 'I am going [to wander] in foreign lands' ... tumhi bolau chau... (268) 'you say' 106 Cf. Kellogg, 1938: SSSS 425-534; Taylor, 1944: SSSS 124-126; Tessitori, 1914-1916: SS 118; Vale, 1948: and the review of it in Jour. Amer. Orient. Soc. 69, (2): 106-108, 1949. 107 See, following, under conjunctive participial phrases functioning as adverbs.

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304 BENDER: THE NALARAYADAVADANTICARITA (TRANS. AMER. PHIL. SOC. In equational sentences, where the nominal form of putti ma 111 chamde niya priya bhatti (101) the second part is a participle, and in narrative sen daughter, do not neglect proper conduct tences, where the verb is replaced by one of the verbs, and devotion to your husband' ch- 'be,' tha- 'become,' ho- 'become,' and a nominal ta pa-vina siddhi nathai 111 (65) 'without reform as predicate complement, the nominal form ligious austerities there is no perfection' agrees with the subject in gender, number and case. When the nominal form is a past participle formed on baithi vavi varamdi-hethi (185) 'she sat down the base of a transitive verb, the actor is represented under a veranda near a bathing-pool' by a nominal form with instrumental suffix. mujha pani jaevaum hoi tasa-sathiim (253) 'I must go with him then' bhimiim ghari aniu dadhipamna (265) pura-bahiri nisariu hasamta (145) 'cheer'Dadhiparna (was) taken to the palace fully, he went out of the city' by Bhima' tujah-naim pihari rahitam 112 ... milisii davadamti dithi save . . . rae (62) 'Dava bharatara (173) 'while you are living in danti (was) beheld by all the kings' your father's house, you will find your ... tini baduim... nalanataka mamdium husband' (228) 'the tale of Nala (was enacted mujha jivatam 112 pani kavana vira parinai by the Brahman lad' davadamti narihira (252) 'while I am tumhi anau chau (273) (1) 108 have been alive, however, what man will marry brought by you' that jewel of a woman, Davadanti?' ima sura vacana sunia kathora lii davadamti The attributes of the verb are adverbs. These may abhigraha ghora (173) 'upon hearing the be nouns (including interrogative pronouns) with the harsh reply of the god, Davadanti took a suffixes of the oblique cases, adverbial phrases from severe vow' the older language, negative particles, or adverbial desi tava suminaum davadamti avi tata phrases and clauses.109 Adverbial phrases are se kahai ... (260) 'meanwhile, having seen quences consisting of nominal forms with the suffixes of the oblique cases and postpositions, and participial a dream [and] having gone to her father, and gerundial phrases. Davadanti said ...' The object of the verb is a nominal form with acnala nataka te royu ghanaum (239) 'he wept cusative suffix. As of the subject, attributes of the copiously at the nataka of Nala' object are adjectives, participles and postpositional punya papa be sathiim jaim (310) 'merit phrases, agreeing with it in gender, number, and case, and sin both go together (with them nominal forms with genitive suffixes, and clauses. 113 nala baithau pasi (156) 'Nala sat down riddhi-tanau mani guravau ma karau nearby nara nara koi (148) 'let no man be proud kima janai java-e 110 tava pava punyaha (lit., make pride) [because of his wealth' patamara (5) 'how does a being know the palava satharau karai atisukamala (155) 'he difference between sin and virtuous made a bed of very soft twigs' conduct?' davadamti devi-tanau samkhevi hiva avatara kam navi-e 110 udai hamsa (BH 165) 'why save sunaha (30) 'now hear briefly exdoesn't the hansa appear?' pressed everything about the incarnation na Ill ganai rati-disa sanamda (102) 'he did of Queen Davadanti: not reckon night or day in his joy' sura ... desi phuramta bhimi ... (179) eka tuhari ana puna manai nahim 111 "Bhimi having seen the shining gods ...' kadamba (111) 'but Kadamba, alone, Words and clauses can occur in apposition to the pays no heed to your command' object, and these can be expanded by the addition of attributes. 106 The verbal termination (1st person, sing.) indicates the The indirect object can be a phrase consisting of a subject. nominal form (including the pronouns of the first and 10) See fn. 103. 110 Note the tise of the emphatic particle. 112 See Tessitori, 1914-1916: $124. III See Taylor, 1944: $ 113. 118 See fn. 103.

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VOL. 40, PT. 4, 1950) GRAMMAR: NOTES ON SYNTAX 305 second person with oblique case suffix and the post C. Noun, Participle. positions nai(m) and prati. astapada-bhani jatau (10) 'I am] rau bhanai bhimi-naim (268) 'the king said going to Mount Astapada' to Bhimi' prasanna hua rau rani be-u (9) 'both mujha-naim diu davadamti (278) 'give me the king and queen were mollified' Davadanti samgha vichohiu hum tumhi (10) 'I hosii vali nala-naim e raja (143) 'this realm [have been separated from my will again be Nala's' sangha by you pratihari davadamti-prati ima bhanai hua khiradamdira deva (22) '(they] (67) "the female-usher spoke thus became Ksiradandira-gods' to Davadanti' utara pura-bahiri ghana bhimi kararya rayaham-tana (44) 'many camps II. Examples of Sentence Types. [were) caused to be erected outside 1. Minor Sentences. the city for the kings by Bhima' raya (10) o King' e savi avya desa pati tuha vivahajaya jaya (27) 'bravo! bravo!' nimitta (68) 'all these kings (have) re nala (79) 'you, Nala! tata (240) 'father' come to wed you' 2. Full Sentences. hiva savi sajana harasiya (86) 'now a. Equational. all good folk (were delighted' A. Noun, Noun. pura-bahiri nisariu hasamta (145) patarani tasu viramai (4) 'his chief 'cheerfully, [he] left the city' queen' (was] Viramati' nala baithau pasi (156) 'Nala sat a dadhipanna narimdavara sumsa down nearby marapura nahu (69) "this [is] nala nisariu videsi (158) 'Nala started Dadhiparna, a most excellent out for foreign lands' monarch, lord of Sumsamarapura' phiratau aviu acala puri phulabaduya camdaraju ikhagukula bhusana a harimitta (189) 'wandering about, gunavamta (70) this [is] the courtier, Harimitra, arrived at Candraraja, the embellishment of Acalapura' the Iksvaku race, full of virtue' b. Narrative. a ravivamsa vatamsa sama somadeva raja karai tiham ruyadaum mammana balavamta (70) 'this [is] the mighty Somadeva-like an ornament of nama naresu (4) 'a king, Mammana by name, ruled (lit., made rule) well the solar race' there' tujha piya nisadha hum (204) 'I (am] your father Nisadha' bhoga anopama bhogavaim (16) '(they) tasa hum suara (218) 'I am) his enjoyed unparalleled bliss' cook' tasa sinai dhammo (20) '[they) learned hum nala-na gharanau suara (235) the dharma from him 'I [am] Nala's private cook' dijai ghana dana (26) 'many gifts were tini nagari raja ritupamna (185) 'at given that time, Rtuparna (was) king in holaim bamdina biruda (27) 'bards sang the city' poems of praise' B. Noun, Adjective. dini dini vadhai nala kumara (28) nisadha rau bahumani (72) 'King 'Prince Nala throve day by day' Nisadha [is] held in high esteem' raja dii bahu dana (36) 'the king gave nala davadamti be navaramga (106) many gifts' 'Nala and Davadanti [are] both sakala desa-na avaim raya (50) 'the kings fresh' of all the countries came'

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306 BENDER: THE NALARAYADAVADANTICARITA (TRANS, AMER. PHIL. SOC. valatau nisadha namdana bolai vacana te chai kubaja rupi vikarala, pani janai prasamna (80) 'in return, the son of ravipaka rasoi gajasiksam nara isiu na Nisadha spoke these conciliatory koi (238) 'he is hunchbacked in form and words' very ugly, but no other man knows as he bhupati savi seva karaim ... (109) 'all does how to cook a dish in the sun or the kings did service! control an elephant' kubara japai (121) 'Kubara won' kai amari kai kimnari sakhi kai e naga kumari (63) 'she is either a goddess or a A. Narrative Sub-Class (Verbs, ch- 'be,' heavenly musician or, indeed, a Nagatha- 'become,' ho- 'become,' and maiden' nominal form). hum nala-na gharanau suara tinai mujha 1. (Pronoun), Noun. mani neha apara (235) 'I am Nala's cook, dharma kaji huim bahu amtaraya therefore, I love him very much' (10) '[it] is a great obstacle to the performance of my dharma' 2. Subordinate Sentences. tujha bhavathi hosii (205) '[this] Sentences of this type, which are syntactically dewill be your condition pendent upon other forms, may function as nouns, as te nala hoi (240) 'he is Nala adjectives or as adverbs. They occur in apposition to 2. (Pronoun), Adjective. nouns, whether subject or object; they modify nouns, hosi sarupa (207) 'you will both subject and object; and they modify verbs. become your own form a. Nouns. te chai kubaja rupi (238) 'he 1. Object. is hunchbacked in form puchaim kihim jasiu ... (9) 'they 3. Noun, Noun. asked, "where are you going?" raja riddhi sarupa sukha bhoga 2. Apposition to Object. punya phala hoi (17) 'the fruits ma sisamana dii davadamti putti ma of punya are enjoyment of chamde niya priya bhatti (101) royal prosperity, beauty and 'Davadanti's mother gave her this happiness' advice: "daughter, do not neglect 4. Noun, Adjective. proper conduct and devotion to sajja hui davadamti (55) 'Dava your husband" danti was made ready' b. Adjectives. 5. (Pronoun), Past Participle. 1. Introduced by Relative Pronoun. jam dadhipamnaha kariu achai te je tuha mana mohai, vara te (74) karana tumha kahisi pachai 'whoever pleases you, choose him' (269) lit., 'when [it] has been machara je dharaim phoka, te nara caused to be done by Dadhi nica uluka (81) 'the man who parna, then the reason will be suffers vain envy is base and a fool' told' 2. Introduced by Relative Adjective. III. Examples of Complex Sentences. je jivaim nara adhama, te abujha nija 1. Coordinate Sentences. kula lajavaim (157) lit., 'what man lives basely, he is foolish and brings These comprise syntactically independent sentences, shame upon his family' which are linked by conjunctives. tasa mana vamchita desu, jani virii vamchai sahu-i punya phala, punya karai gayavara vasi hoi (212) lit., 'I will pani koi (17) 'everyone desires the fruit give [him his heart's desire, by of punya, but does anyone perform whatever hero this excellent elepunya?" phant is brought under control'

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307 VOL. 40, PT. 4, 1950] GRAMMAR: NOTES ON SYNTAX jeje magai jhujha kadamba, tete ra 1. Coordinate Compounds (copulatives or nala dii avilamba (115) 'whatever dvandvas). raja rani (8) 'king and queen' means of] struggle Kadamba re nara nari (61) 'men and women' quested, that one King Nala nala davadamti (106) 'Nala and Davagranted without hesitation danti amtara tapana rahu jetalaum, chai nala kubara (121) 'Nala and Kubara' nala humdika-naim tetalaum (225) vacana nayana mana bhavi (227) 'speech, as much difference as there is eye, mind, and behavior 2. Determinative Compounds. between the sun and a mustard a. Dependent Compounds (tatpurusas). (seed), so much is there between nayan'anamdo (28) 'joy to the eyes' Nala and Hundika' raj'abhiseka (118) 'consecration of king' c. Adverbs. bhima narimda dhu (59) daughter of jai tum thasi abujha, tau re dii mujha King Bhima' neha salune (76) 'lustrous with love' jhujha (79) 'if you will be a fool, then nisadha namdana (80) 'son of Nisadha' you will have to fight me' b. Descriptive Compounds (karmadharajai tum rakhisi kimhai parani tau tujha yas). hosii nisciim hani (138) 'if you, nalaraja (201) 'King Nala' somehow, keep [her] against her will, pamc'acara (314) 'five established rules then surely, injury will befall you' of conduct' puravabhava (75) 'previous existence jima 2 avaim savi bhupala, tima 2 bhima mah'occhavai (97) 'great festival' karai sambhala (52) 'to as many rakata vastu (174) 'red things' monarchs as came, to so many Bhima 3. Possessive Adjective Compounds rendered hospitality' (bahuvrihis). jima jima avataraim samketa, tima tima karm'adika (241) 'karma, etc. jhurai humdika ceta (228) "as con- Compounds, in turn, occur as members of other stantly as an allusion appeared, so compounds-and so on. constantly did recollection grieve ravivamsa vatamsa sama (70) 'like an ornament Hundika' of the solar race--a tatpurusa, the first jam varasai, tam sacavai e so guru seva - member of which, ravivamsa vatamsa, is a rasa (19) 'as long as it rained, (so long) tatpurusa, which, in turn, has a tatpurusa, he rendered this excellent service to ravivamsa, for its first member. abala sukha hetu (140) 'for the sake of the the guru comfort of the weak woman'-a tatpurusa, punya na hui java padharaum, tava the first member of which, abala sukha, is a sukha navi hoi (148) 'when punya is tatpurusa. amiss, then there is no happiness' devavastu devabhusane (207) 'divine garments and divine ornaments'-a dvandva conIV. Compound-Words.114 sisting of two karmadharayas-devavastu and devabhusane. A compound-word is a cluster of two or more sa nala kubara davadamti (104) 'together with nominal bases the members of which are syntactically Nala, Kubara and Davadanti'-a bahuvrihi, coordinate or dependent, one on the other. The final formed on a karmadharaya, the second vowel of a base usually combines with the initial vowel member of which, nala kubara davadanti, of the following base in the manner as described in the is a dvandva. Phonology. The entire cluster, the last member of which may bear a case-suffix, functions as a single It is sometimes difficult to distinguish between a word-i.e., a noun or an adjective. compound and a sequence of uncompounded words having nominative suffixes serving for the suffixes of 114 See Whitney, 1896: chap. XVIII, and Taylor, 1944: the oblique cases. See stanza 122 for an example $8 166-170. of this.

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III. TEXT* om | arham || dhuriduha? || raga dhanasi || sayala samgha'suha'samti kara | panamiya samti jinesu dana sila tapa bhavana punya prabhava bhanesu || 1 || sunatam supurisa vara cariyal | vadhai punya pavittu!! davadamti'nalaraya-naum | nisunaul caru carittu! || 2 || jambudiva-majharil5 vara bharahakhitta supasiddha tiham samgara namiim nagara dhana18.kana'rayana'samiddha || 3 || raja karai' tiham ruyadaum20 | mammana nama naresu patarani" tasu" viramai sugunasurupa suvesa|| 4 || Il hiva? vastu | suguru vani 2 sunai navi java28 kima janai jiva-e tava" pava punyaha80 patamtara inil karani paradhiim | mana-vinodi bahu saris parigara rani sarisau36 nagara-bahi nisarius naranaha nirasais agali avatau munivara sila sanahao 11 5 || || hiva"l caupai je samja 2.guni sudha sahu 43 tihim dithaim hui" mamgala.lahu47 bholapanaim pani tini" naranahiste munisi maniu asukana-mahi || 6 || punyasiloka nala-ha56 vikhyata | mahasati bhimi avadata jima 259 Sravane suniim chekatima 262 avai63 dharma viveka | 7 || || drupada 64 || satha vichohi6 ghatika bara samtapaim te sahu apara raja'rani karatam7 kelirisi6 jhilai pani samarasa meli69 || 8 || puo70 soma vadana risi" desi te-u2 | prasanna hua rau ranibe-u puchaimme kihim" jasiu kiham" rahau" kavana dharma tumhal-kerau kahau || 9 ll puo83 risi bhasai astapada-bhani jatau84a jatra jinesara8-tani samgha vichohiu$ hum tumhi89 raya dharmakajio huimol bahu amtaraya 2 || 10 || puo93 aniyata vasa amharau" sahi dharma" karaum"amhi-je jinas kahi99 tini100 avasari jina101.dharma vicara kahai102 munisvara karuna 103.sara || 11 || puo104 pratibodhya 105 rau'rani be- u risi 106. pagi107 lagios samavaim109 te-u110 nija gharilll amnilla suddhahara113 pratilabhiu muni bhagati vicari114 || 12 | dharma sisa behu-naim 15 kahimuni puhatau 16 astapadi 117 vahi118 rau'ranikls palaiml20 ajama!21 samakita mula susavaim122 dhamma123 || 13 | samnidhi sasanadevil25-tanaim 25a | astapadi anamdiim126 ghanaim 27 jai rani pujai jagadisa bharaha jaraviyal2 jina 29 cauvisa || 14 || ratana' jadita cauvisa suvanna130 tilaka cadaviya jina -naim183 dhanna 34 tiratha seva tapa bahu 135 kala karils6 pahuti137 ghari sa bala || 15 || || hiva138 vastu 139 | raya140-rani 2141 madhura parinama142 samjama143.dhara munivara'vacani nivida144. mula michattal45 taliya dharma 46.ramga bahula147 dhariya | raja'riddhi148 cira kala paliya amtal49.samai subhadhyana bali 150 puhuta151 be suraloi169 bhoga anopama bhogavaim153 le punyaha154 phala joi156 || 16 | || rasa 156 dhala157 || dhuriduhau 158 || raja'riddhi'sarupa 159.sukha160. bhoga punya 161.phala hoi 162 vamchai sahu-1163 punya 164.phala | punyal65 karai6 pani koi187 || 17 || ahe jambudiva 16. vara bharaha | khitta169.mamdana poanapuri170 upanau 171 mammanaha172 jiva17 | Thiraha mamdari174 dhana namiim puna" tasu 177 kalatta 178 dhusari179 pasiddha 180 rani viramatiya jiva sobhaga 18.samiddhalsa || 18 || dhana carai mahisi aneka eka 165 divasi 84 pahutto185 ghani186 varisamtai187 vedi-mahi188 siri tadiya chatto 189 desiya kasagi rahiu sahu191 | siri chatta" dharai193 tasa194 jam varasai tam sacavai195-e so guru'seva'rasa196 || 19197 || pariya kasaga198 sahu nagarianiya1% niya mamdiri200 * Notes to this section are on pp. 321-329. 308

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309 VOL. 40, PT. 4, 1950) TEXT viharavai201 tasa202 sudha203 dudha204 sakalatta 206 bhagati.bhari206 rasiya207 muni caumasi-pasi tasa 206 sisai209 dhamma210 pujai jinavara211.deva karaim22 sahalo niya?? jammo214 || 20 || || hiva215 duhau216 | jiva'daya palaim217 khari28 | sunaim18 suguru220. vakkhana posaha padima sacavai221 te nanai222 abhimana223 || 21 | savayao24.dhamma225 suramma ema seviya226 cira227 kalo le1228 caritta 229 satta230 varasa paliya suvisalo231 hemavae282 upana233 jugali234 parinama236 visesiim236 hua27 khiradamdira deva pamcama bhava-resiim238 || 22 || chathau29 bhava hiva 240 sunau sara sobhaga manohara241 nayari2 namiim243 kosala244 | amaravai jittara25 raja246 karai tihim247 risahadeva248. kula249. kamala divayara nisadha250.naresara nyaya nipuna guhirima 251.rayanayara || 23 || patarani tasa262 sumdariya253 sumdara2.guna.khani265 rupi256.imdrani janai257-e jasa258 madhuria vani260 saraga261 civi262 muni'dudha dana263. punyiim204 upamnau265 putrapanaim vara sumina-deu266 tasu287 uyari268 dhanau209 || 24 || || hiva duhau270 jinavara'guru'puja karaum271 divaravaum272 bahu dana 273 ran7274.mani'e dohala rau275 karai supramana276 || 25 || ahe277 uttama tihi'gaha7-rikkha | vari279 nisi260 namdana jayu281 raya22 karai283 uchava aneka | hiyai284 harasa na naim285 caraga sodhi286 karavii-e287 | dijai288 ghana dana289 torana 290 guli ubhiin291-e vajaim292 nisana293 || 26 | bolaim bamdina biruda294 giya 295 gaaim26 kulanari jaya 72 sabada 98 samuccaraim-e jana nayari-majhari200 bhoyana'chayana kanaya300.dani*01 | samtosiya302 sajjana803 nala kumara'iya 304 nama 305 karai raja niya namdana306 | 27 || dini 2 vadhai nala kumara sudi pakhi307 jima308 camdo rupa sobhagaims agalu310 e jana nayan'anamdo kala bahuttari311 bhanais12 gunai313 | savi gramtha vakkhanai314 navatatal.samakita sara sudha jina dhamma316 sujanai || 28 || damd'ayudha chattisa317-tanau318 abhyasa na mumkai319 caturapanaim320 niya321 puvva322.purisa823. acara na cukai324 kubara325 kuda nihana 326 tasa lahu bhaya327 bhanijai jovana328 pamiu nala$29. kumara hari-upama dijai330 | 29 || || hiva331 ghata 332 | iya nala kumaraha ruva bhamdaraha 333 | jamma334 kahiu maim bahu336 gusaha 337 davadamtidevi-tanau888 samkhevi339 hiva 340 avatarasave sunaha || 30 || || hiva312 ulaladhala313 || vidarabhardesa'simgara344 | kumdinapura345 vara'sara raja346 karaim347 tihim348 bhima ratha rau'rauta319.sima | 31 || ran7850 tasa 851 puspadamt7:52 | suti53 nisabhari354 damti ghariaviu dava trathau suminaim366 rani37 dithau || 32 || jagi kahai368 vihanai369 raya360-naim361 buddhi362.vinanaim368 joi364 tasa365 phalo366 naravai367 | hosii368 vara choru369 baravai || 33 || sita 370 gaja kahatam371-4372 avi rau'rani373 puthi$74 cadavi nagari375 phir1976 maha gahiu77 |avi878 raya379.ghari rahiu || 34 || raya380 karai381 uchava apara 382 rani'uyaris udara saraga384-cak7885 avatariya386 dhusari dharamiim 37 udhariya || 35 || subha dini388 betiya389 jai390 | vajai nayari vadhai raja di 391 bahu dana192 | uchava meru39.samana 394 || 36 || purava sukrta396. jhamaliim 396 tilaka upanaum397 bhaliim janama399-lagai tasa 400 sohai surija-jima jaga401 mohai402 || 37 || sumina403-bhani abhirama404| tasa405 davadamtiya nama 406 dini 407 2 vadhai e kumari rupi408-kari kiri409 amari || 38 || atha'varisiya jama" | pamdita padhavail e tamat13

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310 BENDER: THE NALARAYADAVADANTICARITA sisi sulipi414 athara415 | sarasati devi'vatara116 || 39 || anupama vidya vinana | sakala kala guna jana11 joai419 jinavara 420-bhasita | prichai navatatta samakita422 || 40 || pujai arihamta 23.deva | karai424 guru-guraniya425.seva yovani 26 cadiya sampurai | rati rambha mada curai || 41 || punya prabhavihim427 sidhi | sasanadevatiim428 didhi pratima jinavara samti | aradhai429 davadamti || 42 || ||hiva 430 vastu || tini431 avasari 2 putti davadamti jovanavai gahagahi432 | varasa atthadasa taniya janiya uttama kula guna pavara434 | varaha435 cita436 mana17-mahi aniya puchiya catura pradhana savi | sacaracari488 vikhyaya 439 guruya sayamvara jutti42 sium | mamdavai tava raya || 43 || ||hiva443 caupai || 450. utara pura-bahiri444 ghana445 | bhimi446 karavya rayaham448-tana vara mamdapa mamdaviu riti | dahiya dhavala rupa-ni bhiti42 || 44 || pumnya-453 || dripada marakata mani sathiya56 kuyalaum 457 | pita458 kamti459 sona-naum50 talaum 461 padamaraga thambha ruyada463 | citri464 likhya465 sarasa suyada66 || 45 | jihim47 dithaim49 pujai manarali469 | ramaniya rupa 470 ratana putali moti jhumbana kiddha jhamala472 patta473-kula camdruya474 visala475 || 46 || pamcavamna bahu ratana prapamca mahi476 manohara phirata mamca jhalahalamta 79 mani jhikajhamala | upari simh'asana479 causala480 || 47 || mahimahamti parimala481 sukumala | pharisa phula kamdaka 482 phulamala imdra dhanusa sama sobhasaras | manimaya-torana mamdita bara || 48486 || manika 487 kalasa damda jhalahalaim488 | lahalahamta dhaja ravi aphalaim kanaka kalita kosi samkodi | ima mamdapa sobhabhara191 jodi || 49 || rau pathavi492 duta salekha | tedavai494 narapati savisesa 496 sakala desa-na avaim raya | saguna 407 saruva498 saramga499 savaya500 || 50 || bahu ratha haya gaya payaka vitta501. | sathiim502-lei parighala citta nala kubara beta samjutta50s | nisadhab raya pani505 tattha pahutta506 || 51 || jima 2 avaim savi bhupala | tima 2 bhima karai sambhala utari507 utare508 riti | vinaya sacavai bahuli priti || 52 || hiva 509 muhutta510 dini511 savi bhupala | gahagahamtasi parivara jhamala kaya513 majjana 14 pahiris15 simgara516 | avaim mamdapa-mahi saphara || 53 || rupiim517 imdra-jema vikasamta | tapana-jema tejiim518 jhalakamta519 ucita simhasani 20 savi sanamda | te21 baisarai bhima narimda22 || 54 || ||hiva523 pahiri pataulis24 dadimi | sakhi525 udhani navaramga ghata || || e dhala || anamdiim526 saimvara527-bhani | sakhi528 pujiya529 jinavara 530 samti pahiriya amgi simgara33-e sakhi sajja huis davadamti || 55 || manimaya-kumdala rasadi | sakhi manika moti536-hara tilaka nigoda rasi duli57 | sakhi kamthalus mekhala639. sara || 56 || kamcana kamkana mumdradi | sakhi cudis nili42 netra patauladi543 | sakhi neura runas cunadi cara 41 jhanakara || 57 || ma 545 Amcal mrgamada camdana547 kesaru | sakhi ghanasara parimalasara campaka ketaka549. malati | sakhi mahamahaim550 phula pagara || 58 || madeg cadiya sukhasani hemamais51 | sakhi bahulasara parivara cali552 bhima narimda553. dhu554 | sakhi lachi555-devi avatara || 59 || ma seta55 chatra siri557 jhalahalaim | sakhi pase camara dhalamti vajitri558 ambara gadayadai559 | sakhi bamdina560 kitti 561 karamti || 60 || madeg nara nari jova milaim | sakhi dijai danas vicitta mamgala dhavala kulamgana | sakhi gaim nacaim patta || 61 || madeg ini pari avi ucchave| sakhi paithi565 mamdapa-mahi566 [TRANS. AMER. PHIL. SOC. davadamti dithi save | sakhi rae567 bahu uchahi || 62 || madeg kai amari kai kimnari | sakhi kai e naga568-kumari avara eha tolai nahi569 sakhi mrganayani570 samsari || 63 || ma

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TEXT jehe571 kiri572 paramanue | sakhi e nipamni nari te teta adhika nahi | sakhi573 niscaim jaga-majhari || 64 || madeg jini jamamtari tapa ghana | sakhi kidha saddhai575-bhai576 e taruni te nara varai | sakhi tapa-vina siddhi578 nathai579 || 65 || ma ima citavata 580 raya savi581 | sakhi dharatam atikhamti citta582 citra 583-likhita584-jima thira55 nayana | sakhi te joaim585 davadamti || 66 || ma || hiva587 duha || nama thama kula naravaraha | janamti pratihari davadamti-prati ima bhanai nisupau rajakumari || 67 || e savi avya desapati | tuha591 vivaha592-nimitta VOL. 40, PT. 4, 1950] saimvari594 vari te vara catura | jahim595 tujha rijhai citta596 || 68 || a dadhipanna narimdavara | sumsamarapura nahu597 599 balavamta || 70 || a campa pati bhoga kula | sobhakarana subahu598 || 69 || camdaraja ikhagukula. | bhusana a gunavamta a ravivamsa vatamsa sama | somadeva bahu naravara 603-birudavali604 | ima bolai pratihari na rucai605 pani ko tasa 606 mani | ruci jujui607 samsari || 71 || hiva 60 tau609 cadiu ghane610 mana gaje | imdrabhuyasi bhuyadeva 612 || e dhala || vali613 pratihari ima bhanai614 | risabhadeva615-samtani616 a kosaladesa617-hivai618 | nisadha rau619 bahumani620 || 72 || nisadha 21-tapu622 namdana jethau | e623 nala nami624 kumara625 sabala 626 saruva sujana guru627 | suguna taruna 28 datara || 73 || kubara namiim629 nisadha-tanau60 | a lahu amgaja jani | 2631 je tuha632 mana633 mohai vara te | caturi cadavi pramani | 2 || 74 || nirasi a nala sobhaga nidhi637 | suravara bhasura soha638 | 2 jagiu puravabhava 639-tanau640-e | davadamti mani moha642 | 2 || 75 || neha salune loane64-e | alokamti bala | 2 ghalai644 utakamthi645 atihi646 | nalaha kamthi varamala | 2 || 76 || vara varu variu isiya647 | gayanamgani hui648 vani649 | 2 nalakumara anamdiu650-e | ghau valiu nisani651 | 2 || 77 || || hiva652 ulaladhala || krsnaraja kumara654 udampa655 | tava bhanai vayana asampa amha chatam davadamti parinai | avara na ko657 vara taruna668-i || 78 || tum mumki davadamti660 | suni661 re nala ja digamti662 jai tum663 thasi664 abujha | tau re dii majha665 jhujha666 || 79 || valatau667 nisadha namdana668 | bolai vacana prasanna 669 jai670 tum671 kanya na variu | tau672 kami678 rosiim574 re bhariu675 || 80 || e tujha viruam676 re laksana677 | tum678 nahim679 jane680 vicaksana681 machara je dharaim phoka | te nara nica uluka682 || 81 || e683 hiva684 hui685 para nari | i hasi686 tau tujha hari687 jai688 tujha jhujha icha69 chai | tu tha ubhau pachai690 || 82 || be vira ranarasi91 bhariya | mamdapa-bahari nisariya693 bihum dali sabala jhujhara95 | jhabakavaim hathiara 696 || 83 || desi ramga bhamga dhanya697 | tava jala698 kari kari kanya jina namiim699 ghaliu-e chamtau | krsnaraja700 namiu ukamtau701 || 84 || asi kara702 padi-i-e703 avai | nala pagi lagi704 manavai705 sasanadevi pasaim706 | vighana vilai savi707 jaim708 || 85 || hiva hum tumha puchaum ladana sasarii0709 || e dhala || hiva710 savi sajana harasiya712 | dujana713 hua714 savi kala nala kumara716 baraviim cadiu77 | gahagahi18 sa mani bala || 86 || dhola719 damamam dudadudi20 | vajaim guhira nisana kirati kali rava uchalai721 | bamdina dijaim-e dana722 || 87 || sarasa rasoi72 karaviim | nipaii24 pakavana725 sajana savi samtosim poslim parighala jana || 88 || ghari 2 ramaniya rasabhari | rasa ramai vara730 gaim731 jinamamdiri mamdavii | mahapuja bhimaratharain || 89 || 733 311

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312 BENDER: THE NALARAYADAVADANTICARITA TRANS. AMER. PHIL. SOC. be vevahiyava samaratha arathaha 5 vecai-e kod7736 purai manaha manoratha tima jima navai-e sodi | 90 | || hiva vivahaladhala77 || lagana'divasi hiva739 avii-e vara kanya be-u740 nhavaviim741 jugatiim be sinagariim-e bihum742 arati743 ritiim744 utariim74-e | 91 || vara gaya vara tava aruhi e parineva746 avai 47 gahagahi-e mastaki chatra te jhalahalaim74-e bihum pase caru749 camara dhalaim-e || 92 || vajitra vajaim atighana-e tiham dana-tani nahimo ka mana-e udhiya navaramga cunadi-e vara luna utarai bahinadi-e || 93 || mrgamada camdana mahamahaim753-esajana savi hiyadae754 gahagahaim755-e nara'nari jova milaim 5-e pathi haya-gaya-ratha mitha aphalaim77-e || 94 || bamdana jaya 2759 ucarai760-e krami 2761 aghaum762 sahu samcarai-e ladana torana76 aviyu76-ekulavadhue vidhiim78 vadhaviyu76-e || 95 || ladiya767 baithi maharai-e tava harasa hiai768 atighana dharai-e vara rau tiham tedavii70-e hival hathi+2 hatha778 melavii774-e || 96 || vivaha mahocchavai mahavai-e josis vidhi tiham savi sacavai-e geliim gaim78 dhaulahi-e vara-kanya-pasalii780 phiri78l rahi-e || 97 ||| haya raha782 kumjara payaku783- esovana dhana motiya74 maniku-e ima bahu78 danas tiham diyai787-e rajabhimaratha788 parighala hiyai789-e || 98 || ladi790 leiya?'1 aiyu72 nala niya utarai7% gaiyu794-e nala davadamti devamganai-e gharaceiya796 vamdaim taha797 thunaim -e || 99 || || hiva caupai || ima uchavi kidhau7'vivahabihu 800 vevahiya801 bahu uchaha karaya ucita gaurava 802 savi raya bhima pathavai ghana bhadavaya || 100 || Il punyasiloka 803 || drupada 84 || kai86 dina bhima'vacana 806 tiham rahi nisadha'raya valiyu 807 gahagahi ma sisamana808 dii809 davadamti putti ma chamdes10 niya priya bhattis11 | 101 || bhimi maya'taya'paya naminala rath? avi baithi samis12 uchuka813 calai nisadha'narimda 14 na ganai rati disa 815 sanamda || 102 || nisi tama nirisi817 tava davadamti pragata karai nija tilaka hamti818 tini819 dala desai820 sukhi821 savi maga nisadha922 bhanai nala kumyara523 sobhaga824 || 103 || gajamada gamdhiim bhamara viddha 825kasagiu risi826 gunihim827 samiddha 828 desi namai karai bahu 829 bhatti nisadha sa nala kubara830. davadamti || 104 || kosalanagari aviu rau833 harisiu834 nagara loka samadau$35 vara paisarai836 uchava karai davadamti guna 87 sahu-1838 tharai839 || 105 || nala davadamti be navaramga be navajovana 840 be bahu 41. camga be abhamga'sobhaga842. nihana 543 be suprita be gunajana || 106 || naca gita rasa ju jalakeliphulavacaya himdola: helish ramali karamtam be nisa'disa845 I purai te nija manaha jagisa || 107 || || hiva duha846 | amna 7 divasi nala rajiu kari84 kubara juvaraja nisadha rais vairaga850.rasi | lidhau851 samjamaraja862 || 108 || nala raja nyaim kari palai rajas saramga854 bhupati savi seva karaim deta damda abhamga856 || 109 || nala 86 puchiu87 mamtri bhanainisadhaha tumhe858 samiddha859 jam tumhese saghalum361 bhogavau362 deva aja bharah'addha863 || 110 || eka tuhari854 ana86 punas manai nahim887 kadamba 868 te jai89 vasi870 hui tau sayali671 | jagi tumha kitti palamba || 111 || || hiva caupai || nyaya872-bhani tau pahilau873 duta pesi874 rai$75 janaviu suta pani navi manai876 te-u samda padahau877 vajai jima vina damda || 112 | Il punya:878 tava nala sabala sena-sium ja179 vitai880 taksasilapuri881 jai tau882 kadamba bahiri883 nisariu rosiim vikata kataka parivariu884 || 113 || daya-bhani jhujhamtam krura avara vira vari be885 sura nala kadamba 886 te amgo amgi | jhujhaim sabaladila887 ranaramgi || 114 || jeje magai jhujha888 kadamba tete ra nala dii avilamba 880 jipai punya baliim800 nala cheka tau991 kadamba mani caliu802 viveka89 || 115 ||

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TEXT 898 jhujha kari mahiam894-sum 895 maraum896 | bahubali 897-jima bhavajala taraum tau899 te lii900 samjama 901 gambhira | tasa 902 pagi lagai903 hiva904 nala vira || 116 || karatau tasu balasatya prasamsa906 | thapi raji tasa907 suta hamsa avi nagari kiddha908 pavesa 909 | gadayadamta910 nisana naresa912 || 117 || nala-naim savi bharah'addha narimda | raj'abhiseka kari sanamda 913 dhoaim prudha bheda jujui914 | nala pattarani bhimi bhai915 || 118 || imdra-jema adabhutta16 causala917 | raja karai cira nala918 bhupala kubara raja lobhi919 machari | nala chala joai nitu phiri phiri920 || 119 || camdana kaduu921 camdri922 kalamka | rayanayara kharau jali pamka" gunamaya24 nala-naim juyarahadi 25 | ratana dosa dii vihi kuna926 padi || 120 || harai jipai nita lakha kodi | nala lagi e moti sodi 923 VOL. 40, PT. 4, 1950] eka divasa927 nala kubara ramai | kubara jipai nala nigamai || 121928 || desa nagara pura mamdira thama | seta matamba dronamukhagama 929 patana kanaya rayana bhamdara | kari kekana karaha kothara931 || 122 || nala harai na vijanai sara932 | loka karaim tava hahakara ra varium kahi-naum934 navi karai935 | kahau kani936 kumjara kuna dharai || 123 || || hiva duha || hari suni tava lajjadi938 | chamdi sabha-majhari avi davadamti bhanai | juya mumki ma ma hari || 124 || e pasa tujha pasa-jima 939 | droha940 vairi heva 943 ksana adhaksana942 ju sarasa pani | ima amdhalaum na deva || 125 || jai ruci tau944 varisaim hathim | bhai-naim dii raja pani ima juim nigamya- | tanaum kahi948 kuna kaja949 || 126 || rali 2 uparaji950 je ridhi951 visane jai952 mana samtavai sala-jima | java jiva te953 rai954 || 127 || hiva apanai ghari kisium ka tanum-e955 || e dhala || ima davadamtii variu-e | pani navi manai-e rau957 || 128 || tau958 karmagati vamkadi-e chutae rau na ramka959 | bhava seradi samkadi1-e || amicali || 0965 969 973 davadamti nali hive avagani962 | roati jhurae deva963 || 129964 || tau kadeg bhimiya-sahita amteuri-e | amgabharana967 harai-e969 bhupa || 130 || tau kadeg hariya sarava so nala huu970-e | utarae971 amga simgara2 || 131 || tau kadeg kubara mani hiva harasiu-e | maim aja ladhalaum raja || 132 || tau ka nithura kubara nala975 bhanai-e | chamdi amhariya bhumi976 || 133 || tau ka udhiya udhanaum977 uthiu978-e tava nala sahasa dhira || 134 || tau ka balavamta lachi na vegali-e |ani ma tam980 ahamkara || 135 || tau ka || hiva caupai || ima boli caliu nala vira | akala anopama sahasa dhira puthiim981 bhimi jati982 sati | kubara983 varai jiti huti984 || 136 || I punya mamtri bhanai ma kari aviveka986 | davadamti java dii987 cheka jethau bhai janaka-ha988 tolai | tasa989 kalatra mata sahu 990 bolai || 137 || jai tum rakhisi99 kimhai parani992 | tau tujha hosii994 nisciim995 hani996 sambala ratha sarathia lavi | davadamti997 nala-sathi998 calavi || 138 || mamtri vacana maniu kubariim | tava nala hasi bhanai ini1000 pariim lacchi tiji1001 maim helam isi1002 | ratha iccha hiva1003 mujha-naim kisi || 139 || mamtri vacani abala sukha hetu1004 | nala rathi cadiu100% ramani sameta desi ucca thamba pura1006-mahi1007 | uthapai1008 thapai kari-sahi || 140 || balavamtai nala bhavathi isi1009 | joau 1010 vihiracana1011 chai kisi nala balappani aviim vaniim1012 | kahium hutum1013 ima jani1014-muniim || 141 || thambha1015 pamcasata kara uttamga1016 | halavisiim1017 je nagari1018 abhamga te bhogavisii1019 nara bharah'addha 1020 | maharisi vacana milium e suddha1021 || 142 || nala humtam hui1022 kosala1023-dhani 1024 avara na ko ima1025 bhasa 1026-bhani hosii vali1027 nala-naim 1028 e1029 raja | kubara nahi1030 namdai nivyaja1031 || 143 || tau ima sukhi1082 pumsa hui1038 koi | jai nala jisiu1034 naresara hoi1035 vali1036 jagau1087 nala punya1038 mahamta1039 | isyam loka mukhi1040 vacana1041 sunamta || 144 || 313

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314 BENDER: THE NALARAYADAVADANTICARITA (TRANS. AMER. PHIL. SOC. pura-bahiri 1042 nisariu hasamtavali1043 loka mamtri samamta devi'vacani1044 kumdinapura-bhani | ratha sedavai bhimi'dhani || 145 || mahatavi1045 paitha te1046 jama107 avya bhila lusiva 1048 tama asi leil049 dhayu ratha mumki | bhila-bhani nalaraja tumki || 146 || puthi1050 jai nala variu devi1051 tinaim 102 humkara 1063 melhevi 1064 agali bhila trasavya jama ratha pachile1055 sulidhu1056 tama || 147 || || hiva jhambatadhala1067 || patu sadi kapadamanai navaramga ghata Il e dhala | punya na hui java padharaum1058 tava sukha navi hoi 1060 riddhi-tanau1061 mani garavau 1062 ma karau 1063 naranara koi1064 || 148 | punya 1065 nala:davadamti caliyam hiva palam be-u pagi 21066 leta bala-jema visama te-u || 149 || punyao rani1087.carana sumaladam 1068 sucai dabha kathora 1060 tini 1070 lohi jharajhara 1071 hua 1072 nala dukha athora1073 || 150 | punyao atapa atighana1074 akarau1075 | lagai lu-n71076 jhala karamai1077 nala vallaha , jima kusuma-ci mala || 151 || punyao tirasi1078 bhima narimda 1079.dhu | magai ksani 1080 2 nira nala palasa dumde1081 kariani paim 1082 dhira1083 || 152 || punyao pagi pata 1084 davadamti-naimbamdhai 1085 phadi cira kara1086 jhali calavatu1087 vali 21088 dii dhira || 153 || punyao puchai atavi ketali | vauli atighana 1089 ghamca nala bhanai joyana 1080 sau 100-tani calya 1099 joana1093 pamca |154 Il punya samjhai palava satharau 1094 karai atisukamala upari aradhaum 1095 udhanaum 1096 patharai 1097 bhupala || 155 || punyao jina1098 guru dhana1099 dhari tiham suti priya visasi davadamti nidra'sukha lahainala baithau 1100 pasi || 156 || punya || hiva vastu 11 nala vimasai 2 susaral101.athari 1102 je 1103 jivaim 1104 nara adhama te abujha nija kula lajavaim1105 kumdinapura1106 tau 1107 mujhaha1108 | aja kima jaiva 100 avaim hiva1110 hiyadamllll gadhaum1112 kari mumki'118 ramani sattha jiham 1114 ko mujha janai nahim|115 jaum kehiim tatthal116 || 157 || sila samnidhill17 2 devi davadamti1118 viruum 119 navi hoisiim 1120 sila satil12.rakhavala sacau 1122 puvvakamma'vasi nalaha huu 1123 ema parinama 194 jacau sisamana aksara lisi 125 ruhiriim1126 sadi'desi 1127 asi kapi1128 niya udhanaum 1129 nala nisariu videsi 130 || 158 || 11 hiva caupai || aghau jai vali1181 pachau valiu nala1132 cimtabhara 1188 sokiim kaliu 1134 rati vimasi pasaim rahi rau vihanai 136 caliu sahi || 159 || punyadeg1136 phuliya1137 phaliya 138 amba aruhi1139 humta saphala 140 svadamti rahi vanagaji 141 unamaliu1142 so amba1143 amba padi hum bhuim114 avilamba || 160 1 Il duhau1145 | bhimi e1146 suminaum 1147 lahi jagi1148 nala bhupala anadesi ima cimtavai 149 joti dasa disi 180 bala || 161 || svamiya1151 e vira jinimda 1152 punima camda jima ullasiya1163 Il e dhala || a kisium 1154-e nipanaum deva1155 | acarija1166-e-u motau bhayu-e1157 ekali-e arana1168-mahi mumki sium 1159 naha-i1160 gayu-e saravari-e giu 1161 husii 1162 uthimukha pakhaliva116 pridau 164-e janaum165-e paniya 1166 lei1167 |avatau 1168 hosii 169 ruyadau-e1170 || 162 || mujha kimum-e1171 mumkai e vata | ini 172 bhavi-e kima sambhavai-e karanum 1173-e kavana vilamba ajiya kam malapatau navai 174 ataviya ete ute bhumi1175 dumgara te ute taruvaru-e1176 eka1177 navi e disai e naha sahaja 1178 salunau sumdaru1170-e || 163 || jhurati-e ema 180 tasa 181 cimti sambhariu 1182 sumina 183 vicarium-e ambalau-e priya nalarau raja 1184. sukha phala'ana 1185 sarium-e1186

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315 VOL. 40, PT. 4, 1950) TEXT vanagaju-e kubara1157 jini raja taliu nala guhira118.hiya taru 189 cadi-e padiya jam bhumi 190 te hum mukiya 1191 nala sahiya 182 || 164 || sa roi-e119 mumkiya 1 kamtha | abala vediim ekaliya'195 dukhabhari e talavalai jema 196 tata silatali 19 machali-e hum kima-i-e hoisu deva 1198 nidhani ani 19 rana-mahi 200 kami1201 navi-e udael202 hamsa e dukha adhikau1203 marana-pahim || 165 kahi kahi ha 1204 nithara naha taim kamim mumki visasiya1205 hum 1906 tujha-e lagiya1207 hathi motiya 1208 asaim 209 ullasiya!210 e kisiumile tujha kul'acara 212 nisadha naranaha213 lajjaviu-e maim kuna-e kidha aparadha1214 evada215 damda jo1216aviu-e || 166 || valavalai-e1217 balaka-jema vali vali1218 bhutali sa dhalaijoatit219-e dasa disi dina amsuel220 loyana 1291 jhalajhalaim1222e hiva1223 ima-e karatam cira: amcali1224 desiya1225 nala aksara davadamti-e mumkiya1226 soka vacae1227 dharati harasa bhara1228 || 167 || || hiva vastu vadaha1929-hethali 2 maga je te-u1230 kumdinapuri 1231 jai1232 tasa1233 Vama maga kosala 1234 jai tum1235 jae tattha puna1236 jattha tujha manaramga1237 thai sevaka-jima1238 mana tujha-kanhali1239 mumki he gunakhani1240 hum videsi jaum achaum 241 karana-bhaniya sujani|| 168 | || havi caupai || ini kathani 243 bhimi gahagahi 244 cali pihara-bhani uchahi1245 nala aksara nala-jima jina1246-pasi joti nirabhayamana ullasi 247 || 169 || puo1248 sapa siha vanagaja vetala raksasa1249.pramukha dusta vikarala savi na vilopai bhimi ana 1250e jina dhyana sila supramana || 170 || bhila dhadi bhaya bhamji satha rasiu bhimi1251 ubhit hatha 125 tau1254 ma-jima manai suvisamta1255 satha-mahi ani gunavamta1256 || 171 ||| mumki satha rati calati1257raksasa rupi parisi 288 sati sura tuthau1259 dii 20 vara tava bhimi1261 puchai nala milisii kadi simi1262 || 172 || tujha-naim pihari rahitam bara varasa chehi milisi 1963 bharatara ima sura'vacana sunia 1254 kathora | lii davadamti abhigraha ghora 1265 || 173 || rakata vastu 1266 amjana tambola vigai nhana tamtul267 camdana rola gita naca rasa nita'ahara jam nala na milai968 tam parihara || 174 || giri gupha 209 jai rahi davadamti 1270 | velu pratima jinavara samti kariya pujati1271 phasu'phale cautha paranum 1272 karai kumyale1273 || 175 || sathavaha 274 aviu tihim 275 vahi tapasa puna 276 avya uchahi1277 kumdaim ghana thambhiu 1278 davadamti puchium279 devasvarupa 1280 vasamti1281 || 176 || jinavara dharma kahi te save pratibodhya tapasa uchave tapasapura thapiu1282 tihim 1283 saral24 satthavahi1285 jina ceiya1286 cara1287 177 || kubara tanaya 1288 simhakesari parini1289 valiu disa1290 adari guru jasabhadra1291-pasi giri vari pamca292 divasi kevala'sira123 vari || 178 | sura kiya1994 uchava desil295 phuramta1296 bhimi kulapati vimala vasamta1297 nisi 1298 giri cadiya 1299 namai kevali1300 dharma1301. prasamsa savi sambhali || 179 || tapasa1302 kapara 1303 sura1304 tava avi vamdiya 1305 kevali bhimi bhavi sapadeha bila1306 kadhi bhanai kopa karai te e phala lunai || 180 || siddhi 1807 gayu kevali1308.guru-pasi kulapati dikha liddha ullasi 1309 nija puri1310 rasi guru1311 caumasi 1312 | huu vasamta Sravaka gunarasi || 181 || jina'guru'dhyana lina ekamti sata varasa tihim 313 rahi davadamti1314 guhatau 11.pamthiya'vacana vinani 316 nala' nehiim 317 nikali ajani1818 |182 11 rati 319 bhamamti tarasil320 thai ajala nadi tini 1321 sajali kai 'loka'vacani jani sa devi satha-mahi322 ani dhanadevi || 183 | mallinatha pujamtai1323 eki1324 Sravaki 825 mani bahini viveki 1326 satha jogi1327 tini sukhini hui132 krami 21329 nagari1330 acalapuri gai || 184 || baithi vavi varamdi-hethidii 1831 pura-bhani sacimti132 drethi 1333 tini 1834 nagari 1885 raja ritupamna 336 camdrajasa rani tasa1337 dhamna || 185 || dasi vacani 838 jani tini 1819 sakhi 840 pahim anavi navi ulasi 342 bahumani rasi nija-pasicamdravati betia vasi || 186 | || hiva vastu |

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316 BENDER: THE NALARAYADAVADANTICARITA (TRANS. AMER. PHIL. SOC. danamamdiri1343 2 nagara-bahi tini 1344 baithiim pimgalau nami cora rasiu daya dhari1346 divaraviu17 munivaraha-pahim 1348 tasa349 samjama maya-kari so avasari suravara 1350 thai avi nami davadamti sagi pahutau 1861 kanagabhara1352 varasiya 1863 bhasura kamti | 187 || || hiva duha || nala davadamti-nai suni bhavathi bhima'narimdi1364 dukkha 365 dharium mani atighanaum 1856 sium amteuri-bimdi || 188 || duta pathavya 137 hiva1868 ghana jova nala sakalatra1859 phiratau 1360 aviu acalapuri phulabaduya 1361 harimitta || 189 || desi sattukari tini 1362 pagi lagi136 davadamti camdrajasa ritupamna-naim 1364avi kahi turamti1365 || 190 rau 1366.rani hiva ulasi bhaneji-naim1367 nehi davadamti-naim sacavaim 36 bhagati jugati1369 saimdehi1370 || 191 | raim 71 bahu parivara 1372-sium baduya 1973. vacani1374 guna jutta pathavi pihara 1875-bhanisa kumdinapuri1376 patta || 192 || maya taya tava sammuha 1377 avya tasa 1878 bahu mohi 1879 dhai 380 sa lagi page roti nalaha 1381 vichohi 1882 | 193 | te upahari kari kari alimgi davadamti 1383 pabhanaim putti ma dukkha1384 dhari hosii 1385 sukha sampatti1886 || 194 || ghari ani1387 uchava kari1388 te puchaim savi vatta sa roti pabhanai nalaha appana1389 puvva caritta 1390 || 195 || jai tum1391 avi jivati vauli rana 1392 asesa tau 1893 hiva nala pani avisii1394 kami 39 ma kari kilesa 1396 | 196 || ima te beti dhiravi harisya 1897 jina'guru 1398.bhatti1399 karai1400 tiham davadamti hiva rahi sukhiim-samahatti1401 || 197 ||| || hiva jhambatadhala1402 nala java/608 bhimi parihari caliu mani jhuramti1404 tava dava desai06 atha-maim dini vani1406 pasaramta || 198 || || drupada || ikkhagu 107 nalaraya rasi mum 408 tujha kare1409 upagara 1410 mujha jammamtarau dhalatau 1412 nara vacasara || 199 || nala: 1413 jnana 14-pramaniim15 tujha-tanaum-416 | janum 417 kula naim nama veli418 gahani 19 ima bolatu 1420 dithau nali 421 naga tamma 422 || 200 || nalao huu vasi123 ahi valagadi udhanai jai usara thami mumkatau nalaraja tinaim 1424dasiu1425 kari vami | 201 || nalao naga-ni tredi nala bhanai rudau 1426 kiu147 upagara dudha dayaka dasii1428 isiu tujha kula acara || 202 || nalao huu nala tini vasi kubadau 1430 kalau141 atihim kurupa 1482 ini 433 rupiim jaisii 1434 kiham java1435 vimtavai1436 bhupa || 203 || nalao tava te ahi phiti huu1437 sura bhasura1488 deha 1439 bolail440 tujha piya1411 nisadha hum |aviu dharataum'2 neha || 204 || nalao bara varasa tujha bhavathi hosii"443 karma-pramani karma-agali deva-14-tanaum 1445 bala nahi 446 ima147 jani || 205 || nalao raja karamtaim1448 save raya kidha dasa hivadam449 tujha-naim ulasi te karaim1450 vinasa || 206 || nalao eha-bhani maim tum 41 kiu 1452 hata hetu 1453 kurupa 1454 devavastu 465 devabhusane pahire hosil466 sarupa1457 207 || nalao bhusana ratna karamdi-u1459 bilai chail460 vara cira e lii be1461 tum rasi 1462 je1463 ruyadi1464 paril465 vira || 208 | nalao nali1466 puchium1487 davadamti-naum1468 | kahai deva 1460 caritta sila prasamsa tasa"470-tani karatau supavitta || 209 || nalao tasu abhipraim sumsamara | pura171 phari1472 sari deu nala mumki gyu bambhaloi putra moha abeu || 210 || nalao || hiva caupai || paisai nagara-mahi arama ceiya jina vamdiya nala jama tama thambha bhamjiya madi trasa padai puri gaja karai vinasa || 211 || pum1473 gausi cadiu dadhipamna naresu bolai tasa mana'vamchita 74 desu

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TEXT jini virii1475 gayavara vasi hoi1476 | pani gaja drethi1477 na avai koi || 212 || pudeg nala gaji cadiu kari vasi rai | kanaka samkalaum karai pasai VOL. 40, PT. 4, 1950] gaja utarai nala-11478 malapamta | raya1479-pasi baithau anamamta || 213 || pum rau1480 puchai janasi tum kuna | kuna aneri kala saluna su1481 bhanai surijapaka rasoi | nipaum jail482 tujha1483 ruci hoi || 214 || cosa 1484 dudha1485. pramukha savi sara diddha1486 sajai raim phara tini kiya surijapaka rasoi | jimiu1487 raja loka sahukoi || 215 || pu tasu 1488 prasamsa karaimti1489 amga1490. | bhusana tamka laksa ika1491 camgal raya didha pamcasaim gama1494 | tini lidhaum1495 sahu-i vina1496 gama || 216 || paradhi madira1497 tali raim1498 | apadesi nala vacani pasaj1499 1492 1503 narapati puchai kuna tujha nama | kuna tum kahi-na kubaja kuna gama || 217 || kubaja kahai kosala udara 1500 | nala narimda tasa 1501 hum1502 suara humdika namiim1504 maim nala-pasi | sisi sakala kala abhyasi 1505 || 218 || ||hiva duha || kubari 1506-sium nija raja | nali harium juya vilasi 1507 davadamti lei gayu | ekaladau vanavasi1508 || 219 || nala valavamtu 1500 vana-mahi | tihim kubara kudaha1510 rasi niguna nithura parihariya | aviu hum tujha-pasi || 220 || nala pamcatta1 suniya ghana | dukha1512.dhari dadhipamna1513 pretakarju1514 tasa 1615 tava karai | nala mani hasai1516 pasamna || 221 || ||hiva caupai || eka divasi dadhipamnaha duta1517 | kajiim kumdinanagari pahuta kahiya bhima-naim avasara 1518 patta | tini humdika suaraha1519 vatta || 222 || pumdeg152 bhimi bhanai suni te vata | kuna kisiu chai humdika tata cara mokali joavau1521 bheu1522 | hum janaum nala1523 hosii te-u1524 || 223 || pumnya nala-vina surijapaka rasoi1525 | jam navi karai1526 anerau 1567 koi tau sisamana dei rai1528 | mokaliyu1529 kusalau tava jai || 224 || ra dadhipamna sabha te jai | joi humdika mani jhurai amtara tapana 1530-rahu1531 jetalaum | chai nala humdika-naim tetalaum || 225 || lavana rupa ramga sobhaga | sumdara kihim1582 nala rau sabhaga 1533 kubada 15 kajala samala deha1534 | atikurupa 1535 kihim 1536 humdika eha1537 || 226 || humdika-upari nala-ni bhramti | phoka1538 hui1539 chai mani davadamti tohi vacana nayana-mana bhavi | niscaya kharau karaum 1540 bolavi || 227 || tau tini baduim 1541 puchi rai1542 | nala nataka mamdium suthai1543 jima 21544 avataraim samketa | tima 21545 jhurai humdika ceta || 228 || nighuna1646 niguna nilaja47 nica | nisata nithura nikala nisimca nala tolai nara1548 avara na koi | chamdi sati priya jini1549 joi || 229 || suti sati ekali rani | sugamdha visi sovana1550-vani abala mumki jatam paga kima vudhi tujha nala nibhaga || 230 || ini vacani gahi bariu apara | mumki kamtha radai suara 1552 desi davadamti gala pasa | uthi kapai varai1553 tasu || 231 || ma mari devi hum chaum tujha-pasi | aviu hiva1554 jaum nahim nasi ima pragatiu tava tinaim1565 apa | java nehiim mani mamdium 1556 vyapa || 232 || || hiva duha 1557 || madira1558-pahiim1559 drohakara | nikharau neha apara jini ghariu1560 janai nahim | jiva viveka vicara || 233 || ||hiva caupai || kahai kusala e natakaramga | humddika sacau-e nahim samga joai sahu-iya na evada vyapa | tujha-naim evada kam samtapa || 2341561 || hum nala-na gharanau1562 suara 1563 | tinai mujha mani1564 neha apara1565 svami bhagata te sevaka sahi | ima jampai humdika gahagahi || 235 || adari ghari tedi samtosi | surijapaka rasoim1566 posi tamka laksa bhusana sovamna | mala kusala-naim jumdiki1567 dinna1568 || 236 || kusalaim puchiu te ekamti | manai nahim 1569 kahai1570-e bhramti1571 kusalau kusaliim1572 pachau valiu | avi bhima'raya1573-naim miliu || 237 || baduu1574 bolai suni bhupala | te chai kubaja rupi1575 vikarala pani janai1576 ravipaka rasoi | gajasiksam nara isiu na koi || 238 || nala nataki te royu ghanaum 1577 | puchiu manai navi nalapanaum 1578 317

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318 BENDER: THE NALARAYADAVADANTICARITA (TRANS. AMER. PHIL. SOC. maim1679 tasu kidhaum 180 nimdargana 1581 | tinaim 1582-e mujha didhaum 1688 danals || 239 || jampai tava davadamti tata te nala hoi 696 sahi e vata amha167 ghari kubada1688 humdika koi na hutau1680 kala isi jasu 590 joi || 240 || rupa'phera tasa kai ahari | kai karm'adika dosa vikari gajasiksa dan'adika ghanam e laksana niscaim 1591 nala-tanam || 241 || aham anavau 2 jima kima te-ul tau mamtri ra 160-naim dii1504 bheu bhimi'saimvara kudau amna kahi hakarau ra1606 dadhipamna | 242 || ra-sathiim tehai avisiim1597 saimvara 1698.namiim jai nala husii nari-resaya suai 600 navi sahainala jivatau tiham kima rahai || 243 | saimvara dina asamna kahijja160 to1162 avai jai nala1603 hujja1604 asvaridaya006. vidya-nau jana eha-i chai nala-naum ahinana 1606 || 244 || || hiva duha bhimi calaviu jana jai tini kahium 1607 dadhipamna citta'suddha pamcami husii16 bhimi saimvara1609 amna || 245 ||| aja cauthi laga ghana dina mujha rogiim maggi ema 1610 suni talavalai mina padiu jima aggi1611 || 246 ||| tava aviu humdika kahai kuna naravara tujha dukkha hum jai1612 janaum1613 tau1614 haraum | nadipura jima rukkha1615 || 247 || kathasesa 1616 ra nala huu 1617 tava jovana:618 davadamti tasu saimvara vali mamdiu 1619 | parineva mujjh'akkhamti 1620 | 248 | kalhi1621.ji saimvara tasa 1622 husii 1623 | amtara pahara1624 cha'satta tau pahucijai kima tiham rau kahai ima vatta | 249 || raga rajavallabha tava 1625 cimtavai 626 nala mani ima sujanu jai ugai pacchima127 kima-!1628 bhanu tohi-!1629 nara avara narimda 1630 bhima beti navi1631 ihai satiya 1632 sima || 250 || jai1683 bijiya 1634 vara saimvaru1635 hosii2636 davadamti-naim1627 varu1628 kula acari tau 166 kavana nari 640 calesii 1641 gurui 649 ini043 samsari || 251 || ahava1644 vijuladi164-jema 18 nari: mana camcala talakai ksana 1647-majhari mujha jivatam pani168 kavana vira parinai 649 davadamti narihira || 252 || dadhipamna pamadaum bhimaraya: puri160 cha pahari vidyabala 1661. pasai 1652 mujha pani 166 jaevaum 16 hoi 66 tasa 1656-sathiim1857 abala tu 1618 kuna visasa || 253 | tava kubaja kahai hum tau!560 pramana jai lei jaum tujha sujana1661 kumdinapuri 16% arunodai 1663 apavi mujha-naim hayavara 1664. ratha saja karavi || 254 || tau harisiu 1665 raja ratha'turamga saja1666 kariya anavi1667 bahu taramga1668 rathi1689 cadiu 170 chattadhara 1871.camaradhala | tamboladara-sarasau 1672 sudhala || 255 | kadi bamdhi ratana 1873.karamda billa 1674 naukara japi humdika chailla 1675 haya kani1676 mamtra 1677. aksara1878 kahevi | ratha sediva 1870 lagau1680 tava cadevi || 256 || || hiva caupai | pavana'vegi caliu ratha jai161 padi1682 pacchedi1683 udi vai1654 java rahavai1685 ratha puhuvit66 satamva 67 ulyam joana 168 pamcavisa || 257 || raim 60 desite baheda 1691 rumsa sahasa 1692. adhara kahi phala'samkha 169 pati 164 ganiya 166 kubaji 16% tava sahi kiddha samkha 1697 te mani gahagahi 698 || 258 || asvakala dadhipamnaha diddha1699 | humdiki ganitakala 1700 te liddha1701 kumdinapuri avi ratha rahiu divasa'udai1702 raja gahagahiu 1708 || 259 || desi tava 1704 suminaum1705 davadamtiavi1706 tata kahai1707 namamti mujha 1708-naim kosalapuri arama1709 devi desadium abhirama 1710 || 260 || phulliya phaliya'll sabala sahikari java cadi hum suratarul?l? sari puvva cadiya pakhi 718 atisama1714 dhasiki padiu taruara 1715-tau tama1716 || 261 || devi didhaum717 mujha kari"718 kamala rau 1719 bhanai sunita saphala1720 vimala devi punya 1721.rasi tujha jani raja-labha arama 1722 vakhani1728 || 262 || amba cadana 724 nala samgama ramga pamkhi pata kubara-sukha bhamga dana kamala jasa parimala'sara 1725aja-ji 1726 milisii727 tujha bharatara || 263 || tava poliim 12% puhatau 1729 dadhipamna1730 |avi kahiu sumamgali dhanna 1731 bhima'rau 1732 tasa 73-sammaha174 jai 1735 davadamti mani harasa na mai 16 || 264 || bhimiim737 ghari aniu 1738 dadhipamna anadesi1739 saimvara thiu sumna1740 bhima bhanai tumhi71 avya kimadadhipamna kahai sujanaha sima1742 || 265 | e humdika143 amha ghari1744 suara | ini1745 anya amhi1746 turita 77 apara kahai bhima humdika1748-naim bhanu1749. | paka rasavati karau1750 sujana 1751 || 266 ||

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VOL. 40, PT. 4, 1950] TEXT 319 te bolai amhe1752 avya ruli1753 | bhimi saimvara 1754 jova vali pahilaum1755 saimvara 1756 uchava karau1757 pachai1758 rasavati'adara dharau 1759 || 267 || rau bhanai bhimi-naim kimaim 1760 nala-vini 1761 avara na dithau 1762 gamai saimvara1768-ni pani170-e kuna vatajanium765 tumhi1706 bolau chau1767 ghata || 268 | jam dadhipamnaha kariu achai1768 te karana tumha79 kahisi 1770 pachai771 maya 1772 kari hiva 1773 karau rasoi1774 | arogai jima sahu-11775 koi 269 || tau tini 776 nipait777 rasavati jimiu 1778 sahu-11778 mana bhavati rasavai'svada pariksa 1780 lahi tava bhimi jampail781 gahagahi || 270 || tapana paka rasavai 1782 nala eka | bharatakhamdi janai suviveka1783 e-u vata guru-e guri1784 kahi mujha-naim tini hui e nala sahi1785 || 271 || adari humdika ani mahi1788 ra 1787.rani kumyara1789 kari-sahi vata1789 manavai1790 manai nahim1791 valatau 1792 ima bolai samsahi || 2721793 || mujha-upari e nala-ni795 bhramti jam tumhi anau1796 chau1707 ekamti te nala navi dithau tumha179 kisium 1799 | bapa 1800 re tumha1801 janevaum 1802 isium | 273 || kiham 808 su 1804 nala raya 1606 imdra samana kiham su 1806 hum naraki-ja mana 1807 jai1808 nala hum1809 houm1810 tau raya kaim1811 na manaum1812 mujha-sium jai 1813 | 274 | thakura-bhani jamai-bhani tumhi tam bhagati karau mujha ghani!!! pani mujha1815 mumki tumhi1816 sacavau1817 tediu1818 dadhipamna1819 mana rasavau 1820 || 275 || jovana1821.bhari priya-tanau1822 viyoga1828 | dussaha samnipata1824-jima roga1825 tini vivhala1826 davadamti thai tasu 1827 vacani tumha1828 mati kam 1829 gai || 276 || vidyakala-tana1830 ahinana1831 je 1832 pani te saghalam apramana1533 eka 21834-pahiim 1835 adhikau1836 achaikala jana jagi kuna mujha pachai1837 || 277 || || hiva duhau || mujha-naim nala thava-tani rahadi jai tumha citti 1838 tau1839 huma nala'ra huu mujha-naim diu davadamti |278 | || hiva caupai 11 isye vacani sahu1840 dhilum 1841 huum uthi java lagaum1842 juum 1813 bhima suta tava mumki lajja 1844 | jampai tata nisuni niravajja 1845 || 279 || pumdeg1846 avara parisa eka mujha amga1647 | roma rai1848 uddhasaim 1849 saramga nala kara pharasi kari tau1860 kajja1851 | pharasau mujha 1852 tanu amguli1853 ajja 1854 || 280 || pumo hasiya kahai humdika1855 nala1866. nari1857 pharasa 1858 karavai kima suvicari 1859 samsai mujha-pahim1860 vikhyata satipana nijani vata || 281 || pumo pani tau 1861 satya 1662 dharaum 1863 hum kharaum 1864 |ama pharasa 1846 eha 1806 tu kima karaum1867 amguli pharasa karaviu tani186 raim humdika-pahim parani 869 || 282 | romamciya tanu 1870 bhimi bhai pabhanai bhavathi bhaji gai jai kalau kabadau1871 karamka | tohi1872 eha-i 1873 nala nikalamka 1874 || 283 || bhimadika bahiri mokali kari humdika jhali1875 ekali sa bala bolai suni vata kahaum 1876 ketali1877 tujha avadata || 284 || maim aniu 1878 mani tujha visasa taim hum 1878 muki rani nirasa 1880 nidra chali-e huu1881 vinasa1862 hiva1813 kima1884 jaisi1885 lila vilasa || 285 || jai hui niravahi1886 vani ahi tau1887 nari parinii1886 uchahi daksina 189 kara dei parihara 1890 |ama kavana kula eha vicara 1891 || 286 || maim kuna 1892 kidha tujha aparadha je taim didha dukkha agadha 1898 aji haha navi1994 tujha mana 1816 valai majha 1896 jitavau 1807 ama 89 talavalai1899 || 287 || jai mujha gojha-tani tujha khamti tau 1900 apa-sau1001 ma karisi1902 bhramti tujha-naim kautiga1903 mujha 1904 vina vada prana 1985. natha hiva 1906 prasada || 288 || kidi1907-upari sikataka1908-1 kiham daya tujha-keri gai maya dharau 1906 mujha-upari ghani pagi lagaum 1910 kimkari911 tumha912-tani || 289 || bala 1913. bole1914 mani gaha1915 bariu nala narimda 1916 nave1917 nehiim 1918 bhariu pahiriya1919 amara:datta singara1920 I pragatarupa1921 nala huu udara || 290 || divya deha desi1922 bhupala anamdiim macaim1923 sa bala samtosi davadamti'raya avya bahiri1924 kari pasaya || 291 || || hiva vastu || nala' narahiva 2 imdra samarupa alimgi1925 harasabhari | hema simha asani1926 nivesiya kara jodiya1927 bhimaratha rau bhanai adara visesiya1828 raja riddhi1929 pura1930 desa ghara sahu-a 1931 tuharum 1932 deva tum thakura bali1983agalau1984 karum1935 tuhari1936 seva | 292 ||

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320 BENDER: THE NALARAYADAVADANTICARITA e-u1937 kautiga 2 amna1938 bhava-jema tumhe 1939 rupa pheravi1940 | ama1941 apa gopavi keliim1942 navi manau to hiai1943 | amtaramga mana ramga meliim1944 jnani1945-jima jani kharau1946 | niscai1947 ani citi1948 davadamti tumha1949 ulakhya 1950 | bapa1951 re satiya 1952. pratiti || 293 || savvattha vimana ha caviya nahu1953 [TRANS. AMER. PHIL. SOC. || e dhala || dadhipamna lagi nala raya pai1954 | pabhanai tum 1955 thakura amha sada-i1956 aparadha kiddha je maim ajani1957 | te savi khamije hitabuddhi1958 ani || 294 || maim 1959 dutara bhavathi tariya1960 tira | pamium 1961 tujha1962 samnidhi1963-kariya vira tum 1964 mitra sahadara sama 1966 saneha | nala bolai tujha1966 guna nahiya 1967 cheha || 2951968 || dhanadeva 1960 satthavaha tattha1970 patta | davadamti ulasi nehajutta1971 piya-pahim 1972 karavai tasa1973 bhatti1974 | guna visarai nahim gunavamta citti1975 || 296 || dhuya 1976. vacani bhima raim1977 sri vasamta | sekhara 1978 ritupamna1979 narimda kamta tasu camdrajasa 1980 beti sameta1981 | tedavya1982 purava priti hetu || 297 || tapasapati1983 sura caritta laddha | sohamma riddhi 1984 aviya samiddha 1985 nala gharini namiya1986 sabha-majhari | saragi 1987 puhatau 1988 varasi1989 kanaka dhari1990 || 298 || tiham masa eka rahi sayala raya | sena1991 parivariu kosalaya aviu nala rajja1992-siri 1993-nimitta | kubara bhaya kampiu kudacitta || 299 || juim 1994 jipi lidhum 1995 sayala rajja1996 | kubara-naim didhaum1997 juvarajja1998 gajamtaim 1999 garuadi2000 guna vilasi2001 | nala2002 vasium tihuyana2003 sujasa vasi2004 || 300 || ||hiva duhau 2005 || miliya 2006 raya savi tava2007 karaim | vali2008 rajja abhiseka 2009 sri nala-nai samcarata2010 | harasiim2011 bheta2012 aneka 2013 || 301 || || hiva caupai || punya udaya2014 hui subhasamjoga2015 | punyai2016 bhogavij 2017 sukha2018-bhoga punyai 2019 uttama kula 2020-avatara | punyai2021 kanaya rayana bhamdara || 302 || punyaim 2022 bhavathi bhaji2023 jai2024 | savi padavi hui2025 punya 2026. pasaim 2027 punyaim 2028 roga soga bhaya2029 talai2030 | mana vamchita savi punyaim 2081 phalai2032 || 303 || punyai 2033 kirati meru 2034-samana 2035 | punyai 2036 udaya2037 vijaya kalyana 2038 punya2089-tanu 2040 garuu2041 guna gaja | punyaim pamium 2042 vali nala2043 raja || 304 || kari2044 nhavana gandhodaka 2045 puri | kesari camdani kusumi2046 kapuri2047 nagara2048-mahi2049 sakalatta2050 sarupa jina2051-cei2052 pujai2053 nala-bhupa 2054 || 305 || mamdavai tava sattukara | jina mamdira mamdara giri2055.phara tiratha ratha jatra saviveka | karai karavai rau aneka || 306 || naca gita rasabhoga abhamga | bhogavatau2056 sobhaga saramga2057 varasa sahasa bahu palai2058 raja | davadamti sarisau 2059 nala raja || 307 || eka divasa 2060 tava avi deva | nisadha kahai2001 nala-naim suni heva2062 mumki visaya2063-rasabhoga vilasa | adari samjama2064-sama 2065-rasa vasa || 308 || bhavavana 2066-mahi2067 visaya rasa cora | dhana viveka 2068 lusamti kathora 2069 te navi rasai je apanaum 2070 | kahi-na2071 kisium 2072 tasa 2073 ksatripanaum 2074 || 309 || camcala jovana 2075 dhana2076 samsara | visa-jima visaya dukha bhamdara jiva na bhoge2077 tripata thaim 2078 | punya2079-papa be sathiim jaim2080 || 310 || ima pratibodhi gayu2081 sura2082 saggi2093 | nala mana2084 cadiu mahavairaggi2085 vani guru avya jani2086 taya2087 | vamdeva rau2088.rani gaya2089 || 311 || vamdiya nali2090 puchiu nija puvva | bhava sambamdha 2091 kahai2092 guru savva munivara dudha dani taim patta2093 | bharatakhamdi raja iga chatta2094 || 312 || bara ghadi samtapiu sadhu 2096 | vara 2096 varasa2097 tini2098 viraha agadhu 2099 ema2100 suni nali pukkhala putta2101 | thapiya raji sabala gunajutta2102 || 313 || davadamti sarisaim 2103 guru-pasi | lidhau2104 samjama2105 mana ullasi2106 behu 2107 pamc'acara vicara | palaim210s pamca mahavvaya2109-sara || 314 || samiti2110 gupati uvasama samvega | samvara dama2112 samtosa vivega2113 veyavacca vinaya suya2114-bhatti215 | arahaim2116 behu2117 jahasatti2118 || 315 || avara divasi2119 nala maharisi citti2120 | jagi2121 visaya2122. ramga asatti2123 tau2124 viveka samvara samavaim2125 | anasana lidhaum tini muniraya2126 || 316 || kala2127 kari sohamma surimda | bhamdari sobhaga amamda huu dhanada 2128 namiim2129 sura'sara | sukha2130-lila2131 bhogavai apara || 317 || davadamti pani2132 niraticara2133 | paliya2134 bhaviim samjama2135.bhara2136

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321 VOL. 40, PT. 4, 1950] NOTES TO TEXT dhanadadeva-naim devi hui jhilai jhajhai2137 sukha bhari jai || 318 | Il thavani | devi cavi hui pedhalaya 138. purapati213. haricamda bhumipalaya140 beti kanakavati kumyari2141 raim?142 tasa2143 saimvara mamdaviu dhanada lokapati pani tihim146 aviu parivariu2146 amari amari tini?:47 parini2148 vasudeva manohara2149 yadava bhogaviu2160 cira sukhabhara2151 baravati nagari jaiya ghari-ji12 chatam bharathesara-ni pari bhavana bali2154 pam 218 kevala 13 siri2167. kanakavati mugatiim2158 gaiya || 319 | te pani dhanada imdra bhamdari meru-jema thira?18 samakita dhari jina Sasana2160 jaya'sirikarana2161 thova bhavamtara-mahi pakhaliya2162 sayala kamma appana2163 ujjuyali2164 hosii siva2165 lachi'ramana2165 || 320 | samakita dana2167.sila2168-tapa bhavana2169. mula dharma ini2170 karani2171 pavana2172 avicala ramgiim adarau2173-e ahobhavika2174.jana2175 jima sura naravara176 padavi Siva'sukkha?177.sampada'sumdara sarvasiddhi2178 nija kari karau2179-e || 321 || Sri'amcalagacha'nayaka ganadhara guru Sri'jayakirati surisara jasa 2180 nami2181 nasaim2182 durita tasu2183 sisa risivarddhana suriim2184 kiu2185 kavita mana2156 anamdapuriim2187 nala-raya davadamti carita ll samvata panara?188 barottara vase citrakutagiri2189 nagara nivase 2100 sri'samgha adari2191 atighanai-e e-u carita182 je bhanaia bhanavai riddhi'vrddhi'sukha'uchava avaideg194 nita2195 2 mamdiri2196 tasa2197-tanai-e || 322 || iti Sri'risivardhana?19. suri krtam Sri'nala davadamtiw.caritam2200 sampurnam01 || eka sapta catuh samkhya || 481 ||2202 samti sloka vilokitah2203 || prakrte2204 nala vrte-u pratyekaksara'samkhyaya 2206 || subham bhavatu2206 1P om arham srigola ma svamine namah; B om ssripujyasripasacamdasurigurubhyo namah. - Hoduhah, B omits. * B dhanyasi. H seyala. SB samti. .B jinesa. * BP Sila. * The compound continues past the caesura. 'B su parisa. 10 B cariya. 11 B pavilla. 11 B R . 18 B nasimu. 14 B caritta. 15 B majjhari. 18 B samgama. 17 B namii; P naminim. 18 P dhana. 19 P karamim. 20 B ruyadu; P ruyadau. 21 B nami. 2 B patarimai. * B tasa. 3 HP saguna. * B saruva, H suruva.. 96 HP savesa. NOTES 27 B havai. 53 B asukana, H asakuna. 2 B jama, P vijana (for navi 54 BP mamhi. java). * H pumna, P puninyao. 2 B omits. 56 H hi. 30 B punya (and inserts paku- 57 B vikhya mta. vai before patamara), H 5 B mahasati. puminnaha. 59 P jima jima. 31 B eni. 60 B sunii. B paradhi, P paradhii. 61 H chaka. # B mani. P lima tima. HB vinoda. B jagai, H vadhai. 35 BH sara. 6 B omits. 36 B sarasiu, H saum. 6 B vichohyau. # BH nisariu. 66 B samtapiu. 3 B narasai. 6 B karatam, H karani. 30 B avatu. 6 B rsi. 40 B Sila-sunaha. 69 H mili. 41 BH omit. 70 Stanza 7 is to be repeated 42 B samjima. here. P pumnyao, B omits. 45 B saha. 71 Brsi. 4 B te. 72 B te-u, Pje-u. 45 B dithai. 73 B prasana. 46 P omits. 71 H kuam. 47 B laha. 75 B rami. 45 B bhola panai. 76 BH puchai. " B tenai (omits pani), H pani 7 B kahai. Comits tini). 78 B kiha, H kihim. 50 P narajahi. 79 B rahu. 51 P mani. 80 HP dharmma. 62 B manniu. 81 B tamha, P tumhe. 82 B keru, P karau. # BP omit. 84 B rsi. sa B jatu. & P jinasara. MB satha. 57 P vachohiu. SE B ham, P . * B la mhe. * P dharmmao * B hui. 52 H amtarai. * BP omit. 94 B amharu, H amharai. 15 HP dharmma. " B karum. 97 Bamhe. 5 B jina, H jini. P kai. 100 B enai. 101 B jina. 101 B kahu. 100 P kurana. 10 BP omit. 106 H inserts d. 106 B rsi. 107 P page. 108 B lagi. 109 B sa mavai, P khamavaim. 110 B te-1

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322 BENDER: THE NALARAYADAVADANTICARITA (TRANS. AMER. PHIL. SOC. 111 H vari. 112 H aniya. 113 B sudha ahara. 114 B apara. 116 H nai. 116 B pahulu, P prahutan. 117 B asta pada. 118 P trahi. 119 B ramini 120 B palai. 121 H ajema, B ajamma. 122 B susauai, P susavayam. 123 BH dhammma. 124 B samnadhi, P samnidhii. 125 B sasanadevi. 1250 B lapai, H tanim. 126 B anamdai. 197 B ghanai. 19 B karau yan. 12 Pjena. 130 B sovana, H suvamn. 131 B cadavai. 182 B jina. 133 B nai. 131 B dhanya, P dhamna. 136 B bahu. 136 HP kariya. 137 P pahuli. 138 BH omit. 139 B vastuh. 140 B ra 14. 111 H raniya. 142 B parinamma, P parina mam. 143 B samjima. 144 BH nivada. 145 B machita, H michatu. 146 H dharmma, P dharmmam. 107 B bahulau, H bahu. 145 B radhi. 149 B amti. 160 B baliim. 151 B pahutam. 159 B suraloya. 153 B bhogavai. 154 H punnaha. 156 B joya. 156 B omits. 157 P inserts: aghava phagafala. 168 B omits. 169 B radhi-rasarupa, H riddhi sarupa. 100 BH susa. 161 NP pumnya. 162 B hoyo. 163 Phuim. 164 B punya. 165 B punya. 106 P karai. 197 B koyo. 168 B reads: jambudivaha bha raha, P jambudiva vara' bharaha. 169 B khila. 170 B poyanapura. 171 B upanu, Papamnau. 172 B ma manaha, HP mammma naha. 173 H javi. 174 B mamdira, H mamdiri. 17% B xa mi. 176 B omits. 212 H nayariya. 177 B tasa. 243 B man hai. 178 B dhana'kalata, H kalatra. 944 H kosa, P kosalaya. 179 B dhamsariya. 215 B jato. 180 B prasadhi. 246 H roja. 181 B sobhagi. 247 B tiham, H tihi. 182 B samidhi. 945 B rasa hadeva. 192 HP ika. 249 B kuli. 14 BH divasa. 250 B nikhadha. 195 B pahutau, P pahuto. 261 B guhurima. 186 B ghana. 252 H taste. 187 B sarasamtai. 263 B sumdari-e. 188 B mamhi. 254 H sudara. 189 B chato. 255 B samni, P khyani. 190 B kausaga. 22 B rupa. 191 B sadha. 257 H janii. 112 B chalra. 255 B jasi, H jamsu. 193 H dharaim. 250 B mudhari. 191 H tasu. 360 B vamni. 196 P sacava. 261 B saragi, Psarga. 196 BH raste. 38 B cavi. 197 B omits. 23 B damna. 194 H sasaga, B reads remainder 31 B punyai, P pumnyaim. of half-line: kausagga rahiu 356 B upanu. sadha. 256 B reads the half-line: catu19 B amuiya. rapanai nija pura purasi. 200 B mandari. 357 B lasa. 201 B vahurivai. 218 H tayariin. 209 H tasu. 280 B dhanu. 203 B sudha. 270 H omits hisa, B reads: duha. 904 B dudha. 271 B karum. 205 B sakalata ha. 272 B desarasau, P divaravau. 206 BH bhari, B numbers this 273 B damna. line 19. 24 B ramni, Peni. 207 B rakhiya. 275 B raya. 208 H tasu. 276 P sa pramana, H suprama209 H si sain. nam. 210 H dhammo, P dhamo. 277 P aha, B reads the half-line: 211 B arihamla. uttama haya gaya pakhi. 219 B japai, P karai. 28 H gahe. 213 B kari sahalo niya, H salo 279 H bari. niya. 290 B nasi. 214 HP jammo. 381 B jayau. 215 B omits. 282 B rau. 216 B daha. 283 B karain. 217 B palai. 254 B hait, H hii. 218 HP khariya. 285 B maya, P mayu. 210 B sunai. 286 B soha. 290 P sugaru. 287 H karaviei. 221 H sacavaim. 288 B diijai, H dijaim. 999 H nanamim. 289 B damna, P danna. 993 B abhimamna. 290 B torani. 294 B sasai, HP ahe sava ya. 291 B uchalai. 226 H dhama, P dhamma. 22 B vajai. 236 B seva ya. 290 B nisamna. 227 B cari. 294 B barida, H viruda. 228 HP leiya. 296 B dii. 229 P carita. 296 B gavai, H gaim. 230 B sata. 297 H jeya. 221 B savisalo. 298 B sabada-ja, H omits. 212 B hemavai. 299 B reads the half-line: nija 21 B upanu, Hupamna. nayara majjhari. 234 B yugala. 30 B kunai. 235 B parinamma, H parinami. "I B damna, H dana. 2 B vasesai. 302 B samtosai. 237 Phii ua. 303 H sajana, H sajana. 21 H resimim. 239 H reads for this and the next 306 B namma. word: bauvasa, P chattau. 306 B namdana. 210 B havai. 307 B pasi. 241 B manohara. 308 P jimam. 309 B sobhagai, H sobhagii. 310 B agala. 311 B bahutari. 312 B bhanai. 313 H omits. 314 B vakhamnai, H vakhanai. 315 B navata tva. 316 B sa yana, H dhama. 317 B chatrisa. 318 H tani. 319 H sudai. 320 H panai. 331 B niya. 32 H puuvam. 323 B parasi. 821 H cukarai, P cukaim. 525 B kubara, H kuvara. 326 B nihamna. $27 H bhayana, P bhoi. 82 B yauvana, Pjuvana. 32 H nalam, P na. 330 P dija im. 311 B havai. 330 H yatah. 393 P bhadaraham. 234 B janma, H jama. 335 B mai. 396 B bihu. 337 B janai. 358 B tanu. 339 B sasevi, P samsevi. 310 B havai. 341 H avataru, P avatamra. 342 B havai, H omits. 313 B ulaladhala, H uladhala, Pulaladhala. 311 B sramgara. 315 B kumdana puri. 3 BH raja. 317 B karai. 318 B tiham. 319 B raurauta, H rauta. 350 B ramni. 361 H tasu. 362 B puphadamli, H puppha damti. 353 B sutiya. 354 H nisi, B nasao. 365 B gheri. 366 B samanaim, P sumina. 367 B rampi, H ranim. 355 B kahiu. 359 B vihaminai. 310 Brau. 361 B nija. 312 B budhi. 362 B vinunai, P namnaim. 364 P joi. 365 H taste. 366 B phala. 367 P naravaim. 368 B hosai, P hosiim. 369 BP chori. 370 B suta. 371 BP kahata. 372 B e. 373 B ramni. 374 P puthiim. 375 B nagara. 376 B phari. 397 B gahiu, P gaha gahi. 301 Be.

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VOL. 40, PT. 4, 1950) 378 B aviya, H aviya. 379 B rdu. 380 B rau, P ra. 381 P karaim. 32 B pare. 153 B reads for the compound: ramiya. 381 B saragi. 385 B caviya, H thaki. 346 B tavatariya. 387 B dharmii. 38 B dina. 380 B beti. 390 B jaiya. 391 B diya. 399 B manina. aga B mere. 394 B samanna. 396 H stukta. 396 B jhamali. 397 B upanum, P u panam. 398 B yabhali, H bhagiim. 390 B janma. 400 H tasu. 401 B jagi. 402 P moha. 3 B samana. 401 Bramma. 405 H tasu. 405 B nanima. 407 B dina. 408 B ripai. 409 B 2. 410 B varisiya. 411 B jamma. 419 H padavai. 413 B tamma. 41 H supili. 415 P adhara. 416 B devi avatara. 417 H vimana. 415 B jamina. 419 BH joi. 420 B jina 421 B navatala. 432 H samakila. 423 H ariham. 421 H karaim. 425 H gurunya. 4 B yovana, P juvani. 427 B prabhavai e. 428 B sasanadevati. 429 H asadhai. 4:30 BH omit. 1 B tinci. 412 B gahi gahi, H gahiya. 413 B afhadasa. Y POWD. 435 B ativaraha. 436 B cima. 437 P manasa. 438 P sacaracara. 430 B visyaya, H vikhyata. 446 B giruu, H guruya. 411 BH sa moara. 449 B jutia. 443 BH omit. 44 B bahari. 415 P ghina. 416 P bhima. 47 B karasai. 323 NOTES TO TEXT 445 B rayam, H rayaha. 612 B gahigahamti, Pgahagahata. 570 B natthaya. 449 B mamdavai, P madaviu. 613 B kai. 580 S cimtavata. 450 B dahi. 514 BH majuna. 681 BH save. 515 P pahiriya. 582 B 451 B sona, P rupa. reads this half-stanza: 454 B bhimti. 516 B srmgara, H sinagara. sakhi dharata alighana 453 Stanza 7 is to be read. 517 B ripai, H rupiim. khamti re; H sakhi dharata 4 B omits. 618 B tejai, H teju. mani aticitta; S sakhi dharata 456 P mani. 619 B jhalakamli, P jhalakam- alikhamti aticitra. 456 B sathi. tam. 583 HPS omit. 457 B kumalum, P kialaum. 520 B samhasani, S begins here. 584 B lakhita, H lasita, P likhite. 455 B rupe. 521 B tiham. 585 B ghari. 450 H kamta. 522 B niramda, H naremda. 546 BH joi, Sjoyaim. 460 B 17. 528 BS omit. 587 B omits. 461 B talum, P lalam. 534 B pafuli. 588 H vara naraham. 082 B thambha. 525 BH omit this part. 589 BH nisuu. 483 B rada, H ruyadya. 5 B anamdaim, H anamdiim, 590 B kuamri, PS kuyari. 464 B catura, H citra. Sanamdii. 501 B tujha. 4 B lasya. 527 H samimuara. 542 B bivaha. 466 B siadam. 828 B writes sasi through stanza 54 BH namilta. 46 B jeha. 57. 541 B sa ya msari. 468 B diskai. 529 S pujiya. 516 B jihat. 469 H manirali. 550 P jinasiri, S jinisari. 596 B citi. 470 B rupi. S51 B samta re. B ends every 697 B samsamara pura naha. 471 B jhumbani. half-line with re through 66. 598 B subaha. 472 B jhamali. 512 B amiga. 599 B camdaraya, H camdaraju. 475 B pafa. 330 B srmgara. 600 B ikhagakula. 474 B camdrua, H camduya. 501 B hui. GO1 B nara. 475 B cusala. 535 B manimai. 602 HPS somadeva. 476 B mamhi. 50 BH motiya. 603 B nara pati. 477 B pharata, H kirala. 597 B ali. 602 B baradavali, P birumdavali, 478 B lahilahami. 638 B kamthalum, Skamthulu. S birada. 479 B simhasana. 630 BHP mesala. 605 B racai. 480 B cusala. 510 B udhani, H cadi. 606 H tasu, P tasa. 481 P parimala. 541 HS caru, P cara. 807 P jujui. 482 P kamduka. 519 HPS niliya. 608 Bhavai, H writes before 483 B sobhakara. 513 B patuladi. this: hivata. 484 B manimai. 544 B neuri rana. G09 BS tu. 485 B bari. 545 Stanza 56 is to be repeated. 610 BHS ghana. 486 Almost half of this stanza is 546 B omits. 611 B omits, PS imdrabhui. lacking in H which reads: 54 B camdrana. 612 B omits, PS bhudeva. mahamahamta parimala 548 H kesaru. 615 P vili, S bali. suvisara manimaya torana 549 B ketaki. 614 BS insert e. mandita bara 580 B mahimahi, S mahamahai. 615 B rsibhadeva. 487 HP manika. 561 H hemavai. 616 B samtana; B writes tu and 488 B lahalahai, P jhahalaim. 62 H cali. S2 at the end of each line 480 B lahala hamti. 663 B niramda. of 72 and 73. 490 P rivi. 554 H dhiya. 617 Bodesa. 491H sara. 355 P lacchi. 618 B havia, H hivai. 492 B pathavai. 656 B sveta, H setta. 619 B nikhidha raya. 493 BP salesa. 557 B sari. 690 B bahumamna, P bahumanii. 494 P tadavei. 568 B vajitrai. 621 B nikhidha. 496 P vesa. 569 BH gadaadai. 692 PS lanan. 623 Ba. 496 H writes this quarter-line 560 B bimdana. twice. 561 B stuti. 621 B nammi, Pnama. 197 B suguna. 42 B damina. 625 HS kumaru. 498 H surupa, P surupa. 563 P dhata. 636 B suguna. 6 499 B sumjamna. 564 B ani. B vara. payan. 6. Usos. Tatayo. 29 B nami, Hnamii. 501 B jilla. S S mamhi. 502 B sathai, H sathaim. 367 R rayam. 616 B tanu-e. 503 B sumjatta, H reads for the WP nyaga. 631 B reads here and elsewhere: quarter-line: nala kukaraya 569 P nahim. samjutta. 570 BS miga 632 B tujha. 633 B mani. 504 B nasadhao 571 P jetthi. 605 B omits, H puna. 672 B kari. 631 HS catura. 506 B pahuta. 573 BH insert here kidham. 685 S cadavi. W Batarai. 514 PS jagaha. S nirisi. 637 B nidhe. 508 B writes 2. S'S BH sudhai, S suddhai. 509 B havii. 576 BH bhavi, P bhaim. 63 B sohi. 510 B mahurata. 577 B turani, P tarani, S taruni. 639 P puravabha. 810 B tau. 511 B dina. 578 B sadhi, H suddhi. tu

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[TRANS. AMER. PHIL. SOC. * 324 BENDER: THE NALARAYADAVADANTICARITA 641 H Mama. 70 B reads: ali vighana savi jai; 774 H melatai, S melaviu. H maha. S omits the half-line. 776 B josiya. 645 B loyane. 700 BS omit this line. 776 B reads remainder of half644 B ghatai. 710 B havai. line: vadhi sahui sacavai e. 645 B atikamthi. 711 HS sajana. 777 B gelaim, P gelimim. 646 B ghanumya, H 178 BS gai, P gain, tihi, P 112 PS harisia. ghana. 713 B dujana. 779 BH dhulahi, S dhalahi. 60 B sahiya. 714 H hiya. 780 BHS pasali. 648 Bhu. 75 PS save. 781 B phari. 649 B vanni. " B kumara, H kramyara, P Te H raya. 788 B payyakkne. 650 PS anamdiyu. kamara, Skuyara. 651 S nisani. 717 B cadiu. 7 B moti. 662 B havai. T18 P gahaki. 786 B bahu. 853 B 786 B damna. raya. 71 B dola. 854 H kiyara, S kumara. 790 B dadadadi. 787 HB dii. 66 B udampa. 721 H uliu, Puchalium. 786 P raja. 656 B paramai. 712 B damna. 789 B haii, H hii. 57 B koya. 123 B rasoya, Prasai. 790 H ladiya. 658 B turana, P tarana. 75 PS nimpaiim. 791 B lei. 60 B mumke. 736 B pakaramina. 792 B aviu, H diu, Saiyu. 666 P davadamti. 756 S sajara. 792 Butara ya, Putarai, Sutarai. 61 S sini. 7 B seve, S save. 754 BH gaiu. 6 B dagamti. 718 B posiya, P posii. 796 B davadami. 663 B 79 B gharacei. tu . 720 B paraghala. 664 B thaisi. 70 HP raro. 797 H caha, S liha. 666 P mujha. 41 B cai, PS gaai. 798 B thanai. 6 B reads the last half-line: 112 Bomamdari, S mandira. 799 BH kidhu. tu re majjha dai-nai jhujha. 1 B oraya. 300 B bihur. 667 B valatu. ** B vivahi, P savahiya. SO B vevahi. 665 B nisadha e namdana. 736 B aratha. 809 B gurard. 669 HPS prasamina. 736 B kodi. 849 Stanza 7 is to be read here; 670 B jaya. 797 B vivahaladhala, H vivahala- B omits. 611 B 104 B omits. tu . dhala, P vivahaladhala. 872 B 806 H kaya. tu. 788 Bodivasa. 6 H kami. 739 B havai. 800 H vacani. 807 B valiu. 674 B rosai. 740 B bahu, H ve u. 808 H sisamana, Psisamani. 675 P bhari. 141 B naparavii, S nhabiviim. 676 B varsa, H viruam, Spiruma. a P behem, S vikum. 809 B diya, P di. 67 B lasina. 70 Hamrati. 810 B chamdasi. 6 811 B piya ni bhatti. B tu . 74 B riti. 679 B nahi. 74 B utarii, Pupatariin. 812 H masi, P samiu. 690 B jana. 746 B para neud. Sis B uchaka, P cuka. 681 B vacaksina, P vicaksam. 747 Baviu, HS avaim. 814 B niramda, P nirimda. 815 B divasa. 682 B aluka. 718 B jhalahalai, Hjhalahailaim. 816 B nisa lima. * P omits. HB havai. 700 BHS nahi. 617 B narasi, H nirasi. 68 Bhai 751 B kami. 818 B talika ha kamti. 68 S hasiu. 718 S udki. 819 B tenai. 67 B reads the half-line: i ham 753 B mahimahii, HP mahai. B desti. 1 B susai. kosai tujha hari. 76 B haidalai, S hiyadai. 68 B jaya. 766 B gahigahii. B mikhadha. 823 B kumara, S kunyaru. 60 H omits. 756 B malai. 690 H reads: cha tau tha ubhauu 787 BS aphalai. 824 H na bhaga, S sabhaga. pachai. T# B bimdana, H bamdini, S 825 B vidha. 691 Borosai. bamdina. 6 B rsi. 60 P bahi. 780 P jaya jaya. R27 B gunahi, P gunihi. sa s nisariya. 898 B samidhi. 700 H ficaraim, P uccaraim, S 64 B dala. uccarai. 829 B tasa, P buhu. 830 S kisara. 686 H jhujhari, S jhumjhara. 762 P krami krami. 821 P nagari. 696 H hatthiara. 762 B sahu aghuns, H aghum. 697 H thaa. 763 HS torani. $32 B aviu. 833 B raya. 688 HS jala. 764 B aviu, H aviyu. 834 B harasiu. # B nami. 766 B vidhi, S vidhai. 700 B raya, Soraja. 766 B vadhaviu, H vad havii. 836 B samaudya. 836 P pasarai. 701 B e kamfau, H ukamfhau. 767 SB ladi. 702 B kari. 768 B haii, S hiyai. 837 BH guni, s puni. 703 B pamiya. 70 H race. 538 S sahuai. 704 H lagi. 770 H tedaviu. 899 H thavarai. 706 B khamarai. 771 B hapai, Shivai. S60 Boyovana, PS jtsana. 706 B fasanadevi pasai. 772 H hathiim. 841 P beku. 707 P save. 71 H dagha. si P socaga. novo # B nihamna, P nikyana. * B reads for the half-line: rasa ramai hidola heli. 846 BP nasa disa. 846 B omits hiva, H reads:duhau. 847 B ana, H anam, Samnna. 48 B karai. Ho Boraya. 800 B va yaraga, H vairagi. 851 B lidhu, H lidhum. # B samjimabhara. 5 P raja. 854 B suranga. 845 H reads the half-line: veta deda abhamga. 866 S vali. 87 B pachai. 868 B nisadha tamhe, H tumha 850 B samidha. 30 B tamhe, HS tumhi. 31 H sayalau, S saghalau. 862 B bhogava, P bhogavi. 863 B bharaadha. 864 S timhari. 866 B d na. 80 B pana. 867 BS nahi. # B kudamba. # B ju, Pja. 870 HS visi, Pasa. 871 B omits, H sayala. 877 BH jaya. 873 B pahilum, P palaum. 874 HS pesiya, P pasiya. 875 B raya, PS raim. 878 B mamnai. 577 B padahu. 878 Read stanza 7; B omits, S punyao 879 B thai; H reads the quarter line: tava nala salasena-sitem jai. 880 B vitum, H vitaim, P vimtai. 881 B tikhasila pura, P taksisila pura. 8 B tu. 883 B bahari. 884 B reads the half-line: vikata kataka rosai parivarin; H rosiim vikata ka para variu; P vikata kataka parivariyu. 885 B bai. 886 P kada mbe. 887 B sabaladilii. 888 H jhujhu. 880 B reads the half-line: tete nala raya dii avilamba. 890 B balai, S balii. 81 B tu. en B vilau, H camliu. 893 B veeka. 894 BH makiyam. 896 HPS sium. ** B marum, P omits. 897 S bahubali. 89 B tariin. 890 B tu. 100 B te lai, Ptolai. yol B samjima. WH taste. 23 B lagi, P laga. 74 P cyara.

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VOL. 40, PT. 4, 1950] 904 B havai, S hivai. 905 B karatu, P katau. 906 B parasamsa. 907 H tasu. 908 B kidha. 909 B pravesa, H pravesa. 910 B gadaidamta. 911 S nisana. 912 B niresa, H neresa. 913 B bharaadha niramda | rajabhakheka karai sanamda. 914 B dhoi bheda ghata jujui; H dhoia...; P dhoaim prudhale bheta jujui; dhovai pudha bhata jujur. 915 P bhima bhui. 916 B udbhata, H adabhatta, S adabula. 917 B cusala. 918 H kala, S nara. 919 B lobha. 920 B joi nita 2 phiri, P joi ni phiri phiri, S joai nira phiri phiri. 921 H karuu, BP kaduum. 922 B camdra, S camdi. 923 B saru jala pamka; H reads half-line: rayanarara gharau nali pamka. 924 B gunamai. 925 B juaruhadi. 926 B vahi kana, S bihi jana. 927 S divasi. 928 P omits stanza 121. 929 S seda madamba dronamusa gama. 930 B kanai. 931 B kekamna kanaka kothara. 932 H nala hara prana vijanai sarava, P nala haranai na vijanai sara. 933 B raya. 934 B num, PS kiha naum. 935 P rovareum kihanaum navi karai. 936 B kahu kamni. 987 H suni. 938 B lajadi, H lajjidi, S lajudi. 139 P jhamam. 940 H drauha, B droha. 941 B vayari. 942 B khina adhakhina. 943 B adhalum, P amdhala, S amdhalau. 944 B tu. 945 B varasai, P varisayam, S varisaya. 946 H di, S diya. 947 V pana. 948 B tanum kahi, H tanamum kahika. 949 B kumna kaja. 900 B uparajium, SP upariji. 951 B radhi, H dhana. 162 B jaya. 963 S jivatam. 164 H vaya. 955 P tanaum, B omits the line. 966 H davadamtiya. 957 B mammai e raya tu. B adds tu to every stanza through 135. 958 B omits. 949 PS ramka. NOTES TO TEXT 900 H seriya. 961 S omits. B reads the line: navi chutai raya naim ramka tu bhava seri samkadi e. 942 HB amvagani. 963 H jhurai e daiva, S jurae daiva. 964 B omits this stanza. 965 Read here the stanza starting: tau karmagati.... 966 SP bhimiyaim. 967 B amga abharana, H amega bharana, S amgaharana. 968 PS harae, B savi. 969 B hari. 970 S hau. 971 B utarai, H omits. 972 B srmgara, H samgara. 973 B ladhuya, H ladhulu. 974 B nithara. 975 B ima. 976 B amhariya bhomi tu. 977 B udhanum. 978 HS uthium. 979 P gali, S vethali. 980 B tum. 981 B puthai. 982 S jati bhimi. 983 H kubada, S kuvara. 984 B jipi hati. 985 Read stanza 7. 986 B avaveka. 987 H javadai. 988 B janaka. 989 H tasu. 990 BS sahu. 991 B rasasi, SP rasisi. 992 B kimai paramni. 993 H tu. 991 B hosai. 985 niscaim, P niscim. 996 B hamni. 997 B davadamti. 998 H hathi. 999 B vacani. 1000 B eni, H ina. 1001 B lachi tiji. 1002 B asi. 1003 B achya havi. 1004 S heta. 1005 B cadiu. 1006 PS puri. 1007 B mamhi. 1008 B utthapi. 1009 B reads the half-line: balavamta nara naim bhavathi isi. 1010 B juu, P jiau, S joyau. 1011 B vahiracana. 1012 B vani. 1013 BS hutum. 1014 S jani. 1015 Pinserts in error: sala dhani avara na ko ima bhaksa bhani. See st. 143. 1016 B utamga, H utumga. 1017 B halavasai, P halavisii. 1018 B nagara. 1019 B bhogavasai, H bhogavisii. 1020 B bhara addha, H harahaddha. 1021 B su. 1022 S humta jui. 1023 H kesala, S kosana. 1024 H writes in error: avara na kosala dhani. 1025 Be, Simma. 1026 SP bhasya. 1027 B hosai vati. 1028 P nai. 1029 B omits. 1030 P nahim. 1031 B juvaraja, Snivyaji. 1032 B sasium. 1033 BS huai. 1034 B jasiu. 1035 B hoya. 1036 P vila. 1037 B jagu, P jagau, S jagai. 1038 H pumnya. 1089 B mahamta. 1040 H muni, P sukhi. 1041 B vacani. 1042 B bahari. 1043 B vali. 1044 BHS vacana. 1045 B maha atavi. 1046 B te paitham, P to. 1047 B jamma. 1048 B luseva tamma. 1019 B lei. 1060 B puthii. 1061 B deva. 1012 B tini, P taniim, S tinai. 1053 B hum karai, H humkkara. 1054 B mumkavvevi, P melhivi. 1065 B pachale, P pachali. 1056 B sulimdhu, P sulidhau, S sudha lidhau. 1067 H jhambadidhala. 1068 B padharum. 1069 B susa, P sura. 1060 B hoya. 1061 B rdhi tanu. 1062 B garavu. 1063 B karu. 1064 B koya. 1065 Read stanza 7. 1066 P pagi pagi. 1067 B ramni, P purani. 1068 B sumhalada, H sumada lada, S sualadam. 1069 S kacora. 1070 B tani. 1071 B jharahara, H jhara 2. 1072 B vahii, H huya. 1073 B aghora. 1074 H atighanu. 1075 B akaru. 1076 B luana. 1077 P kromai, S kromoim. 1078 B tarasi. 1079 B naramda, P nerimda. 1080 B sina. 1081 B dude, H dumbe. 1082 B pai, PS paai. 1083 H nira. 1084 B pata, H paya. 1085 H bamdhai. 1086 B kari. 1087 S calavatau. 1088 P vali vali di. 1089 HS atighana, P alighamna. 1000 P joana. 1091 BH su. 1092 H vali. 1003 B joyana. 1094 B satharu, H sadharu. 1005 B aradhum. 1096 B udhanum. 1007 H padharai. 1098 H jina. 100 B dhyamna. 1100 P baitha. 1101 H sasura. 1102 B athara, H adhari. 1103 P ji. 1104 B jiva. 1105 P lavai. 1106 P puri. 1107 B tu, H tuu. 1108 P majha. 1109 B kema jaivum. 1110 B havai. 111 B haidum, P hiyau, Shium. 1112 B gadhum. 1113 HP muki. 1114 H jahi. 1115 BS nahi. 1116 H tittha. 1117 B sanadhi, S sanidhi. 1118 BP davadamti. 325 119 BS viruu, H viruum. 1120 B hoyasai, P hoisi, H hosii. 1121 HPS satiya. 1122 B sacu, P saceu. 1123 B reads the half-line: puvvakammma vasi e huu. 1124 B ema 2 parinamma, H ema eha parinama. 1125 B lakhi. 1126 B rahiri, H rudhiriim, S ruhiriim. 1127 B devi. 1128 P kopiya, S kapiya. 1129 B udhanum. 1180 B videsa. 1131 P valiu. 1132 B omits. 1133 B cimtabhari, P citabhari. 1134 B gadherau kaliu. 1135 B vihamnii, P vihanei. 1136 Read stanza 7. 1137 B phuli, P paliya. 1138 B phati. 1139 BP arahi. 1140 H suphala. 1141 B vanagaja, H vanigaji. 1142 B anamuliu. 1143 S amou. 1144 H bhui, S bhuim. 1145 H havi duhau. 1146 Bi. 1147 B saminum, S suminau. 1148 P jahi. 1149 H citavai. 1150 B dahu dasi, S disi. 1161 B sammium.

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326 BENDER: THE NALARAYADAVADANTICARITA (TRANS. AMER. PHIL. SOC. 1357 P patha 1162 B jinamda, and omits the remainder. 1163 H omits this line. 1104 PB kasium 1165 B ni panu daiva, Snipanaum. 1156 H aciraju. 1167 B mofum bhayum e. 1158 Paramina. 1159 H mumki isium, P mumkaya saum, S mmkiya sium. 1160 B naha ima, P nyahai. 1161 B saravari e gaya. 1162 B hasai, H husii, S humssii. 116 B pasalava, H pasaliva. 1164 B priyadu, V priyadau. 1115 Bjarnya. 1156 B pani. 1167 B bheu, P lai. 1168 B arvata. 1169 B hosai, Phoisii. 1170 B ruyadu. 1171 B majha kasium. 1172 B iniin. 1173 H karanaum, P kararum. 1174 B mala patu naviu e, Sadds e. 1178 B afavi e ete bhiimi, H atapi etaha uite blami, S bhumi. 1176 B tardivari. ITT Bika. 1178 B sahija. 1179 B sandari. 1180 B ima. 1181 H tasu. 1182 BH sambharium. 1188 B samaya, P samina. 1184 B ambalau e prii nala raya, P ambaluu priya nala rau Tajam. 1186 P anu, Samu. 11M B sarium. 1187 S kovara. 1185 P grahira, S suhira. 1289 B turi. 1190 B je bhomi. 1101 B caki, P cikiya. 1190 Shie. 1190 PS roai. 1194 B mumki, P mukiya. 1196 B kedai ekaliya, P tedim ekali-e. 111 P jama. 119 B lati sila jima. 119 B kima e hoyasi daiva. 1190 PS nidhaniyai. 1200 B nidhani amni ramna mamhi. 1201 B e kam, H kam. 120 BH udai. 1998 B adhikum, S adhikaum. 1204 B kahi kahii e, H kahi 2 ha. 120 B visasi e, S visasiya e. 12% B humtii, H kumti, P hum. 1:20 B lagi. 1308 B mofi. 1200 S asauim. 1210 B ulasie. 1211 B kasium, S kisim. 1212 B kula acara, H tulacara. 1218 B niramda, H narahaha. 1214 B uparadha. 1216 B evadu. 1216 B je. 1217 P valavalae. 1218 B balavalai, H vali 2, Svali. 1210 B joyati. 1220 B amsi, Hamsuya. 1221 B loana, Sloyana. 1999 BH jhalahalai. 1998 B havai, H hima. 1294 B amcala. 1225 B desi, desa. 1226 B mimki, H mikiya. 1927 B ramcai, H vacai. 1228 B bhare, P bharai. * S rada. 1230 B doya. 1231 BH kumdanapuri. 1992 B jayasi. 1233 B tasa, H tasu, Stassa. 1934 HP kosalam. 1235 BH tu . 122 B panaha. 1987 B maniranga. 1238 B sevaka jana, H sasaka jima, P savava jima. 1939 H kahili, P tu nhali. 1940 B khami, H pani. 1241 B vadesi jau chaum. 120 B bhani sujani. 120 B eni racane. 134 P gahagahiya. 1945 PS uchahiya. 1246 BS nija. 1247 BH uhasi. 1248 Read stanza 7. 1219 B raksisa. 1960 B amina. 1251 H bhimiim. S bhimii. 1212 B abhai, Sambhi. 1253 B hathi. 1354 B tu. 1255 B maminai sovasamta, Suva samta. 1256 S gunanamti. 1257 H calai vira. 1958 B rasasi ripai parasi. 130 P l thau. 1360 B dayo. 1961 B sima. 1262 B malasai kada sima, H milasii kahi simi. 1968 B cheha malasai. 1964 B suniya. 1915 P thora. 1206 B rakta vastra. 1987 B nahamiya (and omits tamtu), S lanu. 1268 BH malai. 1360 B gari ga pha. 1270 B daradami. 121 B kari pujanai. 1272 P paranaum, S paranau. 1273 B kuale, H kiyale. 1974 BS sarthavaha. 1975 B tihans, P tihim. 1976 B pari. 1977 H havahi, P uchihi. 1978 B thambhaya. 1979 B puchaum. 1280 B devasarupa, S devasurupa. 1981 Brasamla. 1282 H thathium, P thaium. 1255 B tiham, P tihi. 1352 B kanakabhara, H kamcana 118 S saru. bhava, S kanagabhara. 1255 B satthavaha. 1358 B varasi. 1996 B cei. 1354 B niramda, P narimde. 1287 S carn. 166 B dukha, S dusa. 1988 B putra. 1156 B alighanum, S alighanau. 1989 B parani. 1390 B dikha. 1368 B havai. 1291 B jasobhadra. 1319 B sakalata, P sa kalatta. 1202 B pamcama. 1360 B pharitu, P ratas. 1200 S siri. 161 B phulabadua, H kalaba129 B kiu. daya, P phuladu ya. 126 B devi. 1382 B sattukara teni. 129 B pharamta, S phuramti. 1313 B lagu, S lagi. 12B vasamti. 1364 B nai, H naiim. 12 B sari. 135 B kahai turama. 129 B cadi, S cadiya. 1366 H raya, Pra. 1300 P nama in kerala. 1367 B bhamneji na. 1301 H dharmma cu. 1368 B nai sacauai. 1302 HS ta pasu. 139 B jagati. 1303 H kapura, B pura. 1370 B saidchi, H saidehim. 130: P sira. 1371 B raya im. 1305 B vamdi. 1379 S parivari. 1306 B bali, S vila. 1373 S bahuya. 1307 B siddha. 1374 B vacana. 130 B kevala. 1876 P pafhaviya pihara. 1309 B ta pasa disa lidha ulhasi. 1376 B kumdanao, Padds sa. 1 B pura. 1877 B sakama. 1all P kevali guru. 1005 H tasu. 1312 P cu masi. 1379 B moha. 1313 B tikam. 1180 B dhai. 131 HS davadamti. 1381 B nala, P nalahi, S nalahai. 1315 B gahalu, H guhavau. 1382 B vichoha. 1316 B pamthi vaca vinana. 1383 H davadami. 1317 B nehi, PS nehaim. 1284 B dukha, H hukkha. 1318 S nikaliyu jani. 1385 B hosai, S hoisii. 1319 B rani. 1396 BS sampati. 1320 P tirasi. 136 B amni. 1821 B lenai. 1388 P kari. 1822 BS mamhi. 1389 B a para. 1823 B pujamii, H pujamtaim, 1390 B carita. P pujaimtaim. 1291 B jaya tum, Pt. 1301 B eka. 1392 B buli ramina. 135 B tu. 132 H Srasaka. 135 BH vireka. 1394 B avasain, Savisiim. 121 B yogi, Pjagi. 1396 H kai, P kaim. 1396 B kalesa, H kalesu. 139 B tenai susani hui. 1397 B harasyai 1329 PS krami krami. 1330 B nagara. 1398 Pjena garu. 131 BP dai. 139 S bhakti. 1332 B sacamiti. 1100 H karaim, S kariim. 1333 S dethi. 1401 B susai samalti. 1934 B teni, H tini. 1402 H jhabafadhala, Sjhaba135 B magari. dadha. 1396 B ratipuna. 1600 HP java jana. 1337 H tasu. 1904 P jhumralam. 130 S vacana. 1406 B desii. 1389 B te. 1405 P peni. 13:40 P sakhi, BH sasi. 1:07 B ikhaga, Sikkhaga. 151 B pamhi, P pahi. 1405 H m m . 1342 Pulakhi. 1402 B karum, S karau. 1343 B damna', H danao. 140 H reads the half-line: kyu 134 B bahu teni. karam upagara. 1346 B baithi pamgila. 1411 B janamamtari, H jaman2346 B nammi cora tepi rasiu tara. da ya dhari. 1412 B tapa ghanum. 1347 B devaravi. 1413 Read stanza 198. 1345 BS pamhi. 1414 H jana. 1349 B tahi, H lasu. 1415 B pramamni, P pramanit. 1360 H sukharauara. 1416 B lanum, S tawau. 1351 B saragi puhutu. 1417 P omits, Sjanaum.

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327 NOTES TO TEXT VOL. 40, PT. 4, 1950) 1695 P husiim. 1551 H hard. 1418 S sali. 1486 S dudha. 1996 H tenain. 1994 H puhura. 1419 B gahina. 1456 P didha. 1666 HP mamdiu. 1825 B resumes here. 1420 S balatau. 1457 P jimitriu. 16% BH citawai. 1657 P duhau, omits hiva. 1421 B nala. 1488 P omits. 1627 B pachami, H pachimai, S 1668 S mamdiri. 1422 HP tama. 1089 PS karatai. 1569 HS pahi. pascima. 1423 BS omit. 140 P aga. 1698 B kima ya, H omits. 1424 BH tinai. 101 S ige. 1560 S jina dhariu. 1361 P adds pumnyasio (see 1629 B tuhi, PS tohiya. 1425 PS dasiyu. 110 P caga. stanza 7). 1630 B nirimda. , S rai. 1126 B radu. 1448 P ra 152 H gharamu. 1631 H navi. 1427 PS kiyu. 1494 S pamcasai gamma. 1543 PS styra. 1602 S salia. 142 B dasiu, S dasi. 1496 H lidhaum, S lidhau. 154 S mari. 1683 B jaya . 1429 B tenai. 144 H raha. 1545 H tinaim mujha nai niteha 164 BH biji. 1430 B kubadu, H reads the half- 1497 S mamdira. a para. 1835 B vari saya nivarum. line: huu usi tini kubadau. 1498 PS rai. 1366S risoii. 1636 B hosai. 1431 B kalu. 1499 H paisaim, P pasai. 1567 H hamdika, P hudiki. 167 B mai. 12 B karapa. 1500 S udaru. 156 H minda. 16 HS varu. 143 B enai. 10LH tasu. 1569 H nahi. 2639 B acarii tu, H acariim tu. 1434 B enai riipai jaisai. 100 Plunya. 1570 H kai, P kehai. 1640 H kavana ri. 145 P jis. 1505 PS sayara. ISTI P bhrimti. 1641 B calisai, H calisii. 14 B samsai, H citavai. 1504 P nami. 1572 H kusalii. 1642 B girui, H gurui. 147 P phati huu. 1566 P kalya abhyasa. lai3 H rai. 1643 B enai, Sini. 1:38 BH bhasura, S bhasura. 1504 P kumbara. 1574 S baduu. 161 Sahara. 16 B dehi. 107 P vilasa. 1575 P ripa. 1615 H vijaladi. 1400 S bodhai. 1508 HS vanavasi. 1576 H janei. 1645 B jima. 141 P piya. 1509 P ravinu, S vivana. 1677 H ghanum, P ghanau. 167 B sina. 142 B dharau. 1S60 P kumbara kumdaha. 1511 S pamcattu. 1518 H nala pantim. 14 B hosai. 1645 H jiva mlam pagini. 1579 H mai. 1619 B paranai. 1444 B devaha, H dethai, S deva im. 1512 H dakkha. 2560 H kidhum. S kidhau. 1680 B puhuri. 1466 B lapu, Slanan. mas dadhi paminna. 1881 S gana. 1651 H vijjabala. 1446 B nahii, S nahim. 1514 H pritikajja, P pratikajja. 1515 H 1582 H 1802 B pasaya, P pasoi. 14 B omits. tasu. tineim, Stinai. 1516 H hasii. 1568 H didum. 1445 B karamiai, P karamtaim. 1003 P puni. 1584 S dana. 1054 B jaevu, H jaettu, S jaevau. 144P B havada, H hivadam, S 1517 H dudruta. 1518 Havasari. 1595 P lama. hivada. 1055 B hoyo. 1519 PS syaraha. 141 H 114 . 1.630 B te tu karai. 1656 H tasu. 1500 Read stanza 7. 1587 Pama. 1451 B tum, Pli. 1667 B sathai, S sasiim. 1888 P kumbada. 1688 P nau, S bhaim. 1457 S kiyan. 11 P juavau. 1080 B kahit. 1453 B hita heta, S hitu hetu. 1899 H 1949 Shumtau. te u. 1500 P jasa. 1000 BH tu. 141 B kart pa. 128 P nalaut. 1591 H niscaya, S niscai. 1061 B suma. 1455 BS divavastra, H devavasu. 1521 H reads the half-line: hum 1464 B hosai, H hosiim. janaum hum janaum nala 1502 H anauu. 1042 B kumdana puri. 1583 H rayo. 103 H aranodaya. 1457 S suripa. hosii. 145 B ratana. 1505 HS rasoim. 1594 H omits, S din. 1061 B kaamuara. 1801 S bi karaim 1596 H sayansara, S saivara. 1459 H ,Pe, Sim. 1065 B tu harisu. 159 H omits. 1666 P sajja, S saji. 1.060 P chaim, S chai. 17 H anern. 18 H rau, Prii. 159 HS avisii. 1461 B e bei lai, Sve. 1667 BS anaviya, Panaviya. 150 H saya m 1329 H mokaliu, P mokaliya. era. 2008 S turarga. 1462 B tum rasa. 1590 P tapa, H tapana. 1500 Presae, S rasa ya. 1488 H ja, Sjo. 1668 S ratha. BH rauhu. 1600 H stit. 1464 B radi. 160 H cadiyau. 1 1466 H parim, P pariim, S parii. BH kakim. 1001 P kahija, S kahiju. 1671 BS chatrao 1993 P kumbada. 1602 H tai. 1466 B nala. 1672 B surasiu, P sasuya. 1605 H nalu. 1672 H ratna. 3467 B puchai, S puchiu. 114 S dehu. 1536 Satikirpa. 1604 P huja, S huju. 168 B num, P nas. 1074 B baila. 1605 H asari yadi. 1675 B nasakara ja pai humdaka 1469 BH dera dena. At this point 18 Sehu. 1506 S nau ahinana. the folio in B is lacking. cha yala. B resumes at stanza 250. 108 S pataka. 1607 H kahi, S kahiu. 166 B kamni. 1608 S suhiim. 107 H mamiri. 1470 H tast. 1589 H hai, Phui. 1678 B akhira. 101 P pari. 1510 P kart 1605 H sa yamvara, S saitara. 1511 H badaim. S badisim. 1610 H eta. 162 S pari.. 1079 B khedava. 151 H raya. 1511 H agi. 107 Read stanza 7. 1680 BH lagu. 150 H suvii. 1612 P jaya. 104 H tasu mani vamchi. 1651 B ratha caliu jaya. 1475 PS viri. 164 P jima jima. 1618 H janums, Pjanium, Sjanau. 1952 H padiya, P pidi. 154 PS tima tima. 1614 H tu. 1476 S hoim. 1683 BH pachedi. 1615 S ru$0. 1651 B vaya. 107 H drathi. 154 H nithuna. 1478 Pjai. 145 H raharvai, P havahavai. 157 P nijala, S lilaja. 1616 S kathasesa. 1617 Phun4. 1086 S puhavi. 1079 S rain. 1548 HS nala. 1480 PS ra. 1510 B jina. 1618 P juvana, Sjivana. 1087 B tantui. 1619 PS mamdiu. 1885 BS joyaa. 1481 H te. 1850 PS sugadha visasi sovana. 1420 PS mujh'akhamti. 1080 B raya. 1489 H nipum ju. 1861 H miki. 1483 P tu. 1542 PS si yara. 1021 H kali. 1600 BS dekhi. 153 Svaraim. 1 H tasu. 18+ P casai. 1001 B bahida num, H bahedam.

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328 BENDER: THE NALARAYADAVADANTICARITA (TRANS. AMER. PHIL. SOC. 166 B sakisa. 1757 B guruva adara karu. 1816 B lamhe. 1884 P kima, S kimi. 175 S pacchai. 2017 BH sacada. 180 B samsa, H lakha. 1885 B jayasi. 10 B padiyu. 1760 B dharu. 1818 B ledu, H tedau. 1886 B naravahi. 1885 B guniya, H giniya. 1760 BS nai kimai. 1819 BS dadhipana. 1887 B tu. 1806 B kubija, H kubaja. 1761 B vina. 1820 BH risaua. 1888 B paranii. 1027 B kidha samda. 1762 H dithu. 1821 B yovana, PS juvana. 1880 B dakhira. 168 B gahigahi. 1763 B sa yamvara, H saivara. 180 B priu tapu. 1890 S parihari. 109 B asva kala didhi panna 174 B para. 1893 P vijoga. 1891 B tujha kula acara. 1884 B sinna pala. 1 176 B jamnu, Pjinaum, Sjaniu. didha. P kunam. 1700 H ganatakala. 1766 B tamhe, Stumha. 1805 B yoga. 1898 B tai didham dukha agadha. 1767 B boliu chau, H bolu chu. 1826 B Lenai viva hala. 1701 B lidha, H siddha. 1894 B ha mana. 1708 BH udaya. 1768 Sacchai. 1827 B tasa, P tasa, S nari. 189 B navi. 1760 B lamha. 1998 B wacana lamha. 1908 BH gahigahiu. 18M S mujha. 1704 P tavan. 1770 B kahisium, H kahisii. 1899 B kat. 1897 B jamtuu, H jimtumu, s 1771 S pachaim. 1530 H tanams. 1706 B samanum, S sumanau. jitum. 1796 P are. 1772 S maim. 1801 BS ahinamna. 189 B amma, Himma. 1707 B kahise, P hai. 1773 H kika. 153 B jai. 189 P ta yasalai. 1774 B ma ya kari lamhe karu 1893 B mamina. 1708 P majha. 1900 BHP tu. 1700 B dramma. 1901 BSW. rasoya. 1854 BPS eka eka. 1776 S sahuai. 1710 B desadum abhiramma. 1895 B pamhi, H pahimim, S 1909 B karasi. 1711 B phuliim phalii. 1776 B tu tenai. pahii. 1903 BH kuliga. 1711 B suratara. 1777 H nimpai, P nipai. 1836 B adhika. 1904 B majha. 1718 H pakhi, S pamkhi. 1778 B jimium, H jimau. 187 B kalajamina jagi majha 1906 B prantna. 1114 B puuda pamsi iti desi bamsi iti dest 1779 S sahai. 1905 B haviim, H hi. kuna pachai. 1780 B parisya. 1838 B rahudi chai tamha citta. samma. 1907 P kadi. 1781 B jampai bhimi. 1889 BH tu. 1715 H taruyara, Staruara. 1908 P kataka. 1716 B dhrasakai padiu pamkhau 1789 B rasauasai. 1840 HP sahum. 1900 B karu. 1841 S dhilau. 1910 B lagum. tama. 1783 B bharatakhamda jamnai 1717 B didhum, S didhau. 1911 B kimkara, H kikari. savaveka. 1842 B laga, S lagai. 1718 P raki. 1912 B tamhe. 1744 B guru giru e, PS guri e 154 B jujuum, Sjtu. 1719 Pra. 1913 B abala. guri. 184 B laja, Slaju. 1730 H suphala. 1914 P bola. 1785 B mujha nai telai nala hoya 1845 B sumu nararaja. 1711 S punya. e sahi, H hum janam nala 1846 Read stanza 7. BS omit. 1915 BH gahi. 1792 B aramma. hui e sahi; H interchanges 1817 B amgi. 1916 P nirimda. 1723 B vasamni, S vasani. the third and fourth half- 1848 B raya. 1917 BS tava, H navam. 1724 P cadaina. 1918 B nehi, H nehimim, P nelines. 1849 B udhasai, Suddhasai. 1735 P syara. 1786 B humdaka amni mamhi. 1860 B pharisi tu. himi, S nehii. 179 B ja. 1988 Brau. 1851 B kuja, Ptujjha, Skuju. 1919 B pahiri. 1727 B malasai, P milisiim. 178 B kuari. 1812 B pharasi majha. 1920 B data srmgara. . 1798 B polai. 191 H rupa. 1789 P tard. 1863 B amgula, P amgali. 1720 B pahatu, H puhuta. 1922 B disai, H devi. 1790 B manavai, S manavai. 1854 H aja, Saju. 1730 P dadha pamina. 1701 BP nahi. 1886 B hasi kahi humdaka. 1923 B anamdii macai. 1992 B valatum. 1866 BH nara. 1731 B kahium samamgali dhanna. 1994 B bahari. 1732 B raye. 1925 H alamgi, P alimgi. 1793 H omits this line. 1867 P skips at this point to 282, 1735 H tas. 1805 B asana. 1794 P upari. second half-line. L S 1734 H sahamu, V sahamu, S 1796 S ni. 197 B jodi. 1868 B pharisa. 1860 B suvicara. 19 B nivesiya. sa muha. 179 B tamhe anu, S anai. 1929 B 1736 B jaya. 1860 B samsa ya majha pamhi. dki. 179 BH chu. 1736 B maya. 179 B tamhe, H tumhi. 1930 S puri. 1842 B sacca. 1981 B sahu. 1737 B bhimai. 179 B kasium. 1738 Panas. 1800 S vapu. 1863 B dharum. 1982 B tamkarum, H tuharaum 1864 B 1801 B ta mhe. sar 1730 P anadesi. S tuharau. . 1740 B sayamvara thau sina. 1992 S sala 2. 1802 B jamnevum, P janavau. 1866 B pharisa. 174 B tamhe, Stumhe. 1804 B agalu. 1805 B jihan. 1866 Siha. 170 B dadhipamnna bhanai su- 1935 H karau, S karaum. 1804 B so, Ssum. 1867 B karum, S karau. jamnaha sima. 1805 PS ra. 1868 B pharisa karavai tamni. 1946 P tuharum. 174 B humdaka. 1897 B eya, H eha-u. 1806 B so, P sa, Ssum. 1849 B humdaka pahiya paramni. 1744 H cari. 1938 B kumtiga 2 anna. 1807 B samamna, H samana. 1870 B romamci tenai. 1746 B enai. 180 B jaya. 1871 B jaya kalu kubadu. 1999 B tamhe. 1809 S 1746 B amhe, HS amhi. 1872 B tuhi. 1940 B pheraviya, H pharavi. ams. 176 H turimta. 194 B amma. 1510 B joum, S hou. 1873 S chui. 174 B humdaka. 1511 P kami. 1874 B nala hui nikalamka. 1942 B gopaviya kelai. 1749 B bhamna. 1812 B manum. 1876 B humdaka jhaliu. 1943 B manau tu haii, P mana 1760 B karu, S karai. hiai. 1813 B jaya. 1876 B kahum, S kahai. 1761 B sujamna. 194 B meliya, S miliim. 1814 B tamhe tam karu bhagati 1877 BS ketala. 1878 B annin. 1945 S jnani. 1762 P te te bolii amhi. majjha ghani, H tumhi tam 176 B rali. bhagati karu atighani, P 1879 P huu. 1946 B saru, H kharaum. 1947 HP niscaya, S niscaim. 1754 BH sa yamvara, S sa moara. tumhi tam 1880 B mamki ramni asasa. bhagati mujha 1948 B citta, S cimti. 1766 B pahilum, H pahilum, S 1881 S dhali e huu. ghani, Syumhi ta karau 1882 P vinai. 1948 B tamhe, H tumhi. pahilau. bhagati mujha ghani. 1883 B havai. 1960 BPS ulasya. 1764 S samvara. 1811 B majjha. 1861 B tu.

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329 NOTES TO TEXT VOL. 40, PT. 4, 1950) 2012 P sara. 2148 B parani, PS pariniya. 1961 H bampa, S bapu. 2016 HS pusnyains. 2149 B manohari. 1962 P saliti, S sali. 2017 H 2013 B sagi. bogaviim, P bhogaviyai, 3084 BH mani. 3150 P bhogaviu. 1963 B omits ha, BH naha. S bhogaviya. 1964 B dadhipaminna lagai nala 3161 B susabhari. 2018 B susa, HP sukhe. 2005 B mahavairagi, PS maha 2162 Bja. rau paya. 2019 HS pumnyaim. veraggi. 2183 B bhavani. 1855 B tu 2000 BHS kuli. . 9084 B jamini. 1956 BP sadaya. 2154 S vali. 2021 HS pumnyaim. 3687 B teya, H tatha, Playa. 1967 B kidha je mai ajamni. 3156 B pammi, P pammiya, S 2012 H punyaim. 2058 B gayu, P ra, S raum. 1985 B samaje hitabadhi, P kha paiya. 2003 S bhamji. 2080 B ramai leyu. 2000 B nala. 2156 P kevali. meje hita. 202: B jaya, Sjaim. 2157 B sari. 1969 B maya, PS mai. 2005 HS huis. 2091 HP sambadha. 2158 B magati. 140 P fira. 2006 H punya. 2092 B kahit. 2150 H siri. 11 BS panemia. 2027 B pasaya, H pasdim. 2195 B damna dii putta. 1943 BS tajka, Ptasa. 2160 H sasani. 20 H punyaim. 3194 H chattu. 1963 B samnadhi, HP sanadhi. 30 HS savi. 2096 BH sadha. 2161 B sari kamina. 1964 Sta 2162 B mamki pasali. 2096 B bara. . 2010 H falaim. 1965 B mama. 2163 B kamma a pana. 2031 B punya ya, H puminyaim. 2007 S varisi 1966 BS tajha. 2164 B ajuali, Hajnali. 2032 HS phalaim. 2008 B tenai. 1967 B nahi, S nahimya, P na 2185 B hosai savi. 2033 BHS pumnyaim. 2099 B agadhi, H agadha, P aga 2146 B varana. 2034 P maru. dhu. hima. 2167 B damna. 1968 BS interchange the lines. 2036 B samamna, S samana. 2100 P em . H omits the third half-line. 2168 HS sila. 2436 H pumnyaim. 2101 B puspala putta. 2169 S bhavana. 1969 B dhahadeva. 2007 Pudai. 2104 B bharata samdi raja iga 2170 B enai. 1970 H tittha, Stattha. 2038 B kalyamna, P kalyani. chatta. 1971 B nehajita. 2171 HS karini. 2009 H pumnya. 2163 BH sarisai. 2172 P pavena. 1972 B paki. 2040 S tanai. 2104 B lidhu. 1993 H 2173 B ramgaim adaru. tasu. 2011 B girin, H guruu 2105 B samjima, P sajama. 1974 B bhati. 3174 B ahobhavi, P ahebhevika. 2042 B punai pammium, H pun- 2105 BH ulasi. 1995 B cati. yaim pamium, P punyai 2175 B jina. 2107 S bahu 1996 S dku. 2176 P narakhara. pamiu. 2108 B palai. 1977 B raya, Srai. 2177 B Svi susa. 2043 HS nali. 2109 B muhuvai, H mahavua ya. 1978 PS sakhara, H sevakhara. 2178 B sayalasadhi. 2014 B kariya. 2110 B samati. 2179 B karu. 199 B rilipana. 2046 H gamdhadaka 2111 B upasama. 1980 B tasa candra yasya. 2150 H jasu. 2046 BP kusami. 2112 S daga. 2151 B nammi. 1981 B sammela. 2047 H karpuri. 2113 B samvega, P videga, Sviveka. 1989 H tedavai, S tedia. 2182 P nasai. 2008 B nagari. 2114 B suya. 1983 S 2155 B tasa. 2116 H bhagati. palti. 2049 BS mamhi. 1984 B rdhi, Sridhi. 2184 B rsivardhana suri. 2060 H sakalatu. 2116 B arahai, S aradhai. 1986 B dvi samidha. 2155 B kium. 2061 BS jina. 2117 S bekum. 2118 B jahasuli. 2186 P manai. 1986 B tasa rani nami. 2068 PS ceiya. 2119 B divasa. 2187 H anamda puriim, B anada1957 H samggim, P sarggi, S sa- 1063 B vamdai. 2120 B maharasi chitti. puri gim. 2154 H pupa, S rupa. After this 211 B jagi, H jogi. 2158 B panaro. 1988 B pukua. H reads stanza 7. 210 B visai. 2189 Bokutigiri. 10 H tarasiya. 2066 B gari. 190 B dhara. 2190 P nivasi. H writes for the 2166 B bhogavatu, H bhogarium, 2123 BP asali, H asalta. 2134 B tu. first half-line: samvata pa1 B send. S bhogavatai. 192 B raja, S raju. nara 35 varso; and omits 3067 B suramga. 2136 B saya muara sa maraya. 1 the following two half-lines. B sari. 2068 B sahisa bahi pali. 213 B lidhu tenai muniraya. 1991 B ju, Hjara. 2191 B adara. 316) B sarasium. 2117 S kala. 2128 P dhanada. 2192 B caritta and omits e u. 1985 P lidhau, Slidhaum. 2000 S divasi. 1996 B raja, S raju. 2193 H omits. 2061 B nikhadha kahii. 2129 B namii. 1997 BH didhum. 2194 Byddhi sarddhi susa ucha iv 2008 H deva. 2130 BS susa. 1998 B jutaraja. avai. 2043 B visai. 2131 P hilo. 19 B gajamtai. 2195 B nitu. 2014 BP samjime. 2132 B pani davadamti. 2000 B girwadi, H garuyadi. 2196 B mamdari, S mumdiri. 2065 H Sama. 2113 B naraticara, P niratica. 2001 B savasa, P vilasa. 2197 H tasu. 2066 HS bhavana 114 B pali, S valiya. 200 BHS nali. 2198 Sends here with: iti sri nala 2007 BS mamhi. 2135 B bhavaim sajima, P bhara2003 B tihuyani, Stihuyana. 2008 Brateka. viim samjima. daradamti caupai sampurna 900 S kacora. 21 104 Braso. H raja. || sri || cha || cha 11. 2005 BS duha. 2070 B apa 219 B raya. . 2157 P jhalai. 2006 B mali, S miliya. 2300 P cariu. 2001 B naim. 2138 B hizi pedhalaya. 2007 B tiham, P taka. 2201 B sampurnnak, P omits. 2072 B kasium 2130 B purasari. 2008 PS valiya. 207 H 2202 H reads: pamca 5 sapta 7 tasu. 2140 B pali. 2074 B sitra ya panum. 2141 B kuari, P kum yara, Skum2009 P abheseka, S raju abhiseka. catuh samkhya. yari. 2203 P slokah vilokitah. 2010 B samcaratam. 2075 B youana, PS jivana. 2011 B harasai, S harisiim. 2204 P prakrte. 2076 B athira. 312 B rai. 2012 B bheft. 2205 H samkhyaya, P samkhyaya. 2077 H bhoga. 2143 H tasu, P lasa. 2018 H aneki. 2078 B tra pala thiya. 2144 B saya mara. Hadds: gramthagram || 475 || 2014 PS udai. cha II. 2079 P pumnya. 2145 B tiham, H tihi. 2146 PS parivariyu. 2206 B kalyanam astu || cha II, 2016 B subhasa mjoga, P subha- 2080 B sathai jaya. 2001 B giu. 216 B tenai, P tani. Pomits. sam yoga.

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IV. TRANSLATION om.arham. In obedience to the command of her sasanadevata Having done reverence to the lord Santi, who pro- the queen went in great joy to Mount Astapada and duces contentment and peace (Santi) for all the Con- worshipped the Lords of the Universe, the twenty-four gregation, I shall proclaim the mighty power of merit Jinas who were installed by Bharata. (14) The coming from alms-giving, moral conduct, religious auspicious one had twenty-four golden tilakas studded austerity, and meditation. (1) with jewels set on the Jinas, and, after a long period When one hears good stories of noble people his of devotion and homage at the holy place, she returned merit and purity increase. [So] listen to this delight- home. (15) ful tale of King Nala and Davadanti. (2) This was the sweet consequence for the king and In Jambudvipa there is the superb celebrated [land queen: Taking vows from the sermon of the munivara of] Bharataksetra; in it is a city, Sangara by name, and rejecting falsehood, which is deep rooted, they filled with money, grain, and jewels. (3) There ruled held firm to their attachment for dharma. For a long well King Mammana and his chief queen Viramati time they maintained the prosperity of the realm and, who was virtuous, beautiful, and elegantly clad. (4) at the time of death, by virtue of their pure meditaIf a person (jiva) does not make a practice of hearing tion, the two went to the heaven of the gods and enthe speech of good teachers, how is he to know the joyed unparalleled bliss. See now the fruit of punya difference between sin and virtuous conduct? In con- (merit)! (16) sequence of this condition the king went out of the The fruits of punya are enjoyment of royal proscity to hunt, accompanied by his queen and retinue perity, beauty, and happiness. Everyone desires the and abundantly furnished with the essentials for di- fruit of punya, but does anyone perform punya? (17) verting the mind. Coming towards him he saw a Then the jiva of Mammana was reborn in the munivara, a lord of virtue. (5) The muni, the perfect house of a herdsman in the city of Potana, which sadhu, possessed of the merit of restraint, whose sight is an ornament in the splendid Bharataksetra in bestows good fortune, was regarded by the king in his Jambudvipa. He was named Dhana. Queen Viraerror, however, as an ill-omen. (6) mati's jiva was [reborn as his wife, Dhusari, famed Nala is famed as Punyasloka; the beautiful daughter for her perfection. (18) of Bhima as a woman of perfect virtue. As one hears It happened one day that Dhana (went out to graze [this story) to the end, of him increases the discrimina- his many buffaloes. Because of a heavy downpour of tion of dharma. (7) rain he went with a palm-leaf umbrella over his head. Taking him away from his caravan, the king and Catching sight of a sadhu who was standing in the queen in sport teased the sadhu for twelve hours with- kayotsarga-position, he held the umbrella over his out stop. But the rsi endured and remained of even head; and he rendered this excellent service to the guru temper. (8) as long as it rained. (19) When the sadhu had finished When they saw that the rsi maintained a benevolent his kayotsarga, he took him to his home in the city. mien, both the king and queen were mollified. They In full devotion he and his wife caused him to break asked, "Where are you going? Where do you live? his fast [by taking) pure milk. Tell us what your dharma is." (9) Keeping the muni for the four months of the monThe rsi said, "I am going to Mount Astapada on a soon, they learned the dharma from him. They worpilgrimage to the Jinesvaras. O King, I have been shipped the Jinavara-god and made their birth fruitseparated by you from my sangha (congregation of ful. (20) They sincerely observed compassion for disciples). This is a great obstacle to the performance living beings; listened to the preaching of the excellent of my dharma. (10) Without a fixed abode I perform guru; observed the posadha-rites; and knew no the dharma in the manner which the Jina taught." pride. (21) Taking this opportunity, the prince of munis preached They observed in this manner the very delightful the doctrine of the Jain religion which has compassion dharma of lay disciples for a long time and, having as its essence. (11) taken the vows, they maintained them assiduously for Both the king and the queen were awakened and, seven years. The exact result of this was that they falling at the feet of the rsi, asked his forgiveness. were reborn as twins in the Himalayas. In their fifth They went back with him to the palace, gave alms and birth they became Ksiradandira gods. (22) practiced devotion to the muni. (12) Now listen to the sixth birth which is delightful to The muni, after preaching instruction in the Dharma the mind because of its exceptional charm. There is to both of them, started out and reached Mount a city Kosala by name, superior to Amaravati. Astapada. The king and queen then observed the most worshipful dharma of lay disciples based on * Tutelary deity. * See Johnson, 1931: 1: 367-368. perfection. (13) 4 Tawney, 1895: 230, has "ksiradindira." I have not been able to identify either of these forms. Santi is the nineteenth Tirthankara. The city of Indra. 330

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VOL. 40, PT. 4, 1950) TRANSLATION 331 There ruled King Nisadha, the very sun to the lotuses Dhusari, exalted by her piety after she had fallen of the royal family of Rsabha, skilled in the laws, an from heaven, was conceived in the womb of the ocean of seriousness. (23) queen. (35) On an auspicious day a daughter was His chief queen was named Sundari, famed for her born and the good news was proclaimed in the town loveliness and virtue. Because of her sweetness of (with the sounding of musical instruments). The king speech she was considered Indrani in (human) form. gave many gifts and proclaimed) a festival equalling After he fell from heaven, because of the virtue of [those on Mount Meru. (36) giving the milk to the muni, he was conceived in her T hrough the miraculous result of her meritorious womb with auspicious dreams as a glorious son. (24) deed in the previous [birth] (in putting tilakas on "May I pay reverence to the Jinavara and the gurus Jina-images), there appeared on her forehead a mark and cause to be distributed many alms." This which shone all her life and dazzled the world as does pregnancy-wish the queen had in mind. The king the sun. (37) In conformity with the dream she was fulfilled it to the letter. (25) given the beautiful name Davadanti. Then on a night of an auspicious tithi under the Day by day the princess waxed-in beauty a veribest constellations and planetary influences a son was table goddess. (38) When she reached the age of born. The king, with joy immeasurable in his heart, eight, she was placed under the tutelage of a pandit. inaugurated many celebrations. He caused the jails Taught the eighteen alphabets, she was an avatara to be emptied and many gifts were given. Arches and of the goddess Sarasvati. (39) In possession of a poles were erected and drums were beaten. (26) matchless knowledge of the sciences and all the gunas Bards sang poems of praise and women of the best and kalas, she perceived and understood the teachfamilies sang songs. Bravo! Bravo! was shouted ings of the Jinavaras and the nine tattvas 8 and amongst the townsfolk. His kin were delighted with Samyaktva.o (40) gifts of food, clothing, and gold. The king called his She worshipped the arhat-devas and did service to son Prince Nala. (27) the gurus and nuns. Upon attaining youth she Day by day Prince Nala throve like the moon in its reached perfection, defeating in wantonness Rati 10 light fortnight, preeminent in form and beauty [and] and Rambha. (41) Made complete by the power of a delight to the eyes of man. He was versed in the her punya, Davadanti was given an image of the seventy-two kalas; could recite and discuss in detail Jina Santi by her sasanadevata and she worshipped the entire grantha; and knew well the pure doctrine [it]. (42) of the Jinas, whose essence is the knowledge of the nine T hen, one day (the king) realized, "My daughter tattvas and Samyaktva (Perfection). (28) He did not Davadanti has achieved youth. She has reached omit the study of the use of the thirty-six types of eighteen years and is full-grown." He became conarms. Through wisdom he did not disregard the tra cerned with (the choice of a husband of the best family ditional conduct due one's ancestors. [On the other and excellent virtues. After making due inquiry of all hand] his younger brother, Kubara, was said to be a his eminent counsellors, the king then caused to be commenced whatever was suitable for a great svayamdepository of guile. On reaching youth Prince Nala vara which should be proclaimed throughout the was declared the equal of Hari. (29) world. (43) Just as I have described the birth of the very virtu Outside the city Bhima caused many camps to be ous Prince Nala, the treasury of beauty, now hear erected for the kings and a splendid pavilion adorned briefly expressed everything about the incarnation of according to the custom with silver walls of the whiteQueen Davadanti. (30) ness of curds; (44) with a delicate svastika of emerald There is a most excellent city, Kundina, which is the and a floor of lovely yellow gold, beautiful with ruby ornamentation of the land of Vidarbha. In that place pillars, and pictures of saras-birds and parrots, (45) ruled Bhimaratha, the acme of kings. (31) His queen in which appeared cut out of jewels delightfully beauwas Puspadanti. In the middle of the night, [the tiful images of women at the sight of which one falls queen) while asleep, saw in a dream an elephant down in rapt adoration. The pearls of their necklace (danti) which, frightened by a forest-fire (dava), came cast a gleam through the spacious halls which were to the palace. (32) On the following morning, upon draped with rich hangings. (46) Within there was awakening, she related this to the king to learn its erected all around a beautiful dais of jewels of the fivemeaning. The king saw that the result would be an colors-a veritable clash of corruscating gems. On excellent child-[one destined to be] mighty. (33) top of this were placed] square lion-thrones. (47) While they were talking a white elephant came and, Clusters and garlands of flowers, delicate to the touch, having taken the king and queen up on its back, went 7 See Johnson, 1931: 1: 153, fn. 196; and Buhler, 1898: 25. around the city being greatly honored. When it came The fundamental principles; Johnson, 1931: 1: appendix IV, to the king's palace, it stopped. (34) The king de pp. 437-450. creed a festival without equal. Jaini, 1940: 49. 10 One of the two wives of Kama, the god of love. See M. Bloomfield, 1920. 11 A famed Apsaras or female divinity.

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332 BENDER: THE NALARAYADAVADANTICARITA [TRANS. AMER. PHIL. Soc. diffused their perfumed odors (in all directions) and "There is no other equal to her--this fawn-eyed the gateway was surmounted by a jewelled arch of creature in this world." (63) triumph, shining like the bow of Indra. (48) A staff "With whomever she be compared, there is surely glittered (in front of the entrance to the mandapam none in this world to surpass this perfect lady." (64) set in a jewelled pot, its fluttering banner flapping in "Who in a previous existence performed many rethe sunlight. Having covered it with a ceiling plated ligious austerities as a forest-dwelling ascetic, him this with gold, they thus fashioned a hall of full beauty. (49) maiden will choose. Without religious austerities The king sent out messengers with letters and in- there is no purification." (65) vited the monarchs with full protocol. From all All the kings were thus lost in thought as with countries came the kings--virtuous, beautiful, charm- extreme self-control they Igazed at this marvel. Not ing, true-speaking. (50) They, their hearts excited, moving, as if painted, so they beheld Davadanti. (66) were attended by their retinues, consisting of many The doorkeeper to the women's quarters, knowing chariots, horses, elephants, footsoldiers, and treasure. the name, the place, and the family of these choice Then, King Nisadha with his sons, Nala and Kubara, men, addressed Davadanti in this fashion: "Listen, O arrived there. (51) Princess. (67) All these kings have come with the To as many monarchs as came, to so many Bhima design of wedding you. At your svayamvara make a rendered hospitality. As each alighted, he fulfilled to wise choice of a husband) in whom your mind is dehim the courtesies with great affection. (52) lighted. (68) This is Dadhiparna, a most excellent Then on an (auspicious) muhurta and day, all the monarch, the lord of Sumsumarapura. This is the delighted monarchs in the maze of their retinues, mighty master of Campa, the light-maker to the (after) performing their ablutions and donning fine Bhoga-family. (69) This is Candraraja, the embelgarments, entered the pavilion majestically. (53) lishment of the Iksvaku race, full of virtue. This is Gleaming with the radiance of Indra and shining with the mighty Somadeva, who is, as it were, an ornament splendor like the sun-god, gladdened, they were seated of the solar race." (70) by King Bhima, the lord of men, on excellent thrones- In this way the doorkeeper recited the catalogue of each as was due him. (54) 12 honors of the many kings, but not one of them pleased With joy at her svayamvara she worshipped Santi, her. In this world taste is a matter of individual the prince of Jinas, and, when fine raiment was placed preference. (71) 13 on her limbs, Davadanti was made ready: (55) with Then the doorkeeper spoke thus: "These, of the bejewelled earrings and an amulet, and strings of descent of Rsabhadeva, are the princes of the land of pearls and rubies; and necklaces and an excellent Kosala. King Nisadha is held in high esteem. (72) girdle; (56) with golden bracelets, rings, and bangles This is the elder son of [King] Nisadha, Prince Nala [with] garments of lovely cunari-, blue netra- and by name--mighty, handsome, wise, grave, worthy, patola-cloth, and a tinkling chime of anklets. (57) young, and generous. (73) This is the younger son of There was an exquisite odor of musk, sandal, saffron, Nisadha named Kubara. Whoever pleases you, and camphor; campaka-, ketaka-, malati-blossoms and choose him. Apply your wisdom accordingly." (74) various (other) sorts of blooms exuded fragrance. (58) Looking at Nala, the treasure-house of delights, Seated on a golden palanquin, with a vast retinue, gleaming and brilliant as the best of the gods, there the daughter of King Bhima came in-a veritable was awakened in the heart of Davadanti the love (she avatara of the goddess Laksmi. (59) A white um- held for him in the previous births. (75) [And) as brella gleamed over her head and on both sides she gazed with eyes lustrous with love, she eagerly chowries waved. The heavens resounded with the threw the garland of choice around Nala's neck. (76) [music of] the musical instruments [and] bards glorified Voices in the heavens cried out, "Such a choice is [her]. (60) Men and women came to look and all well made." Prince Nala was delighted, and the drum sorts of gifts were distributed. Women of the best was beaten loudly. (77) families sang auspicious songs and skilled performers King Krsna, an arrogant prince, thereupon uttered danced. (61) these disharmonious words: "While I am here no other Having arrived thus in pomp, [Davadanti) entered youth as bridegroom will wed Davadanti. (78) Listen the pavilion. Davadanti was beheld by all the kings here, you Nala, give up Davadanti and get out of sight. with great delight. (62) If you will be a fool, then you will have to fight with "She is either a goddess or a heavenly musician or, me." (79) indeed, a Naga-maiden." In return, the son of Nisadha spoke these concilia tory words: "If you have not been chosen by the 19 Between this and the following stanza there has been inter maiden, why, then, are you filled with wrath? (80) polated a line or phrase from another poetical work. Its function is not to further the plot, but rather to serve as a model in the This is a mark of uncouthness in you. You lack chanting of the verses following, which are to be read with the experience. The man who suffers vain envy is base same tune as the poem, starting with the line "hiva pahiri patauli, etc." 13 See fn. 12.

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TRANSLATION VOL. 40, PT. 4, 1950] and a fool. (81) Now, she is another's wife. This will bring defeat upon you. If you wish to fight, then stand up!" (82) Spoiling for fight, the two heroes left the pavilion; [and] both mighty armies. [strong] for the contest brandished their weapons. (83) The auspicious maiden seeing the interruption in the proceedings, took some water in her hand and sprinkled it out [saying] the name of the Jina.14 King Krsna bowed low, his hair standing on end. (84) His sword dropped from his hand and, going to Nala, he fell at his feet and conciliated him. Through the favor of her sasanadevata all obstacles were removed. (85) 15 Now, all the good folk were delighted and all the evil folk became wretched. Prince Nala was elated [at the thought of his impending] marriage; and the maiden was delighted in her heart. (86) All sorts of drums were rolled with great sound; the glory [of this celebration] was wafted aloft by sweet song; and gifts were presented to the bards. (87) An excellent cuisine was prepared and sweetmeats made. All the members of the groom's party were delighted and his happy kin folk fed. (88) In every house they danced the rasa 16 -so full of delightful sentiments-and they sang lovely songs. King Bhimaratha caused a great puja to be begun in the temple of the Jina. (89) The fathers of both the bride and the groom spent crores of great wealth [on the preparations]. The wishes of the mind were fulfilled so that there was no complaint. (90) Now, the auspicious [marriage] day had arrived. Both the bride and the groom were bathed. The two were properly adorned [and, then,] the lamp-waving ceremony was duly performed. (91) Mounted upon an excellent elephant, with great pomp he came, all excited for the marriage. An umbrella gleamed over his head, and, on both sides four chowries waved. (92) Musical instruments played loudly. Gifts were bestowed without stint. His sister, who had been presented with a newly dyed cunari, performed the salt-waving rite on the groom.17 (93) There was a fragrance of musk and sandal. All the kinfolk were excited in their hearts. Men and women gathered to look, and horses, elephants and carts [in the wedding procession] brushed against one another as they moved along the roads. (94) Heralds shouted, "Hail! Hail!" Gradually the guests came; and, when the favored one (Nala) arrived at the [bridal] arch, women of good family performed the greeting ceremonies in the prescribed manner. (95) After the bride seated herself in the marriage booth, 14 Davadanti performs a satyakriya or "act of truth." See Brown, 1941. 15 See fn. 12. 16 See Mehta, 1925: 2: 1273: ras "a circular dance accompanied by song." 17 This was pointed out to me by Mr. Shah during my stay in Baroda. The groom's sister rides behind him rattling in his ear a small cup filled with rock-salt. The part of the cloth covering the mouth of the cup is decorated with a svastika. 333 the king, greatly delighted in heart, summoned the groom and then joined their hands. (96) The marriage [was celebrated] by the king with a great festival and everything carried out according to the prescriptions of the astrologer. Afterwards, [the women] sang dholas 18 as they went around the bride and groom. (97) King Bhimaratha, who was of joyous heart, gave many gifts to them-horses, chariots, elephants, and footsoldiers; and gold, riches, pearls, and rubies. (98) Returning with the bride, Nala was welcomed with song at his camp. He and that heavenly creature, Davadanti, bowing before the house-shrines chanted hymns. (99) With such revelry was the marriage performed by the two fathers with great joy. Bhima showed the proper respect to all the kings and dismissed the many heroes. (100) After having remained there for several days at the request of Bhima, King Nisadha yearned to return [to his kingdom]. Davadanti's mother gave her this advice: "Daughter, do not neglect proper conduct and devotion to your husband." (101) The daughter of Bhima bowed low to the feet of her mother and father, and, going to Nala's chariot, mounted it calmly. [And, then] the prince of Nisadha traveled on eagerly, not reckoning night or day in his joy. (102) Seeing the darkness of the night, Davadanti uncovered her tilaka and destroyed it (the darkness). Thus, the company beheld all the roads with ease. King Nisadha said, "Nala is a fortunate prince." (103) Catching sight of a rsi full of merit, who, as he was standing in the kayotsarga-stance, was being stung by the bees [attracted] by the fragrance of the elephantmusk, King Nisadha, together with Nala, Kubara, and Davadanti, worshipped and paid him great devotion. (104) When the king reached the city of Kosala, the people of the town were all delighted. They welcomed the bridegroom and began a celebration. Everyone was delighted by the merits of Davadanti. (105) "Nala and Davadanti both are fresh, both in the bloom of youth, both very handsome, both receptacles of perfect beauty, both very lovely, both full of excellent qualities." (106) With dancing, song, pleasure, dicing, water-sports, flower-picking, sporting in swings, fortune-telling, the king fulfilled his desires by day and night. (107) One day, King Nisadha, after appointing Nala king and Kubara heir-apparent, undertook the vows, having become averse from the world. (108) Nala reigned justly, and ruled gloriously, and all kings did service, yielding tribute [to him] without cease. (109) Questioned by Nala, his minister said, "You have increased Nisadha, since, your majesty, today you enjoy an entire half of India. (110) But Kadamba, alone, pays no heed to your command. If 18 Marriage-songs sung only by women.

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BENDER: THE NALARAYADAVADANTICARITA 334 he submits to you, then your fame would extend throughout the whole world." (111) To find out, the king first sent a messenger who made known [the state of affairs] properly, but that ox did not listen. How can one beat a drum without a stick? (112) So Nala went with a mighty army and, arriving at the city of Taksasila, surrounded it. Then, Kadamba issued forth, dreadful with rage and accompanied by an army. (113) The two heroes, Nala and Kadamba, in pity excluding the other warriors, fought fiercely and struggled zealously with every sinew of their bodies on the field of battle. (114) Whatever [means of] struggle Kadamba requested, that one King Nala granted without hesitation. By the power of his punya Nala conquered [him] at last. Then true knowledge came to Kadamba. (115) "I have contended with him and am about to perish through his superiority. Let me, rather, like Bahubali 19 cross the ocean of worldly existence." He, then, undertook the great vow of Samyama.20 Then the hero Nala fell at his feet. (116) Praising his might and spiritual purity and placing [Kadamba's] son, Hamsa, on the throne, the monarch returned to the city and entered, beating his drum(s). (117) Then all the kings of half of Bharta joyously consecrated Nala, and gave him all sorts of precious gifts. Bhimi became Nala's chief queen. (118) The monarch, Nala, ruled in his four-halled palace wonderful like that of Indra for a long time. Kubara, covetous of the rule and envious, constantly went about looking for a device against Nala. (119) Sandal is bitter; the moon has a spot; the ocean (which contains jewels) is brackish; in water there is mud; even the virtuous Nala had the bad habit of dicing. Who can defeat Fate who puts a flaw in a jewel? (120) He (Nala) lost and won continually [up to] a crore of lakhs. This became Nala's great vice. One day Nala and Kubara played and Kubara won. Nala lost (121) lands, cities, towns, palaces, provinces, villages, isolated villages, district headquarters, (provincial) capitals, gold, pearls, [his] treasury, elephants, horses, camels, and granaries. (122) Nala went on losing, unaware that all his people were making great lamentation. The king would not heed the warning of anyone. Tell [me]! Who can stop an elephant's ear [from flapping]? (123) Hearing of his losses, Davadanti, laying aside her modesty, went to the assembly-room, and said, "Give up dicing. Stop losing! (124) These dice are like bonds on you, spiteful and hostile. For an instant or only half an instant gambling has its charm, but, lord, don't be so blind! (125) If it is to your liking, present, 19 See Tawney, 1895: 192-195, The Story of Bahubali, which precedes the Nala-story and is described in the colophon as "having reference to pride"; that of Nala is described as "having reference to gambling." See also Johnson, 1931: 1: 273-326. 20 Control of the senses; Jaini, 1940: 56, 132. [TRANS. AMER. PHIL. SOC. give with your [own] hand the realm to your brother. But what's the use of losing it like this at dicing? (126) If a man loses through his vices the wealth he has amassed, then it will continue to torment his mind as long as he lives, O King." 21 (127) Davadanti tried to warn the king with these words, but he paid no attention [to her]. (128) Then the evolution of karma took its crooked course. The wretched king was not freed [from his vice]. The prosperity of the round of existence became lean. Davadanti, then, treated by Nala with disrespect, weeping, lamented the action of fate. (129) The king lost his harem, including Davadanti, and his personal ornaments. (130) Having lost everything Nala then took off his personal ornamentation. (131) Kubara, in his heart, now, was delighted. "Today I have gained the kingdom." (132) The cruel Kubara said to Nala, "Leave my land." (133) Nala, [even] his covering-cloth removed, set out without hesitation and boldly. (134) O mighty one, Laksmi (Fortune) has not abandoned [you]. Do not be proud. (135) When Nala, thus addressed, was being driven away, the hero, the complete, the peerless, the bold, the steadfast, Davadanti, the virtuous one, who was going [with him] at his request, was stopped by Kubara who had won her. (136) The minister said, "Do nothing ill-considered! Let Davadanti go, O wise one! The elder brother is regarded as a father; his wife is always said to be a mother. (137) If you, somehow, keep [her] against her will, then, surely, injury will befall you. Provide provisions for [their] journey, a chariot, and a charioteer, and send Davadanti off with Nala." (138) Kubara heeded the instructions of his minister. Then, Nala, laughing, spoke in this fashion, "A fortune has been lost by me in wanton sport. What desire do I have for a chariot?" (139) At the advice of the minister, Nala, for the comfort of the weak woman, mounted the chariot together with the lovely one. Seeing a lofty pillar in the city, he pulled it out and set it up [again] with his hands. (140) When the disposition of Fate was observed this interpretation [was placed] on the mighty Nalal's state]: When, in his childhood, Nala had gone to a grove, a muni, who was aware of the future said, (141) "He who shall move in this city a pillar five-hundred hands in height, unbroken, that man shall enjoy a half of Bharata." The great rsi's word had been fulfilled [it was said]. (142) "Nala was master of Kosala. None else fits the prophecy. This realm will again be Nala's. Kubara will not enjoy his deceit. (143) Anyone, then, is a lucky man, if he is a ruler of the sort that Nala is." On hearing the people talking in this fashion, Nala's mighty merit awoke again. (144) Cheerfully, he left the city and, sending back the people, the ministers, and the vassals, the lord of Bhima's daughter, at the 21 See fn. 12.

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VOL. 40, PT. 4, 1950) TRANSLATION 335 suggestion of the queen, drove the chariot towards Nala. She thought, (161) 23 "What strange thing or Kundinapura. (145) what great danger has befallen, o lord, that, alone in When they entered a great forest, Bhils came up to the forest, I have thus been abandoned by my lord rob them. Seizing his sword in haste, King Nala got who has gone away? My beloved must have got out of the chariot, reviling the Bhils. (146) Coming up and gone to a noble lake to wash his face. I am up from behind, the queen held Nala back. Then, certain that he will return with water, my handsome she uttered a tremendous yell. At first the Bhils were one. (162) What is the reason for his leaving me? frightened off (with Nala in pursuit). Later, they How can such a thing happen in this existence? What easily took the chariot. (147) 22 is the cause for his delay? Why does he not return When punya is amiss, then there is no happiness. now, moving with dignified step? This is the forest; Let no man be proud because of his wealth! (148) there is the place; that is the hill; those are the trees Nala and Davadanti went along, both of them bare- [; all are here except Nala)." Not once did she catch foot, taking rest at every step like children. (149) The sight of her lord who was by nature superb and cruel darbha-grass pierced the queen's tender feet handsome. (163) till blood flowed from them. Dreadful was Nala's Troubled thus with concern for him, she recalled grief. (150) The heat of the sun was fierce and and reflected upon the dream. "The mango-tree was intense. Overcome by sunstroke, Nala's beloved my beloved King Nala. My eating of the excellent withered like a garland of flowers. (151) Thirsty, fruit was the enjoyment of the kingdom. The wild King Bhima's daughter kept asking for water, and elephant was Kubara by whom the noble-hearted Nala, making a cup of palasa-leaves, brought her some Nala was driven out of the kingdom. When after which she drank slowly. (152) He tore off strips (from climbing the tree I fell to the ground that was my his garment) and bandaged Davadanti's feet, and, abandonment by Nala." (164) Bitterly she wept, a taking her by the hand, he led her on, steadying helpless woman alone in difficulty. Filled with grief, her step by step. (153) She asked, "How great she writhed in her agitation like a fish on top of a hot is this forest, so full of obstacles?" Nala replied, rock. "What will become of me, o god, brought re"One-hundred yojanas. We have covered five yo- sourceless into the forest? Why doesn't the hamsa janas." (154) appear? This grief is worse than death. (165) Tell At twilight, the king made a bed of very soft twigs me, o cruel lord, why I have been abandoned by you and covered it with half his garment. (155) Then, in whom I trusted. At your side I was overjoyed after meditating upon the Jinas and the gurus, the with hope. What sort of behavior is this! King dear one slept in confidence. While Nala sat beside Nisadha will certainly be ashamed! What is the her, Davadanti found comfort in sleep. (156) Nala crime which I have committed that such punishment is became more and more depressed at [the disgraceful visited [upon me)?" (166) thought of] living in the protection of his father-in-law. Like a child she turned first one way, then another. "A man who lives basely is foolish and brings shame Again and again she sank to the ground. Her tearupon his family. How can I go today to Kundina- filled eyes glistened as, distressed, she looked in all pura? Now, making firm my heart, I shall leave my directions. Then, as she was doing this, Davadanti beautiful dear one. Where no one knows me, [there] saw the letters Nala had written on the border of her shall I wander about as a sadhu. (157) No harm garment. She ceased grieving, and, grasping it full will come to Queen Davadanti who is a complete de- of joy, read it. (167) "Under the banyan-tree the pository of virtue. Virtue is the true protection of a path (on the right) leads to Kundinapura; that on the sati." Thus was the final outcome of Nala's subjec- left to Kosala. So, go where you wish. Leaving my tion to the power of a previous karma. mind beside you like a servant, o treasury of virtue, Having written on the edge of her sasi directions in because of my disgrace I am going to wander in foreign [his] blood, Nala, after cutting his garment [in half] lands, o wise one." (168) with his sword, started out for foreign lands. (158) Bhimi, overjoyed at this statement, started out Going a distance, Nala returned then, heavy with care eagerly for her father's house, looking at Nala's writing and urged on by (his) grief. He spent the night beside as if it were the hero Nala at her side, fearless and conher deliberating. In the morning the king at last left fident. (169) Multitudes of evil and frightful creasherl. (159) tures such as serpents, lions, wild elephants, demons[In a dream] climbing up a mango-tree covered with none of them harmed Bhimi because of her surpassing flowers and fruits, she remained (there), enjoying the virtue coming from the meditation on the Jina. (170) sweet fruits. (Davadanti speaking to herself) "The A caravan had been scattered in fright by an attack mango-tree was up-rooted by a wild elephant and, as from Bhils. Bhimi protected it with upheld hand. it fell, I straightway was on the ground." (160) Hav- Calmed, it (the caravan) obeyed her like a mother. ing had this dream Bhimi awoke (and) and, as the She, so virtuous, travelled with it. (171) maiden looked in all directions, she did not see King The sati left the caravan one night and (as she went " See fn. 12. 23 See fn. 12.

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336 BENDER: THE NALARAYADAVADANTICARITA (TRANS, AMER. PHIL. Soc. on she saw sa creature) in the form of a raksasa. The she came to the city of Acalapura. (184) She sat god, pleased, granted Bhimi a boon. She asked, "Will down under a veranda near a bathing-pool and looked I ever find Nala?" (172) "At the end of twelve years despondently towards the city. while you are living in your father's house you will At that time Rtuparna was king in the city and his find your husband." Upon hearing the god's reply, queen was the blessed Candrayasas. (185) Through [so] harsh, Davadanti took a severe vow: (173) "Red the maid's talk she was made known to the queen things, unguents, betel, decorations, baths, thread, who] sent her companion to fetch her. She was not sandal and tilak-paste, singing and dancing, the rasas, recognized and, protected with great honor, dwelt daily eating habits-until I find Nala, them will I with her daughter, Candravati. (186) She used to sit avoid." (174) Davadanti went to stay) in a moun- in the alms-house outside the city. One day) a thief tain-cave. She made a figure of the Jina Santi from by the name of Pingala was sheltered by her in pity. sand and worshipped it; and observed a four-meal fast, She, in compassion, caused him to learn samyama breaking it by eating fruit that had fallen on the control) from an excellent muni. On the instant he ground and water. (175) became a superb god and, approaching, reverenced The leader of the caravan came there with the Davadanti. [Then,) attaining heaven, he released a caravan. There also came ascetics in great zeal. shower of gold in radiant splendor. (187) Vasanta asked about the shrine which had been set up When he heard the state of affairs of Nala and at the well by Davadanti, who appeared like a god- Davadanti the mind of Bhima was filled with heavy dess. (176) She preached the Doctrine of the prince sorrow, along with the multitude in his harem. (188) of the Jinas and all the ascetics were converted with He then sent out many messengers to look for Nala a celebration. [In connection with this the good and his wife. There arrived at Acalapura in his search leader of the caravan founded there a city named the courtier Harimitra. (189) Catching sight of Tapasapura and erected an elegant shrine to the Davadanti at the asylum, he fell at her feet, and Jina. (177) hastening back, informed Candrayasas and Rtuparna. Sinhakesarin, the son of Kubara, who had been (190) The king and queen, having recognized their married, came to the mountain and, receiving initia- niece, themselves bestowed upon Davadanti in affection from the guru Yasobhadra, became in five days a tion suitable care. (191) The king sent her with a receptacle of perfect knowledge. (178) At a festival great retinue to her parents' home on the advice of the which was inaugurated Bhimi, the [Brahmanical] ab- virtuous youth [and] she arrived at Kundinapura. (192) bot, who had been purified, and Vasanta saw the gods Then, her mother and father met her with great shining bright. At night they climbed the mountain elation. She fell at the feet of her foster-mother, and worshipped the kevalin. He caused all to hear weeping at her separation from Nala. (193) Taking the praise of the law. (179) Then, there came a god her by the hand, she drew Davadanti (to her) and who had been the ascetic Karpara. He worshipped embraced her, saying, "Daughter, do not grieve. You the kevalin. Blessing Bhimi, he said that, when in a will achieve happiness." (194) Taking her home, serpent's body, she had drawn him from his hole. He they declared a festival. When they asked her the had nurtured anger and was then plucking the fruit whole story, she, weeping, related what had happened of it. (180) to her and Nala before this. (195) "If you have reThe happy abdot took diksam from the guru of the turned alive (after wandering) unharmed in a forest so kevalin, when the latter had become a siddha (i.e., had dense, then Nala also will come back. Be not at all died and reached nirvana). He kept his guru in his grieved." (196) They calmed their daughter in this own town for the four months of the rainy season), fashion (and), happy, paid devotion to the Jinas and and Vasanta became a lay disciple, a veritable heap the gurus there. And Davadanti stayed there of virtues. (181) content. (197) Davadanti stayed there in a lonely spot for seven After he had left the daughter of Bhima and, while years, absorbed in the contemplation of the Jinas and he was wandering about pining in his heart, Nala saw the gurus. [Once] she heard a remark of a concealed in a piece of timber a fire (which) in a day spread traveller. Through love of Nala, she came out of her through the forest. (198) "O King Nala of the cave not knowing where to look for him]. (182) Iksvaku race, save me. Aid me who am reaping the While wandering about during the night she became fruits of a previous birth." [This was in human thirsty and caused a dry stream to have water. The voice. (199) "Through my knowledge I am aware of lady, directed by the sound of people's conversation, your name and family." Then, Nala saw speaking in was accepted into his caravan by Dhanadeva. (183) this fashion a snake in a deep pit. (200) Nala caused The etiquette due a sister was practiced towards her the snake, which was under enchantment, to seize his by a bravaka who was worshipping the Jina Malli.25 garment (which he had reached out to it) and, when She was pleased then to join the caravan. In due time he was releasing it in a dry place, it bit him on the 24 Instruction in the Jain religion. left hand. (201) "[This is the nature of a snake," 25 The nineteenth Tirthakara. said Nala. "One who, as is proper, does a favor by

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VOL. 40, PT. 4, 1950) TRANSLATION 337 giving you milk gets bitten--this is the practice of that collection of fraud, virtueless, and cruel, and have your tribe!" (202) Then, under an enchantment, come here to you." (220) Dadhiparna, hearing of Nala became hunchbacked, dark-skinned, and exceed- Nala's death, in deep grief performed the obsequial ingly ugly. rites for him and) Nala, pleased, was secretly deWhen the king lamented, "Where can one go in this lighted. (221) form?" (203) then, it doffed the snakel's form and] One day a messenger was sent by Dadhiparna on revealed the semblance of a radiant god, saying, "I am (some] business to Kundinapura. When he had a your father, Nisadha, who have come because of love suitable opportunity, he told Bhima the story of the for you. (204) For twelve years this condition must cook, Hundika. (222) When Davadanti heard this be yours in accordance with your karma. Know that story she said, "Who and of what sort is Hundika, even a god does not have power over karma. (205) father? Send a spy to find out. I know he must be Since in ruling you made all the kings slaves, they will Nala, (223) since, except Nala, no other person knows do you harm [if] they recognize you now, (206) and so how to prepare [that] delicious sun-cooked dish." for your own welfare I have given you a deformed Then the king, after instructing [him), sent out Kusala, shape. You will [in due time) by donning divine gar- who went off. (224) ments and divine ornaments regain your own form. When he came to the court of King Dadhiparna and (207) In (this) jewel-casket there are ornaments, and saw Hundika, he became sad at heart, "As much differin [this] vilva-fruit fine clothes. Take both these and ence as there is between the sun and a mustard (seed) keep them, until you (want to] assume your own] so much is there between Nala and Hundika. (225) form, o hero." (208) Questioned by Nala about That arena of grace and beauty, handsome [in his Davadanti, the god related her adventures, with praise bodily perfection), the blessed King Nala--what refor her virtue, so completely pure. (209) At his wish, semblance to him has this repulsive Hundika whose [the god took him to the city of Sumsumara. Leaving body is hunchbacked and dark as soot. (226) DavaNala, the god went to the Brahma-heaven having re- danti has in her mind in error (lit upon] Hundika for moved his son's delusion. (210) Nala. Nevertheless, if I cause him to speak, I (can) When Nala had entered a pleasure-garden in the make certain through [his speech, eye, mind, and city, after worshipping the Jina in a temple, an ele- behavior." (227) phant which had broken its post in rut was causing Then the Brahman lad at the king's request enacted terror and doing destruction in the city. (211) Dadhi- skillfully the tale of Nala. As constantly as an alluparna, the king, ascended his balcony and said, "I will sion appeared, so constantly did recollection grieve give his heart's desire to whichever hero subdues this Hundika. (228) [Kusala said,] "Pitiless, virtueless, noble elephant." None ventured into the sight of the shameless, and base; faithless, merciless, unmanly, and elephant. (212) impotent-no other man equals Nala by whom his Nala mounted the elephant and brought it under true wife was deliberately deserted. (229) O you luckcontrol, and the king gave him a gold chain as a gift. less Nala, how did you make your feet move when you Nala dismounted from the elephant and, sauntering abandoned that true wife sleeping alone in the forest, over, sat down by the king without bowing to him. (213) trusting in you, fragrant, golden colored, true?" (230) The king asked, "Do you know any other excellent As he heard this account he experienced a boundless art?" He replied, "I can prepare a (savory] dish grief, and loosing his throat, the cook wept (aloud). cooked by the sun, if you would like me to." (214) He saw Davadanti about to hang herself. Jumping The king provided for the preparation plenty of all up, he cut (the ropel and stopped her. (231) "Don't the necessary ingredients, consisting of pure milk, commit suicide, o queen; I have come back to you. [etc.]. He then made the sun-cooked dish and the I won't run away!" He, when love overcame his king and all his people ate (of it). (215) They were mind, thus, revealed himself. (232) unanimous in their praise and the king, happy, gave C ompared with spirituous liquor deep and pure love him ornaments, a lakh of rupees, and five-hundred is treacherous. A creature, disordered by its poison, villages. And he accepted everything with the excep- knows nothing of religious discrimination and pious tion of the villages. (216) reflection. (233) The king, pleased, abolished hunting and spirituous Kusala said, "This Nataka is not true, O Hundika. liquors at the request of Nala. The king asked, No one sees any association. Why do you feel such "What is your name? Speak up, Hunchback, what distress?" (234) "I am Nala's private cook. Thereis your village?" (217) The hunchback replied, "In fore, I love him very much. A servant is, indeed, Kosala was that noble Nala king. I was his cook, devoted to his master." In this fashion spoke Hundika by name. With Nala as my instructor I Hundika very moved. (235) Respectfully, he invited have learned all the arts. (218) In playing at dice [Kusala) to his house and joyfully fed him a delicious with Kubara, Nala lost his kingdom. Taking Dava- sun-cooked dish. [Then), Hundika gave Kusala a danti, he left to dwell in solitude in a forest. (219) As lakh of rupees, ornaments, and a golden necklace. (236) Nala left to wander about, then I deserted Kubara, He was privately questioned by Kusala [but did not

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338 possible." BENDER: THE NALARAYADAVADANTICARITA (TRANS, AMER. PHIL. Soc. permit any slip. Afterwards, Kusala returned to you, to bring you easily to Kundinapura by sunrise; Kosala and, upon arriving, met with King Bhima. (237) prepare for me a chariot with good horses." (254) The young Brahman said, "Listen, lord, he is hunch- The king, heartened, then caused to be prepared horses backed in form and very ugly; but no other man knows and a chariot, and had them brought up with much as he does how to cook a dish in the sun or control an prancing. Delighted, he mounted the chariot well elephant. (238) He wept copiously at the Nataka equipped and accompanied by his umbrella-bearer, his of Nala, [but] when questioned, did not admit himself chowrie-wavers, and betel-box-bearer. (255) Binding to be Nala. When I sang the song of censure to him, the jewel-casket and the vilva-fruit to his waist and, he gave me gifts." (239) after uttering the invocation, the clever Hundika Then Davadanti said, "Father, that surely is Nala. whispered the syllable of a magic spell into the horses' There was in our house no hunchback Hundika, who ears; took his seat in the chariot; and drove it off. (256) had such an accomplishment. (240) His change of As the chariot went along with the speed of the wind form is due to [bad] food or to the altering effect of a scarf fell off and was blown up in the breeze. When some form of karma, etc. The combined knowledge the chariot came to a stop, it (the scarf) was on the of elephants, giving of Igreat) gifts, and so forth-all ground twenty-five yojanas distant. (257) The king these are the positive characteristic marks of Nala. saw a vibhitaka-tree and stated that the number of (241) He must be brought here by whatever means (its) fruits was eighteen-thousand. Then the Hunch back knocked them down, counted them, and, to his The king's minister then proposed a means to the surprise, the count came out exactly. (258) Hundika king: "Order a second feigned svayamvara of Dava- taught Dadhiparna the art of horses and received the danti and invite King Dadhiparna. (242) Then, if science of calculation in return). At sunrise, the he is Nala, at the mention of the svayamvara he will chariot reached Kundinapura and stopped. The king come with the king. Nala, if living, would not endure was delighted. (259) his wife's disgrace. How will he remain there? (243) Meanwhile, Davadanti had a dream and, going to A near date should be set for the svayamvara. If he her father, she paid her respects and said, "A goddess comes then, he will be Nala, for the art of knowing a pointed out to me in Kosala a delightful garden. (260) horse's heart is a mark of Nala." (244) There was a large fragrant mango-tree covered with Bhima dispatched a messenger who went there and flowers and fruits. When I climbed up this superb said to Dadhiparna, "Bhimi's second svayamvara will divine tree a very dark bird, which had previously take place on the fifth day of the bright fortnight of flown up on it, fell down from the tree with the sound Caitra." (245) Hearing this, the king (thought), dhas.' (261) The goddess gave me a lotus in my "Today is the fourth. It would take me with diffi- hand." The king said, "It is clear that this is a fruitculty many days to make the journey." (And] he ful and favorable (dream]. The goddess is to be squirmed like a fish fallen in a fire. (246) Then known as your heap of merit; the pleasure garden must Hundika approached and said, "Why do you grieve, be considered the acquisition of the kingdom; (262) o hero? If I could learn the cause), then I would climbing the mango-tree is the pleasure of meeting remove it as the flood of a river does a tree." (247) with Nala; the fall of the bird, the destruction of "King Nala is now but the subject of story. There- Kubara's good fortune; [and] the splendid fragrance fore, a svayamvara has once more been arranged for of the beautiful lotus given you indicates that today Davadanti who is still young [and] I am impatient to your husband will be reunited with you." (263) wed her. (248) The svayamvara will be held to- At that time Dadhiparna had arrived at the gate morrow, and there are only six or seven pahars (and] Sumangala came and announced the good news. (watches) intervening. How, then, can I get there," King Bhima went to meet him. Davadanti's joy asked the king. (249) was beyond measure. (264) Then the wise Nala thought this in his mind: "Even Dadhiparna was taken to the palace by Bhima, if the sun should rise in the west, nevertheless the without his seeing the svayamvara. When he was daughter of King Bhima, who is the last word among alone, Bhima asked him, "How did you come?" virtuous women, would not even look at any man other Dadhiparna answered, "This very clever fellow, (265) (than me). (250) If Davadanti should make a choice Hundika, my cook, brought me here quickly, without at her second svayamvara, what woman, then, in this a stop." Bhima said to Hundika, "Let the clever one great sansara will act as is fit!" (251) But the mind prepare a sun-cooked dish." (266) He (Hundika) reof a woman, capricious like lightning, changes in a plied, "We have come in haste eager to witness Davamoment. With me alive, however, what man will danti's svayamvara. First, perform the svayamvarawed that jewel of women, Davadanti? (252) By ceremony. Afterwards, attend to the dish." (267) means of the power of my magic art I will take Dadhi- The king said further to Bhimi, "Except Nala no parna to the city of King Bhima in six pahars. I must one else pleases you. So what is the reason for the go with him for who can trust a woman?" (253) svayamvara? You say that you know of his death." The Hunchback then said, "I guarantee, if I take (268) (Davadanti said,] "The reason why Dadhi

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TRANSLATION VOL. 40, PT. 4, 1950] parna is to have him [Hundika] do this will be explained to you later. And so please have the dish prepared that everyone may eat of it." (269) Then he cooked the dish. Everyone ate it, which quickened their hearts. When Bhimi tested the taste of the dish, she exclaimed, trembling with joy, (270) "In Bharatakhanda only Nala, who is very clever, knows how to prepare a delicious sun-cooked dish. A great guru told me this very thing. Therefore, I know that he is surely Nala." (271) Taking him by the hand, the princess brought Hundika respectfully to the king and queen. They asked him to talk, but he would not confess. Turning he spoke to her patiently, thus: (272) "It is through a mistake in identifying me with that Nala that you have brought me to this private interview. You have never laid eyes on Nala [if] you recognize such a body [as his]! (273) Where is the comparison between King Nala, who is like Indra, and me, who am like a helldweller? If I am Nala, then I'm a king. Why shouldn't I admit it. Come with me! (Speaking to Davadanti). (274) As a master or as son-in-law spread [your] boundless love [upon me]. But leave me and pay [some] attention to Dadhiparna whom you invited. He is angry." (275) (Hundika to Dadhiparna), "Separation from the beloved is hard for one in the fullness of youth to endure, like the disease called samnipata. Davadanti is deranged by this. Why do you pay any attention to what she says? (276) (Hundika to Bhima), But recognition of magic arts is certainly no reliable criterion. How should I become master of more than one of the kalas either in this world or the next? (277) If you want me to become Nala, then I've become that King Nala. Give me Davadanti!" (278) At this speech everyone became inattentive. When each one began to get up, then the daughter of Bhima, putting aside her modesty, said, "Father, listen without passing censure. (279) There is one more test. Every hair on my body becomes erect with passion, o King, when [I] am touched by Nala's hand. Therefore do this, hunchback. Touch my body with your finger now." (280) Laughing, Hundika said, "How can the wife of Nala, with honorable intent, cause [a man] to touch her? This renowned conception of the chaste woman I regard as silly and doubtful. (281) But, maintaining my purity, I yield thus. How shall I touch her?" 339 [you]. Now, how will you go, false one? (285) Even if there were grief from dwelling in the forest; still a woman would gladly be married. But to marry and abandon [me] in this way-is this conduct worthy of you? (286) How did I offend you that you cause me [this] immeasurable grief? Even now, alas, you are not satisfied. [The fact that you] have to be convinced in this fashion torments me. (287) If you are concealing compassion for me, then do not create confusion [in me] concerning you. This curious talk of yours is poison to me. Lord of my life, be gracious! (288) [You're sending] an army against an anthill! Where has your mercy gone? Show me compassion in abundance as I grasp your feet, your. slave!" (289) Then the king forcibly moved Hundika's finger until he caused it to touch her. (282) The hair of Bhimi's body stood erect in delight. She said, "My doubt has now been dispelled. Though [he is] black and with deformed skeleton, nevertheless it is clearly Nala." (283) After sending out Bhima and the others, the girl (left) alone said, as she took Hundika's hand, "Listen well, while I tell you how chaste I have been. (284) I trusted you completely. Then you left me, hopeless, in the forest. Deceived into going to sleep, I lost Moved in his heart by the girl's words, King Nala, filled again with love, donned the ornaments which the god had given him, and was revealed in his true formnoble. (290) Beholding his divine body, she became intoxicated with joy. Now happy, Davadanti and the king graciously came outside. (291) Then King Bhimaratha, filled with joy, embraced the lord Nala, whose beauty was like Indra's, inducted him on his own golden throne, and with joined hands said to him with the most distinguished respect, "Kingdom, wealth, city, land, palace-all [these are] yours, your majesty. You are the lord, unequalled in power. I am your servant. (292) This is a marvel, indeed another birth, as it were. Disguising yourself, you thus concealed your identity. You don't believe in your heart that her mind has become unsteadied by love. [The fact that] she, so wise, confirming you and being certain in her mind, recognized you is sure proof, my good sir, of her chastity." (293) 26 Dadhiparna fell at Nala's feet and said, "You are my lord evermore. Whatever offenses I have committed in ignorance, forgive them all with kindly mind. (294) Through your help, o hero, I have crossed the sorrows [of the sansara], so difficult to pass over. You are my friend, like a brother." Said Nala affectionately, "Your merit knows no bounds!" (295) Then the pious Dhanadeva, the leader of the caravan, arrived. Davadanti greeted him affectionately, and, in delight, caused devotion to be paid him. The virtuous never in his heart forgets virtue. (296) At the request of his daughter King Bhima invited Srivasanta, because of his true service [to her], and Candrayasas and her husband, the most excellent King Rtuparna, together with their daughter, because of their love [shown towards Davadanti] in former times. (297) The chief of the monks, who had become a god through observing the Jain religion and attained the Saudharma-heaven, arrived by his supernatural power, a noble being. He bowed low to Nala's wife in the assembly and returned to heaven, raining down a shower of gold. (298) 26 See fn. 12.

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340 BENDER: THE NALARAYADAVADANTICARITA (TRANS. AMER. PHIL. SOC. Nala, after remaining there for a month, went with muni, Bharatakhanda was acquired by you under the a retinue consisting of the armies of all the kings to single umbrella of your rule. (312) Because you two) Kosala to recover his kingdom and wealth. The de- tormented the sadhu for twelve hours, there resulted ceitful Kubara trembled in fear. (299) Nala (then) [for you) twelve years of great separation." was victorious in dicing and regained the entire king- Upon hearing this Nala established in the kingdom dom. [Then he gave Kubara the heir-apparentship. his son, Puskala, 28 who was mighty and possessed (all] [While bards) extolled his virtues Nala dwelt in the virtues. (313) With Davadanti he, happy of happiness; his excellent fame spread a fragrance heart, received the restraints from the guru. Both through the three worlds. (300) Then all the kings in observed the five acaras, in conformity with the five assembly consecrated Nala king (again), and, going vows. (314) Both honored to the best of their ability [to him), embraced him in delight. (301) the rules of conduct, the restraints, tranquility of Through punya one wins prosperity and bliss. mind, zeal for emancipation, obstruction (of new Through punya one enjoys pleasure and delight. karma), control, contentment, discrimination, piety, Through punya one gains rebirth into the noblest propriety, and devotion to the Scripture. (315) family. Through punya there are treasures of gold One day the great rsi Nala became attached in his and pearls. (302) Through punya trouble is de- mind to the pleasures of the objects of the senses. stroyed. Every honor is accomplished through punya. Then, with discrimination, in order to obstruct further Through punya the dread of disease and sorrow is karma, that prince of munis undertook (death by] dispelled. Through punya every wish of the mind starvation. (316) Upon death he became a chief god comes to fruit. (303) Through punya there is fame in the Saudharma-heaven, the treasurer of great equal to Mount Meru; through punya prosperity, wealth-the best of the gods, Dhanada by name and victory, and well-being; through punya there is enjoyed surpassing pleasures and diversions. (317) abounding praise of virtues; through punya Nala re- And Davadanti, being without transgressions and gained his kingdom. (304) maintaining the burden of restraint with all her nature, Nala with his wife worshipped (all] the beautiful became the devi of Dhanada and was filled with great Jina shrines in the city, bathing [the images) with a bliss. (318) flood of scents, consisting of saffron, sandal, flowers, The devi was reborn as the excellent Kanakavati, and camphor, and with (offerings of] cakes. (305) the daughter of King Haricandra, lord of the city of Then he erected alms-houses and temples to the Jinas Pedhalaya. The king arranged her svayamvara. as huge as Mount Meru. Full of religious discern- The world-ruler Dhanada, being reborn, arrived there ment, the king performed and patronized in great and then married the [former) goddess. As the charmnumber pilgrimages and the drawing of rathas ing Vasudeva he delighted the Yadavas for a long (chariots) at holy places. (306) Continually enjoying time, supremely happy. While she was living in the dance, song, and delightful pleasures (and) perfect palace in the city of Baravati (her husband's home), health and the pleasures of love, King Nala reigned the illustrious Kanakavati, like King Bharata becomwith Davadanti for many thousands of years. (307) ing omniscient through the power of her piety, ob Then, one day, Nisadha, [who had become a god, tained salvation. (319) And Dhanada, having become arrived and said to Nala, "Listen, king, abandon the the treasure-keeper of Indra-the possessor of perfecdelightful pleasures of sense. Undertake a life of tion, firm like Mount Meru-through the instruction moral restraint and tranquility. (308) In this exist- of the Jinas, causing glory and victory, will gradually ence the pleasures of sense are cruel thieves who become purified in future existences, and, after having plunder the treasure of Discernment. What sort of a used up all his karma, will become Siva, the husband ruler is he, who does not control them? (309) Youth of Laksmi. (320) is unstable; wealth is vacillating; the senses, like F or this reason cultivate with unwavering attachpoison, are a storehouse of griefs; the jivas 27 do not ment the pure base of dharma, consisting of perfecgain satisfaction through the enjoyment of living; tion, alms-giving, good-conduct, piety, and meditamerit and sin, both, accompany them." (310) tion. Do you, a creature of low order, like the god or After awakening him in this manner, the god went great hero, who met with happiness, good fortune, to heaven. Nala in his mind experienced extreme dis- benefit, and beauty, cultivate these [bases of dharma] affection from the world. Learning that a guru had with complete perfection by your own effort. (321) arrived in the forest, the king and queen went to The reverend Jayakirti, prince of suris, head of the worship him. (311) After Nala had reverenced him, noble Ancala gaccha, the ganadhara, the guru, through the guru, on being asked by Nala the connection of whose fame destruction is driven afar, his pupil, Rsivardhana suri, with great joy composed in poetry the present) with his previous existences, told him all. the adventures of King Nala and Davadanti at the "In consequence of (your) gift of milk to the excellent 28 Tawney, 1895; the son's name is Puspala. 27 See Dasgupta, 1922: 188-190. 29 The rules of conduct; Jaini, 1940: 133.

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TRANSLATION VOL. 40, PT. 4, 1950] end of the Samvat year 1512, while he was staying in the city of Citrakuta,30 honored greatly by the community. He who recites or causes to be recited this tale, to him come success, prosperity, happiness, and joy. (322) 30 Chittor in Udaipur. See fn. 8 of Introduction. 341 Thus is completed the sacred tale of King Nala and Davadanti composed by sri Rsivardhana suri. Fourhundred and eighty-one are the slokas by count in the Prakrit tale according to the reckoning by separate akaras. May there be good fortune.

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V. GLOSSARY Pa. pers. Forms are arranged in the order of the devanagari amgaja 'son' nom. sg. msc.: (Skt. amgajal script. The letters B H P S placed in brackets amgabhusana 'ornaments' nom. pl. nt.: Icf. Skt. anga, Skt. after a form, indicate that it is found only in those bhusana amgabharana 'body-ornamentation' acc. sg. nt.: Id. Skt. anga, manuscripts. S (for Stem) marks forms occurring only as members of nominal compounds (with the amgali [P] see amguli exception of the last). Obl. marks nominal forms amgaharana (S] see amgabharana occurring before postpositions and adjectives modify amguli 'finger' inst. sg. msc.; [Skt. angula ing other nominal forms bearing oblique case-suffixes. acarija 'strange happening' nom. sg. nt.: (Pkt. accaria, accaria; Skt. ascarya) These forms have suffixes of the nominative-accusa- acala puri Acalapura' (N. of city) loc. sg. nt. tive, singular, functioning as those of the genitive, aciraju[H]; see acarija ablative, instrumental, and locative. (See discussion ach- acch- 'be'achaum 'am' 1 p. sg. pres. indic.; achai acchai of case-suffixes, under Declension, and note the com 3 p. sg.: (see ch.) paratively few instances of forms with oblique case ajala 'waterless, dry' adj., acc. sg. f.; (cf. Skt. a, privative, and jalam 'water"] suffixes occurring before postpositions.) An exhaus- ajani 'ignorant' adj., obl. sg. msc.; nom. sg. f., [Skt. ajnanin) tive etymological study of each form has not been aji 'now' adv. pursued. Cognates and possible cognates are given ajiya 'now' adv.; (cf. aji) in brackets. aju [S] 'now' ajuali (B] ; see ujjiyali ABBREVIATIONS ajja 'now' adv. ajjuali [H] ; see ujjtyali abl. = ablative MG - Modern Gujarati amcalagacha 'Ancala gaccha' S. ass. = accusative nt. neuter amcali amcala [B] 'edge of garment' loc. sg. msc.: [Skt. ancala) act. = active noun amjana 'cosmetics' nom. sg. nt.: [Skt. anjana] adj. = adjective nom. = nominative atavi 'forest' nom. sg. f.; afavi loc. sg.: (Skt. afavi] = adverb obl. = oblique afaviya 'forest' nom. sg. f.; see afavi Apbh. = Apabhramsa opt. - optative atthadasa *18'; cf. athadasa; (Pkt. affhadasa) Ar. - Arabic OG - Old Gujarati athara '18'; cf. adhara; (Pkt. affhara) caus. = causative Pali adhara '18'; cf. athara, sahasa adhara '18,000 conj. = conjunction pst.pt. - past participle and 'eating' nom. sg. nt.: (? cf. Whitney's Roots under ad- 'eat' c.p. = conjunctive pass. - passive and anna participle = personal anai 'and' conj. [cf. MG. ane 'and') dem. = demonstrative Pers. Persian anadesi 'not having seen' c.p.; (cf. MG. anadiffha 'unseen' and e. cmp = end of compound = person dekhvu 'see'; Pa. dakkhiti, dakkhati; Skt. drs-] emph. = emphatic - plural anasana 'vow to abstrain from food until death' nom. sg. nt.: encl. enclitic postp. = postposition (MG. anasan; Pkt. anasana; Skt. anasana) excl. = exclamation Pkt. = Prakrit ana- 'cause to be brought'; anavau grnd., nom. sg. msc.; anavi feminine = precative anaviya (BS) c.p.: (cf. MG. anavvul fut. = future prep. - preposition atikurupa "very ugly' adj., nom. sg. gen. = genitive pres. = present atikhamli 'extreme self-control' obl. sg. f. cf. Skt. ksanti] grndv. = gerundive pres.pt. - present participle alighana "great' adj., nom.-obl. sg. msc.; alighanai inst. sg. msc.; = Hindi pron. = pronoun alighani obl. sg. f., atighana 'very much' obl. sg. f. impv. = imperative = relative aligharu (H) 'very much, great' adj., nom. sg. msc.; alighanaum indef. = indefinite Skt. = Sanskrit nom. sg. nt., atighand nom. pl. nt.: (cf. MG. alighani 'very ind. = indicative sg. = singular much') inf. = infinitive suff. suffix aticitta [H] 'great marvel' obl. sg. nt.; cf. Pkt. citta and Skt. interr. = interrogative vb. = verb cittra 'wonder, extraordinary appearance'] inst. = instrumental VOC. - vocative atisama "very black' adj., nom. sg. nt.; [atisyama) loc. = locative = first atisukumala "very soft' adj., acc. sg. msc. Mar. = Marathi = second atihi[m] 'greatly, very' ady. Mah. = Maharastri - third athora 'great' adj., nom. sg. nt.; (cf. Pkt. attkuriya) msc. = masculine adabhatta [H] see adabhuta adabhuta 'marvelous, wonderful' adj., obl. sg.: [Skt. adbhuta] adhaksana "half-instant' loc. sg. msc.; [Skt. ardhaksana) amsue 'tears' inst. pl. nt.; (cf. Pkt. antsuya and Skt. asru adhakhina [B] see adhaksara akala 'complete' adj., nom. sg. msc.; [Skt. akala) adhama 'base, vile' adj., nom. sg. msc.; [Skt. adhama) akkhamti'impatience' nom. sg. f.: (Skt. aksanti) adhika 'superior, surpassing' adj., nom. sg. f.; adhika nom. sg. akhira (B) 'syllables' acc. pl. nt.: (see aksara] nt.; [Skt. adhika] aksara "letters, syllables' acc. pl. nt.: [Skt. aksara] adhikau 'surpassing, more' adj., nom. sg. nt.: [Skt. adhika) agadha (HJ 'great' adj., nom. sg. msc.; agadha nom. pl. nt.: anai 'and' conj. (cf. anai (above) and MG. ane] (Skt. agadha anamamta 'not bowing' adj., nom. sg. msc.; (cf. Skt. nam-] agadhu 'great' adj., nom. sg. msc.; [Skt. agadha) anamuliu (B] ; see unamuliu aggi 'fire' loc. sg. msc.; [Pkt. aggi, Skt. agni) aniyala 'not fixed' adj., nom. sg. msc.; [Skt. aniyata] aghora [B] "dreadful, terrible adj., nom. sg. nt.: (MG. and H. anupama 'peerless, matchless' adj., S.; (Skt. anupama, and d. aghora) anopama (above)] amga 'body, limb' S.; amgo abl. sg. nt.: amgi inst. sg.; amga aneka 'many' adj., obl. pl. msc.; aneki inst. pl. f., aneka obl. amgi loc. sg.: (Skt. anga) pl. f.; [Skt. aneka] 342 p. pl. prec. H. rel. CAN

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VOL. 40, PT. 4, 1950) GLOSSARY 343 avilamba 'straightway' adv.; (Skt. avila mbam 'without delay'] aviveka 'absence of judgment' acc. sg. msc.; [Skt. aviveka] afukana 'inauspicious omen' acc. sg. nt., see asakuna; (Skt. asakuna) asta "horse' S. msc. [Skt. asval a suakala "art of horses' nom. sg. f.; [Skt. astakala] asfapadi 'Mt. Astapada' loc. sg.; asta pada (B] loc. sg.; asta pada obl. sg., [Skt. asta pada (msc.) 'Mt. Kailasa') asakuna IHI 'inauspicious amenace sent ISL nabuwal asampa ? 'disharmonious' adj., obl. sg.; cf. MG. sampa (msc.) 'union, harmony' asi 'sword' nom. sg. msc.; asi acc. sg.; asi inst. sg.; [Skt. asi] asukana [B] see asukana asesa 'unharmed, complete adj., nom. sg. f.; (Pkt. asesa, Skt. asesa] a hava 'however, but' conj.; [Pkt. ahava, ahava, and Skt. athava] ahamkara "pride' acc. sg. msc. aham 'here' adv.; [cf. MG, ahi, ahid) ahi 'snake-form' nom. sg. msc.; ahi acc. sg.: [Skt. ahi] akinana 'mark of recognition' nom. pl. nt.; [Pkt. ahinana ahinnana, Skt. abhijnana) ahinana 'mark of recognition' nom. sg. nt.: (cf. ahinana, above ahival 'lord, prince' nom. pl. msc.; [Pkt. ahisai, Skt. adhipati) ahe "then conj.; [Pkt. Che aha, Skt. atha ahobhavika 'of low existence' adj., S.: (cf. Skt. adhobhava 'lower': Pkt. aho, Skt. adhas 'below'; and Skt. bhavaka 'being, existence'] anerau 'another' adj., nom. sg. msc.; aneri nom. sg. f.; lof. Skt. an yatara and MG. aneru) anopama 'peerless' adj., nom.-obl. sg. msc.; [Skt. anaupamya) amta 'death' obl. sg. msc., amti [B] loc. sg. msc.; [Skt. anta) amtaramga 'unsteady' adj., nom. sg.: (cf. MG. antarang) amtara difference' nom. sg. nt.; [Skt. antara) antara "in between' adv.; [Skt. antaram] amtarai (H] ; see amiara ya amtard ya 'obstacle' nom. sg. msc.: (MG, antaray, Skt. antara ya amteuri 'harem' acc. sg. f., amteuri S.; [Pkt. amteuri, Skt. antakpuriki] amdhalaum 'blind' adj., nom. sg. msc.; cf. Skt. andha] amna 'other, second' adj., nom.-obl. sg., anna [B] obl. sg.; [Pkt. anna, Skt. anya) aparddha 'offence, crime' nom. sg. msc., a paradha nom. pl.; [Skt. aparadha) apara 'endless, boundless' adj., nom.-obl. sg. msc., a para obl. pl.; [Skt. a paral apara endlessly' adv.; [Skt. a param] a pav. 'cause to be given', a pavi impv., 2 p. sg.: [MG. a pawa appana "own' adj., obl. sg. nt.; [Pkt. appara, cf. Skt. atmiyal a pramana "incorrect knowledge' nom. pl. nt., [Skt. a pramana) abala 'weak' adj., obl. sg. f.; [Skt. abala) abala 'woman' nom. sg. f.; abala loc. sg. f.; abala S.; [Skt. abala] abajha 'foolish, senseless' adj., nom. sg. msc.; [Pkt. abujjha, cf. Skt. abudhva] abeu "departed' adj., nom. sg. msc.; cf. Pkt. ave- and Skt. apa + iabhamga 'unbroken' adj., obl. sg. msc., abhamga S.; cf. MG. abhanga and Skt. abhagna] abhamga 'continually' adv.; (see above] abhigraha 'vow' acc. sg. msc.; [Skt. abhigraha abhiprim 'wish' inst. sg. msc.; [Skt. abhi praya abhimana 'pride, self-conceit' acc. sg. msc.. [Skt. abhimana) abhirama "beautiful, delightful' adj., nom. sg. msc. and nt.; [Skt. abhirama abhyasa 'instruction, study' acc. sg. msc., abhyasi inst. sg.: [Skt. abhyasa! amamda 'not little, great' adj., obl. sg. nt.: [Skt. amanda) amara 'god' S., msc.; [Skt. amara] amarasai 'Amaravati' (N. of city) S. amari 'goddess' nom. sg. f., amari amari acc. sg.; [Pkt. amari (f), of. Skt. amara (m)] amba 'mango-tree' nom. sg. msc., amba acc. sg., amba S.; (Pkt. amba, Skt. amral ambara 'sky' nom. sg. nt.; (Skt. ambara) amkarau four' adj., nom. sg. msc., amhariya obl. sg. f.; cf. Tessitori, $ 84] amhi-je 'in the manner' adv.; (see Tessitori, 898] amhe-je (B] see amhi-je arathaha 'wealth' gen. sg. msc.; [Skt. artha) aradhaum "half' adj., obl. sg. nt.: [Skt. ardha aranoda ya ; see arunoda ya aramina [P] 'forest'obl. sg. nt., cf. arana; [Skt. aranya m arahadi ? 'bad habit' nom. sg. arihanta "Arhat' S. msc.; (cf. Pkt. arika arha, Skt. arhat] arunodai 'sun-rise' loc. sg. msc.; [Skt. arunodaya) avagani "treated with disrespect' adj., nom. sg. 1., (Pkt, avaga, Skt. ava + ganay. avatariya 'descended, made appearance' pst. pt., nom. pl. f.; [cf. Skt. avatarita 'caused to descend, taken down') avataraim 'appeared' pres. indic., 3 p. sg.: [Skt. ana + taray avalara 'incarnation, rebirth' nom. sg. msc.; avatara acc. sg.; [Skt. avatara) asalaru (H); see aratara avadata "pure, chaste' adj., nom. sg. f.; [Skt. avadata] avara 'other' adj., nom. sg. msc.; avara obl. sg. msc.; asara obl. pl. msc.; avara nom. sg. f.; avara nom. sg. nt.; [Pkt. avara, Skt. apara) avasari 'opportunity, occasion' loc. sg. msc.; [Skt. avasara] avicala "unwavering' adj., obl. sg. msc.; [Skt. avicala) .- 'come', diyu aiu (BH) pst. pt., nom. sg. msc.; cf. H. ana, Pkt. a-) a 'he' pron., nom. sg. msc. a 'this' dem. adj., nom. sg. msc. amuagani (HJ "treated with disrespect' nom. sg. 1.; see avagani amsa [B], amstya [H] inst. pl. nt.; see amste; (Pkt. amsuya) amdhala [P] 'blind' adj., nom. sg.msc.; see amdhalaum amdhalau [S] 'blind' adj., nom. sg. msc.; see amdhalaum ambalu 'mango-tree' nom. sg.; cf. amba akarau 'fierce' adj., nom. sg. msc.; cf. MG. akarai 'difficult, hot tempered"] agalau, agalu 'preeminent, first' adj., nom. sg. msc.; (cf. MG. agli, agla 'surpassing' and Pkt. agga, Skt. agra 'first, chief) agala (B] ; see agalau agali 'before postpos., (cf. MG. aga! (adv.) 'before and agala, above] agali 'at first, in front' adv.; cf. MG. agal (adv.) and agala, above] aghaum, aghum [BH] "guest' nom. sg. msc.; (cf. Pkt. aggha and Skt. arghya 'deserving respectful reception (as a guest) aghau 'far off, distant' adv.; cf. MG. aghu (adj.)] acara 'custom, practice' nom. sg. msc.; acara acc. sg. acari acarim (H) inst. sg.; [Skt. acara] aja 'today' adv.; [Pkt. ajja, Skt. adya) ajama 'most respectful, worshipful' adj., acc. sg. msc.: (cf. Pkt. ajjama and Skt. aryaman, and MG, ajam, epithet or designa tion for a great or honored personage] atha '8'; [Pkt. aftha, Skt. astha) atha 'piece of wood' obl. sg. msc.; [Pkt. oattha, Skt. kastha) afhadasa [B] '18'; see affhadasa an. 'bring': anau pres. indic., 2 p. pl.; ani impv., 2 p. sg.; aniu 'brought' pst. pt., nom. sg. msc., anau (PJ pst. pt., nom. sg. msc., anya pst. pt., nom. pl. msc., ani pst. pt., nom. sg. f.; ani anaya c.p.: lof. MG. anva, Pkt. an-, and Skt. a + ni.) an- 'know'; aai 'known' c.p.; cf. Pkt. anana "power, command' nom. sg. f.; ana obl. sg.: cf. MG. an and Skt. ajna] anamda puriim 'filled with delight' adj., inst. sg. msc. anamdiim 'joy' inst. sg. msc., anamdii [S] inst. sg., anamdailm] [B] inst. sg.; [Skt. ananda] anamdiu 'delighted' adj., nom. sg. msc.; [Skt. anandita) ala pa 'heat of sun' nom. sg. msc.; [Skt. ata pa] athara (B), athari 'help, aid' inst. sg. msc.; (Pkt. atthara)

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344 BENDER: THE NALARAYADAVADANTICARITA (TRANS, AMER. PHIL. SOC. iya emph.; cf. i (Pkt. iya, ii; Skt. itil isiu 'such, of this sort' adj., nom. sg. msc., isiy nom. sg. msc., isyam 'such' acc. pl.msc.; isi nom. sg. f., isi inst. sg. f.; isium nom. sg. nt., isye loc. pl. nt.; (cf. Dave, p. 121, Skt. idrsika-, Pa. idisa-, Pkt. Tisa-l i 'this' dem. adj., nom. sg. msc.; i obl. sg. msc.id. MG. I i excl.; cf. MG. 1 i emph.; cf. i, iya iya 'thus' conj.: (Pkt. ia, Skt. iti] ih- 'look at, consider': Thai pres. indic., 3 p. sg.: [Pkt. ih-, Skt. iks-, ih-] adar. 'undertake, accept'; idari impv., 2 p. sg., adarau 2 p. pl.; ddari c.p.: (cf. MG, adarva, Pkt. adar, Skt. + dr.) adara 'regard, care' acc., sg. msc.; adari inst. sg., adara (B] inst. sg.; [Skt. adara] adika 'etc. adj., nom, and obl. pl.; adika S.; (cf. H. adika and Skt. adi) adhari "protection, patronage' inst. sg. msc.; see athari; ld. Skt. adhara] anamdiim 'joy' inst. sg. msc.: (Skt. ananda] anamdiyu ; see anamdiu apa 'self, true character' nom. sg. msc.; apa S. (Pkt. appa, Skt. atman) apa 'you' acc. sg. msc.; apa obl. sg. msc.; lef. apa, above, and usage in modern vernaculars] a pana (B) Town' adj., obl. sg. nt.; cf. apa apanaum 'own' adj., nom. sg. nt.; apanai loc. sg. msc.; see apa apal- 'falls upon'; a palai pres. indic., 3 p. sg.: cf. Pkt. pal., Skt. pal- and a + pat-] apkal- 'flap, shake': aphalaim pres. indic., 3 p. sg., aphalaim 3 p. pl. ama 'thus' adv.; [MG. am] arana 'forest' obl. sg. nt.: (Pkt. arana, Skt. aranyam] arali "lamp-waving ceremony' nom. sg. 1., (MG. arati] aradh- 'worship'; aradhai pres. indic., 3 p. sg. arah- 'cling fast': drahi (BP) pst. pt., nom. sg. 1.; cf. aruhi; [Pkt. arah-, Skt. a + rabharadh- 'honor'; aradhai (S) pres. indic., 3 p. pl.; cf. arahaim; [Pkt. arah-, Skt. a + radhay.) arama 'garden' nom. sg. msc.; arama loc. sg.: [Skt. arama) arah- 'honor': drahain pres., indic., 3 p. pl.; cf. aridhaim (Pkt. arah-, Skt. d + radhayaruh- 'climb up'; aruhi pst. pt., nom. sg. f.; druhi c. p.: (Pkt. aruh-, Skt. a + ruharog- 'taste, eat'; drogai pres. indic., 3 p. sg.: (Pkt. arogg-, MG. arogva] alamg-'embrace'; alamgi c. p.; see alimgi alimg-'embrace'; alimgi c. p.; (MG. alingvu, Pkt. alimg., Skt. a + limg-) alok- 'look at, behold'; alokamil pres. pt., nom. sg. f.; cf. MG. alokvi and Pkt. alokkamta, Skt. d + lokay-1 au- 'come to, arrive, approach'; availm) pres. indic., 3 p. sg.. avaim 3 p. pl.; avatau pres. pt., nom. sg. msc., avatau avatu [B] acc. sg. msc.; aviu aviyu (H) aviyu pst. pt., nom. sg. msc., avii[m] loc. sg. msc., dvya nom. pl. msc., avyi obl. pl. msc., avi nom. sg. f., avis nom. sg. nt.; avisiim) anasaim [B] fut., 3 p.sg. avi aviya c. p.: (MG. avvu, Pkt. dv., Skt. a pay- asaim hope' inst. sg. f.; [Skt. asa] asamna 'near' adj., obl. sg.: [Skt. asanna) asana (H), asari "throne' loc. sg. nt.: [Skt. asana asalti "attachment' inst. sg. f.; [Skt. asakti] asadh- 'worship'; dsadhai (H) pres. indic., 3 p. sg.: (cf. Skt. a + sradhahara 'food' nom. sg. msc.; ahari, ahara inst. sg. msc.; [Skt. ahara) ahi 'anxiety' nom sg. f.; [Pkt. ahi, Skt. adhi] ahiraha "herdsman' gen. sg. msc.: (Pkt. ahira, Skt. ahira] u emph.; (see Tessitori, $ 104; and Skt. Pkt. MG. ] ukamau 'with hair standing on end' adj., nom. sg. msc.; (Skt. utkantakita) ukamhau 'repenting' adj., nom. sg. msc.; Ief. Skt. utkantha 'regretting') ucita 'proper, suitable adj., nom. sg. msc.; ucita obl. sg. nt.; [Skt. ucita] ucca 'high' adj., obl. sg. msc.: [Skt. ucca] uchaka [B] ; see uchuka uchara 'joy' nom. sg. msc., uchava 'celebration' acc. sg.: uchasi inst. sg.; uchava loc. sg.: uchava acc. pl.; uchave inst. pl.; ucshase loc. pl., [Pkt. ucshava, Skt. utsava] uchahi 'delighted' pst. pt., nom. sg. f.; (Pkt. ucchah-, Skt. ut + sahuchahi 'eagerly, with great zeal' adv.; [the c.p. of uchah-, see uchahi, above] uchuka 'eager' adj., nom. sg. msc.: (Pkt. uccua, Skt. utsuka] ujjuyali ? 'having burnt up' c.p.: (cf. Skt. ud + jual 'blaze up') ud- 'fly up, appear': udae (PS) pres. indic., 3 p. sg. udha waum 'garment' acc. sg. nt.; udhanai loc. sg.; udharaum obl. sg.: [cf. Pkt. uddhanaudhani (B) ; see udhani udhani 'head-break' acc. sg. f.: (see Mehta and Mehta, p. 177, MG. udhani = idhoni (1) 'a circular thing placed on the head to break the weight of a burden') udh- 'take away, accept': udhi (S) udhiya c.p.: ldf. Pkt. uddhiya, uddharia and Skt. uddhrtal uddhas- 'become erect'; uddhasa im pres. indic., 3 p. pl.; note B variant, udhasai; d. Pkt. udhusiya, Skt. uddhusita) utakamthi "longing for' adj., nom. sg. f.; [Skt. utkanthal utarai 'camp' loc. sg. msc.: I. MG. utarol ute 'there' adv.; (cf. H. utal uttamga 'high' adj., obl. sg. msc.; [Skt. uttunga] ullama "best, auspicious' adj., S.; (Skt. uttamal utara 'at the end' adj., obl. sg. nt.: [Skt. uttara] utumga [H] 'high'; see uttamga utthapi c.p.; see ithapudai 'appearance' loc. sg. msc.; [Pkt. ada ya, Skt. udaya udai [PS] 'prosperity' nom. sg. msc.; udai S.; see uda ya, following udaya (BH) 'appearance' loc. sg. msc.; see udai, above udaya 'prosperity, success' nom. sg. msc., udaya S.; lof. udai and Skt. udaya) udara 'noble adj., nom. sg. msc.; [Skt. udara] udaru 'noble' adj., nom. sg. msc., see udara udbhata [B] ; see adabhuta udhas- 'become erect'; udha sai pres. indic., 3 p. pl.; cf. uddhas-, of. Pkt. uddhusiya, Skt. uddhusita) unamuliu uprooted' pst. pt., nom. sg. msc.; cf. Skt. unmila *uprooted'] u pagara 'favor, aid' nom. sg. msc.; upagara acc. sg.: Id. MG. upagara, upakara, and Skt. upakara] u paradha [B] ; see a paradha upari 'to' postpos.; (Skt. uparil upasama B] 'tranquillity of mind' acc. sg. msc.: (Skt. upa sama, and of. wasamal ulakh- 'recognize': ulakhya (H) pst. pt., nom. pl. msc., ulakhi [P] nom. sg. f., see under ulas-, following i emph.; cf. iya ika 'one': [Pkt. ikka, Skt. eka] ika [B] 'once' adv. ikkhaga [S] 'Iksvaku' voc. sg. msc.; ikhaga (BJ S.; see ikkhagu ikkhagu 'Iksvaku' voc. sg. msc.; ikhagu S.: (Pkt. ikkhagu, Skt. ikssaku 'descendant of Iksvaku') iga 'one'; cf. ika; [Pkt. iga, ikka, ekka, eka; Skt. eka] icha, iccha 'desire' nom. sg. f.: (Skt. iccha] imdra 'Indra' obl. sg. msc.; indra S.; [Skt. indra] indrabhui [PS] ; see indrabhuya imdrabhuya 'like Indra' adj., nom. sg. msc.; cf. Skt. indra and Pkt. bhua, Skt. bhuta) imdrani 'Indrani' acc. sg. f.; [Skt. indrani 'wife of Indra'] ima 'thus' adv.; d. ema indrabhadra' obl. geom. sg. f.: (sk

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VOL. 40, PT. 4, 1950) GLOSSARY 345 ulas- 'recognize': ulasya pst. pt., nom. pl. msc., ulasi nom. sg. f.; ulasi c.p.; (see Dave, p. 123, Skt. upalaksitah, Pa. upalakkhito, Pkt. ualakkhiol uluka 'fool' nom. sg. msc., [cf. Skt. uluka 'owl'] ulyam 'gone off, distant' adj., acc. pl. nt.: (cf. Pkt. ullial ullasi 'delighted, happy' adj., nom. sg. msc., ullasiya nom. sg. msc., ullasi inst. sg. msc.; ullasi nom. sg. f.; cf. Pkt. ullasia, Skt. ulla sita) ulhasi [B] 'delighted, happy' adj., nom. sg. msc., ulhasi [BH] inst. sg.: ulhasi (BH) nom. sg. f.; cf. Belsare, p. 164, ulhasa, ullasa (m) 'delight' and ullasi (adj) 'delightful, cheerful'; see ullasi, above] utasama 'tranquillity of mind' acc. sg. msc.; (Pkt. uvasama, Skt. upasama) e "this' dem. adj., nom. sg. msc.; e acc. sg. ini inst. sg.; e nom. sg. f.; e, eha (H), eya (B) nom. sg. nt.; e, eha acc. sg.; ini, eni (B), ini, ina, enai [B] inst. sg.: ini, enai (B), ini (S] loc. sg.: see Tessitori, $ 891 eka 'one, alone' adj., nom. sg. msc.; eki inst. sg., eka obl. sg.; eka nom. sg. f.; [Skt. ekal eka Tonce' adv., cf. above. ekamti 'privately' adv.; lef. Pkt. ekkamta, Skt. ekante] ekaladau 'alone' adj., nom. sg. msc.; Idf. MG. eklu 'alone and eka 'above'l ekali 'alone' adj., nom. sg. f.; ekali obl. sg. f.; [cf. MG. eklu and Pkt. ekkallal ete "here' adv.; (cf. H. ita ema 'thus, in this manner' adv.; (cf. MG. em, Pkt. ema, Skt. etiam evada 'such' adj., nom. sg. msc.; evada nom. sg. nt.: [cf. MG. eoda) rsi [B] 'sage' nom. sg. msc.; rsi acc. sg.: rsi S.; [Skt. rsi] rsibhadeta 'Rsibhadeva' S.; [Skt. rsabhadeva] tiemph.; see u sig. 'appear, become visible'; ugai pres. indic., 3 p. sg.: [Pkt. ugg-, Skt. ad + gam-] ucar. 'cry': acaraim pres. indic., 3 p. pl., cf. MG. ucarva, Pkt. seccar., Skt. ut + caray-] uchal- 'go upwards'; tichalai pres. indic., 3 p. pl.; achalium [P] pst. pt., nom. sg. msc.: (cf. Pkt. ucshalfchaha, fichahi 'joy, delight' inst. sg. msc.; [Pkt. ucshaha, Skt. utsaha) tuthiu[m] 'set out' pst. pt. nom. sg. mac.; athi, uthi c.p.; [Pkt. uth-, Skt. ud + stha] ud-'appear, fly up'; tidae udai (BH) pres. indic., 3 p. sg.; udi pst. pt., nom. sg. f.; cf. MG. udvu, H. udna) utar. 'descend'; itarai pres. indic., 3 p. sg.; cf. following utar- 'scatter, take off'; narai (B), utarae pres. indic., 3 p. utarai 3 p. pl.; nitriim pass., 3 p. sg.; ulari c.p.: 1. MG. utarva, Pkt. uttar., Skt. u + larayutarai 'camp' loc. sg. msc.; stara nom. pl.; stare loc. pl.; cf. MG. utaro] uthap. 'lift up'; uthapai pres. indic., 3 p. sg.; (cf. MG. uttha pun and Skt. utthapayadampa ? 'arrogant,' adj., nom. sg. msc. udara ? 'exalted,' adj., nom. sg. f.; lef. Skt. udara 'high, es teemed') udhariya 'raised up, exalted' pst. pt., nom. pl. f.,cf. Pkt. uddhar and Skt. ud + dhr., ud + hrti patariim [P] see utar-, above. upamnau 'reborn, conceived,' pst. pt., nom. sg. msc.; see follow ing. ti panaum 'reborn, appeared, produced' pst. pt., nom. sg. msc. and nt.; ti pana loc. sg.: (cf. Pkt. upanna, Skt. ulpanna] upama 'equality, resemblance' nom. sg. nt.: [cf. Skt. upama (f.) fequality, resemblance' upari 'on' postpos.; cf. upari. ti pari 'on, upon' adv.; cf. upari. u pahari 'brought near' c.p.; l. Skt. upa + hruparajium [B] 'acquired' pst. pt., nom. sg. msc.; see following. u paraji 'acquired' c.p.: (cf. MG. uparjuu, Skt. uparjayupariji 'acquired' c.p.: see aparaji. ubi- 'cause to erect'; nbhiim pass., 3 p. pl.; cf. Pkt. ubbh-] uibhau 'up, upright' adj., nom. sg. msc.; tibhai (B), ubhi inst. sg. msc.; lof. Pkt. ubbha, Skt. urdina) syari, uyariim [H] 'womb' loc. sg. nt.; (cf. Pkt. uyara, Skt. udara wlis (Hj ? 'exulted,' pst. pt., nom. sg.: Icf. Pkt. ullia and H. ulhna 'grow, exult') ti sara 'barren, grassless,' adj., obl. sg. nt.: Icf. Pkt. isara, Skt. i sara) kai 'either' conj.; [of. MG. ke; see Tessitori, $ 108) kautiga "marvel, curiosity' nom. sg. nt.: cf. Skt. kautuka) kamkana 'bracelets' S.; [Skt. kankana (nt)] kamcana 'gold' S.; [Skt. kancana (nt)] kamcanabhava (H] 'shower of gold' inst. sg. msc.: (cf. Skt. kancana and kanagabhara of other mss. kajja 'deed' acc. sg. nt.: [Skt. karya! kataka 'army' nom. sg. msc.; kafaka inst. sg.: [Skt. kataka] kathora 'sharp, severe, cruel' adj., nom. sg. msc.; kathora nom. pl.; kathora obl. pl. nt.: [Skt. kathora] kadi 'waist' loc. sg. msc.; d. Pkt. kada, Skt. kata] kaduu 'bitter' nom. sg. msc.; (Pkt. kadua, kadu, and Skt. katuka, see H variant, karuul kana 'grain' S.; [Skt. kana (m)] kanai (B] see kanaya, following kanaga [S] S.; see kanaga, kanaka kana ya 'gold' acc. sg. nt.; kana ya S.: (Pkt. kana ya, kanaga, Skt. kanaka] kamtha "throat, neck' acc. sg. msc.; kamthi loc. sg.: [Skt. kantha) kathani 'story, statement' inst. sg. nt.: (Skt. kathana] kathasesa 'one of whom nothing remains but his life-story, dead' adj., nom. sg. msc.; [Skt. kathasesa] kathasesa [S] see above kadamba 'Kadamba' nom. sg. msc. kadi 'ever' adv.: (cf. MG. kadi 'ever, at any time') kanaka 'golden' adj., obl. sg. nt.; kanaka S.; [Skt. kanaka] kanakarati 'Kanakavati' nom. sg. f. kanaga 'gold' S.; (Pkt. kanaga, Skt. kanaka (nt)] kamta "husband' nom. sg. msc.; cf. MG, kanta, Skt. kanta) kamti, kamta [H] 'splendor, beauty' inst. sg. f.; [Skt. kanti) kamdaka "cluster, ball' nom. pl.; cf. Skt. kanda (msc., nt.)] kamduka [P] see kamdaka kanya 'bride, girl' nom. sg. f.; kanya inst. sg.; kanya obl. sg.; (Skt. kanya] kanhali "beside, near' postpos.; cf. MG. kane 'near') ka pari 'camphor' inst. sg.: (cf. Skt. kar pura (msc., nt.)] kamala 'lotus' nom. sg. nt.: kamala S.; [Skt. kamala (msc., nt.), MG. kamal (nt)] kampiu 'trembled' pst. pt., nom. sg. msc.: (Skt. kamp-] kamma "karma' acc. sg. nt.: [Skt. karman) kar. 'do, make, perform'; karaum, karum pres. indic., 1 p. sg.. karai 3 p. sg., karaim, karaimti, karamli, karatai (PS) 3 p. pl.; kari, kari, kare impv., 2 p. sg.; karau, karu 2 p. pl.; karisi, karasi [B] fut., 2 p. sg.: karatau pres. pt., nom. sg. msc., karamtaim inst. sg. msc., karatam abl. sg. ( adv.); kaya, kai (B) pst. pt., nom. pl.msc., kai nom. sg. f.,cf. Pkt. kaya, Skt. krta); kiu pst. pt., nom. sg. msc., kiu obl. sg. msc., kiu[mnom. sg. nt.; kiyau isi, kiya (PS) pst. pt., nom. sg. msc., kiya obl. sg. msc., kiya nom. sg. f.; kiddha, kidha, kidhau, kidhu (H) pst. pt., nom. sg. e excl.; (cf. MG. e, Skt. el e emph.; cf. Skt. e) EUR, cha, chu 'he, this one,' pron., nom. sg. mec., cha gen. sg., ini, enai (B), iniim (B] inst. sg.; e nom. pl.; e nom. sg. f.; eha acc. sg. f.; cha, iha (S) gen. sg. f.; cha nom. sg. nt.: e acc. sg.; eha, ehu (S) gen. sg.: enai (BJ loc. sg.; e nom. pl.; e acc. pl.; (see Tessitori, $ 891

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346 BENDER: THE NALARAYADAVADANTICARITA TRANS. AMER. PHIL. SOC. msc., kidha nom. pl. msc., kiddha, kidhum (H), kidhaum nom. sg. nt.; kari, kariya c.p.; [cf. Pkt. kar-, Skt. kr.) kara 'hand' acc. sg. msc.; kari, kara inst. sg.; kari loc. sg.; kara acc. pl.; kara S.; (Skt. kara) kara 'hands' acc. pl. msc.; cf. Skt. kara (msc.) 'a measure') kara 'maker, producer' acc. sg. msc.: (Skt. kara) kari 'effort, doing' inst. sg. msc.; [Skt. kara) karamka 'skeleton' nom. sg. msc.; [cf. Skt. karazka (msc.) 'any bone of body's karamdi 'casket' loc. sg.: (cf. Pkt. karamdi] karani 'cause, reason' inst. sg. f.; [cf. Skt. karani (f.)] karana 'causing' adj., obl. sg. nt.; ldf. Skt. karana) karamai 'withered' pres. indic., 3 p. sg.: Id. MG. karmavit 'wither, fade,' and Pkt. karama (adj.) 'exhausted'] karaha 'camels' acc. pl. msc.; [Pkt. karaha, Skt. karabha karas- 'cause to be made'; karavai pres. indic., 3 p. sg.; karavi impv., 2 p. sg.; karavilm pass., 3 p. sg.; karaviu pst. pt., nom. sg. msc., karaviya, karavyam (B] obl. pl. msc., kardwyd nom. pl. nt.; karaya pst. pt., nom. sg. msc.; (caus. of kar-, cf. MG. karavou kari elephants' acc. pl. msc.; [Skt. kari] kari, kari 'with, by' postpos.; (c.p. of kar-) kariya postpos.; see kari, above karuna "compassion' S.; [Skt. karuna (f.)] karuu [H] see kadar kar puri [H] 'camphor' inst. sg.; [Skt. kar pura (msc., nt.)] karma 'karma' obl. sg. nt.; karma S.; [Skt. karman] karmagati 'evolution of karma' nom. sg. f.; [Skt. karmagati] kalamka 'spot, faw' nom. sg. msc.; [Skt. kalanka) kalatta 'wife' nom. sg. f.; [Skt. kalatra] kalatra (H) 'wife' nom. sg. f.; kalatra acc. sg. f.; [Skt. kalatra] kalasa "holder, pot' loc. sg. msc.; [Skt. kalasa (msc.) 'pot used as holder') kala 'art, skill' nom. sg. f.; kala obl. sg.; kala nom. pl.; kala acc. pl.; kala S.; [Skt. kala) kali 'sweet-toned)' adj., inst. sg. msc.; [Skt. kala kaliu 'urged on' pst. pt., nom. sg. msc.; cf. Pkt. kal-, Skt. kalaykalita 'affixed, plated' adj., nom. sg. f.; [Skt. kal-'affix, tie'] kalesa [B] see kilesa; cf. H. kalesa] kalesu [H] see kilesa; (cf. H. kalesal kalya [P] see kala 'art, skill' kalyana 'well-being' nom. sg. nt.: [Skt. kalyana] kavana 'who' interr. pron., nom. sg. msc.; kuna, kuna nom. sg. msc.; (see Tessitori, $ 911 kavana, kuna 'which, what' interr. adj., nom. sg. f.; kuna acc. sg. f.; kuna nom. sg. nt.; (see Tessitori, 891) kavita 'verse, poem' nom. sg. nt.; cf. MG, kavita (nt.), Skt. kavita (f.)] kasium (BP] 'what sort of adj., nom. sg. nt.; see kisium] kah- tell'; kahaum pres. indic., 1 p. sg., kahai, kahii (B) 3 p. sg.; kahi impv., 2 p. sg., kahau 2 p. pl.; kahijja, kahija (P), kahiju [S] prec., 2 p. sg. (see Tessitori, $120); kahisi, kahisii (H) pass., fut., 3 p. sg.; kahatam pres. pt., abl. sg. (= adv.); kahi, kahiya pst. pt., nom. sg. f., kahium nom. sg. nt.; kahi c.p.: (cf. MG. kahva, Pkt. kah-, Skt. kathay-] kahevi 'recited, uttered' c.p.: (cf. MG. kahevu] kahai 'where, anywhere' adv.; (cf. H. kahi] kahi[m] 'where?' adv.; (cf. H. kahi and see kihim] kahi "teaching' inst. sg.; (cf. Pkt. kaha, Skt. katha (1.)] kausagga (B) 'Kayotsarga-stance' acc. sg. msc.; kausaga (B] loc. sg.; see kasaga; (cf. Skt. kayotsarga, Mah. kaussaga) kam 'why?' adv.; [cf. MG. ka] kami[m] 'why?' adv.; cf. kam kaim 'why?' adv.; cf. kam kaja need, occasion nom. sg. nt.; kajiim loc. sg.; (Pkt. kajja, Skt. karyal kajala 'soot-black' S.; cf. MG. kaja! (nt.), Skt. kajjala (msc.)) kamthalu 'necklace' acc. sg.; cf. Skt. kantha (msc.) 'throat, neck') kadhi 'taken out' pst. pt., nom. sg. f.; ldf. MG. kadhvu 'take out,' and Pkt. kaddh-, Skt. krs-] kani 'ear' inst. sg. msc.; kani loc. pl.; [cf. Pkt. kanna, kanna, and Skt. karna] kap. 'cut'; kapai pres. indic., 3 p. sg.: kapi, kapiya [SD c.p.: 10. Pkt. kapp- and Skt. krp-, and MG. kapvu] kapadam 'cloth' nom. sg.: [cf. MG, kapad (nt.), Pkt. kappada, Skt. kar pata (msc.)] kapara 'Karpara' nom. sg. msc. kapura [H] ; see kapara, above kar- 'cause to be done'; kariu pst. pt., nom. sg. msc. (cf. Pkt. kariya, Skt. karita); kari [P] c.p.: cf. MG. karva) karana 'cause, reason' nom. sg. nt., karani inst. sg.: [Skt. karana) karanaum (H), karanum 'cause, reason' nom. sg. nt.: (cf. Skt. karana) karana 'disgrace' obl. sg. nt.; [Pkt. karana] karini (H] 'cause, reason' inst. sg. nt.: see karana kalau 'black-hued' adj., nom. sg. msc.; kala nom. pl. msc.; cf. MG. kalu, Skt. kala] kala 'time' obl. sg. msc.; [Skt. kala] kala 'death' acc. sg. msc.; [Skt. kala, kalam kr- 'die') kalo "time' acc. sg.: see kala, above kali [H] 'tomorrow' adv.; see kalhi kalhi 'tomorrow' adv.; (cf. Pkt. kalhim, kallim] kasaga "Kayotsarga-stance' acc. sg. msc., kasagi loc. sg.; ld. Mah, kaussaga and Skt. kayotsarga] kasagiu 'in Kayotsarga-stance' adj., acc. sg. msc.; cf. kasaga kimkari 'maid-servant, slave' nom. sg. f.: (Skt. kimkari] kimnari 'heavenly musician' nom. sg. f.; [Skt. kimnari) kitti 'fame' nom. sg. f.; kitti acc. sg.; [Pkt. kitti, Skt. kirti] kima "how?' adv.; [Pkt. kima, MG. kem] kima-i 'further, somehow' adv.; (cf. Skt. kimapi] kimaya [B] see kima-i kimam 'why?' adv.; [Pkt. kimu) kimhai 'somehow' adv.; see kima-i kiri 'indeed' emph.; (cf. Pkt. kira, Skt. kila) kilesa 'sorrow, grief' acc. sg. msc.; cf. Skt. klesa) kisiu 'what sort of interr. adj., nom. sg. msc.; kisi nom. sg. f.; kisium nom. sg. nt.; [of. MG. kasi and Skt. kidrsa; see Tessi tori, $ 94] kiham 'where?' adv.; (cf. H. kaha] kihim 'where' adv.; see kiham kidi 'ant' obl. sg. f.; cf. MG. kudi] kima "how?' adv.; see kima kirati 'fame' nom. sg. f.; [Skt. kirti] kuja 'hunchback' voc. sg. msc.; [Pkt. kujja, Skt. kubja] kumjara 'elephant' acc. sg. msc.; kumjara nom. pl.; [Skt. kun jara kumdala 'earring' S.; [Skt. kundala (nt.)] kumdanapuri 'Kundinapura' loc. sg.; see kumdinapuri kumdinapura 'Kundinapura' nom. sg.; kundinapuri loc. sg. kutiga (BH) "curiosity' nom. sg.: see kautiga and cf. Skt. kuluka (nt.)] kubaja 'hunchback' nom. sg. msc.; kubaji, kubaja (H) inst. sg.; kubaja voc. sg.: [Skt. kubja] kubaja 'hunchbacked' adj., nom. sg. msc.: (Skt. kubjal kubara 'Kubara' nom. sg. msc. kumari 'princess' nom. sg. f.; (Skt. kumari] kumara "prince' nom. sg. msc.; kumaraha gen. sg.; kumara S.; [Skt. kumara) kurupa "ugly' adj., nom. sg. msc.; [Skt. kurupa) kula 'having family' (e. cmp.) adj., obl. sg. nt.: Icf. Skt. kula (nt.)] kula 'family' acc. sg. nt.; kula loc. sg.; kula S.; [Skt. kula) kulamgana 'virtuous women' nom. pl. f.; [Skt. kulangana] kulanari 'women of best family' nom. pl. f. [Skt. kulanari] kula pati 'abbot, head of religious community' nom. sg. msc.; kula pati inst. sg.: (Skt. kula pati] kulavadhue 'noble women'inst. pl. f.; [Skt. kulavadhu] kulacara 'proper conduct' nom. sg. msc.; [Skt. kulacara) kusala 'Kusala' nom. sg. msc.: see kusalau

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VOL. 40, PT. 4, 1950] GLOSSARY 347 kusalau 'Kusala' nom. sg. msc.; kusalaim inst. sg.; kusala obl. ksana 'moment, instant' obl. sg. msc.; ksani, ksana loc. sg.; [Skt. sg.: ld. Pkt. kusala, Skt. kusala) ksana] kusaliim 'Kosala' loc. sg.; see kosala ksatripanaum 'rulership' nom. sg. nt.: (cf. Skt. ksatrin (msc.) kusami [BP] 'flower, blossom' inst. sg. nt.; see kusumi and suff. -tuana) kusuma 'flower, blossom obl. sg. nt.; kusumi inst. sg.; [Skt. khamda (H) 'portion' loc. sg.; [Skt. khanda (msc., nt.)] kusuma khamti 'compassion, indulgence' nom. sg. f.; [Pkt. khamti, Skt. kumara (S] 'prince' nom. sg. msc.; [cf. H. kuar 'prince, boy' and ksanti] Skt. kumara] khamamvai [B] 'conciliate' pres. indic., 3 p. sg.: see samasaim, kumyara "prince' nom. sg. msc.; cf. H. knar and Skt. kumara) (cf. MG. khamawa, Skt. ksam-, Pkt. kham-) kumyara 'princess' nom. sg. f.; (cf. kum yara] khamije 'forgive' prec., 2 p. sg.; (Pkt. kham-, Skt. ksam-, MG. kumyari 'princess' nom. sg. f.; (see kumyara 'prince' and cf. Skt. khamvu; see Tessitori, 8120) kumari (f.) 'princess'] kha meje [P] ; see khamije kumyaru [S] 'prince' nom. sg. msc.; see kumpara kharaum ?'yield' pres. indic., 3 p. sg.: (cf. Pkt. khar, Skt. ksar-) kumyale ? 'water' inst. sg.; cf. Skt. komala (nt.) 'water' and kharau 'certain, sure' adj., nom. sg. msc.; cf. MG. khari; see ku pajala (nt.) 'well-water"] Mehta and Mehta, p. 399, from Ar. khara] knari [B] 'princess' nom. sg. f.; see kumyari, above kharau 'positively, certainly' adv.; see kharau, above kuale [B] see kumyale, above khari ? 'sincerely' adv.; (see MG. khari, khare, H. khara, and kuda 'deceit, guile' S.; kudaha gen. sg. msc.; cf. MG. kud, Pkt. kharau, above] kuda, Skt. kufa] khariya (PH) ; see khari, above kudau 'feigned' adj., obl. sg. nt.; cf. kuda, above khani 'mine, treasury' nom. sg. f.; khani voc. sg.; (Pkt. khani, kudacitta "deceitful' adj., nom. sg. msc. Skt. khani, MG, khani) kumdaim 'well' loc. sg. nt.; [Skt. kunda] khamavaim [P] ; see samavaim kubada 'hunchback' nom. sg. mac.; see kubadau kharau 'saltish' adj., nom. sg. msc.; [Pkt. khara, Skt. ksara) kubada 'hunchbacked' adj., obl. sg. msc.; see kubadau khyani [P] ; see khani 'mine' kubadau 'hunchbacked' adj., nom. sg. msc.; cf. MG. kubda, khina [B] ; see ksana 'moment' kubdi, and Skt. kubja khiradamdira 'Ksiradandira' S. kubara "Kubara' nom. sg. msc.; kubara acc. sg.; kubariim, khedava 'drive' inf.; see sediva kubari inst. sg., kubara obl. sg.; kubara S.; (Skt. kubara] [See under s and Introduction for the writing of s for kh] kuyara [H] 'prince' nom. sg. msc.; (cf. Pkt. kuari, kuamri, Skt. kumari (f.) 'princess'] gaurava 'respect' nom. sg. msc.; [Skt. gaurava, see, also, Belsare, kumalum (B] 'delicate' adj., nom. sg. msc.: (cf. kuyalaum and p. 376, MG. gorav (msc.) 'dinner given by bride's father to Skt. komala) groom and his relations where great respect is shown them') kialaum (P] see kumalum gausi 'balcony' loc. sg. msc.; [MG. gokh, Skt. gavaksa) kuyala um 'delicate' adj., nom. sg. msc.; cf. kumalum and gaja 'elephant' nom. sg. msc.; gaja abl. sg.: gaji, gaje loc. sg.; kualaum and Skt. komala] gaja S.; [Skt. gaja] kuyale see kumyale 'water gajamada 'exudation from elephant's temples' S.; [Skt. gajamada krsnaraja, raja [S] 'King Krspa,' nom. sg. msc. (msc.)] kekana "horses' acc. pl. msc.; [cf. MG. kekan (msc.) 'horse'] gajasiksa 'science of elephants' nom. sg. f.; gajasiksam acc. sg.; kedai [B] 'behind' adv.; lof. MG, kede] (Skt. gajasiksa] ketaka 'Ketaka-tree' S.; [Skt. ketaka (msc.) 'Pandamus odora- gadaadai reverberate' pres. indic.; 3 p. sg., see following tissimus') gadayad- 'reverberate, resound'; gada yadai pres. indic., 3 p. sg.: ketali 'how great adj., nom. sg. f.; [of. MG. keta] gada yadamta, gadaidamta pres. pt., inst. sg. msc.; cf. Pkt. kema 'how?' adv.; lof. MG. kem, and kima, above] gada yad-1 kerau, keru [B] 'of' postpos., nom. sg. msc.; keri nom. sg. f.; gan- 'count, reckon'; gapai pres. indic.; 3 p. sg.i ganiya c.p.; (see Tessitori, $ 73] [Skt. gan-) keli 'sport' inst. sg. f.; [Skt. kelil ganatakala (H] see ganitakala keliim 'disguise inst. sg. f.; [Skt. keli] ganadhara "Ganadhara' nom. sg. msc.; [Skt. gapadhara (msc.) kevala 'highest possible knowledge' S.; kevali, kevala loc. sg.; "head of an assemblage of Risis'] [Skt. kevala (nt.)] ganitakala 'science of counting' nom. sg. f.; [Skt. ganita (f.) and kevali, kevali 'kevalin, one possessed of highest possible knowl- kala (f.)] edge,' acc. sg. msc.; kevali S.; [Skt. kevalin) gamdhiim 'odor' inst. sg. msc.; [Skt. gandha) kesari 'saffron' inst. sg. nt.; [Skt. kesari) gamdhodaka 'flood of scents' S.; Skt. gandha (msc.) and udaka kesari 'saffron' S.; [cf. Skt. kesara (nt.)] (nt.)] kehai (P) anywhere' adv.; cf. kehiim ga pha [B] 'cave' loc. sg.; [cf. MG. gapha, gupha (f.)] kehiin anywhere' adv.; cf. H. kahi and see Tessitori, $91] gamai 'please' pres. indic., 3 p. sg.; (see Belsare, p. 346, MG. koi, koya ( B anyone' indef. pron., nom. sg. msc., kahi, kiha gamete (adj.) agreeable,' gamvu 'like, approve,' gamat (f.) [PS] acc. sg.; koi nom. sg. nt.; (see Tessitori, 891) [Pers.) 'amusement') koi, ko'any' indef. adj., nom. sg. msc., kaim (P), kai (H) kami gambhira 'great, profound' adj., obl. sg.; [Skt. gambhira] acc. sg. msc., kai, kaya [H] acc. pl.; ka, kami [B] nom. sg. 1.; gaya elephant' loc. sg. msc.; gaya S.; [Pkt. gaya, Skt. gaja] lof. Pkt. kai, Skt. kati 'several,' and see Tessitori, 891] ga yanamgani 'sky, heaven' loc. sg.: Iof. Skt. gagana (nt.) 'sky' kothara "graneries' acc. pl.; cf. MG. kothar (msc.) and Skt. and angana (nt.) 'area'] kosthagara (nt.)] ga yavara 'excellent elephant' nom. sg. msc.; (Skt. gajavara) kodi 'a crore' acc. sg. f.; kodi acc. pl.; [Pkt. kodi, Skt. koti] gari (B] 'mountain' loc. sg., gari [B] S.; see giri kopa "anger' acc. sg. msc.; [Skt. kopal garu [P] see guru kosala 'Kosala' nom. sg. f.; kosala[m] loc. sg.; kosala S.; [Skt. garuyadi 'greatly' adv.; see gar hadi kosala] garuu 'great' adj., nom. sg. nt.; (cf. Pkt. garua, Skt. guruka) kosalaya (P] 'Kosala' nom. sg. f.; kosalaya loc. sg.; Id. Pkt. garuadi 'greatly' adv.; Icf. Pkt. garua, Skt. guruka, and suff. -d-] kosalaga (msc.) and kosala; and Skt. kosala) gala 'neck' S.; [Skt. gala (msc.)] kosi 'roof' nom. sg. f.; [Pkt. kosi, Skt. kosi] gahani 'deep' adj., loc. sg. msc.; [cf. Skt. gahana (adj.) 'deep'l krami 'gradually' adv.; (cf. Skt. kramena) gaha constellation' S.; [Pkt. gaha, Skt. graha (msc.)] krura "fiercely' adv., (cf. Skt. kruram) gahi ?

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348 BENDER: THE NALARAYADAVADANTICARITA (TRANS. AMER. PHIL. SOC. gah- 'receive, seize'; gahiu pst. pt., nom. sg. msc.: gahiya [HP] c.p.: [Pkt. gah-, Skt. grahgahagah- 'tremble with excitement'; gahagahaim pres. indic., 3 p. pl.; gahagahamta 'delighted' pres. pt., nom. pl. msc.; gaha- gahiu pst. pt., nom. sg. msc., gahagahi nom. sg. f., gahagahi loc. sg. nt. gahagahi c.p.; [of. Pkt. gahagah- 'be filled with joy, and H. gahgahana 'quiver, undulate') gahigah- 'tremble with excitement'; gahigahii (B) pres. indic.. 3 p. pl.; gahigahiu (BH) pst. pt. nom. sg. msc.; gahigahi pst. pt., loc. sg. nt.; see gahagahgaim sing' pres. indic., 3 p. pl.; see ga- 'sing' ga- 'sing': gaim pres. indic., 3 p. sg., gaim 3 p. pl.; gaiyu, gaiu [BH] pst. pt., nom. sg. msc.; (MG. gavi, Pkt. ga-, Skt. gai-) gaja "praise' nom. sg. nt.: (Pkt. gajja, Skt. gadya) gajamtaim 'roared' pres. indic., 3 p. pl.; I. MG. gajvu 'roar, be very famous, Pkt. gani-, Skt. garygadhaum 'tight, firm' adj., obl. sg. nt.: [Pkt. gadha, Skt. gadha gadherau 'greatly, extremely' adv.; cf. gadhaum and see Tessi- tori, $ 79, gadheradau, comparative) gana (S] 'song' nom. sg. nt.: [Skt. gana] gana song nom. sg. nt.; [Skt. gana) gama 'village' nom. sg. msc.; gama nom. pl.: gama obl. pl.: (Skt. grama] garavau 'pride' obl. sg. msc.; Iof. Pkt. garava, Skt. gauraval gavai (B] 'sings' pres. indic., 3 p. pl.; [MG. gavu, Pkt. ga-, Skt. gai-) giniya [H] 'counted' c.p.; see gangiri 'mountain' loc. sg. msc.; giri S.; (Skt. gir (msc.)] giruadi (B] 'greatly' adv.; see garwadi giruu [B] 'great' adj., nom. sg. nt.; girui [B] loc. sg. msc.; giruu [B] obl. sg.: cf. guruya and Pkt. garua, Skt. guruka] gita 'song, singing' acc. sg. nt.; gita inst. sg.: gita S.; [Skt. giya 'songs' acc. pl. nt.; [Pkt. giya, Skt. gita) gunai 'recite, recall,' pres. indic. 3 p. sg.: guniya [B] c.p.: (Pkt. gun., Skt. gunayguna 'virtue' acc. sg. msc.; guni [BH] inst. sg.; guna inst. sg.; guna loc. sg.; guna nom. pl.: gunihim inst. pl. (see Tessitori, $ 60, for termination); guna S.; [Skt. guna) guni 'virtuous, possessing merit' adj., nom. sg. msc.; gunaha gen. sg.: (Pkt. guni, Skt. gunin] gunajana "possessing excellent qualities' adj., nom. pl. msc.; [cf. Skt. jnana (nt.) 'knowledge and gunajna (adj.) 'appreci ating good qualities' gunajutta 'possessing virtues' adj., obl. sg. msc.; cf. Skt. gunayukta] guna pani [H] 'excellent' adj., voc. sg. f.; Id. Skt. gunatva (nt.)] gunamai [B] see gunamaya guna maya 'worthy, virtuous' adj., obl. sg.msc.; [Skt. guna maya] gunarasi 'heap of virtues' nom. sg. msc.; [Skt. gunarasi) gunavamta 'virtuous' adj., nom. sg. msc.; gunava mti (S), guna vamta nom. sg. f.; [Skt. gunavat] gupati 'restraints' acc. pl. f.; cf. Skt. gupti (f.) 'restraint (of body, mind, speech)] gupha "cave' loc. sg. f.; (MG. gupha] guraniya 'female guru, nun'S.; (cf. Pkt. guruni (f.) and guruniya, above] gurasa [B] see gaurava guru 'guru' nom. sg. msc.; guru inst. sg.guru obl. sg.i guru S.; [Skt. guru) guru 'grave, great' adj., nom. sg. msc.; guri inst. sg. msc.; [Skt. guru guruu (H) 'great' adj., nom. sg. nt.; gurui [B), gurui, loc. sg. msc.; see garuu and giruu, cf. Pkt. gurua, Skt. guruka) guruniya [H] see guraniya guruya (H] 'great' adj., obl. sg. msc.; see following guruya "great' adj., obl. sg. msc.; cf. Pkt. gurua, Skt. gurukal guhatau 'concealed' pres. pt., S.; (cf. Skt. guhguhavau (H] 'concealed' adj., S.; cf. guhatau guhira 'deeply, loudly' adv.; [Pkt. guhira; cf. Skt. gambhira] guhirahiya 'noble-hearted' adj., nom. sg. msc.; [Skt. gambhira, hrda ya] guhirima 'gravity' S.;[cf. guhurima and Pkt. guhira; see Monier Williams, p. 346, under gambhira) guhurima [B] see guhirima gudi 'festive poles' nom. pl. f.; [Belsare, p. 365, gudi (f.) 'pole erected on occasions of joy'l gelaim [B] see geliim, following geliim 'afterwards' adv.; (cf. MG. gel (adv.) 'following, after'] gojha 'secret' obl. sg. nt.; (cf. Pkt. gujjha, Skt. guhyal gopavi, gopaviya [B] 'concealed' c.p.: lof. MG. gopawa] gramtha 'grantha, text' acc. pl.msc.; [Skt. grantha ghatika '= hour' acc. pl. f.; [cf. Skt. ghafika (f.)] ghadi 'hours' acc. pl. f.; (cf. Skt. ghatika] ghana 'cloud' obl. sg. msc.; [Skt. ghana] ghana 'great, many' adj., obl. sg. nt., ghana, ghanan nom. pl.; ghapaim inst. sg. msc., ghana nom. pl., ghana acc. pl.: ghani obl. sg. f.; (cf. Pkt. ghana, Skt. ghana] ghanaum, ghanum [H] "much' adv.; see ghana ghanumya (B] 'greatly' adv.; cf. ghanua and ghana ghania [P] 'greatly' adv.; cf. ghanumya and ghana ghana 'shrine' nom. sg. msc.; (see Monier-Williams, p. 376, ghana (msc.) peculiar form of temple'] ghana (B), ghani 'great, heavy' adj., loc. sg. msc.: (Skt. ghana) ghanasara 'camphor' S.; [Skt. ghanasara (msc.)] ghara "house, palace loc. sg. msc.; (Pkt. ghara, Skt. grhal gharacei (B); see gharacei ya gharaceiya 'house-shrines' acc. pl.msc.; cf. Pkt. ceiyaghara (msc.) 'temple of Jina,' and Skt. caitya (msc.), grha (msc.)] gharanau 'of the house' adj., nom. sg. msc.; cf. Pkt. gharani, gharini, Skt. grhini ((.) and grhin (adj.)] gharini 'wife' acc. sg. f.; [Pkt. gharini, Skt. grhini) ghau "beaten' nom. sg. msc.; cf. Skt. ghala) ghamca 'obstacle' inst. sg. f.; (cf. MG. ghac] ghata 'silk garment' nom. sg. msc.; cf. MG. ghafpot 'kind of silk cloth,' and Pkt. ghaffa (msc.)] ghata [B] "great, thick' adj., obl. sg.: (cf. MG. ghata] ghata 'death' nom. sg. msc.; [Skt. ghata] gharin 'disordered by poison' nom. sg. msc. : (d. Pkt. gharia, Skt. gharita ghal- throw'; ghalai pres. indic., 3 p. sg.: ghaliu pst. pt., acc. sg. nt.: . Pkt. ghallgheri [B] "house' loc. sg. msc.; see ghara and cf. MG. gher, loc. sg. msc. ghora 'severe, awful' adj., obl. sg. msc.; [Skt. ghora] c- 'of' postpos., ci nom. sg. f.;cu [H] nom. sg. msc.; see Tessitori, $ 73; and cf. Mar. C-postposition cautha 'four-meal fast' S.; cf. Skt. caturthakalam (adv.) 'at fourth mealtime, at evening of every second day of anyone's fasting' canthi "fourth day' nom. sg. f.; (cf. MG. coth (f.) 'fourth day' and Skt. caturthi (f.)] caumasi 'four months of rainy season' loc. sg. nt.; cf. Pkt. cumasa, Skt. catur masa] cauvisa 24'; [Pkt. cauvisa, Skt. caturvimsati] causala 'four-halled palace' loc. sg. msc.; [Skt. catuhsala) causala 'square' adj., nom. pl. nt.: [cf. MG. cosalu (nt.) 'a block' and corasa (adj.) 'square'; cf. Skt. catuhsala) caki 'from' postpos.; (c.p. of cak-, cf. Skt. cak- 'repel') camcala 'unstable, capricious' adj., nom. sg. nt.; [Skt. canicala) camiga 'happy, handsome' adj., nom. sg. msc.; camga nom. pl. msc.; cf. MG. cang, Pkt. camga, Skt. camga] cad-'climb up, mount'; cadium, cadiu, cadiyau (H) pst. pt., nom. sg. msc.; cadi, cadiya c.p.; (cf. MG. cadva, Pkt. cadcadana 'climbing' nom. sg. nt.; (Pkt. cadana] cadav- 'cause to mount, cause to be placed upon'; cadavai (B) pres. indic., 3 p. sg.; cadavi impv., 2 p. sg.; cadavi, cadaviya c.p.; cf. MG. cadavvu, Pkt. cadaviya cadevi "mounted' c.p.: (cf. MG. cadvu, cadhow] camduya [H] 'hall' nom. pl. msc.; see camdruya catura 'wise' adj., acc. sg. msc.; catura acc. pl.; [Skt. catura] caturi 'widsom' inst. sg. nt.; (Skt. catura (nt.)]

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VOL. 40, PT. 4, 1950) GLOSSARY 349 catura panai (B] 'wisdom, cleverness' inst. sg. nt.; catura panaicimtatai 'think' pres. indic., 3 p. sg.: [cf. citar-, above, and Pkt. loc. sg.: (Skt. caturatva] cimtav-] camda 'moon' S.; camdi loc. sg. msc.; Id. Pkt. camda, Skt. cira 'clothes, strips of cloth' nom. pl. nt.; cira acc. pl.; cira S.; candra] [cf. MG. cir, Pkt. cira, Skt. cira] camdana 'sandal' nom. sg. msc.; camdani inst. sg.: camdana S.; cumasi [B] see caumasi [Skt. camdana) cuk- 'disregard, neglect, miss'; cukai pres. indic., 3 p. sg., cuki camdaraja 'Candraraja' nom. sg. msc. [B] c.p.: (cf. MG. cukvu, H. cukna, Pkt. cukkcamdaraju [H] 'Candraraja' nom. sg. msc. cukarai (H) 'disregard, neglect' pres. indic., 3 p. sg.; of. cuk-, camdaraya [B] "Candraraja' nom. sg. msc. above camdo "moon' nom. sg. msc.; [MG. cando (msc.), cf. Pkt. camda, cudi 'bangle' acc. sg.: Icf. MG. cudi (f.)] Skt. candra) cunadi 'cunari-cloth, silken garment worn by women at wedding camdri 'moon' loc. sg. msc.; [Skt. candra) ceremony,' acc. sg. f.; (see Bates, p. 211, cunari (f.)] camdrajasa "Candrayasas' nom. sg. f.; camdrajasa obl. sg. curai 'defeat completely' pres. indic., 3 p. sg.: (cf. MG. curun, camdra yasya (B) : see camdrajasa Pkt. curcamdravali "Candravati' inst. sg. f. cusala (B! see causala 'hall' camdrua [B] ; see camdruya cusala (B] see causala 'square' camdruya 'hall' nom. pl. msc.; cf. Skt. candroda ya (msc.) 'an cei [B] shrine' nom. sg.; cei acc. pl.; [Pkt. cei, Skt. caitya (msc., open hall') nt.)] campaka 'campaka-tree' S.; [Skt. campaka (msc.)] ceiya 'shrine' nom. sg. msc.; ceiya loc. sg.; ceiya (PS) acc. pl.; camara 'fly-whisk' nom. pl. msc.; [Skt. camara) (cf. Pkt. ceia, Skt. caitya (msc.)] camaradhala 'chowrie-waver' S.; [Skt. camara 'fly-whisk, chow- cela recollection' nom. sg. msc.; cf. H. cela (msc.)] rie': cf. Pkt. dhal- 'drop') cora "thief' nom. sg. msc.; cora nom. pl.; cf. Skt. cora, caura campo "Campa' (N. of city) S. (f.) (msc.)] cara 'spy' acc. sg. msc.; [Skt. cara] cosa 'pure' adj., S.; (cf. Pkt. cokkha, Skt. coksa] carana 'feet' acc. pl. msc.; [Skt. carana) ch- 'be': chau[m], chu (H) pres. indic., 1 p. sg.: chau, ch (BH) carita 'story' nom. sg. nt.; carita acc. sg. nt.: [Skt. carita] 1 p. pl.; chai 3 p. sg., chatam pres. pt., abl. sg. (= adv.); see caritta 'story, account' acc. sg. nt.: (Pkt. caritta, Skt. caritra) achcarittu 'story, tale' acc. sg. nt.; cf. caritta cha '6'; [Pkt. cha, Skt. sal cariya (B] see cariya, following chailla 'clever' adj., nom. sg. msc.; [Pkt. chailla) cariya 'story' acc. pl. nt.; (cf. Pkt. cariya, Skt. carita) chafhau 'sixth' adj., obl. sg. msc.; (Pkt. chaffha, Skt. sastha) cal- 'move, disturb'; caliu pst. pt., nom. sg. msc.; cali (H) c.p.; chamd 'go out, leave, abandon'; chamdi, chamde impv., 2 p. sg.; [cf. Pkt. cal-call-, Skt. cal-) chamdasi (B] fut., 2 p. sg.; chamdi pst. pt., nom. sg. f.; chamdi calao- 'send off, lead on'; calavi impv., 2 p. sg.; calavatu pres. pt., c.p.; cf. MG. chandvu, chadva, Pkt. chamd-, chadd-] nom. sg. msc.; calaviu pst. pt., nom. sg. msc.: Id. MG. calavva] chatta 'umbrella' acc. sg. nt.: chatta loc. sg.: (Pkt. chatta, Skt. cavi, caviya 'fallen, reborn' c.p.; cf. MG. cavi 'experience chalra another birth' and Pkt. cav-, Skt. cyav- cyu-) chatto 'having umbrella' adj., nom. sg. msc.; ld. Pkt. chatta caviya 'from' postpos.; see cavi, caviya, above (nt.), Skt. chattra (nt.)] carai 'graze pres. indic., 3 p. sg.; cf. MG. carvil, Skt. caray- chattadhara 'umbrella-bearer' S.; [Skt. chatradhara (msc.)] cara 'beautiful' adj., nom. sg. f.; cara obl. sg. f.; cf. Skt. carul chattisa '36' obl. pl. msc.; cf. MG. chatrisal: see chatrisa, folcaru 'beautiful' adj., nom. pl. msc.; caru [S] nom. sg. f., caru lowing (1) obl. sg. f.; caru obl. sg. nt.: [Skt. caru) chattra 'umbrella' nom. sg. nt.; [Skt. chatra (nt.)] caraga jails' nom. pl. msc.; cf. Skt. caraka) chatra 'umbrella' nom. sg. nt.; chatra (B) acc. sg. nt.: [Skt. chatra] caritta 'taking of five great vows' acc. sg. msc.; caritta inst. sg.; chatradhara 'umbrella-bearer' S.; [Skt. chafradhara] [Skt. caritra) chatrisa [B] '36' obl. pl. msc.; (see chattisa and MG. chatrisa) cal- 'drive, go on'; calai pres. indic., 3 p. sg. calisai B, calisit, chayala [B] see chailla calesii fut., 3 p. sg.; calati pres. pt., nom. sg. f.; caliu pst. pt., chala 'device, trick' acc. sg. nt.; [Skt. chala]. nom. sg.msc., calya, caliyam pst. pt., nom. pl.msc., cal pst. pt., chali 'deceived' nom. sg. f.; Icf. S. reading, dhali, and Skt. nom. sg. f., cali c.p.; (cf. MG. calva, Pkt. cal., Skt. calay) chalita civi 'fallen' c.p.; cf. cau- and Skt. cyav- cyu chamtau 'splash, sprinkling' nom. sg. nt.; [cf. Pkt. chamla (msc.)] citta "Caitra' (N. of asterism) S.; ldf. Skt. citra (f. pl.)] chayana 'clothing' S.; (Pkt. chayana, Skt, chadana (m.) 'cover') citta 'heart, mind, thought' nom. sg. nt; citta, citli inst. sg.; chutae 'release' pres. indic. 3 p. sg.; cf. Pkt.chult-, MG. chutva) citli loc. sg.; [Pkt. citta, Skt. citta] cheka 'wise' adj., voc. sg. msc.; [Skt. cheka) citta (H) 'diverse, various' adj., obl. pl. msc.; [Pkt. citta, Skt. cheka 'end' nom. sg.: (cf. CM. chek (f.) 'end'] citra) cheka 'finally' adv.; (cf. MG. chek (adv.)] citta 'marvel' inst. sg. nt.; (Pkt. citta, Skt. citra) cheha'end' nom. sg. msc., chehi, cheha [B] loc. sg.: (see Belsare, citts "thought' nom. sg. f.: [Skt. citti (f.)] p. 474, MG. cheh (msc.) 'end, conclusion') citrakutagiri 'Chittor' (in Udaipur, Mewar) loc. sg. msc. choru, chori [BP] 'child' nom. sg. nt.; (cf. MG. choru, chokra citralakhita (B] "painted'; see citralikhita citralikhita "painted' adj., obl. pl.; [Skt. citralikhita] (nt.)] citri, citra (H) picture loc. sg. nt.; [Skt. citra) ja emph.; [cf. MG. -;] cimtabhara, cimtabhari [B] "heap of cares' inst. sg. msc.; [Skt. jai 'if' conj.; [Pkt. jai, Skt. yadi] cintabhara) cira "for long time' adv.; [Skt. cira) jai see je 'that' conj. cira "long (of time)' adj., obl. sg. msc.; [Skt. cira] jai [B] see je 'what' rel. pron., nom. pl. msc. cita 'concern, anxiety'acc. sg. nt.; (cf. Pkt. citla (nt.)] jam 'since, when' conj., cf. Pkt. jam) cili (B] "thought, mind' nom. sg. 1.; cili loc. sg.: (Skt. citli (8.) jagi 'world' loc. sg. nt., jagaha (PS) gen. sg.jaga obl. sg.; lof. cilas- 'think, be lost in thought'; cilavai (BH) pres. indic., 3 p. MG.jag, Pkt. jaga, Skt. jagal] sg.: citavata pres. pt., nom. pl. msc.: (cf. MG. citvi and Skt. jagadisa 'lords of universe' acc. pl. msc.; Ief. Skt. jagadisa) cit] jagisa 'king' nom. sg. msc.; (cf. Bates, p. 222, H. jagesvar, and cimta [B] 'care, concern' acc. sg.: cimti inst. sg.: Iof. Skt. cimta Pkt. jaga, isa (msc.) 'lord'; Skt. jagat, isa (msc.) 'lord') (f.)] jadita 'studded' adj., obl. pl. nt.: [MG.jadit (adj.)]

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BENDER: THE NALARAYADAVADANTICARITA 350 jana 'man' nom. sg. msc.; jana 'people' nom. pl.; [Pkt. jana, Skt. jana] janaviu 'made known' pst. pt., nom. sg. msc.; [ef. MG. jamavvu] jattha 'where' adv.; [Pkt. jattha] jana 'person' nom. sg. msc.; jana 'people' S.; [Skt. jana] janaka 'father' acc. sg. msc.; [Skt. janaka] janama 'life, birth' obl. sg. nt.; [Skt. janma] janma [B] nom. sg. nt.; janma [B] obl. sg. nt.; [Skt. janma] japai 'think constantly upon' pres. indic., 3 p. sg.; [see jamp-, cf. MG. japvu, Pkt. japp-, Skt. jalp-] jamp 'speak'; jampai pres. indic., 3 p. sg.; japi c.p.; lef. Pkt. jamp-, Skt. jalp-] jambudiva Jambudvipa' (= India) acc. sg. msc.; jambudiva S. janamamtari [B] 'previous birth' inst. sg. nt.; [Skt. janmantara] jamamtari 'previous existence' loc. sg. nt.; [Skt. janmantara] jammamtara 'previous birth' inst. sg. nt.; [Skt. janmantara] jamai 'son-in-law' obl. sg. msc.; [cf. MG. jamai, Pkt. jamau, Skt. jamatr, jamatrka] jamma 'birth' nom. sg. nt.; [Pkt. jamma, Skt. janman] jammo, jammo [HP] 'birth' acc. sg. nt.; [Pkt. jamma, Skt. janman] jaya [BP] see jai 'if' jaya 'victory' S.; [Pkt. jaya, Skt. jaya] jaya 'hail! bravo!' excl.; [cf. Pkt. jaya, Skt. jaya] jala 'water' acc. sg. nt.; jali loc. sg.; [Skt. jala] jalakeli 'frolicking in water' instr. sg. msc.; [Skt. jalakeli] java 'when, as' conj.; [cf. H. jab] jasa 'beautiful, splendid' adj., nom. sg. msc.; [cf. Skt. yasas] jasabhadra 'Yasobhadra' obl. sg. msc. jasiu [B] of what sort?' adj., nom. sg. msc.; [see jisiu and cf. MG. jasu] jasobhadra [B] 'Yasobhadra' obl. sg. msc.; see jasabhadra jahasatti 'to the best of one's ability' adv.; [cf. Skt. yathasakti] jahasuti [B] see jahasatti jahi 'where' adv.; [Pkt. jahi, jaha; see Tessitori, SS 90] ja-, g- 'go'; jaum pres. indic., 1 p. sg.; jai, jaya [B] 3 p. sg.; jaim, jaya [B] 3 p. pl.; jai, jaya [B], ja, jae impv., 2 p. sg.: jaisi, jayasi [B] fut., 2 p. sg., jasiu 2 p. pl.; jaisii, jaisai [B] pass., fut., 3 p. sg.: jatau, jatu [H] pres. pt., nom. sg. msc.; jatam abl. sg. (adv.), jati nom. sg. f., jati [H] obl. sg. f.; gayu, gyu, giu pst. pt., nom. sg. msc., gayu obl. sg., gaya nom. pl., gai, gaiya nom. sg. f.; jaevaum, jaevu [B] inf., nom. sg. nt., java, jaiva, jaivum obl. sg.: jai, jai, jaiya, jaya [B] c.p.; [cf. MG. javu, Pkt. ja-, Skt. ya-] ja (H] 'until' conj.; [cf. MG. jya and Pkt. ja] ja- 'be born'; jayau [B], jayu pst. pt., nom. sg. msc.; jai, jaiya [B] c.p.; [cf. Pkt. ja-, Skt. jan-] jam as long as' conj.; [cf. MG. jya, and Pkt. jama, Skt. yavat] jag- 'awaken'; jagai [B] pres. indic., 3 p. sg.; jagiu, jagau pst. pt., nom. sg. msc.; jagi, jagi [B] c.p.; lef. MG. jagvu, Pkt. jagg-, Skt. jagr-] jacau 'final' adj., nom. sg. msc.; [Pkt. jacca, Skt. jatya] jan 'know, learn'; janaum, janum [H] pres. indic., 1 p. sg., janai, janei [H] 3 p. sg., janai 3 p. pl.; jani impv., 2 p. sg.; janasi fut., 2 p. sg.: janii [H] pass., 3 p. sg.; janamti pres. pt., nom. sg. f.; janiu [S] pst. pt., nom. sg. msc., jani nom. sg. f.; jani, janiya c.p.; (see jan-, and cf. MG. janvu, Skt. jna-] jana 'having knowledge' nom. sg. f.; [cf. Pkt. jana and Skt. jnanin] jayakirati 'Jayakirti' nom. sg. msc.; [Skt. jayakirti] jara [H] 'wealth' acc. sg.; [see Belsare, p. 488, MG. jar (msc.) jima 'as, like' prep. and post., [see jema and cf. MG. jem, Pkt. 'wealth, (Pers. sar)] jema] jima 'like' adv.; [see jema and cf. MG. jem, Pkt. jema] jima 'so that, as' conj.; [see Tessitori, SS 111] jana 'knowledge' nom. sg. nt.; jana [H] obl. sg.; jane loc. pl.; [cf. MG. jan, Pkt. jana, Skt. jnana] jatra 'pilgrimage' loc. sg. f.; jatra acc. pl.; [cf. MG. jatra, Skt. yatra] [TRANS. AMER. PHIL. SOC. janevaum 'recognized' pst. pt., nom. sg. nt.; [cf. Pkt. janaviya, Skt. jnapita] janavau [P] 'recognized' pst. pt., nom. sg. nt.; [see janevaum and cf. Pkt. janaviya, Skt. jnapita] jani 'astrologer' S.; lef. Skt. jaanin (msc.) 'astrologer, fortuneteller] jama 'when, it' conj.; [cf. Pkt. jama, Skt. yavat] java 'when, if' conj.; [cf. Pkt. java, Skt. yavat] javadai [B] 'cause to go, let go' pres. indic., 3 p. sg.; cf. java dii of other mss. jan- 'know'; janaum [S], janum 'know' 1 p. sg.; janium pst. pt., nom. sg. msc.; see jan jana 'people' nom. pl.: [see Mehta and Mehta, p. 620, MG. jan (f.) 'a marriage party, friends who accompany the bridegroom or bride in the marriage procession'; see jana] ji emph.; [cf. Pkt. ji] jina, jini [H] 'Jina' inst. sg. msc.; jina acc. pl.; jina obl. pl.;. jina S.; [Pkt. jina, Skt. jina] jinavara 'jinavara' acc. sg. msc.; jinavara S.; [Skt. jinavara] jinimda 'best of Jinas' nom. sg. msc.; [cf. Skt. jinendra] jinisari [S] 'lord of Jinas' loc. sg. msc.; [cf. Skt. jinesvara] jinesara 'Jinesvaras, Jina-lords' obl. pl. msc.; [Pkt. jinesara, Skt. jinesvara] jinesa [B] see jinesu jinesu Jina' acc. sg. msc.; [Pkt. jinesa, Skt. jinesa] jittara ? 'conquering' nom. sg. msc.; [cf. Skt. jit 'conquering'] jina Jina' acc. sg. msc.; jina S.; [Skt. jina] jena [P] 'Jina' S.; see jina jinadharma 'doctrine of the Jina' obl. sg. msc.; [Skt. jinadharma] jinavara Jinavara' S.; [Skt. jinavara (msc.)] jima kima 'by whatever means possible' adv.; cf. jima jimiu 'eaten' pst. pt., nom. sg. nt.; [see jimiu and cf. MG. jamvi, Pkt. jimm-, jim-, Skt. jim-] jisiu 'of what sort' adj., nom. sg. msc.; lef. MG. jasu, jasu and see Tessitori, SS 94] jiham 'where' adv.; see jahi, jihim jihim 'where' adv.; [cf. Pkt. jaha, and see Tessitori, SSSS 90, 98] jit 'be won'; jii pst. pt., nom. sg. f.; jilavau grndv., nom. sg. msc.; lef. MG. jitvi) jip- 'win, conquer': jipailm] pres. indic., 3 p. sg.: jipi c.p.; lef: Pkt. jipp-, and Skt. ji-, japayati] jimiu, jimau [H] 'ate' pst. pt., nom. sg. msc.; [MG. jamvu, Pkt. jimm-, jim-, Skt. jim-] ji 'live'; jivaim pres. indic., 3 p. sg.; jiwatau pres. pt., nom. sg. msc., jivatam abl. sg. (= adv.), jivamtam [H] abl. sg. (= adv.), jivati nom. sg. f.; [cf. Skt. ji-] jiva 'person, living being' nom. sg. msc.; jiva loc. sg.; jiva S.; [Skt. jiva] jiva 'alive' adj., nom. sg. msc.; [Skt. jiva] jivi [H] 'jiva, soul' nom. sg. msc.; [cf. H. jivi (msc.) 'living being, MG. jivi (adj.) 'living,' Skt. jivin (msc.) 'living being'] jiham [B] see jahi, jihim 'where' ju [BH] 'if' conj.; [cf. MG. jo] jugali, jugatiim 'suitableness, propriety' inst. sg. f.; [cf. MG. jugati, Skt. yukti] jugali 'twins, a pair' loc. sg. nt.; [Pkt. jugala, Skt. yugala] jutti, jutta [B] 'preparation' loc. sg. f.; [cf. Skt. yukti] juvaraja 'crown-prince, heir-apparent' acc. sg. msc.; [Pkt. juvaraja, Skt. yuvanraja] ju gambling, dicing' nom. sg. nt.; ju, juim inst. sg.; juim loc. sg.; [cf. Pkt. jua, Skt. dyuta] jua [B] S.; see juya 'gambling' juavau [P] see joavau, under jo- 'see' juum 'different, separate' adj., nom. sg. nt.; [cf. Pkt. juo, Skt. yatah, and see Dave, p. 142] juju 'separate, individual, apart' adj., nom. sg. f.; jujui acc. pl. nt.; lef. juum, and see Dave, p. 142, jujua 'each separate from one another'] juya gambling' acc. sg. nt.; juya 'dice, gambling' S.; [cf. Pkt. jua, Skt. dyuta] juvana [P] 'youth' acc. sg. nt.; see jovana, juvana juvana [P] 'young, youthful' adj., nom. sg. f.; cf. juvana, juvana

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VOL. 40, PT. 4, 1950] juvana [PS] 'youth' nom. sg. nt.; juvani loc. sg.; juvana S.; lef. Pkt. jovana, Skt. yauvana] GLOSSARY juvana [S] 'young' adj., nom. sg. f.; [Pkt. jovvana, Skt. yauvana] juvarajja 'heir-apparentship' nom. sg. nt.; [Skt. yuvarajya] je 'that' conj.; lef. MG. je and see Tessitori, SS 111a] je 'if' conj.; lef. jai and Pkt. jai, Skt. yadi] je 'who, which' rel. pron., nom. sg. msc.; jasa, jasu [H], jasu, jasa [P] gen. sg.: jini, jini inst. sg.; jahim, jiham [B] jiham [B] abl. sg.; [see Tessitori, SS 90] je 'who, which' rel. adj., nom. sg. msc.; jini loc. sg.; je nom. pl.; jehe inst. pl.; [see Tessitori, SS 90] jeje 'whatever' adj., acc. sg. nt.; [cf. je, and see Dave, p. 143, jejel 1 jethau 'elder' adj., nom. sg. msc.; [cf. MG. jeth, Pkt. jettha, jittha, Skt. jyestha] jena [P] Jinas' acc. pl. msc.; see jina jetalaum as much' nom. sg. nt.; [cf. MG. jetlu] jema 'like' postpos. and prep.; [see jima and MG. jem] jeya [H] 'bravo!' excl.; [cf. jaya and see Pkt. jia, jiva, Skt. jiva] jehe [B] 'where' adv.; see jihim jo 'if' conj.; (see ju and cf. MG. jo] jo- 'see'; joi, joai pres. indic., 3 p. sg.: joi, joailm] 3 p. pl.; joi, joya [B] impv., 2 p. sg.; joti, joati pres. pt., nom. sg. f.; joau pst. pt., nom. sg. msc.; joi, joi c.p.; jova inf., obl. sg.; [Pkt. jo- joa-, MG. jovi joavau 'see, find out' grndv., nom. sg. msc.; caus. of jojoana 'yojanas' acc. pl. nt.; [cf. Pkt. joana, Skt. yojana, and see joyana] jogi joining' loc. sg. msc.; [Skt. yoga] jogi [H] 'a Yogi' nom. sg. msc.; [cf. Skt. yogin] jodi, jodi [B], jodiya 'joined, put together' c.p.; [cf. MG. jodvu, Pkt. jod-] joy 'see'; joyaim [P] pres. indic., 3 p. pl.; joyati [B] pres. pt., nom. sg. f.; joyau [S] pst. pt. nom. sg. msc.; see jojoyana 'yojanas' nom. pl. nt.; joyana acc. pl. nt.; [cf. joana and Pkt. joana, Skt. yojana] jovana 'youth, youthfulness' nom. sg. nt.; jovana acc. sg.; jovana S.; [cf. Pkt. jovvana, Skt. yauvana] jovana youthful, young' adj., nom. sg. f.; [cf. juvana, juvana, and Pkt. jovana, Skt. yauvana, yauvanin] jovanavai 'possessing youth' adj., nom. sg. f.; [cf. Skt. yauvanavat] josi, josiya [B] 'astrologer' nom. sg. msc.; [cf. MG. josi] jnani 'wise' adj., obl. sg. f.; [Skt. jnanin] jnana 'knowledge' obl. sg. nt.; [Skt. jnana] jnaya [BH] 'information' obl. sg. nt.; [cf. nyaya and Pkt. naya, Skt. jnata] jhanakara 'tinkling' inst. sg. msc.; [cf. MG. jhanakar and Skt. jhankara] jhabakavaim brandish' pres. indic., 3 p. pl.; [cf. MG. jhabakvi 'start up, be frightened,' and H. jhabkana 'astonish'] jhamala 'delusion, gleam' nom. sg. nt.; jhamala, jhamali [B], jhamaliim inst. sg.; [cf. Pkt. jhamala] jharajhara 'flow, ooze' nom. pl.; [cf. jharahara and Pkt. jhar'flow, pour out'] jharahara [H] see jharajhara jhalai [P] 'lustre' inst. sg. (= adv.); [cf. MG. jhale and Skt. jhala (f.)] jhalakamta 'shining' pres. pt., nom. pl. msc.; [cf. MG. jhalakvi and H. jhalakna] jhalajhalaim glisten' pres. indic., 3 p. pl.; [see jhalahalai and cf. Pkt. jhalajhal-, jhalahal-, and? Skt. jajval-] jhalahal- 'glisten'; jhalahalaim, jhalahailaim [H] pres. indic., 3 p. sg.; jhalahalai [BH] 3 p. pl.; jhalahalamta pres. pt., S.; [see jhalajhalaim and Pkt. jhalajhal-, jhalahal-] 351 jhilai join in, follow' pres. indic., 3 p. sg.; [cf. MG. jhilvu, jhilvu] jhilai 'bathe' pres. indic., 3 p. sg.; [cf. MG. jhilvu] jhujh 'fight'; jhujhaim pres. indic., 3 p. pl.; jhujhamtam pres. pt., abl. sg. (= adv.); [cf. MG. jhujvu, jhujvu, jhujhvu] jhujha 'fight, battle' acc. sg. nt.; jhujha S.; [cf. Pkt. jujha, Skt. yuddha, and MG. jhujhvu (see jhujh-, above)] jhujhara, jhujhari [H] 'fight, contest' loc. sg. msc.; [cf. MG. jhujhar (msc.), and see jhujha, jhujh-, above] jhujhu [H] 'struggle, contest' acc. sg. nt.; see jhjha jhumbana 'necklace' inst. sg.; [cf. Pkt. jhumbanaga] jhur- 'grieve, pine away'; jhurai, jhurai, jhurae pres. indic., 3 p. sg.; jhumratam, jhuramti [H] pres. pt., loc. sg. msc., jhurali nom. sg. f.; [cf. MG. jhurvu, H. jhurna, Pkt. jhur-] jhasii 'hurt' pass., pres. indic., 3 p. sg.; lef. Skt. jhas-] jhajhai 'great' adv.; [cf. MG. jhajhvi] jhal- 'catch, obtain'; jhalai [P] pres. indic., 3 p. sg.; jhaliu [B] pst. pt., nom. sg. msc.; jhali c.p.; [cf. MG. jhalvu] jhala rays of heat' nom. sg. f.; [cf. MG. jhal] jhika ?'clash' S.; [cf. MG. jhik (f.) 'dashing"] tamka 'rupee' S.; lef. MG. tank, tak (msc.) 'a rupee'), Pkt. tamka, Skt. fanka] falai[m] 'depart, disappear' pres. indic., 3 p. pl.; lef. MG. talvi] talakai 'waver, change' pres. indic., 3 p. sg.; [cf. tal-, MG. talvi, Skt. fal-, and Pkt. falaval- 'be confused'] talavalai 'be restless, squirm' pres. indic., 3 p. sg.; [cf. MG. talvalvi, and Pkt. falaval-] tal- 'reject, drive out'; faliu pst. pt., nom. sg. msc.; fali pst. pt., nom. pl. f.; taliya c.p.; lef. MG. talvu, H. talna, Pkt. talia 'disappeared' and Skt. (al- 'disturb, frustrate'] tharai 'be pleased, delighted' pres. indic., 3 p. sg.; [cf. MG. tharvu, Pkt. tharia] thavium [B] 'placed' pst. pt., nom. sg. nt.; [cf. Pkt. thavia, Skt. stha pita] thavarai [H] 'affirm' pres. indic., 3 p. sg.; lef. Pkt. thava-, Skt. sthapay-, and see Tessitori, SS 141] thakura lord, master' nom. sg. msc.; thakura obl. sg.; [cf. MG. thakor] thama 'provinces' acc. pl. nt.; [cf. Pkt. thama, thana, and Skt. sthama] thama 'place, position' acc. sg. nt.; thami loc. sg.; [cf. Pkt. sthaman] das 'bite'; dasii, pass., 3 p. sg.; dasiu, dasiyu [PS] pst. pt., nom. sg. msc.; [cf. MG. dasvi, Pkt. das-, dams-, Skt. dams-] dabha 'darbha-grass' nom. sg. msc.; [cf. MG. dabh, Pkt. dabbha, Skt. darbha] dila, dilii 'heart' inst. sg. nt.; [see Mehta and Mehta, p. 695, MG. dil dil, and p. 798, dil (nt.) 'heart' (Pers. dil)] dumgara 'hill' nom. sg. msc.; [cf. MG. dumgar and Pkt. dumgara] dumde 'cup' loc. sg.; cf. dumbe dumbe 'cup' loc. sg.; cf. dumde dohala 'pregnancy-wish' nom. sg. msc.; [cf. Pkt. dohala, Skt. dohada] dhal- 'wave, drop down'; dhalai pres. indic., 3 p. sg., dhalaim, dhalamti 3 p. pl.; [cf. MG. dhalvi, Pkt. dhal-] dhali [S] 'lain down to sleep' c.p.; [cf. MG. dhalvu] dhalatau 'reap' pres. pt., acc. sg. msc.; lef. MG. dhalvu] dhilum 'inattentive' adj., nom. sg. nt.; [cf. MG. dhili H. dhila, Pkt. dhilla] dho- 'give presents'; dhoaim pres. indic., 3 p. pl.; dhoia pst. pt., nom. pl. nt.; [cf. Pkt. dhoa-, dhukk-, Skt. dhauk-] dhola 'kettledrums' acc. pl. msc.; [cf. Pkt. dholla, MG. dhol dhovai [S] 'give present' pres. indic., 3 p. pl.; see dho nisani 'drum' inst. sg. msc.; see nisani tau 'from' postpos.; [see Tessitori, SS 71] tau 'then' conj., see tu, tava, tuu tam, tum [B], tum, tu [P] 'you' pers. pron., nom. sg.; tujha acc. sg.; tujha, tajha [BS], tuha gen. sg.; tailm] inst. sg.; tujha abl. sg.; tumhe [S], tamhe [B], tumhi, tumha [P] nom. pl.; tumha, tamha [B], tumha, tumhe [P] acc. pl.; tumha, tumhe, tamhe [B], tamha [B] gen. pl.; tumhi, tamhe [B], tumha, tumhi inst. pl.; [see Tessitori, SS 86] taksasilapuri 'Taksasila' (N. of city) loc. sg. f.

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352 BENDER: THE NALARAYADAVADANTICARITA [TRANS. AMER. PHIL. SOC. taji 'lost' c.p.; (cf. MG. tajvi, Skt. taj-; and see tiji) tanau 'of' postpos., nom. sg. msc.; tani nom. sg. f., tani acc. sg. f., tani loc. sg. f.; tanaum, tanu, tanum nom. sg. nt., tanaum), tanu (H) acc. sg., tanaim, taniim [H] loc. sg., tana nom. pl.; (cf. Pkt. tanaya and see Tessitori, $ 73.4] taniim [P] 'thereupon' adv.; see linaim taniya 'grown up' c.p.; cf. Pkt. tania, Skt. tata 'stretched out, grown-up') tanu 'body' loc. sg. nt.; lef. Pkt. tanu, Skt. tanu (f.) and MG. tanu (nt.)] tattha 'sadhu' nom. sg. msc.; (cf. tittha and Pkt. tittha, Skt. littha lattha "there, to that place' adv.; (cf. Pkt. tattha, Skt. tatra) tanaya 'son' nom. sg. msc.; cf. Pkt. tanaya, Skt. lanaya tanu 'body' acc. sg. nt.: Id. MG. Ianu (nt.) and Skt. lanu (f.)] tamtu 'thread' nom. sg. msc.; cf. Skt. tantu (msc.)] ta pa 'religious austerity' acc. sg. msc.; tapa nom. pl.; ta pa obl. pl.; ta pa S.; cf. Skt. lapas) ta pana [H] 'sun' S.; [Skt. ta pana (msc.)] ta pana 'sun' S.; [Skt. tapana (msc.)] tama 'darkness' acc. sg. msc.; (Pkt. tama, Skt. tamas) tambola 'betel' nom. sg. nt.: [cf. MG. lambol, Pkt. lambola, Skt. tambula) tamboladara 'betelbox-bearer' obl. sg. msc.; (see tambola, above; and note Pers. suffix, dar 'bearer of, holder') tamharum [B] "your' adj., nom. sg. nt.; see luhar., lumhartar- 'cross'; tara um, tarum (B) pres. indic., 1 p. sg.; tariya c.p.; cf. MG. tarvi and Skt. tr-] taramga 'moving to and fro, galloping' adv.; (cf. Skt. laranga (msc.)] tarana [B] 'young' adj., nom. sg. msc.; see taruna taravari (B) 'trees' nom. pl. msc.; see taruvaru taru 'tree' obl. sg. msc.; [Skt. tarul tarana [P] 'youth' nom. sg. msc.; see taruna tarani (P] 'maiden' nom. sg. f.; see taruni taras- 'be thirsty'; tarasi pst. pt., nom. sg. f.; tarasi (B) c.p.: Id. MG. tarasa (f.) 'thirst,' tirasvu and larasva; and see tirasi] taruna #youth' nom. sg. msc.: (Skt. taruna) laruna 'young' adj., nom. sg. msc.; [Skt. taruna] taruni 'maiden' nom. sg. f.; [Skt. taruni) taruyara [H] 'tree' obl. sg. nt.; see taruvaru laruvaru 'trees' acc. pl.; cf. Skt. taruvara (msc.)] taruara 'tree' obl. sg.: Id. MG. taruvara (nt.), Skt. taruvara (msc.) 1 talaum 'floor' nom. sg. nt.: [cf. Pkt. lala, Skt. tala (nt.)] tava "pomp' inst. sg. msc.; (cf. Pkt. lasa, thava, Skt. stava (msc.)] tava 'then, therefore' conj.; cf. tau, tu taha "then' adv.; (cf. Pkt. taha, Skt. tatha] tahau (H] "there' adv.; (Pkt. taha, Skt. tatha] tam 'so long' conj.; (cf. Pkt. ta (= Skt. tavat)] tadiya 'palm-leaves' S.; cf. MG. tad (msc.) 'palmyra-palm,' and Monier-Williams, p. 444, tala (msc.) 'palmyra-palm,' p. 445, tali (f.) 'same' = tadi (Lexical)] tani "stretched' c.p.: (cf. MG. tanva] lata 'father' acc. sg. msc.; tata voc. sg.: (MG. lal (msc.), Skt. tata) lata 'hot' adj., obl. sg. nt.; (cf. Pkt. tatta, Skt. tapta, MG. tatu] la pasa 'ascetic' nom. sg. msc.; tapasa nom. pl.: (Skt. Id pasa] ta pasa pati 'chief of the monks' nom. sg. msc. ta pasa pura "Tapasapura' nom. sg. nt. (N. of city) tapasu (H] 'ascetic' nom. sg. msc.; see tapasa lama 'then' conj.; (cf. Pkt. tama and Skt. lavat] tamma "then' adv.; (cf. Pkt. tama, tava, and Skt. lavat] laya 'father' nom. sg. msc.; laya S.; [Skt. lala, MG. lal] lamva 'then' conj.; (cf. tasa, tamma and Pkt. tava, Skt. lavat] tamvi [B] "then' conj.; see tamva tava 'then' conj.; (cf. Pkt. tava, Skt. lavat] tikhasila pura [B] ; see taksa silapuri liji 'lost' c.p.; cf. MG. tajua and Skt. Iya;-) tahi (B] "there' adv.; (cf. Pkt. tahe] tini 'then, therefore, thus' adv.; lof. inst. loc. sg. of te (pron.) and Tessitori, $111) littha [B] 'sadhu' nom. sg. msc.; (see tattha and cf. Pkt. tittha, Skt. Vittha tittha (H] 'there' adv.; see tattha tima 'so, thus,' conj.: (cf. Pkt. lima] tiras- 'be thirsty': tirasi [P] pst. pt., nom. sg. f.; lirasi c.p.; cf. tarasi, and MG. tarasva, tarasa (f.), tirasvu] tilaka 'forehead-mark' nom. sg.; tilaka inst. sg.; tilaka acc. pl.; tilaka S.; lef. MG. tilak (nt.), Skt. tilaka (msc., nt.)] liva [P] see tava 'then tiham 'there' adv., see abl. sg. of te (pron.) tihi 'tithi, lunar day' S.; [cf. Pkt. tihi, Skt. tithi (msc., f.)] tihim there, therefore' adv.; see abl. sg. of te (pron.) lihu yana "the three worlds' loc. sg. nt.; cf. Skt. Iribhuvana] tinaim 'then, thereupon' adv.; cf. inst. sg. of te (pron.) and see Tessitori, $ 90] tini'at that time, then' adv.; cf. inst.-loc. sg. of te (pron.)] tira 'shore, bank' nom. sg. nt.: [Skt. lira] tiratha "holy place, pilgrimage site' loc. sg. nt.; tiratha S.; [Skt. tirtha] tu "then' conj.; cf. lau, tava luu 'then' conj.; lef. tau, tava and see Pkt. lu, Skt. tu) tumhari [S] 'your' adj., obl. sg. f.; cf. tuhar-, ta mharturamga "horses' acc. pl. msc.; [Skt. turamgal turana (B] 'youth' nom. sg. msc.; see laruna turani (B] "maiden' nom. sg. f.; see taruni turita 'quickly' adv.; cf. MG. turat (adv.j] turamti 'hastening' pres. pt., inst. sg. msc.; cf. Pkt. Eur, Skt. Ivar-) tulacara [H] 'worthy conduct' nom. sg. msc.; (cf. Skt. tulya, acara] tuharaum (H), tuharum, tuharau [S] 'your' adj., nom. sg. nt.; tuharum obl. sg. nt.; tuhari obl. sg. f.; [see tumhar, tamhar-, and cf. Pkt. tuhara, Apbh. tuharau) tuhi [B] "nevertheless' conj.; see tohi tumki 'reviling' c.p.: ld. MG. tukaro (msc.) 'addressing with disrespect' and Pkt. tumkiya, Apbh. fumki] tuthau 'delighted' nom. sg. msc.; [cf. Pkt. tuftha, Skt. tusta) te 3 pers. pron., nom. sg. msc., te acc. sg., lasu, lasa (B), tasa, tassa [S], tasu, gen. sg., tini, tenai [B] tinaim, tinai (BH), lini inst. sg., lini loc. sg., le nom. pl., te, laya, taya (P), teya (B] acc. pl.; le nom. sg. f., te acc. sg. f., tasa, tasu (H], lasa [P], tasu (H) gen. sg., lini, tenai [B] teni [B] tini inst. sg.: ld. Tessitori, 90] te 'that' dem, adj., nom. sg. msc., tini, tenai (B] inst. sg.; te acc. sg. f.; see te, above tejum, teji [B] 'splendor' inst. sg. nt.; (Skt. lejas] ted- 'invite, summon'; tediu, tedau (H) pst. pt., nom. sg. msc.; tedia (S], tedi c.p.; cf. MG. tedvu] tedao- 'invite, summon'; tedavai pres. indic., 3 p. sg.; tedaviu pst. pt., nom. sg. msc., tedavya nom. pl. msc.; cf. MG. tedava] tenai (B] "then' adv.; cf. inst. sg. of te teni (B] "then, at that time' adv.; cf. inst. sg. of te tetalaum as much' adj., nom. sg. nt.; d. MG. tefla] teta 'so much' adj., nom. pl. msc.; tete acc. sg. nt.; cf. H. tela (adj.) 'so much'] tehai 'therefore' adv.; [cf. Pkt. tehim to "then' conj.; cf. tu, tau, tava loi 'then' conj.; cf. tohi torana 'arch' inst. sg. nt.; torani loc. sg.; torana S.; cf. Skt. Lorana] tolai 'equal, estimate' pres. indic., 3 p. sg.; (cf. MG. tolva, Pkt. tol-, tul-, Skt. tolay-l tohi 'nevertheless' conj.; lef. tuhi and H. tohi; and cf., also, tu, tau, tava, to] trahi [P] 'went' c.p.: [cf. Skt. trakh-'go,' Monier-Williams, p. 457) trafhau 'frightened' pst. pt., nom. sg. msc.; cf. Pkt. taffha, Skt. tras-, MG. trasva] Irasa "terror' acc. sg. msc.; [Skt. Irasa] trasavya 'frightened off' pst. pt., nom. pl. msc.; cf. Skt. Iras-) tripata 'satisfaction' nom. sg. f.; cf. Skt. Irpia (f.)] tredi ? 'nature' nom. sg. f. thambha 'pillar' acc. sg. msc.; [Pkt. thambha, Skt. stambha)

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353 VOL. 40, PT. 4, 1950) GLOSSARY thambhaya [B] 'erected' pst. pt., nom. sg. msc.; see thambhiu dayaka 'giver' nom. sg. msc.; cf. MG, dayak (msc.) and Skt. thambhiu 'erected' pst. pt., nom. sg. msc.; cf. MG. thambhui dayaka (adj.) 'giving') and Skt. stambhita] dasa 'slaves' nom. pl. msc.; lof. Skt. dasa) th-, tha 'be, become'; thai pres. indic., 3 p. sg., thaim, thaya [B] dasi 'servant' S.; (cf. Skt. dasi (f.)] 3 p. pl.; tha impv., 2 p. sg.; thasi, thaisi [B] fut., 2 p. sg.; thiu digamti 'out of sight, end of vision' loc. sg. msc.: Icf. Skt. diganta pst. pt., nom. sg. msc., thaa (H) obl. sg. msc., thai nom. sg. f.; (msc.) 'end of horizon') thai c.p.; thava inf., obl. sg.; (cf. MG. thavit, thavu, and Pkt. dina (B), dini 'day' loc. sg.; dina acc. pl.; (cf. Skt. dina (msc., tha-, tha-, Skt. stha-) nt.) thaki [H] 'from' postpos.; (see Tessitori, $72, thakau) dina 'day' acc. sg.; dina [B], dini loc. sg.; dina nom. pl.; of. thap- 'set up, establish'; thapai pres. indic., 3 p. sg.; thapiu pst. Skt. dina (msc., nt.)] pt., nom. sg. nt., thapi, thapiya c.p.; cf. MG. thapvu and Skt. diva (BS) see deva 'divine' adj. stha pay divaras- 'cause to be given'; disarava um pres. indic., 1 p. sg. (cf. thambha pillars' nom. pl.; (cf. MG. thabhlo (msc.), Pkt. thambha, aor. of MG. which is the pres. indic. without the auxiliary Skt. stambha (msc.)] verb, ch-); divaraviu pst. pt., nom. sg. msc.; (see devarau, and thira 'firm, steady' adj., obl. sg.; thira S.; (cf. Pkt. thira, Skt. cf. MG. devadava, devarawa] sthira divasa [B] acc. sg. msc.; divasi, divasa loc. sg.: divasa S.; [Skt. thunaim 'chant hymns' pres. indic., 3 p. sg.; cf. Pkt. thun- divasa] Skt. stu divayara 'sun' nom. sg. msc.; (cf. Pkt. diva yara, Skt. divakara) thova 'gradually' adv.; (cf. Pkt. thova) divya 'divine' adj., obl. sg.; [Skt. divya dikha 'instruction' nom. sg. f.; [cf. Skt. diksa; and of. disa, d-, di-, de-, diddh-, didh- "give'; dai [BP], daya (B), dii, diya [B], below) di [P] pres. indic., 3 p. sg.; dii, diya (S), dai [B], di [H] impv., dithai[m] 'sight' loc. sg. nt.: (Pkt. diffha, Skt. drsta] 2 p. sg., diu 2 p. pl.; desu fut., 1 p. sg.; diyai, dii (H), dijai pass., dina 'distressedly, wretchedly' adv.; Icf. Skt. dinam (adv.)] 3 p. sg., dijailm] 3 p. pl.; deta pres. pt., nom. pl. msc.; didha disa 'initiation' acc. sg. f.; cf. Pkt. dikha, Skt. diksa] pst. pt., nom. sg. msc., didha nom. pl., didhi nom. sg. 1.. disai 'see' pres. indic., 3 p. sg.: Icf. Pkt. diss., Skt. drs-] didhaum, didhum (BH) nom. sg. nt.; diddha pst. pt., nom. sg. f., disa 'day' acc. sg. msc.; [Skt. divasa, MG. divasa, disa] diddha nom. pl. f.; diu (S) pst. pt., nom. sg. msc.; deu pst. pt., dukkha, dukha 'grief, sorrow' nom. sg. nt.; dukkha acc. sg.; nom. sg. msc., dei nom. sg. f.; datta pst. pt., acc. pl.msc.; dinna dukkha nom. pl.; dukha S.; [of. Skt. duhkha and MG. dukh) pst. pt., nom. pl. msc.; dei c.p.: (cf. MG. devu, didha; Pkt. da-, dukhabhari 'filled with grief' adj., nom. sg. f. datta, dinna; Skt. da-, dattal dudadudi 'patter, roll (of drum)'inst. sg.; (c. dadadadi and see dakkha (H] 'grief' obl. sg. nt.; [. MG. dakh and see dukkha] Padmanji, p. 280, Mar. dudadud (adv.) 'imitation of pattering dakhina [B] 'right' adj., obl. sg. msc.; Id. daksina] of feet in quick and short running') daksina 'right' adj., obl. sg. msc.; [Skt. daksina] dudha [B] "milk' inst. sg.; see dudha dadadadi [B] 'patter, roll (of drum)' inst. sg.: cf. MG. daddad durita 'danger, sin' nom. sg. nt.; [cf. Skt. durita] (adv.) 'flowing unceasingly in a large quantity,' daddadvi 'flow duli 'necklace' acc. sg.: (cf. H. duldi (f.) in rapid succession of drops', and see dudadudi dussaha unbearable' adj., nom. sg. msc.; [of. Pkt. dussaha) damda 'staff' nom. sg. msc.; damda obl. sg. msc.; (cf. Skt. danda dusta 'wicked' adj., nom. pl. msc.; (see Skt. dusta) damda 'punishment' nom. sg. nt.; cf. Skt. danda dujara 'evil folk' nom. pl. msc.; cf. Pkt. dujjana, Skt. durjana) damda 'tribute' acc. sg. msc.; [Skt. danda] duta 'messenger' nom. sg. msc.; duta acc. sg.; dula nom. pl.; damdayudha 'use of arms' obl. sg. nt.; (cf. Pkt. damdajujiha, duta acc. pl.; [Skt. data] Skt. dandayuddha) dutara 'difficult to cross' adj., nom. sg. 1.; ldf. Pkt. duttara, Skt. danna [P] 'gifts' nom. pl. nt.; see dana dustara] dadhipamna "Dadhiparna' nom. sg. msc.; dadhipamna acc. sg.; dudha 'milk'inst. sg. nt.; dudha S.; (cf. Pkt. duddha, Skt. dugdha) dadhipamnaha gen. sg.; dadhi pamna S.; [Skt. Dadhiparna) deu ? 'with' postpos.; cf. pst. pt. of d-'give' damti 'elephant' nom. sg. msc.; [Skt. dantin) detha (H) 'sight' obl. sg. nt.; dethi (S) acc. sg.: (cf. Pkt. detha, dama 'control' acc. sg. msc.; [Skt. dama] dittha, Skt. drsta damamam 'majestically, loudly' adv.; I. MG. dadam, dabdabo deva 'god' nom. sg. msc.; deva acc. sg.; devaha (B) gen. sg.; deva (msc.) 'dignity, majesty'l obl. sg.; deva voc. sg.; deva nom. and acc. pl.; (Skt. dea] daya 'mercy, compassion' nom. sg. f.; daya acc. sg.; daya obl. deva 'your majesty, lord' voc. sg. msc.; see deva sg.; daya S.; [Skt. daya] deva 'fate' acc. sg. nt.; cf. Skt. daiva) dala 'army, troop,' nom. sg. nt.; dali [B] inst. pl.; (cf. MG. dal, deva "royal' adj., obl. sg. nt.; deva S.; [Skt. deva (adj.) dal; Skt. dala] devaran. 'cause to be given'; devaravau (B) pres. indic., 1 p. sg.: dava 'fire, forest-fire' acc. sg. msc.; dava inst. sg.: (cf. Skt. dava] devaravi (B) c.p.: (see divarad- and cf. MG. dexarawu, devadawa) davadamti, davadamti "Davadanti' nom. sg. f.; davadamli, dava devamganai 'divine-female' inst. sg. f.; cf. Skt. devangana (f.)] devi 'goddess' nom. sg. f.; devi inst. sg.; devi S.; (cf. Skt. devi] acc. sg.; dasadamli, davadamli, davadamlit, davadaniliya (H) inst. sg.; davadamti, davadamti obl. sg.; davadamti S. devi, devi 'queen, lady, devi' nom. sg. f.; devi inst. sg.; devi voc. dasadisi, dasadisi "ten directions' loc. sg. f.; [cf. Skt. dasadis (f.) sg.; devi obl. sg.; devi S.; (Skt. devi] and MG. dasadisa (f. pl. and adv.)]. des, dith- 'see': desai, desii (B) pres. indic., 3 p. sg.; difhau, dithu (H) pst. pt., nom. sg. msc., dithi nom. sg. f., desi, desi, desa [H], dahi [B] 'curds' obl. sg. nt.; dahiya S.; (cf. Pkt. dahi, Skt. dadhi] desiya c.p.; [cf. MG. dekhvi, Pkt. dekkh- and Skt. drs- dahu [B] 'ten'; cf. Pkt. daha and see dasa) desadium 'pointed out' pst. pt., nom. sg. msc.; (cf. MG. dekhadva] dagha [H] 'fire' acc. sg. msc.; (cf. MG. dagh (msc.) and Skt. desa "land' nom. sg. msc.; desi loc. sg.; desa acc. pl.; desa obl. pl.; dagdha (adj.) 'burnt'] desa S.; [cf. Skt. desa] dadimi 'pomegranate-tree' nom. sg. f.; (cf. Skt. dadimi and MG. desi 'edge' loc. sg. msc.; [of. Skt. desa] dadem (nt.)] desa pati 'kings' nom. pl. msc.; (cf. Skt. desa 'country' and pati dara (S] 'gift, giving nom. sg. nt.; dana (H), dani inst. sg. 'lord') dana nom. pl.; (cf. Skt. dana deha 'body' acc. sg.; dehi [B], deha, dehu [S] inst. sg.: (cf. Skt. datara 'generous' adj., nom. sg. msc.; cf. MG. dalar) deha (msc., nt.)] dana 'gift' nom. sg. nt.; dana acc. sg.; dani inst. sg.; dana nom. doya [B] '2' [Tessitori, p. 24, lists this as a Marwali form] pl.; dana obl. pl.; dana S.; [Skt. dana) dola [B] 'big drum' acc. pl. msc.; see Chola danamamdiri 'alms-house' loc. sg. nt. dosa 'faw' obl. sg. msc.; dosa S.; [Skt. dosa]

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354 BENDER: THE NALARAYADAVADANTICARITA [TRANS. AMER. PHIL. SOC. drathi [H] 'sight' loc. sg.; see drethi, following dhaya [H] 'daughter' nom. sg. f.; dhuya S.; Icf. dhi and see drethi 'look, sight' acc. sg. f.; drethi loc. sg.: (cf. Pkt. drehi (f.), Pischel, $ 65) ditthi (f.) and Skt. drsti (f.)] dhuisari, dhasari "Dhusari' nom. sg. f. datva (BH) "fate' acc. sg. nt.; dava inst. sg.: (see dera and cf. dhyanina (B] 'meditation, reflection' acc. sg. nt.; dhyana inst. Skt. daiva) sg.; dhyana S.; [Skt. dhyana) drona mukhagama 'district headquarters' acc. pl.; (see Monier- dhrasaki (B] see dhasiki Williams, p. 503, Skt. drona mukha (nt.) 'chief of 400 villages' and Skt. grama (msc.) 'village'] na 'not' adv.; (cf. Pkt. na, Skt. na] drohakara 'causing treachery' adj., nom. sg. msc.: (cf. Skt. droha) no emph.; cf. MG. enclitic ne] droha 'spiteful' adj., nom. pl. msc.; cf. Skt. drohal nau 'of' postpos. nom. sg. msc., na nom. pl.; ni nom. sg. and drauha (H] 'spiteful' adj., nom. pl. msc.: (see droha and of. Skt. pl. f.; nau[m] nom. sg. nt., naum, num (BJ acc. sg., naim, nai, droha] nasim loc. sg.; cf. Tessitori, $ 73.5) dhai [B] see dhat 'foster-mother' nailm] [B] emph.: Iof. na and MG. enclitic ne, ni] dhaulahi 'dholas' acc. pl.; ldf. dhavala and MG. dhol (msc.) 'song naim 'and' conj.: Icf. anai and MG. ane 'and') sung by women') naukara 'invocation' acc. sg. msc.; lef. Skt. nava, Pkt. naa, dhaja 'banner' nom. sg. msc.; [Pkt. dhaja, Skt. dhwaja (msc.)] rawakara, vamokkara (msc.), Skt. namaskara (msc.); and see dhana [P] 'wealth' S.; (cf. Pkt. dhana, Skt. dhana] navakara (B) dhanadeva [B] "Dhanadeva' nom. sg. msc.; dhanadai inst. sg.: nagara . 'city' nom. sg. nt.; nagari, nagari, nagara [B] loc. sg.: see dhanadeva nagara obl. sg., nagara acc. pl.; (d. Skt. nagara] dhani 'lord, master' nom. sg. msc.: lef. Skt. dhanin) nagaraloka 'townsfolk' nom. pl. msc. dhana 'wealth, treasure' nom. sg. nt.; dhana acc. sg., dhana S.; nathai 'is not pres. indic., 3 p. sg.: Iof. na 'not' and tha- 'be, [Skt. dhana] become'l dhana "Dhana' nom. sg. msc. nadi "river, stream' nom. sg. f.; (cf. Skt. nadi (f.)] dhanau, dhanu (B] "glorious, fortune-bringing' adj., nom. sg. nadipura 'river-flood' S.; [Skt. nadipura (msc.)] msc.; cf. Skt. dhanya (adj.) 'fortune-bringing'l namdana 'son' acc. sg. msc.: (Skt. nandana dhanada "Dhanada' nom. sg. msc.; dhanada S. namdana 'son' nom. sg. msc.; namdana [B] acc. sg.: [Skt. nondhanadera "Dhanadeva' nom. sg. msc. dana) dhanusa 'bow' S.; [Skt. dhanus (nt.)] nam- 'worship, reverence'; namai pres. indic., 3 p. pl.; namamiti dhanna 'good fortune' nom. sg. nt.: (cf. Skt. dhanya] pres. pt., nom. sg. f.; namin pst. pt., nom. sg. msc.; nami, dhanna, dhamina 'auspicious, fortunate' adj., nom. sg. f.; [Skt. namiya c.p.: lof. Skt. nam dhanya namitta [BH] see nimitta dhanya, dhanya [B] 'auspicious, fortunate, virtuous' adj., nom. na yananamdo 'delight to eye' nom. sg. msc.; ldf. Skt. nayanansg. f.; [Skt. dhanya anda] dhamma 'dharma'ace, sg. msc.; dhama obl. sg.: ldf. Pkt.dhamma, na yana eye' inst. sg. nt.; na yana S.: (Pkt. Nayana, Skt. nayana) Skt. dharma nayari "city, town' loc. sg. msc.: ld. Pkt. nayara, yagara, Skt. dhammo, dhammo 'dharma' acc. sg. msc.; cf. Skt, dharma] nagara] dhar- 'maintain, hold': dharauns pres. indic., 1 p. sg.; dharai[m] nayari, na yariya [H] 'city' nom. sg. 1.; (cf. Pkt. nayari, Skt. 3 p. sg.; dhari impv., 2 p. sg., dharau 2 p. pl.; dkarata um pres. magari (f.)] pt., nom. sg. msc., dharatam abl. sg. (= adv.), dharafi nom. sg. nara 'man' nom. sg. msc.; nara acc. sg., naraham gen. pl.; nara f.; dharium pst. pt., nom. sg. nt.; dhari, dhariyi c.p.: lof. Pkt. S.: (Skt. nara) dhar-, Skt. dhr-) naranaha 'king' nom. sg. msc.; naranahi inst. sg.: (cf. Skt. dhara 'observing, holding' adj., nom. pl. msc.; cf. Skt. dhara) naranatha dharamsim 'dharma' inst. sg. msc.; [Skt. dharma] nara pati "king' nom. sg. msc.; nara pali acc. pl.; nara pati [B] S.; dhari 'filled' adj., nom. sg. msc.; dhari inst. sg. f.; lef. Skt. dhara, Icf. Skt. nara pati] dharin naravaja [B] see niravajja 'not censuring dharma 'duty, control' nom. sg. msc.; dharma acc. sg.: dharmii naravara S.; naravaraha gen. sg.; narawara voc. sg.: naravara [B] inst. sg., dharma obl. sg.; dharma S.: [Skt. dharma obl. sg.: [Skt. naravara (msc.)] dharmakaji "performance of dharma' loc. sg. nt.; ldf. Skt. dhar- naras- 'see': narasai [B] pres. indic., 3 p. sg.; narasi [B] c.p.; makarya see nirasdhavala 'white' adj., obl. sg. nt.: [Skt. dhavala) narahiva 'king' acc. sg. msc.: (Pkt. narahiva, Skt. naradhipa) dhavala 'marriage-song' acc. pl.: I. MG, dhol (nt.), dhomangal narimda "monarch' nom. sg. msc.; narinde [P], narimdi inst. sg.: 'marriage-song'; see dhaulahi] narimda obl. sg.; narimda nom. pl.; narimda S.; cf. Skt. dhasika 'cry of fear' inst. sg. msc.; cf. Pkt. dhasakka 'cry of Narendra] fear'; and MG. dhasako (msc.) 'shock, sudden impression of nari 'wife' nom. sg. f.; [Skt. nari] terror'] naresa [B'king' nom. sg. msc.; naresa inst. sg.: (see naresu and dhai 'foster-mother' obl. sg. f.; [Pkt. dhai, Skt. dhatri (f)] cf. Skt. naresa) dhadi 'sudden assault, attack of robbers' inst. sg. 1.; lef. Pkt. naresu 'king' nom. sg. msc.; [Skt. naresal dhada ya (adj.) 'robbing' and MG. dhad (f.) 'attack of robbers' naresara 'king' nom. sg. msc.; cf. Pkt. naresara, Skt. narestara] dhana 'meditation, thought' acc. sg.: (cf. Skt. dhyana (nt.)] nala 'Nala' nom. sg. msc.; nala, nali inst. sg.: nalaha gen. sg.; dhayu 'rushed' pst. pt., nom. sg. msc.; (cf. MG. dhavit, and Skt. dhav-) nala loc. sg.; nala voc. sg.; nala obl. sg.; nala S. dhari 'stream, shower' inst. sg.: (cf. Skt. dhara (msc., nt.)] naraficara [B] see niraticara dhari 'holding' adj., nom. sg. msc.; [cf. Skt. dharin) nararai 'king' nom. sg. msc.: [Pkt. nararai, Skt. nara pati] dhalahi (Ssee dhaulahi nala panaum, nala panum [B]'identity as Nala' acc. sg. nt.: [for dhara 'bold, steadfast' adj., nom. sg. msc.; (cf. Skt. dhira] -para see Skt. - Ivana dhira 'steadiness' acc. sg. f.; dhira inst. sg.: I. MG. dhir (f.), nava kara [B] 'invocation' acc. sg.: (cf. Pkt. navakara, na mokkara, and Skt. dhira (adj.)] Skt. namaskara, and see naukara) dhiravi 'comforted' c.p.: (cf. Pkt. dhirav., Skt. dhiray-) navajtirana [PSJ see navajovana dhulahi (H] see dhaulahi narajovano 'in the bloom of youth' adj., nom. pl. msc.; cf. Skt. dhu 'daughter' nom. sg. 1.; dha (S): lof. dhiya and see Pischel, nava ya uvana (nt.) 'fresh youth') $65) nava yovuna [B] see navajovana and cf. Skt. nava ya uvana

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VOL. 40, PT. 4, 1950] navaramga 'fresh, freshly dyed' adj., nom. pl. msc.; navaramga nom. sg. f.; navaramga acc. sg. f.; [see Skt. navaramga] navaravii [B] 'were bathed' pass., pres. indic., 3 p. pl.; see nhavaviim navatata, ndvatatta 'nine tattvas' S.; [cf. Skt. navatattva (nt.)] navatatva [B] 'nine tattvas' S.; [Skt. navatattva (nt.)] navam 'new' adv.; [cf. Skt. nava (adj.)] navi 'not' adv.; [cf. Pkt. navi nave 'new' adj., inst. sg. msc.; [cf. Skt. nava] niresa [B]; see naresa 'monarch' GLOSSARY nasi [B] 'night' loc. sg.; see nisi nasadha [B]. 'Nisadha' S.; see nisadha nahi, nahii [B], nahim 'not' adv.; [cf. Pkt. nahi, Skt. nahi] nahiya 'not' adv.; see nahi nahima [P] 'not' adv.; see nahi nahimya [S] 'not' adv.; see nahi naga 'snake' nom. sg. msc.; naga obl. sg.; [Skt. naga] nagakumari 'Naga-maiden' nom. sg. f.; [cf. Skt. nagakumara] nacaim 'dance' pres. indic., 3 p. sg.; [cf. MG. nacvu, H. nacna, Pkt. pace-, Skt. nrt-] naca 'dance' nom. sg. nt.; naca inst. sg.; naca S.; [cf. Pkt. nacca, Skt. nrtya] nataka 'story, tale, performance' nom. sg. nt.; nataki inst. sg.; [cf. Skt. nataka (nt.)] natakaramga 'theatrical presentation' nom. sg. msc.; [see Skt. nataka, and ranga (msc.) 'diversion, theatre'] nanai 'does not use, bring' pres. indic., 3 p. pl.; [see na 'not' and anai 'brings'] namdai 'take delight in' pres. indic., 3 p. sg.; [see Skt. nand-] natha 'lord' voc. sg. msc.; [Skt. natha] nama 'name' nom. sg. nt.; nama acc. sg.; namiim, nami, nammai [B], nama inst. sg.; [Skt. naman] naya [H] 'proper conduct' obl. sg. msc.; [cf. Pkt. naya, Skt. nyayal nayaka 'leader, chief' nom. sg. msc.; [Skt. nayaka] naraki 'hell-dweller' obl. sg. msc.; [cf. Skt. narakiya (adj.) 'hellish' narihira 'jewel of a woman' acc. sg. msc.; [cf. Skt. nariratna 'best of women,' Skt. hira (msc.) 'diamond,' and MG. (msc.). 'jewel, anything best of its kind'] nari, nari 'woman' nom. sg. f.; nari obl. sg.; nari nom. pl. f.; nari S.; [cf. Skt. nari (f.)] navai 'does not come' pres. indic., 3 p. sg.; [cf. na 'not' and avail naviu [B] 'not come' pst. pt., nom. sg. msc.; see navai nas- 'drive off, run away'; nasai pres. indic., 3 p. sg.; nasi c.p.; [cf. MG. nasvu, Pkt. nas-, Skt. nasay-] nahim 'not' adv.; [see Pkt. nahim, and cf. nahi] naha 'lord, husband' nom. sg. msc.; naha acc. sg.; naha voc. sg.; [Pkt. naha, Skt. natha] nahu 'lord' nom. sg. msc.; see natha nikala 'unmanly' adj., nom. sg. msc.; cf. Skt. niskala 'decayed, impotent'] nikalamka 'clearly' adv.; [Pkt. nikkalamka, Skt. niskalanka (adj.) 'stainless'] nikhadha [B] see nisadha nikharau 'pure' pst. pt., nom. sg. msc.; [cf. MG. nikharvu, nikharvi 'wash clear'] nigoda ? nija 'own' adj., nom. sg. nt.; nija obl. sg., msc. and nt.; [Skt. nija] nita 'daily, continual' adj., S.; [cf. Skt. nitya] nita 'continually' adv.; [cf. Skt. nityam, H. nita] nitu 'continually' adv.; see nita nidra 'sleep' loc. sg. f.; nidra S.; [Skt. nidra] nidhi 'store-house, treasury' acc. sg. msc.; [Skt. nidhi] nimda 'censure, blame' S.; [Skt. ninda (f.)] nipuna 'proficient, skilled' adj., nom. sg. msc.; [Skt. nipuna] nimitta 'for, in order to postpos.; [cf. Skt. nimitta (nt.) and Tessitori, SS 75] niraticara 'inviolable, without sin' adj., nom. sg. f.; [cf. Skt. niraticara] niramda [B] see narimda 'monarch' nirabhayamana 'fearlessly' adv.; [see Skt. nirbhaya (adj.) 'fearless' and manas (nt.) 'mind'] niravajja 'not censuring' adj., voc. sg. msc.; [cf. Pkt. niravajja 'innocent, faultless' and Skt. nir + vad-] niravahi 'living, subsisting' loc. sg.; [cf. Skt. nirvaha (msc.), Skt. nir +vah- and Pkt. niravah-] niras- 'see, look at'; nirasai pres. indic., 3 p. sg.; nirasi c.p.; [cf. Pkt. nirakkh-, Skt. nir +iks-] nirisi 'looked at' c.p.; see niras nirasa 'hopeless' adj., nom. sg. f.; [Skt. nirasa] nirimda [P]; see narimda 'monarch' niru [S] 'certainly' adv.; [cf. Pkt. niru] 355 nivase, nivasi [P] 'stay' loc. sg. msc.; [Skt. nivasa] nivada [BH] 'close, firm' adj., S.; see nivida nivida 'close, firm' adj., S.; [cf. Skt. nibida, nivida (adj.)] nivesiya 'seated' c.p.; [cf. Pkt. nives-] nivyaja, nivyaji [S] 'deceit' loc. sg. msc.; [cf. Pkt. vyaja (msc.)] niscai[m] 'certainly' adv.; [cf. Skt. nisca] niscaya 'certainty, positiveness' acc. sg. msc.; [Skt. niscaya] niscaya 'certainly' adv.; cf. niscai[m] nisciim, niscim [P] 'surely' adv.; cf. niscai[m] nisadha 'Nisadha' (N. of king) nom. sg. msc.; nisadha obl. sg.; nisadha S. nisadha 'Nisadha' (N. of country) S.; nisadhaha gen. sg. nisa 'night' S.; nisi loc. sg. f.; [cf. Pkt. nisa, Skt. nisa] nisana 'drums' nom. pl.; [cf. H. nisan and nisana (msc.), see nisana] nisimca? 'impotent' adj., nom. sg. msc.; [cf. H. simca (f.) 'irrigation'] nisun- 'listen'; nisuni impv., 2 p. sg.; nisunau, nisunu P. pl.; [cf. Pkt. nisun-, and Skt. ni + sru-] nihana 'receptacle' nom. sg. nt.; nihana nom. pl.; [cf. Pkt. nihana, Skt. nidhana] nikali 'started out' pst. pt., nom. sg. f.; [cf. MG. nikalvu, Pkt. nikkal-, Skt. nis + kal-] nigamai 'lost' pres. indic., 3 p. sg.: [cf. Skt. nir + gamay-] nigamya 'loss' obl. sg. msc.; [cf. Skt. nir + gamay-] niguna 'virtueless' adj., nom. sg. msc.; niguna acc. sg.; [cf. Pkt. nigguna, Skt. nirguna] nighuna 'pitiless' adj., nom. sg. msc.; [cf. Pkt. nigghana, nigghina; Skt. nighrna] nica 'base' adj., nom. sg. msc.; [Skt. nica] nijani 'silly' adj., nom. sg. f.; [cf. Skt. nirjnana) nithara 'cruel' adj., nom. sg. msc.; nithara [B] nom. sg.; see nithura nithura 'cruel, merciless' adj., nom. sg. msc.; nithura obl. sg.; nithura [H] voc. sg.; [cf. Pkt. nitthura, Skt. nisthura] nithuru 'cruel' adj., nom. sg. msc.; see nithura mithuna [H] 'without pride' adj., nom. sg. msc.; [cf. Pkt. thunna 'proud'] nidhani 'resourceless, poor' adj., nom. sg. f.; [cf. Pkt. niddhana, Skt. nirdhana] nipanaum 'befallen' nom. sg. nt.; [cf. Pkt. nippanna, Skt. nispanna; and see nipa-] nipamni 'completed, perfect' nom. sg. f.; see nipanaum and nipa nipa 'prepare'; nipaum pres. indic., 1 p. sg.; nipai pass., 3 p. sg.; nipai pst. pt., nom. sg. f.; [cf. Skt. nispad-] nibhaga 'unfortunate, unhappy' adj., obl. sg. msc.; [cf. Skt. nirbhagya] niya 'own' adj., obl. sg.; [cf. Pkt. nia, Skt. nija] nira 'water' acc. sg. nt.; [Skt. nira] nilaja 'shameless' adj., nom. sg. msc.; [cf. Skt. nirlajja (adj.)] nili 'blue' adj., obl. sg. nt.; [cf. Pkt. nilia, Skt. nilita] niliya [HPS] 'blue' adj., obl. sg. nt.; [cf. Pkt. nilia, Skt. nilila] nisata 'faithless' adj., nom. sg. msc.; [cf. Skt. nihsatya 'untrue' and Skt. nihsattva and Pkt. nisattva 'weak'] nisar- 'go out'; nisariu, nisariu pst. pt., nom. sg. msc.; nisariya pst. pt., nom. pl. msc.; [cf. Pkt. pissar-, Skt. nir + sr-]

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BENDER: THE NALARAYADAVADANTICARITA 356 nisana 'drum' acc. sg. msc.; nisani inst. sg.; nisana nom. pl.; nisana acc. pl.; [see nisana and cf. H. nisan (msc.) 'kettledrum'] nisana [S] 'drum' acc. sg. msc.; see nisana neura 'anklets' S.; [Pkt. neura (nt.)] netra 'Netra-cloth' acc. sg. nt.; [Skt. netra] neresa [H] see naresa neha 'love' nom. sg. msc.; neha acc. sg.; nehiim, nehaim [PS], nehi inst. sg.; neha S.; [cf. Pkt. neha, Skt. sneha] nehajutta 'affectionate' adj., nom. sg. f.; [cf. Skt. neha and yukta] nyaim 'justly, properly' adv.; [cf. Skt. nyayat, nyayena (adv.)] nyaya 'judgment' obl. sg. msc.; nyaya S.; [Skt. nyaya] nhabaviim [S] see navaravii and nhavaviim nhavana 'bathing' acc. sg. nt.; [Pkt. nhavana, Skt. snapana] nhavaviim 'bathed' pass., pres. indic., 3 p. pl.; [cf. MG. nhavi, nahvu; Pkt. phav-, phav-; Skt. snapay-; see navaravii] nhana 'bathing' nom. sg. nt.; [Pkt. nhana, Skt. snana] pais-, paith 'enter'; paisai pres. indic., 3 p. sg.; paitha pst. pt., nom. pl. msc., paithi nom. sg. f.; [cf. MG. pesvu, Skt. pra + vis; Pkt. paittha, Skt. pravista] paisarai 'cause to enter' pres. indic., 3 p. pl., [see pais- and cf. Pkt. paisar-, Skt. pra + vesay-] pakavana 'sweetmeats' nom. sg. nt.; [cf. MG. pakvanna and Skt. pakvanna] pakhi, pasi [B] 'half of lunar month' loc. sg. msc.; [cf. Pkt. pakkha, Skt. paksa (msc.)] pakhal- 'wash, purify'; pakhaliva, pakhalava inf. obl. sg.: pasali [B], pakhaliya c.p.; [cf. MG. pakhalvi, Pkt. pakkhal-, Skt. pra + ksal-] pakhi 'bird' nom. sg. msc.; [cf. Pkt. pakkhi, Skt. paksin] pagara 'sorts, kinds' nom. pl. msc.; [Pkt. pagara, Skt. prakara] paga [P], pagi 'foot' loc. sg. msc.; page loc. pl.; [cf. MG. H. pag (msc.)] pamka 'mud' nom. sg.; [cf. Skt. panka (msc., nt.)] pamkhi 'bird' S.; see pakhi pachai 'afterwards' adv.; [cf. MG. phchi (adv.) and Skt. pasca 'later'] pachami [B] 'west' loc. sg. nt.; see pacchima pacchima, pachimai [H] 'west' loc. sg. nt.; [Pkt. pacchima, Skt. pascima] pacchedi, pachedi [BH] 'scarf' nom. sg. f.; [cf. MG. pachedi (f.)] pamca '5'; [Pkt. pamca, Skt. panca] pamcatta 'death' acc. sg. nt.; [Pkt. pamcatta, Skt. pancatva] pamcama 'fifth' adj., obl. sg. msc.; pamcami loc. sg.; [cf. Skt. pancama] pamcavamna 'five-colored, of five kinds' adj., S.; [cf. Skt. pancavarna] pamcavisa '25'; [cf. Skt. pancavinsati] pamcasata '500'; [cf. Skt. pancasata] pamcasaim '500'; [see pamcasata and Tessitori, SS 80] pamcasai [S] see pamcasaim pamcacara 'five precepts' S.; [Skt. panca, acara] patauladi 'Patola (-cloth)' acc. sg. f.; [cf. MG. patolu (nt.)] patauli 'patola, fine garment' acc. sg. f.; [cf. MG. patolu and MG. patakul (nt.)] patamtara 'difference' acc. sg. msc.; [cf. MG. patamtar (msc.) 'cloth curtain, separateness'] palarani 'chief-queen' nom. sg. f.; [Skt. pattarajni] pattarani [H] 'chief-queen' nom. sg. f. pattakula 'fine cloth' S.; [cf. MG. patakul (nt.)] patuladi [B] see patauladi patuli [B] see palauli pathav 'send out, dismiss'; pathavai pres. indic., 3 p. sg.; pathavya pt., nom. pl. msc., pathavi, pathaviya nom. sg. f.; pathavi c.p.; [cf. Pkt. pathav-, pathav-, Skt. pra+sthapay-] pad 'fall'; padiu pst. pt., nom. sg. msc.; padi, padiya nom. sg. f.; padi c.p.; [Pkt. pad-, Skt. pat-] padahau 'drum' nom. sg. msc.; [cf. Pkt. padaha, Skt. pataha] padavai [H] 'obtain' pres. indic., 3 p. sg.; [cf. MG. padavvu 'obtain through cajolery or violence'] [TRANS. AMER. PHIL. SOC. padima 'vow, religious observance' acc. sg. f.; [cf. Pkt. padima, Skt. pratima] padhavai 'instruct' pres. indic., 3 p. sg.: [cf. MG. padhavvu, Pkt. padhav-; Skt. pathita 'instructed'] pana [B] 'but' conj.; [cf. MG. pan and see pani] panamiya 'reverenced' c.p.; [cf. Pkt. panam- and Skt. pra + nam] pani 'but, however' conj.; [cf. MG. pan, Pkt. puna, Skt. punar] pamdita 'pandit' nom. sg. msc.; [cf. Skt. pandita] pati 'lord' nom. sg. msc.; [Skt. pati] patta 'skilled performer' nom. pl. msc.; [Pkt. patta, Skt. patra (nt.)] patta 'reached, attained' pst. pt., nom. sg. msc. f. nt.; [cf. Pkt. patta, Skt. prapta] patta 'suitable' adj., obl. sg. msc.; [Pkt. patta, Skt. prapta] pathi 'path' loc. sg. msc.; [Skt. patha] padamaraga 'ruby' S.; [cf. Skt. padmaraga (msc.)] padavi 'fallen to (someone's) share' c.p.; [cf Skt. pat-] padavi 'honor, rank, position' nom. sg. f.; [cf. MG. padvi (f.)] panara '15'; [cf. MG. pandar and see Tessitori, SS 80] panaro [H] see panara pamthiya 'traveller' S.; [cf. Pkt. pamthia; Skt. pathika (msc.)] pabhanai[m] 'say' pres. indic., 3 p. sg.: [Pkt. pabhan-] pamadaum 'cause to reach' pres. indic., 1 p. sg.; [cf. MG. pamadvu] paya 'feet' loc. pl. msc.; [cf. Pkt. paya, Skt. pada] payathi 'entered'; see pathi, under pais paran 'marry'; paranai [B] pres. indic., 3 p. sg.: paranii [B] pass., 3 p. sg.; parani [B] c.p.; see parin paranari 'another's wife' nom. sg. f.; [cf. Monier-Williams, p. 587, parastri (f.) 'the wife of another'] paramanue 'comparison' inst. pl.; [cf. MG. paramana (nt.) and Skt. pramana (nt.)] parasamsa [B] see prasamsa parani 'forcibly' adv.; [cf. MG. parane (adv.)] parigara 'retinue' S.; [Pkt. parigara, Skt. parikara (msc.)] pari 'like' adv.; [cf. MG. pare] pariim 'in like manner' adv.; [cf. pari and MG. pare] parighala?'excited, gladdened' adj., obl. sg.; parighala nom. pl.; parighala S.; [cf. Skt. ghala, ghola (nt.) 'buttermilk'; MonierWilliams, p. 379, ghol- (in Prakrit for Caus. of ghun- ghurn-) 'to move about, be agitated'; pari + ghurn- 'to whirl about, flutter, tremble'] parin- 'marry'; parinai pres. indic., 3 p. sg.; parinti pass., 3 p. sg.: parini, pariniya [PS] c.p.; parineva inf., obl. sg.; [cf. MG. paranvi, Pkt. parini-, Skt. pari + ni-] parinama 'consequence, result' nom. sg. msc.; parinama, parinami [H] loc. sg.; [cf. Skt. parinama] parimala 'fragrance' acc. sg. msc.; parimala S.; [Skt. parimala] parivariu, parivariu, parivariyu [P] 'surrounded' pst. pt., nom. sg. msc.; [cf. Pkt. parivariu, Skt. parivrta] parivariu, parivariyu [PS] 'reborn' pst. pt., nom. sg. msc.; [cf. Pkt. parivaria, Skt. pari + vrt-] parivara 'retinue' inst. sg. msc.; parivara obl. sg.; parivara S.; [Skt. parivara] parisya [B] 'test' acc. sg. f.; [Skt. pariksa] parihari, parihariya 'abandoned' c.p.: [cf. Skt. pari + hr-] parihara 'abandonment, avoidance' nom. sg. msc.; parihara acc. sg.; [Skt. parihara] pariksa 'test' acc. sg. f.; [Skt. pariksa] parisi 'caught sight of' c.p.; [cf. Pkt. parikkh-, Skt. pari + iks-] parisa 'test' nom. sg. f.; [cf. MG. Skt. pariksa] palamba 'prominent' adj., nom. sg. f.; [cf. Pkt. palamba, Skt. pralamba] palasa 'palasa (-leaf)' S.; [Skt. palasa (nt.)]' pavana 'wind' S.; [Skt. pavana (msc.)] pavara 'excellent' adj., obl. sg.; [Pkt. pavara, Skt. pravara] pavitta [B] 'purity' nom. sg. msc.; see pavillu pavillu 'purity' nom. sg. msc.; [cf. Skt. pavitra] pavesa 'entrance, entering' nom. sg. msc.; [cf. Skt. pravesa] pascima [S] 'west' loc. sg. nt.; [Skt. pascima]

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VOL. 40, PT. 4, 1950) GLOSSARY 357 pasali [B] 'purified' c.p.: see pakhaliya palam ? 'bare-foot' adj., nom. pl. msc.; cf. MG. pala (adj.) pasamna 'pleased' adj., nom. sg. msc.; (cf. Skt. prasanna) 'walking on foot') pasaramta 'spread' pres. pt., acc. sg. nt.: (cf. MG. pasarva, Pkt. pava 'sin' S.; (Pkt. pava, Skt. papal pasar., Skt. pra + sro pavana "purifying' adj., obl. sg. msc.; [Skt. pavana) pasai 'favor, aid, gift' acc. sg. msc.; pasaim) inst. sg.: (cf. Pkt. pasali (BHS), pasalii 'all around' postpos.; (see Tessitori, $$ 75, pasaya, Skt. prasada 101) pasaya 'favor, aid' acc. sg. msc.: pasaya (B] inst. sg. see pasdi pasaim "nearby' adv.; cf. pasi (postpos.) pase (adv.), MG. pase pasiddha famed' adj., nom. pl. f. cf. Pkt. pasiddha, Skt. pro- (adv.), Pkt. pasa (msc.) and Skt. parsva (msc.)] siddha pasa 'noose' inst. sg. msc.; (Pkt. pasa, Skt. pasa) pahara "pahar, watch' nom. pl. msc.; pahari, loc. pl.; lof. H. pasa 'dice' nom. pl.msc.; cf. MG. paso (msc.), Skt. pasa (msc.)] pahar (msc.) 'watch, Yth part of day') pasi 'at, by side of, for' postpos.; cf. pase (adv.) and MG. pase pakir- 'put on': pahire pst. pt., loc. pl. nt.; pahiri, pahiri, (adv.), Pkt. pasa (msc.) and Skt. parsva (msc.)] pahiriya c.p.: (cf. MG. pahervu, and Pkt. pakir-) pasi 'nearby' adv.; [cf. MG. pase (adv.), Pkt. pasa (msc.), and pahilau[m] 'first' adv.; (cf. Pkt. pahila) Skt. parsta (msc.)] pahilum [B] 'first' adv.; see pahilau[m] pase 'nearby' adv.; cf. MG. pase (adv.)] pahucijai 'arrive pass., pres. indic., 3 p. sg.; [see pahu-, puhas-, pase 'sides' loc. pl. msc.; [Pkt. pasa, Skt. parsva] and Tessitori, $ 137] puhi, pahiim, pahim 'near' postpos.; cf. pasi 'near' and see pahuu, pahut, pahal, pahutt-, pahall- 'reach, happen': pahusai Tessitori, $70.3) pres. indic., 3 p. sg.: pahutau [B], pahuto (Pl. pahutau, pahata, pahim, pahi [P] 'near' adv.; [cf. pasi 'near') pakutta, pahulto pst. pt., nom. sg. msc.: pahutam nom. pl.msc.. pimgalau 'Pingala' nom. sg. msc. pakuti, pahuli [P] nom. sg. f.; (see puhas- and cf. Pkt. pahu- pita "yellow' adj., obl. sg.: [Skt. pila) pahutta; Skt. pra + bhi, prabhuta) piya "affection, pleasure, delight' obl. sg. nt.; Icf. Pkt. pia, Skt. paim, paai [PS] 'give to drink' pres. indic., 3 p. sg.: (cf. MG. prita) pavi; and Pkt. pa-, Skt. pa piya (B] "husband' S.; (see priya and cf. Skt. priya (msc.)] pai 'foot' loc. sg. msc.; cf. Pkt. paya, Skt. pada] piya 'father' nom. sg. msc.; cf. Skt. pila] paya [B] loc. sg. msc.; paya acc. pl.; see pai piyu (P] 'father' nom. sg. msc., see piya paka 'cooking' obl. sg. msc.; paka S.; [Skt. paka] pihari 'father's house' loc. sg. msc.; pihara obl. sg.: (see Platts, paga "feet' acc. pl.msc.; (cf. MG. pag (msc.)] p. 302, H. pihar 'wife's father's house, father's house'; MG. pachai 'afterwards' adv.; lof. Skt. pascat, Pkt. paccha] pihar (nt.) and Skt. pitrgrha) pachau "back' adj., nom. sg. msc.; cf. Skt. pasca] pukkhala 'Puskala' acc. sg. msc.; [of. Pkt. pukhala, Skt. Puskala) pachali [P] 'afterwards' adv.; see pachile puna 'moreover' conj.; (cf. Pkt. puna, Skt. punar] pachale [B] "afterwards' adv.; see pachile punya 'merit' nom. sg. msc.; punya (B] acc. sg.; punyai[m, pachile "afterwards' adv.; (cf. Pkt. pacchila, paccha; and Skt. punya inst. sg.: punyaha gen. sg.; punya obl. sg.i punya S.; pasca) Skt. punya] pamca '5': [Skt. panca] punya siloka 'Punyasloka' (N. of Nala) nom. sg. msc.: Id. Skt. paja 'bandage, strip of cloth' acc. pl.; lof. MG, pat (f.) and Skt. sloka] pafta (msc.)] putta 'son' acc. sg. msc.; [Skt. putra) pasana (provincial) capitals' acc. pl. nt.: [cf. Pkt. paffana, Skt. putti 'daughter' nom. sg. f.; putti voc. sg.; [Pkt. putti, Skt. putri] paftana) putra (B) 'son' nom. sg. msc.; putra S.; [Skt. putra) pafu 'blanket, cloth, patola' nom. sg. msc.; cf. MG. paffi (msc.) putra panaim 'sonship' inst. sg. nt.; (cf. Skt. putratua (nt.) and 'blanket,' pafo (msc.) 'strip of cloth'; Pkt. Skt. pafla (msc.) suff. -tuana) 'strip of cloth'] punnaha 'merit' gen. sg. msc.; [for replaced by see Tessitori, pad- "lay down, knock down, defeat': padai pres. indic., 3 p. $62) sg., padi, padiyu (B), padi c.p.: [cf. MG. padvu, caus. of padva, pumnasiloka "Punyasloka' (N. of Nala) nom. sg. msc. Skt. par. pumnya siloka (P] 'Punyasloka' (N. of Nala) nom. sg. msc. pani (B"water' acc. sg. nt.; see paniya punya 'merit, virtue' nom. sg. msc.: punya ha gen. sg.i punyaim, paniya 'water' acc. sg. nt.; [Pkt. pania, Skt. paniya] punyiim inst. sg.; pumnya (H) obl. sg.; punya S., (Skt. punya] pata 'fall, falling' nom. sg. msc.: [Skt. pata] pupphadamti [H] 'Puspadanti' nom. sg. f.; [Pkt. pupphadamli, patra [B] 'skilled performer' nom. pl. msc.; (see patta and cf. Skt. puspadanti] Pkt. patta, Skt. patra] pura 'city' nom. sg. nt.; pura acc. pl.; puri loc. sg.; pura obl. patharai 'spread' pres. indic., 3 p. sg.; cf. MG. patharvi and sg.: (Skt. pura] see padharai] pura pati 'lord of city' S.; [Skt. pura, pati] padharai (H) 'spread, cover' pres. indic., 3 p. sg.: (see MG. purasari [B] 'lord of city' S.; (cf. Skt. puresvara (msc.)] patharva and patharai] puva 'previous, former' adj., obl. sg. nt.; purva S.; (cf. Skt. padharaum 'correct, not amiss' adj., nom. sg. nt.: [MG. padharu] purva) papa 'sin' nom. sg. nt.; [Skt. papa) puova 'previously' adv.; [Skt. parvam (adv.)] pam- 'reach, obtain'; pamiu pst. pt., nom. sg. msc., pamium) purta kamma 'previous karma' S.; [Skt. purvakarman (nt.)] nom. sg. nt.: pami (H) pammiya c.p.; (cf. MG. pamat; Pkt. pura purasi [B] 'ancestors' S.; see puvua purisa pam pura purisa ancestors' S.; [Skt. purua purusa (msc.)] payaka 'foot-soldiers' S.; see payaku puspadamti 'Puspadanti' nom. sg. f. payaku, payyakku [B] nom. pl.msc.; (see Bate, p. 426, H. payak pumsa 'man' nom. sg..msc.; Id. Skt. pums (msc.)] (msc.) 'runner, servant'; Pkt. paikka) puspala (B] "Puspala' acc. sg. msc.; (see pukkhala and of. Skt. paranaum [P] ; see paranum puspa) paradhi (B), paradhiim 'hunting' loc. sg. f.; cf. MG. paradh (f.) puhatau 'arrived' pst. pt. nom. sg. msc.; see pahupand Pkt. paraddhi, Skt. paparddhi (f.)] puhuta [H], puhutu [B] 'arrived' pst. pt., nom. sg. msc., puhuta paranum 'breaking of fast' acc. sg. nt.; ldf. Skt. parana (nt.), nom. pl. msc.; see puhatau and pahusMG, parna puhavi (SI 'ground' loc. sg.; (see pukuvi and cf. Pkt. pahuvi, Skt. pariya 'completed' c.p.: (cf. Pkt. pariya, Skt. parita) prthivi (f.)] pal- 'protect, maintain'; palai pres. indic., 3 p. sg.. palain 3 p. puhura (H) 'watches, pahars' nom. pl. msc.; see pahara pl.; paliya c.p.; (cf. Pkt. pal., Skt. palay puhuvi 'ground' loc. sg.; lef. Pkt. pahuvi, Skt. prthivi (f.) and palava 'twig' S.; [cf. Skt. pallava (msc., nt.)] see puhavi]

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358 BENDER: THE NALARAYADAVADANTICARITA (TRANS. AMER. PHIL. SOC. puch- 'ask, question'; puchaum pres. indic., 1 p. sg., puchai 3 p. sg., pacham 3 p. pl.; prichia pst. pt., nom. sg. msc., puchi inst. sg.; puchium, puchaum [B] nom. sg. nt.; puchiya c.p.; (cf. Pkt. pucch-, Skt. pracchpuj- 'worship'; pujai pres. indic., 3 p. sg.; pujamtai, pujamtii, pujamtaim (H) pres. pt., inst. sg. msc., pujali nom. sg. f.; pujiya, pujiya [S], pujanai [B]; Id. Pkt. puji-, Skt. puj-) paja 'worship' S.; [Skt. puja (f.)] puthiim 'request' inst. sg. nt.: [Pkt. puftha, Skt. prsta] pathi, puthiim [P] 'back' loc. sg. nt.: Icf. Pkt. puftha, Skt. prstha] puthi, puthii [B] 'back, behind' adv.; (cf. Pkt. puttha, Skt. prstha) putali 'figures, images' nom. pl. f.; [Pkt. puttali, Skt. putrika (f.) 'doll, figure of woman'] pinima 'night or day of full moon' loc. sg.: (cf. Skt. purnima (f.)] par- 'fill, fulfill'; purai pres. indic., 3 p. sg.; purai 3 p. pl.; ldf. MG. purva, Pkt. pur., Skt. puray) purasa "former' adj., S.; [Pkt. purava, Skt. purva) piiri 'flood' inst. sg. msc.; [Skt. para] purasabhava 'former birth' obl. pl. msc.; [Skt. purabhasa) pedhalaya (N. of city) S. pesiya 'sent, dispatched' c.p.; [Pkt. pes., Skt. presay) poana 'Potana' (N. of city) S.; (see poyana, Skt. potana] poyana [B] see poana poliim, polai [B] "gate' loc. sg.: Icf. H. pol (msc.); Pkt. poli, paoli, Skt. pratoli (f.)] pos- 'feed'; posiin, posiya [B] pass., pres. indic., 3 p. pl.; posi c.p.; (cf. MG. posvu, pokhvu; Skt. pusposaha Posadha-days, fast-days' S.; [Pkt. posaha, Skt. posadha,' pausadha (msc.)] pragala 'clear, manifest' adj., acc. sg. msc.; pragata S.; cf. MG. pragat (adj.) and Skt. pragata, prakala) pragatiu 'revealed' pst. pt., nom. sg. msc.; see pragata prati 'to' postpos.; cf. Skt. pratil pratikaija [P] 'obsequial rite' acc. sg. nt.; (see pretakarju and Skt. pretakarya pratibodh- 'awaken, enlighten'; pratibodhya pst. pt., nom. pl. msc.; pratibodhi c.p.; ld. MG. pratibodhvi and Skt. prati + budh] pratima 'image' nom. sg. f.; pratima acc. sg.: (cf. Skt. pratima (f.)] pratilabhiu 'give alms' pst. pt., nom. sg. msc.; cf. Skt. prati labhaypratihari, pratihari 'portress, female-doorkeeper' nom. sg. f.; [Skt. pratihari] pratiti 'assurance' nom. sg. f.; cf. MG. prafiti] pradhana "minister, councellor' acc. pl. msc.; [Skt. pradhana) prapamca 'diversity, diffusion' nom. sg. msc.; [Skt. pra panca] prabhava "might, power' acc. sg. msc.; prabhavai [B], prabha- vikim inst. sg.: (Skt. prabhava) pramani "according to, in accordance with postpos.; cf. MG. pramane (adv.), and Skt. pramana (nt.)] pramani 'accordingly, in proper manner' adv.; cf. MG. pramane (adv.)] pramana 'assurance' obl. sg. nt.; (cf. Skt. pramana (nt.)] pramaniim 'in accordance with postpos.; see pramani pramukha 'multitude' nom. pl.msc.; [Skt. pramukha) pramukha 'consisting of adj., nom. pl. msc.; cf. Skt. pramukha (at end of compound) 'headed by' pravesa (H) 'entrance, entering' nom. sg. msc.; [Skt. pravesa] pravesa (B] see pravesa and pavesa prasadhi [B] 'famed' adj., nom. sg. f., see pasiddha prasamina "happy, pleased, gratified' adj., nom. sg. msc.; pra sanna nom. pl.; prasamna acc. sg. nt.; (Skt. prasanna prasamsa 'praise' nom. sg. f.; prasamsa, prasamsa acc. sg.: (cf. Pkt. pasamsa, Skt. prasamsa] prasada 'graciousness, kindness' acc. sg. msc.; [Skt. prasada) prahutau [P] see pahutau, pahutu, puhatau prana "life' S.; [Skt. prana (nt.)] priu [B] "beloved one' S.; see priya priu [B] "beloved' adj., nom. sg. msc.; see priya prichai 'understand' pres. indic., 3 p. sg.: lof. MG. prichwa] pridau 'beloved' adj., nom. sg. msc.; cf. priyadau priti affection, love' inst. sg. f. prili S.: [Skt. prili (f.) pritikajja (H] 'obsequial rite' acc. sg. nt.; (see pretakarju and Skt. pretakarya) priya husband' S.; Icf. Skt. priya) priya 'beloved one' obl. sg. msc.; cf. Skt. prita, priya) priya 'dear one' nom. sg. f.; (cf. Skt. prila, priya] priya "beloved' adj., nom. sg. msc. and 1.: fcf. Skt. prita, brival priyadau (H) 'beloved' adj., nom. sg. msc.; cf. Skt. prita, priya and suff, -da) prudha 'precious, great' adj., acc. pl. nt.; cf. MG. praudh and Skt. praudha pretakarju 'obsequial rites' acc. sg. nt.: (cf. Skt. pretakarya] phar- go around': pharitu (B) pres. pt., nom. sg. msc., pharata [B] abl. sg. (= adv.), pharamla [B] acc. pl. msc.; phari, phari [B] c.p.: (see phir-and MG. farvni pharavi [H] 'changed' c.p.: (see pheravi and cf. MG. ferata] pharasau 'touch' impv., 2 p. pl.; (cf. Pkt. pharas., Skt.spre-) pharasa "touch' nom. sg. msc.; pharasi inst. sg.: pharasa acc. sg.; [Pkt. pharasa, pharisa, Skt. sparsa] pharisa [B] "touch' inst. sg. msc.; pharisa loc. sg.: (see pharasa and cf. Pkt. pharisa, pharasa, Skt. sparsa] phari 'then, afterwards' adv.; (MG. fari (adv.)] phala "fruit, result' nom. sg. nt.; phala acc. sg.: phalii [B] inst. sg.: phale inst. pl.; phala S.; [Skt. phala) phalai "bear fruit' pres. indic., 3 p. pl.; (Skt. phalphaliya 'covered with fruit' adj., acc. sg. msc.; (cf. Pkt. phalia, Skt. phalita phaliya 'bearing fruit' adj., obl. sg. msc.; (Pkt. phalia, Skt. phalita) phalo 'result, fruit' nom. sg. nt.: [Skt. phala] phadi 'torn'c.p.; ld. MG. fadoi and Pkt. phadiya, Skt. sphatay-] phara 'huge, large' adj., acc. pl. nt.; (Pkt. phara, Skt. sphara] phara 'in abundance' adv.; Icf. MG. far, Pkt. phara, Skt. sphara) phasu 'without life (= not picked, fallen to ground)' S.; lof. Pkt. phasu, phasua, phasugal phir- go about': phiratau pres. pt., nom. sg. msc., phirata abl. sg. (= adv.); phiri, phiri c.p.; [cf. MG. farvu, Pkt. phir-, H. firna, and see phar-) phiri phiri 'around and around' adv.: cf. MG, phari (adv.) phiti 'fallen off, dropped' c.p.; cf. MG. fifa, Pkt. phifta] phuramta 'shining' pres. pt., acc. pl. msc.; cf. Pkt. phur-, Skt. sphurphulliya 'blossomed' adj., obl. sg. msc.; (cf. Skt. phullita] phula 'flower' S.; phuliim [B] loc. sg. nt.; [Skt. phulla] phuliya, phuli [B] 'covered with blossoms' adj., obl. sg. msc.; (cf. Pkt. phullia, Skt. phullita] pkulabadia [B] "courtier' nom. sg. msc.; cf. puspabatuka, Monier-Williams, p. 639) phulabaduya 'courtier' nom. sg. msc.; [see Monier-Williams, p. 639, puspabatuka) phula mala "garland of flowers' nom. pl. f.; [Skt. phulla mala (f.)] phulavacaya ? 'flower-picking' inst. sg. nt.: Icf. Skt. phullavat] phera 'change, alteration' nom. sg. msc.; cf. MG. fer] pheravi, pheraviya [B] c.p.: I. MG. feravit) phoka 'vain, useless' adj., obl. sg.; (cf. MG. fok (adj.) 'void, empty, useless' and Pkt. phukka (f.) 'falsehood') phoka 'in vain' adv., (cf. MG. fok, see phoka, above] bai [B] ; see be '2' baith- 'sit down'; baithau, baitha (P) pst. pt., nom. sg. msc., baithi nom. sg. f., baithiin, baithi (B] inst. sg. f.; (cf. Pkt. baittha, Skt. upavista) baila [B] 'vilva-fruit' acc. sg. nt.: [cf. Skt. bailua) baisarai 'seated, caused to sit' pres. indic., 3 p. sg.; cf. MG. besarvi and Skt. upa + visbaduu, baduu [S] 'young Brahman' nom. sg. msc.; baduim, badaim (H) inst. sg.: (cf. Skt. bafu (msc.), bafuka (msc.)] baduya "youth, young Brahman' S.; baduya (H) nom. sg. msc.; (cf. baduu]

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VOL. 40, PT. 4, 1950] bamdina 'herald' nom. pl. msc.; bamdini [H] inst. sg.; [cf. Pkt. bamdina, Skt. bandin] bamdina heralds, bards' nom. pl. msc.; [cf. Skt. bandin] bamdhai [H] 'tie' pres. indic., 3 p. sg.; [see bamdh- and cf. Skt. bandh-] GLOSSARY bapa 'body' nom. sg. nt.; [cf. MG. vapu (nt.), Skt. vapu (nt.)] bambhaloi 'Brahma-heaven' loc. sg. msc.; [cf. Pkt. bambhaloa, Skt. brahmaloka] baradavali [B]; see birudavali baravai?'mighty' adj., nom. sg. msc.; [Monier-Williams, p. 721, Skt. bara (msc.) N. of Balarama (= bala); and Skt. balavat] baravim 'bridegroomship' inst. sg.; [cf. MG. varve cadyo 'initiated as bridegroom'] bariu?'grieved, anxious' pst. pt., nom. sg. msc.; [cf. MG. barbar (f.) 'care, anxiety' and balvu] barida [B] 'song of praise' acc. pl.; see biruda bala 'might, power' nom. sg. nt.; bali, balai [B], balii [S], baliim inst. sg.; bala S.; [cf. MG. bal, Skt. bala] balavamta 'mighty' adj., nom. sg. msc.; balavanta obl. sg. msc.; [cf. Skt. balavat] bahi 'outside' postpos.; [cf. Pkt. bahi, Skt. bahis] bahida [B] 'vibhitaka (-tree)' gen. sg. msc.; see baheda bahinadi 'sister' nom. sg. f.; [cf. MG. bendi] bahini 'sister' S.; [cf. Pkt. bahini, Skt. bhagini] bahu 'great, much' adj., nom. sg. msc. and nt.; bahu obl. sg. msc. f. nt.; bahu S.; [Pkt. bahu, Skt. bahu] bahu, bahu [H] 'greatly' adv.; [cf. MG. bahu, Pkt. bahu, Skt. bahu] bahuttari '72'; [cf. Apbh. bahattara] bahumani, bahumanii [P] 'high esteem' inst. sg.; [cf. Skt. bahumana] bahumani 'greatly esteemed, respected' adj., nom. sg. f.; [Skt. bahumanin] bahula 'great, extensive' adj., S.; bahul inst. sg. f.; [cf. Pkt. bahula, Skt. bahula] bahula 'greatly' adv.; see bahula bahulau [B] 'greatly' adv.; see bahula baheda 'vibhitaka (-tree) gen. sg. msc.; [cf. Pkt. bahedaya and Skt. vibhitaka; see bahida] bandh 'bind, tie'; bamdhai pres. indic., 3 p. sg.; bamdhi c.p.; [cf. Skt. bandh-] bapa 'my good sir!' excl.; [cf. MG. bapa] bara '12'; [cf. MG. bar] bara 'gateway' nom. sg. nt.; [cf. Pkt. bara, Skt. dvara] baravati 'Baravati' (= Dvaraka, N. of city) loc. sg.; [cf. Pkt. baravai, Skt. dvaraka; see Monier-Williams, p. 504, N. of capital of Krsna (on western point of Gujarat, supposed to have been submerged by the sea)] bala 'children' S.; [Skt. bala (msc.)] bala 'girl' bom. sg. f.; [Skt. bala] balaka 'child' obl. sg. msc.; [Skt. balaka] balappani 'boyhood' loc. sg. nt.; [cf. Skt. balatva (nt.)] bala 'girl' nom. sg. f.; bala S.; [Skt. bala] bahari 'outside' postpos.; [cf. Pkt. bahara, bahira] bahari [B] 'outside' adv.; [cf. Pkt. bahara, bahira] bahi [P] 'outside' postpos.; [cf. Pkt. bahi] bahiri 'outside' postpos.; [Pkt. bahiri] bahiri 'outside' adv.; [Pkt. bahira] bahubali 'Bahubali' nom. sg. msc. bila 'den, hole' abl. sg. nt.; [Skt. bila (nt.)] billa 'vilva-fruit' acc. sg. msc.; [Pkt. billa, Skt. bilva] bimdi 'multitude' inst. sg. nt.; [Pkt. vimda, vamda; Skt. vrnda] biradavali [S]; see birudavali biruda 'songs of praise' acc. pl. msc.; [cf. Pkt. biruda, Skt. biruda, viruda] birudavali 'catalogue of honors' acc. sg.: [see biruda and Skt. avali (f.) 'row'] biji [H], bijiya 'second' adj., obl. sg. f.; [cf. MG. biju (adj.), Skt. dvitiya] bilai 'vilva-fruit' loc. sg. nt.; [cf. MG. bilu (nt.); Skt. bilva, vilva (nt.)] 359 buddhi 'understanding, meaning' obl. sg. f.; [Skt. buddhi (f.)] buhu [P]; see bahu 'great' be 'two' nom.; bihu[m], behu[m] [P] gen.; behu obl.; [cf. Pkt. be, bi; Skt. dvi] beta 'sons' S.; [cf. MG. beto (msc.), H. beta (msc.)] beti 'daughter' nom. sg. f.; beti acc. sg.; beti S.; lef. MG. H. beti] betia 'daughter' inst. sg. f.; cf. beti betiya 'daughter' nom. sg. f.; cf. beti bodhai [S] 'make known' pres. indic., 3 p. sg.; [cf. MG. bodhvi, and Skt. budh-] bol- 'say, speak'; bolai pres. indic., 3 p. sg., bolai pres. indic., 3 p. pl., bolau, bolu [H] 2 p. pl.; bolatu pres. pt., nom. sg. msc.; boli c.p.; [cf. MG. bolvu, H. bolna, Pkt. boli-] bolavi 'caused to speak' c.p.; caus. of bol bole 'words' inst. pl. msc.; [cf. Pkt. bolla (f.) 'story' and MG. bol (msc.) 'speech, words'] bhai 'became' pst. pt., nom. sg. f.; [Pkt. bhai; cf. bhui and Skt. bhu-] bhai 'pleasure' inst. sg.; [cf. Skt. bhaga (msc.)] bhakti [S] 'devotion' acc. sg. f.; [Skt. bhakti] bhagati 'care, affection' acc. sg.; bhagati inst. sg.; bhagati S.; [cf. MG. bhagati, Skt. bhakti] bhagata 'devoted to' adj., nom. sg. msc.; [cf. Skt. bhakta] bhamga 'destruction, breaking' nom. sg. msc.; bhamga obl. sg.; [cf. Skt. bhanga] bhamjiya 'broken' c.p.; cf. bhamji bhadavaya 'brave one, hero' acc. pl. msc.; (cf. MG. bhadvau (adj.) 'brave, mighty'] bhan 'say, recite'; bhanai[m] pres. indic., 3 p. sg.; bhanesu fut., 1 p. sg.; bhadijai pass. 3 p. sg.; [cf. MG. bhadvu, Pkt. bhan-, Skt. bhan-] bhanavai 'cause to be recited' pres. indic., 3 p. sg.; [cf. MG. bhanavvi and see bhan-] bhani 'to' postpos.; [see Tessitori, SS 71] bhaniya see bhani 'to' bhamdara 'treasury, storehouse' nom. sg. msc.; bhandara acc. sg.; bhamdaraha gen. sg.; bhamdara nom. pl.; [cf. Pkt. bhamdara (msc.), Skt. bhandagara (nt.)] bhamdari 'treasurer' nom. sg. msc.; [cf. bhamdara, above, and MG. bhandari (msc.) 'treasure-keeper'] bhatti 'devotion' acc. sg.; [cf. Pkt. bhatti, Skt. bhakti (f.)] bhava 'birth, existence' acc. sg. msc.; bhavi loc. sg.; bhava obl. sg.; bhava S.; [Skt. bhava] bhavajala 'ocean of worldly existence' acc. sg. nt.; [Skt. bhavajala] bhavamtara 'future existence' obl. pl. nt.; [Skt. bhavanlara] bhavana 'existence' S.; [Skt. bhavana (nt.)] bhai 'state of being' inst. sg.; lef. Pkt. bhaa, Skt. bhava (msc.)] bhai 'brother' nom. sg. msc.; bhai obl. sg.; [Pkt. bhai, Skt. bhratr] bhaga [H] 'delayed, hindered' adj., nom. sg. msc.; [cf. Pkt. bhagga, Skt. bhagna] bhagiim [H] 'through food fortune' adv.; [cf. Skt. bhagya] bhaji 'broken, dispelled' c.p.; [cf. MG. bhajvu and Pkt. bhajjia, Skt. bhagna] bhamji 'scattered' c.p.; [cf. MG. bhanjou, Pkt. bhamj-, Skt. bhanj-] bhanu 'sun' nom. sg. msc.; bhanu S.; [Pkt. bhanu, Skt. bhanu] bhaneji 'niece, sister's daughter' obl. sg. f.; [cf. MG. bhanej bhanujo (msc.) 'nephew, sister's son'] bhaya 'brother' nom. sg. msc.; (see bhai and cf. Pkt. bhaya, Skt. bhratr] bhayana [H] 'brother' nom. sg. msc.; cf. bhaya bhara 'burden, mass' acc. sg. msc.; bhari [BH] inst. sg.; [Skt. bhara] bhaliim 'forehead' loc. sg.; [cf. Skt. bhala (nt.)] bhavi, bhaviim 'behavior, character, nature' inst. sg. msc.; [Skt. bhava] bhavathi 'trouble, sorrow' nom. sg. f.; [cf. MG. bhavath (f.)] bhavati 'pleasing, delighting' pres. pt., nom. sg. f.; [cf. MG. bhavvu 'please']

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360 BENDER: THE NALARAYADAVADANTICARITA (TRANS. AMER. PHIL. SOC. bhanai 'say' pres. indic., 3 p. sg.; see bhan msc., bhogavium (H) nom. sg. nt.; (cf. MG. bhogavva, and Pkt. bhamami 'wandering about' pres. pt., nom. sg. f. ; (Pkt. bham-, bhogg-1 Skt. bhram-) bhogaviu [P] 'delighted' pst. pt., nom. sg. msc.; see bhogavbhamara 'bees' inst. pl. msc.; [Pkt. bhamara, Skt. bhramara] bhomi [B] "land' acc. sg. f.; see bhumi bhaya 'fear' nom. sg. nt.; bhaya inst. sg.: (Pkt. bhaya, Skt. bhayal bhoyana 'food' S.; (cf. Pkt. bhoana, Skt. bhojana (nt.)] bhayu 'fear, danger' nom. sg. nt.; see bhaya bhola panaim 'error, innocence' inst. sg.: (cf. MG, bholpan (nt.), bhar- 'fill'; bhariu, bhariu pst. pt., nom. sg. msc., bhariya nom. H. bhola pan (msc.)] pl. msc.; bhari c.p.; [of. Pkt. bhar-, Skt. bhr-) bhramti 'mistake, error' nom. sg. f.; bhramli acc. sg.: (cf. Skt. bhara 'mass, abundance' acc. sg. msc.; bhari inst. sg.; bhari loc. bhrantil sg.: (cf. Skt. bhara] bhara 'filled with' adj., nom. sg. msc. and f.; cf. bhari and Skt. ma'not' adv.; [Pkt. ma, Skt. ma] bhara) mai 'in' postpos.; cf. maim bharatakhamdi 'Bharatakhanda' loc. sg. nt.: [Skt. bharatakhanda) maggi 'journey' loc. sg. msc.: (Pkt, magga, Skt. marga) bharatara "husband' nom. sg. msc.: lof. MG. bharla (msc.) and machara 'envy' acc. sg. msc.: (Pkt. macchara, Skt. matsara] see Bate, p. 538, Braj. bhartar = bharita (msc.) 'husband'] machari 'envious' adj., nom. sg. msc.: (Pkt. macchari, Skt. matbharathesara 'King Bharata' obl. sg. msc. sarin bharaha "Bharata' inst. sg. msc.; (one of the 63 Cakravartins. machita [B] ; see michatta He first installed images of the 24 Jinas at Mt. Astapada): Iof. majjana ablution, bath' acc. sg. nt.: [Pkt. majjana, Skt. majjana] Pkt. bharaha, Skt. bharata) majuna (BH) Cablution, bath' acc. sg. nt.; see majjana bharahakhitta land of Bharata' nom. sg. nt.: bharahakhitta S.; majhari "into' postpos.: Ich. Pkt. majha, Skt. madhya; and Pkt. [Skt. bharataksetra) majhaara) bharahadatta (H) 'Bharata-area' obl. sg.: (cf. bharatakhanda and majjhiri (B] ; see majhari Pkt. datta, Skt. datra (nt.) 'allotted portion, share'; see, also, mamgala 'good fortune, prosperity' S.; [Pkt. mamgala, Skt. Skt. khanda (msc. nt.) 'portion'] mangala (msc.)] bharaadha [B] ; see bharahaddha mamgala 'auspicious, lucky' adj., S.: (Skt. mangala) bharahaddha "half of Bharata' acc. sg. msc.; bharahaddha S.; mamca dais, platform' nom. sg. msc.: (Skt. manca lof. Pkt. bharaha, addha; Skt. bharata, ardha) matamba 'isolated villages' acc. pl. msc.: lof. Pkt. madambal bhari 'filled with adj., nom. sg. msc.; bhari obl. sg.: (Skt. bhari) madamba [S] ; cf. matamba bhasana 'meditation, purity of mind' S.; [Skt. bhavana (f.)] mamd- arrange'; mamdiu (PS) pst. pt., nom. sg. msc., mamdium bhavi "blessing' adj., nom. sg. msc.: [Skt. bhavin nom. sg. nt.: [cf. MG, mandvu, Skt. mandbhasai 'say, speak' pres. indic., 3 p. sg.: (Pkt. bhas., Skt. bhas-1 mamdana 'ornament' loc. sg. nt.: [Skt. mandana bhasa 'talk, utterance' obl. sg. msc.; [Skt. bhasa] mamda pa "pavilion, mandapam' nom. sg. nt.; mamda pa obl. sg. bhasya [PS] ; see bhasa [Skt. mandapa] bhasita 'teaching' acc. sg. nt.: [Skt. bhasita] mamdau- 'cause to be begun, adorn'; mamdavai pres. indic., 3 p. bhasura 'shining, splendid' obl. sg. msc. and f.; [Skt. bhasura] sg.; mamdaviu pst. pt., nom. sg. msc. and nt.; mamdavii pass., bhili 'walls' nom. pl. f.; (cf. Pkt. bhitti, Skt. bhitti, MG. bhit] 3 p. sg.: Icf. MG. mamdavvi; and Pkt. mamd, Skt. mandbhimti [B] see bhili mamdita 'adorned' nom. sg. nt.: [Skt. mandita] bhima 'Bhima' nom. sg. msc.; bhima inst. sg.; bhima obl. sg.: mana 'want, lack' nom. sg. f.: . MG, mana bhima S. mani "mind' loc. sg. msc.; [Pkt. mana, Skt. manas) bhimaratha 'Bhimaratha' nom. sg. msc.; bhimaratha inst. sg. mani, mani [P] 'jewels' S.; [Skt. mani] bhimi 'Bhimi, daughter of Bhima' nom. sg. 1.; bhimi acc. sg.; manika 'jewels, gems' obl. pl. msc.: (Skt. manika bhimi, bhimii (S), bhimiim [H] inst. sg.; bhimi obl. sg.; bhimi S. manimaya 'bejewelled' adj., S.; (cf. Skt. manimat 'adorned with bhimiya 'Bhimi, daughter of Bhima' obl. sg. f.; bhimiyaim [PS] jewels,' manima ya 'formed of jewels') inst. sg.; see bhimi manimai (B] ; see manima ya bhila 'Bhils' nom. and obl. pl. msc.; bhila S.; (cf. Skt. bhilla) manohara 'delighting the mind' acc. sg. msc.; [Skt. manohara) bhuim [S] 'ground' loc. sg. f.; see bhuim mati 'attention, mind' nom. sg. f.: (Skt. matil bhui [P] 'became' pst. pt.; (see bhai and Pkt. bhai; Skt. bhu- mada 'wantonness, rut' acc. sg. msc.; madi inst. sg.; [Skt. mada] bhuim 'ground' loc. sg. f. [Skt. bhu] madira 'spirituous liquor' nom. sg. f.; madira obl. sg.; [Skt. bhutali 'ground' loc. sg. nt.; [Skt. bhutala) madira] bhupa 'king, emperor' nom. sg. msc.; [Skt. bhupal madhura 'sweet, pleasant' adj., nom. sg. msc.; madhuri nom. sg. bhupati 'kings' nom. pl. msc.; [Skt. bhupati) f.; [Skt. madhura) bhupala 'king' nom. sg. msc.; bhupala acc. sg.; bhupala voc. sg.; mana 'mind' nom. sg. msc.; mana acc. sg., mana inst. sg.; mani, bhupala nom. pl.; [Skt. bhupala) mana loc. sg.; mana obl. sg.; mana S.; (Skt. manas) bhumi "land, ground, place' nom. sg. f: bhumi loc. sg.: bhumi manaramga 'wish, desire' nom. sg. msc.: (cf. Skt. manaranjana acc. sg.; [Skt. bhumi (f.)] 'delighting the mind'] bhumipala ya 'king' S.; cf. Pkt. pala ya (msc.), Skt. palaka (msc.) manarali 'rapture, joy to the mind' inst. sg.: Id. Skt. manas, 'prince, ruler,' and Skt. bhumipala (msc.) 'king') and MG. rali (f.) 'pleasure, rapture') bhusana 'ornaments' nom. sg. nt.; bhusana nom. pl.; bhusana manavai 'conciliate, cause to confess' pres. indic., 3 p. sg. and pl.; of. MG, manauvu; and Pkt. man-, Skt. manloc. pl.; [Skt. bhusana) manirali [H] ; see manarali bheu 'way, means' acc. sg.; [cf. Pkt. bhea, Skt. bheda (msc.)] manoratha 'wish, desire' acc. sg. nt.; [Skt. manoratha) bheta 'embrace' inst. pl. f.; (cf. MG. bhet (f.)] manohara 'beautiful' adj., nom. sg. msc.; [Skt. manohara) bheti [B]'embrace' inst. pl. f.; (see bheta and MG. bhet (f.)] mamtra 'spell' S.; mamtri (H) loc. sg. msc.; cf. Skt. mantra (msc.) bheda 'sort, kind' acc. pl. nt.; (cf. Skt. bheda] and mantraksara (nt.) 'syllable in a spell') . bhoga "pleasure, enjoyment' nom. sg. msc.; bhoga acc. sg.; bhoge, mamtri 'minister' nom. sg. msc.; mamtri acc. pl.; mamiri S.; ldf. bhoga [H] inst. pl.; [Skt. bhoga) Skt. mantrin) bhogakula 'Bhoga-family' S. mamdara 'Mt. Mandara' S. bhogav- "enjoy'; bhogavai pres. indic., 3 p. sg.; bhogavau, bhogavu mamdara (B), mamdari (PB] loc. sg. nt.: [Skt. mandira] (BJ 2 p. pl., bhogavaim 3 p. pl.; bhogavisii, bhogavisti [H], bhoga- mamdiri, mamdira (S] loc. sg. nt.; mamdira acc. pl.; [Skt. manvasai [B] fut., 3 p. sg.; bhogavii, bhogaviyai [P] pass., 3 p. sg.; dira] bhogavatau pres. pt., nom. sg. msc.; bhogaviu pst. pt., nom. sg. mammana 'Mammana' nom. sg. msc.; mammanaha gen. sg.

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VOL. 40, PT. 4, 1950) GLOSSARY 361 maya 'kindness' acc. and obl. sg. f.; cf. MG, maya, and Skt. maharai 'temporary booth for marriage-ceremony' loc. sg.; lef. maya (f.)] MG. mayari, mahiyer (nt.), and Skt. matrgrha] mar. 'die'; maraum, marum (B) pres. indic., 1 p. sg.; mari impv., mahi 'in, into' postpos.; cf. MG. mahe, mahi, and Skt. madhye] 2 p. sg.; mari (H) c.p.: (cf. MG. marvi, Pkt. mar-, Skt. mr-) , within' adv.; cf. mahi, above marakata 'emerald' S., (cf. Skt. marakata] mamhi (BP] 'in' postpos.; ldf. mahi, and MG, mahe, mahi] marana 'death' obl. sg. nt.: [Skt. marana] migana yani (BS'fawn-eyed woman'acc. sg. f.; cf. Skt. mrganmal-'meet'; malai (BH) pres, indic., 3 p. sg., malai [B] 3 p. pl.; ayana (f.)] malasai (B] fut., 3 p. sg.; mali [B] c.p.: Id. MG. malvu, see michalu [H] ; see michatta mil- and Pkt. mil-, Skt. mil., H. milna] michatta "falsehood' acc. sg. nt.: ld. Pkt. miccha, and Skt. mala patau "sauntering, walking slowly' nom. sg. msc.; cf. MG. mithyatva (nt.)] mala patu) mitra "friend' nom. sg. msc.; [Skt. mitra) mala pamta 'walking with dignified step' nom. sg. msc.; see mitha 'together, with each other' adv.; ld. Skt. mithas) mala patau mil- 'meet'; milai pres. indic., 3 p. sg., milaim 3 p. pl.; milisii, mallinatha 'Lord Malli' acc. sg. msc. (N. of nineteenth Arhat of milasii [H] fut., 3 p. sg.; miliu pst. pt., nom. sg. msc., milium present avasarpini) nom. sg. nt.; mili (H), miliya, miliya (S) c.p.; (cf. Pkt. mil-, mastaki 'head' loc. sg.: [Skt. mastaka (msc., nt.)] Skt. mil., and see malmaka 'honor, festival' inst. sg. msc.; (Pkt. maha, Skt. makha) mina 'fish' nom. sg. msc.; [Skt. mina) mahamta "mighty, great' adj., nom. sg. nt.; [Pkt. mahamta, Skt. mukha 'face' acc. sg. nt.; mukhi loc. sg.; [Skt. mukha mahat) mugatiim, mugati [B]'salvation' loc. sg. f.; (cf. Skt. mukti] maha mahaim exude fragrance' pres. indic., 3 p. pl.; Id. MG. muniraya 'prince of sages' inst. sg. msc.; cf. Skt. miniraja) mahmah, and Pkt. maha maha-, magha magha-, see makimah- muni 'muni, sage' nom. sg. msc.; muni acc. sg.; munim inst. sg.: maharasi [B] "great sage' nom. sg. msc.; [Skt. maharsi] muni S.; (Skt. muni) maharisi 'great sage' S.: (Skt. maharsi (msc.)] muniraya (B] 'prince of sages'; see muniraya maharisi 'great sage' nom. sg. msc.: (Skt. maharsi] munivara "best of sages' acc. sg. msc.; munivaraha gen. sg.; mahavai 'king' nom. sg. msc.; cf. Skt. maha pati] munivara S. mahaveraggi 'extreme dissatisfaction from world' inst. sg. nt.; munistara prince of sages' nom. sg. msc.; cf. Skt. munisvara] (cf. Pkt. veragga, Skt. vairagya] muhulla "muhurta, auspicious time' loc. sg. nt.: [Pkt. muhutta, mahavua ya (H] 'five vows' S.; (cf. Pkt. vaya, Skt. urata, and Skt. Skt. muhurta) mahavrata (nt.)] muhuvai (B) : see mahavua ya, mahavva ya mahatavi 'great forest' loc. sg. f.; [Skt. mahafavi) muharata [B] "muhurta, auspicious time,' loc. sg. nt.: [Skt. maha puja 'great puja' nom. sg. f.; [Skt. mahapuja) muhurta mahava raggi (H] ; see mahaveraggi mik- 'abandon'; muki, mukiya pst. pt., nom. sg. f.; miki, mukiya mahavva ya 'five vows' S.; Id. Pkt. wya, Skt. vrata, and Skt. [H] c.p.: ld. MG, muka, makun, and Pkt. mukk-, Skt. muc-; mahavrata (nt.)] see mumkmahasati 'highly virtuous woman' nom. sg. f.; [Skt. mahasali] mumk- 'abandon, leave'; mumkai pres. indic., 3 p. sg.; mumki, mahimah- 'exude fragrance'; mahimahii (B) pres. indic., 3 p. sg.. mumki, mumke [B] impv., 2 p. sg.; mumkatau pres. pt., nom. mahimahami 3 p. pl.; (cf. MG. mahmahvi, and see maha mahai] sg. msc.; mumki pst. pt., nom. sg. f.; mumki, mumkiya c.pic. mahisi 'buffalo-cow' acc. pl. f.; [Skt. mahisi) mukmahiam 'superior' gen. pl. msc.; cf. Pkt. mania, Skt. mahiyas] mumkavevi [B] 'released' c.p.; caus. of mumkmahiyam (BH] see mahiam mumdradi 'rings' adj., obl. pl.; ldf. Skt. mudra (f.)] mahurata [B] ; see muhutta (cf. Skt. muhurta (nt.)] mula base' acc. sg. nt.: [Skt. mula) mahochavai 'great festival' inst. sg. msc.; cf. Pkt. mahocchasa, mrganayani 'fawn-eyed' acc. sg. f.; (cf. Skt. mrganayana] Skt. mahotsava] mrga mada "musk' S.: [Skt. mrga mada (msc.)] ma 'mother' nom. sg. 1.; ma obl. sg.: Icf. MG. ma, Pkt. mai, mekhala 'girdle' S.; [Skt, mekhala (f.)] Skt. matr] meru 'Mt. Meru' obl. sg. msc.; meru S. ma- 'measure'; maim pres. indic., 3 p. pl.; mai, maya (B) pass.. meli 'find, get' c.p.: (see mil-, mal-, and cf. Pkt. mel) 3 p. pl.; mayu [P] pst. pt., nom. sg. msc.; cf. Pkt. ma-, Skt. ma- meliim ? 'woman' loc. sg.: (cf. MG. mela (f.)] magai 'ask, request' pres. indic., 3 p. sg.: (cf. MG. magvi, Pkt. melas- 'join together'; melavai [H] pres. indic., 3 p. sg.; melavii magg-, Skt. marg-1 pass., 3 p. sg.; melaviu (S) pst. pt., nom. sg. msc.; cf. MG. maga 'road' nom. sg. msc.; maga acc. pl.; cf. MG. mag, Pkt. melavu; and Pkt. melavia) magga, Skt. marga] melkivi [P] ; see melhevi macaim 'exult, delight' pres. indic., 3 p. sg.: (cf. Pkt. macc- melkevi 'released, uttered' c.p.: (cf. Pkt. milha, milla) machali 'fish' nom. sg. f.: [cf. MG. macchli (f.), and Pkt. maccha, mokal- 'send out'; mokali impv., 2 p. sg., mokalis (H), mokaliyu, Skt. matsya (msc.)] mokaliya (P) pst. pt., nom. sg. msc.; mokali c.p.; cf. MG. manika 'rubies' S.; cf. Skt. manikya (nt.) 'ruby' and see maniki] mokalvu; Pkt. mokall-) manikut rubies' nom. pl.; (cf. Pkt. manikka, Skt. manikya (nt.)] mofau 'great' adj., nom. sg. nt.; mofi nom. sg. f., mofi [B], mofiya mamdium 'established, arranged' pst. pt., nom. sg. nt., mamdiu obl. sg. f.; (MG. mota] moti [B] "pearls' nom. pl.; moti, moti S.; Id. Pkt. motia, muttia, [H] nom. sg. msc.; cf. MG, madvu, and see mand Skt. Mauktika (nt.)] mata 'mother' acc. sg. f.; [Skt. mata) motiya 'pearls' nom. pl.; motiya S.; see moti man 'believe, consider, obey, value': manaum, manum (Bl pres. mohai 'captivate, dazzle' pres. indic., 3 p. sg.: (MG. mohvit, and indic., 1 p. sg., manai 3 p. sg., manau 2 p. pl.; maniu pst. pt., nom. sg. msc. and nt., mani nom. sg. f.; cf. MG. manvii and moha 'delusion' nom. sg. msc.; mohi, moha [B] inst. sg.; [Skt. Skt. manay moha] mana "likeness, resemblance' inst. sg. msc.; [Skt. mana] mana 'having measure, size' adj., obl. nt. (at end of compound); ya emph.: (see e, and of. MG. emph. encl., -y] Icf. Skt. mana (nt.) 'measure, size') ya uvana (B] 'youth' acc. sg. nt.; [Skt. yauvana] maya 'mother' S.; cf. Pkt. maya, Skt. matr (f.)] youana (B] 'youth' nom. sg. nt.; yovani, yovana [B] loc. sg.; mala necklace' nom. sg. f.: (Skt. mala] yovana S.; [Skt. yauvana] malali 'Malati (-tree)' S.: (Skt. malati (f.)] yadava 'Yadavas' acc. pl. msc.: (Skt. yadaval masa 'month' acc. sg. msc.; [Skt. masa (msc.)] yugala [B] 'twins' loc. sg. nt.; [Skt. yugala; cf. jugali]

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362 BENDER: THE NALARAYADAVADANTICARITA (TRANS. AMER. PHIL. SOC. yoga [B] 'acquisition, joining' nom. sg. msc.; yogi [B] loc. sg.; raha 'chariots' nom. pl. msc.: [Skt. ratha] [Skt. yoga] rahadi ? 'habit' inst. sg.; cf. rahadi, rahudi rahavai 'stop' pres. indic., 3 p. sg.; cf. rahrakata 'red' adj., S.; [Skt. rakta) rahavvai (H) 'stop' pres. indic., 3 p. sg., see rahavai rakta [B] 'red' adj., S.; [Skt. rakta) rahiri [B] 'blood' inst. sg. nt.; see ruhiriim rakhavala 'protection' nom. sg. msc.: I. MG, rakhval (msc.) and ta 'king' nom. sg. msc.; ri acc. sg.; ri obl. sg.; ra S.; see rai, Pkt. rakkhavala (adj.)] rau, raya ramka 'wretched' adj., nom. sg.msc.; ld. Pkt. ramka, Skt. ranka) rai 'king' nom. sg. msc.; rdi (H) obl. sg., rii voc. sg.: (see rau, ramga 'pleasure, attachment' nom. sg. msc.; ramga acc. sg.; ruya, and Pkt. rai, raya, Skt. rajan] ramgiim, ramga inst. sg.; ramga S.: (Pkt. ramga, Skt. ranga rau 'king' nom. sg. msc.; rai, raim inst. sg.; rae inst. pl.; rau S.; ramga arena' nom. sg. msc.; [Skt. ranga] see raya racana 'disposition' nom. sg. f.; [Skt. racana] rautta 'king' S.; (cf. Pkt. rautta, Skt. raja putra (msc.)] rajuabhiseka 'coronation' obl. sg. msc.: [Skt. rajyabhiseka] rauhu (H] 'mustard (-seed)' gen. sg.: ld. MG. rai (f.) 'mustard') raju (S] 'realm' nom. sg. nt., raju (SJ S.; see rajja raksasa "raksasas, evil creatures' S.; (Skt. raksasa (msc.)] rajja 'kingdom' nom. sg. nt.; rajja S.; [Pkt. rajja, Skt. rajya) raksisa (B] ; see raksasa rajjaabhiseka 'coronation' acc. sg. msc.; cf. Skt. rajyabhiseka] ras- "keep, protect, save'; rasai pres. indic., 3 p. sg.; rasi, rasa rajjaabheseka (P] ; see rajjaabhiseka impv., 2 p. sg.; rakhisi, rasasi (B] fut., 2 p. sg., rasiu pst. pt., radai 'weep' pres. indic., 3 p. sg.: (cf. MG. radvu, Pkt. rad., and nom. sg. msc., rasa (H] nom. pl., rasi nom. sg. f.; cf. MG. Skt. rut rakkva, Pkt. rakkh-, Skt. raks-] ranaramgi "battlefield' loc. sg. msc.; [Skt. ranaranga] rasadi 'amulet' acc. sg. f.; cf. MG. rakhdi (f.) 'thread tied ranarasi "desire for fight' inst. sg.: (see Monier-Williams, p. 864, around arm as preservative against evils'] ranarasika 'desiring of fight'] ramka [PS] ; see ramka ratana 'jewel' loc. sg. nt., ratana S.; [Skt. ratna rajakumari 'princess' voc. sg. f.; cf. Skt. rajakumarika and ratanakaramda 'jewel-casket' S.; cf. MG. karando and Skt. kumari (f.)] karanda (msc.)] rajakuyari [PS] 'princess' voc. sg. f.; see rajakumari rati 'Rati' S.; [Skt. rati (f.) 'Kama's wife') rajakuamri [B] 'princess' voc. sg. f., see rajakumari ratipuna [B] ; see ritu pamna rajabhakheka [B] : see rajabhisek ratna "jewel' S.; [Skt. ratna (nt.)] rajabhiseka "coronation, consecration of king' acc. sg. msc.; [Skt. ratnakaramda [H] 'jewel-casket' S.; see ratanakaramda rajabhiseka) ratha 'chariot, cart' nom. sg. msc.; ratha acc. sg.; rathi loc. sg.; rajalobhi 'desire for rule' inst. sg. msc.; d. Skt. rajyalobha ratha nom. pl.; ratha S.; [Skt. ratha) raja 'king' nom. sg. msc.; raja [H] acc. sg.; raja S.; [Skt. rajan radhi [B] 'wealth' acc. sg. f.; see ridhi, riddhi raja 'realm, rule' nom. sg. nt.; raja acc. sg.; raja abl. sg.; raji ramai 'play' pres. indic., 3 p. pl.; [Skt. ram loc. sg., raja obl. sg., raja S.; (cf. Pkt. rajja, Skt. rajya] ramana husband' nom. sg. msc.; [Skt. ramana] rajiu 'king' acc. sg. msc.; C. MG. rajiyo (adj.) 'man possessing ramani "beautiful' adj., obl. sg. f.; ramani inst. sg. f.; (cf. MG. glory of king') ramana (f.) and Skt. ramana rani 'queen' nom. sg. f.; rani acc. sg.; rani, ratiim inst. sg.; ramaniya 'delightful' S.; [Skt. ramaniya (adj.)] rani S.; (cf. Pkt. rani, Skt. rajni (f.)] ramali 'fortune-telling (by dice)' inst. sg.: (see Monier-Williams, raniya (H) 'queen' obl. sg. f.; see rani p. 868, Skt. ramala (msc., nt.) 'fortune-telling by dice' (cf. rati 'night' loc. sg. f.; rali S.; (cf. Skt. ratri] Arabic rammalll rani 'forest' loc. sg. nt., rana abl. sg.; rana obl. sg.; cf. Pkt. rambha 'Rambha' S.; (see Monier-Williams, p. 867, rambha: rannal form of Laksmi and regarded as the most beautiful woman in raya 'king' nom. sg. msc.; raya acc. sg.; Taya (BH, rayaim [B] Indra's court) inst. sg.; raya voc. sg.; raya nom. pl.; rayakam, rayam (B) gen. rayana "pearls' acc. pl. nt.; rayana S.; (Pkt. rayana, Skt. ratna pl.; raya S.; [Pkt. raya, Skt. rajan) rayanayara 'ocean, jewel-mine' nom. sg.: lcf. Skt. ratnakara rasa 'Rasa, dance' acc. sg. msc.; [Skt. rasa) (msc.)] rasi 'heap' nom. sg. msc.; rasi acc. sg.; [Skt. rasi] rali 'earned, acquired' c.p.: (cf. MG. ralum) rahadi ? 'dear, beloved' adj., nom. sg. f.; (cf. Pkt. rada, and rata 'song' inst. sg. msc.; [Skt. rasa) suff., -da-] ravi 'sunlight, sun' loc. sg. msc.; ravi obl. sg.: [Skt. ravi] raku 'mustard (-seed)' gen. sg.: (cf. MG. rai (f.) 'mustard'] ravivamisa 'Solar race (of kings)' S.; [Skt. raviranisa (msc.)] rahudi [B] ; see rahadi rasi 'placed' c.p.; cf. Pkt. rakkh-, Skt. raks) rikkha "constellation, star under which one is born' S.; Id. Skt. rasa 'pleasure' inst. sg. msc.; rasa nom. pl.; rasa S.; [Skt. rasa ksa (msc., nt.)] rasa 'excellent' acc. sg.: Icf. Skt. rasa (at end of compound) = ritupamna Rtuparna' nom. sg. msc.; ritu pamna obl. sg. 'best part'] rida ya 'heart' S.; [cf. Skt. hrda ya (nt.)] rasabhoga 'delightful pleasures' acc. sg. nt.; rasabhoga S.; [Skt. ridhi 'wealth' acc. sg. f.; see riddhi rasa, bhoga) riddhi 'wealth, prosperity' nom. sg. f.; riddhi acc. sg.; riddhi rasavai 'dish, preparation' acc. sg. f.; rasavai S.; lef. Skt. rasavati obl. sg.; riddhi S.: (Pkt. riddhi, Skt. rddhil (f.)] riddhi 'supernatural power' inst. sg. f.; d. Pkt. riddhi, Skt. rasavali 'dish, preparation' nom. sg. f.; rasavall acc. sg.: rasavall rddhi] S.; [Skt. rasasali] risabhadeva 'Rsabhadeva' S.; [Skt. rsabhadeval rasaha [B] ; see risaha 'Rsabha' risi 'rsi, sage' nom. sg. msc.; risi acc. sg.; risi S.; [Skt. rsi] rasi 'having taste for, impassioned,' adj., inst. sg. msc.; lef. Skt. risivarddhana 'Rsivardhana' S. rasin) risaha 'Rsabha' S.; (Pkt. risaha, Skt. tsabhal rasu [BH] ; see rasa 'excellent rijhai 'be delighted, pleased' pres. indic., 3 p. sg.: (cf. MG. rasoi 'dish, preparation' nom. sg. f.; rasoilm) acc. sg.: I. MG. rijhvu, and Pkt. rijjhrasoy (f.), and Pkt. rasavai, rasoi, Skt. rasavali (f.)] riti 'custom' inst. sg. f.; ritiim loc. sg.: [Skt. riti] rasoya (B] ; see rasoi rukkha 'tree' acc. sg. msc.; (Pkt. rukkha, Skt. orksa] rah- 'stay, live'; rahai pres. indic., 3 p. sg., rahau 2 p. pl.; ruc- "like, be pleased'; ruci pres. indic., 2 p. sg., rucai 3 p. sg.; rahitam pres. pt., abl. sg. (= adv.); rahiu, rahiu pst. pt., nom. cf. MG. rucvu, Pkt. rucc., Skt. ruc-] sg. msc., raki nom. sg. f.; rahi c.p.; cf. MG. rakevi, and Pkt. ruci "liking, taste, pleasure' nom. sg. f.; (Skt. ruci] rah-) runa 'chime' inst. sg. nt.: (cf. Pkt. runna (nt.)]

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VOL. 40, PT. 4, 1950] rudhiriim [H] 'blood' inst. sg. nt.; [Skt. rudhira] ruli 'excited' c.p.; [cf. Pkt. rul-] rusa [S] 'tree'; see rukkha rumsa 'tree' acc. sg. msc.; see rukkha ruhadi [B]; see rahadi GLOSSARY ruhiriim 'blood' inst. sg. nt.; [Skt. rudhira] ruada [B] 'beautiful' adj., nom. pl.; see ruyada rudau 'proper, virtuous, good' adj., nom. sg. msc.; [see ruyada, and cf. MG. rudu] rudi [B] 'form' acc. sg. f.; see ruyadi and ruyadau rupa 'silver' obl. sg. nt.; [Skt. rupa] rupa 'form' acc. sg. nt.; rupi, rupiim inst. sg.; rupi, rupa loc. sg.: [Skt. rupa] rupa 'beauty' S.; rupiim, rupai [B], rupi inst. sg. nt.; [Skt. rupa] rupa 'having form' adj., nom. sg. msc.; rupi acc. sg. msc.; rupa nom. pl. f.; [cf. Skt. rupa (at end of compound) and rupin] ruyadi 'form' acc. sg. f.; [Skt. rupa and suff., -di-] ruyadau 'handsome, beautiful' adj., nom. sg. msc.; ruyada nom. pl.; [cf. Pkt. rua, Skt. rupa, and suff., -da-] ruyadaum, ruyadu [B] 'well, beautifully' adv.; see ruyadau ruyadya [H] 'beautiful' adj., nom. pl. msc.; see ruyada rua 'beauty' S.; [Pkt. rua, Sht. rupa (nt.)] rusavau, rusavu [H] 'angered' pst. pt., nom. sg. msc.; [cf. MG. rusvi] ruhiriim [S] 'blood' inst. sg. nt.; [Skt. rudhira] re 'hey!' excl.; [Pkt. re, Skt. re] resae [P] 'for' postpos.; see resaya, resiim resiim 'for' postpos.; [cf. Pkt. resi, resim, resimmi] resaya 'for' postpos.; [cf. resae, resiim and Pkt. resi, resim, resimmi] ro- 'weep'; roi, roai [PS] pres. indic., 3 p. sg.; roti, roati pres. pt., nom. sg. f.; royu pst. pt., nom. sg. msc.; [cf. MG. rovi, and Pkt. roa-, rua-, Skt. rud-] roga 'disease' nom. sg. msc.; rogiim inst. sg.; roga S.; [Skt. roga] roja [H] 'day' obl. sg. msc.; [cf. MG. roz (msc.) and Pers. roz] roma 'hair' nom. pl. nt.; [Skt. roman] romanci 'having hair on body erect' adj., obl. sg. f.; see romamciya romamciya 'having hair on body erect' adj., nom. sg. f.; [cf. Pkt. romancia, Skt. romancita] rola 'tilak-paste' nom. sg.: [see Platts, p. 607, H. roli (f.) 'mixture of rice, tumeric, and alum with acid used to paint the sectarial mark on forehead'] rosiim, rosai [B] 'anger, rage' inst. sg. msc.; [Pkt. rosa, Skt. rosa] laganadivasi 'auspicious marriage-day' loc. sg. msc.; [Skt. laganadivasa] lacchi 'fortune, riches' nom. sg. f.; lacchi [P], lachi, lachi S.; [Pkt. lacchi, lacchi, Skt. laksmi] lajav 'put to shame'; lajavaim pres. indic., 3 p. sg.; lajaviu pst. pt., nom. sg. msc.; [cf. MG. lajavvu, Skt. lajjay-] laju 'modesty' acc. sg. f.; [cf. Skt. lajja (f.)] lajudi [S]; see lajjadi lajja 'modesty' acc. sg. f.; [Skt. lajja] lajjadi 'shame, modesty' acc. sg. f.; [lajja + suff. -di] lajjidi [H]; see lajjadi 363 lag 'stretch, begin'; lagaum pres. indic., 1 p. sg., lagai 3 p. sg.; lagau, lagu [BH] pst. pt., nom. sg. msc., lagaum nom. sg. nt., lagi, lagiya nom. sg. f.; lagi, lagi c.p.; [cf. MG. lagvu, Pkt. lagg-] laga 'necessary' adj., nom. pl. msc.; [cf. MG. lagu, lagvu) lachi Laksmi, good fortune' nom. sg. f.; [Pkt. lacchi, Skt. laksmi] lah 'take, get'; lahai pres. indic., 3 p. sg.; lahi c.p.; [Pkt. lah-, Skt. labh-] lei 'with' postpos.; [c.p. of l-, etc., 'take'] loana [B] 'eyes' nom. pl. nt.; loane inst. pl.; [cf. Pkt. loana, Skt. locana] loana [S] 'eyes' nom. pl. nt.; cf. loana loka 'people' nom. pl. msc.; loka acc. pl.; loka S.; [Skt. loka] loka pati 'world-ruler' nom. sg. msc.; [Skt. lokapati] lobhi, lobha [B] 'covetousness' inst. sg. msc.; [Skt. lobha] loyana 'eyes' nom. pl. nt., loyane [B] inst. pl.; [Pkt. loana, Skt. locana] laksa 'lakh' nom. sg.; [Skt. laksa (msc., nt.)] laksana 'mark' nom. pl. nt.; [Skt. laksana] lohi 'blood' S.; [cf. MG. lohi (nt.), Skt. lohita (msc. nt.)] lakha [H] estimation, statement' obl. sg.; [Skt. laksa (msc., nt.)] vairaga 'freedom from all worldly desires, asceticism' S.; vairagi lakha 'lakh' S.; [Pkt. lakkha, Skt. laksa] lakhi [B] 'read' c.p.; see lisi loc. sg. nt.; [cf. Pkt. vairaga, Skt. vairagya (nt.)] lasina [B] 'mark' nom. pl. nt.; see laksana lasita [H] 'painted' obl. pl.; Skt. likhita lagai 'for' postpos.; [cf. H. lagi vairi 'hostile' adj., nom. pl. msc.; [cf. Pkt. vaira, Skt. vairin] vauli 'filled with, dense' adj., nom. sg. f.; vauli abl. sg. nt.; [cf. Pkt. vaulia, Skt. vyakulita] liye] vakkhanai 'explain in detail' pres. indic., 3 p. sg.; [cf. Pkt. vakkhan-, Skt. vyakhyanay-] vakkhana 'teaching, preaching' acc. sg. nt.; vakhani inst. sg.; [cf. Pkt. vakkhana, Skt. vyakhyana] vacana 'declaration, statement, utterance' nom. sg. nt.; vacana acc. sg.; vacani, vacana inst. sg.; vacani, vacana loc. sg.; vacana acc. pl.; vacane [B] inst. pl.; vacani loc. pl.; [Skt. vacana] vachohiu [B]; see vichohiu vamchai 'desire' pres. indic., 3 p. sg.; [cf. Skt. vanch-] vamchi [H] 'wish' loc. sg. f.; [cf. Skt. vancha (f.)] vamchita 'wish' acc. sg. nt.; vamchita nom. pl.; [cf. Skt. vanchita] vada [S] 'Banyan-tree' obl. sg.; vadaha gen. sg.; [Pkt. vada, Skt. vafa] lahalah 'flourish'; lahalahai [B] pres. indic., 3 p. sg.; lahalahamta pres. pt., nom. sg. msc.; [cf. H. lahlahana 'flourish, bloom'] lahu 'young' adj., nom. sg. msc.; [cf. Pkt. lahu, Skt. laghu] ladana 'favored, pampered' nom. sg. msc.; [cf. MG. ladnu (adj.)]; or: 'groom' [cf. MG. ladi 'bride'] ladana 'wedding' acc. sg. nt.; [cf. MG. ladi (f.) 'bride'] ladi [BS] 'bride' nom. sg. f.; ladi acc. sg.; [cf. MG. ladi] ladiya 'bride' nom. sg. f.; ladiya [H] acc. sg. f.; see ladi ladhalaum 'gained, won' nom. sg. nt.; [cf. Pkt. laddha, Skt. labdha; and see Tessitori, SS 145, for -la suffix] ladhulu [H]; see ladhalaum labha 'acquisition' nom. sg. msc.; [Skt. labha] lavi 'provide' impv., 2 p. sg.; [cf. MG. lavvu] lavana 'grace, charm' S.; [cf. Skt. lavanya (nt.)] laha [B]; see lahu lahu 'gain, acquisition' nom. sg. msc.; [cf. H. lahu, and Pkt. Skt. labha] l-, li-, le-, liddh-, lidh-, laddh- 'take, undertake'; lii, lai [B] pres. indic., 3 p. sg.; lii, lai [B] impv., 2 p. sg.; leta pres. pt., nom. pl. msc.; liddha pst. pt., nom. sg. f., lidhaum [H] nom. sg. nt.; hidhau, lidhaum, lidhum [H] pst. pt., nom. sg. msc., lidhaum, lidhum nom. sg. nt.; laddha pst. pt., nom. sg. msc.; lei, lei, leiya c.p.; [cf. MG. levi, Pkt. le-, Skt. la-] lisi 'written' c.p.; [cf. Skt. likh-] likhya 'decorated, painted' nom. pl.; [cf. Skt. lekhya 'to be painted'] lina 'absorbed, engrossed in' adj., nom. sg. f.; [Skt. lina] lila 'disguise, sham' S.; lila acc. pl.; [Skt. lila (f.)] lilo [P] 'diversions' acc. sg. msc.; cf. lila lunai 'reap, pick' pres. indic., 3 p. sg.; [cf. Pkt. lun-] lu 'sunstroke' obl. sg.; [cf. MG. lu (f.)] luna 'salt' acc. sg. nt.; [cf. MG. lun (nt.)] lus- 'destroy, rob'; lusamti pres. indic., 3 p. pl.; lusiva, luseva [B] inf., obl. sg.; [cf. Pkt. lus-, Skt. lusay-] vana [H] 'except' prep. and post.; [cf. MG. van, vina] vatamsa ornament' S.; [Skt. vatansa (msc.)] vatta 'story' nom. sg. f.; vatta acc. sg.; [cf. Pkt. vatta, Skt. varta] vadana 'having face, countenance' adj., obl. sg. nt.; [cf. Skt. vadana (nt.)]

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364 BENDER: THE NALARAYADAVADANTICARITA (TRANS. AMER. PHIL. SOC. vadhai 'good-news, felicitations' acc. sg. f.; (cf. MG. vadhai (f.)] vadhau- 'perform welcoming ceremonies'; vadhavii (H) pass., pres. indic., 3 p. sg.: wadhaviyu pst. pt., nom. sg. nt.; ldf. MG. vadhavvu, and Pkt. vaddhav-) vana 'forest'obl. sg. nt.; vani, vaniim loc. sg.: [Skt. vana) vanagaja 'wild elephant' S.; vanagaji inst. sg.: [Skt. vanagaja (msc.)] vanagaju 'wild elephant' nom. sg. msc.; see vanagaja vanavasi "living in forest' adj., nom. sg. msc.; cf. Skt. vanavdsin vamd 'worship, reverence'; vamdai[m] pres. indic., 3 p. sg.; vamdi [B], tamdiya, vamdiya c.p.; vamdeva inf., obl. sg.; lof. Skt. vand-) vapu (S] 'body' nom. sg. nt.; (cf. MG. vapu, Skt. vapus] va yana 'speech, talk' acc. sg. msc.; (Pkt. vayana, Skt. vacana] va yaraga (B] ; see vairaga va yari (B] ; see vairi var. 'choose'; varai pres. indic., 3 p. sg., vari, vara impv., 2 p. sg.; variu pst. pt., nom. sg. msc.; vari c.p.; (Pkt. var., Skt. ur-) vara 'choice' nom. sg. msc.; vara acc. sg.: (Skt. vara] vara 'husband, bridegroom' nom. sg. msc.; vara acc. sg., varaha gen. sg.; vara S.; [Skt. vara) vara 'excellent, good' adj., nom. sg. msc.; varaha (H) gen. sg.: vara nom. sg. and pl. nt.; tara S.: (Skt. vara] vara 'excellence' obl. sg. msc.; cf. Skt. varal vara 'beautifully' adv.; [Skt. varam] vara mala "garland of choice' acc. sg. f.; [Skt. varamala] varamdi 'veranda' obl. sg. f.; [Pkt. veramdiya (f.) and Pkt, veramda, Skt, veranda (msc.) 'wall') varasa 'year' acc. pl. nt.; varasa S.; (cf. Pkt. varisa, Skt. varsa] variu 'filled with, endowed' adj., nom. sg. msc.; vari nom. sg. f.; (cf. Pkt. varia, Skt. vrta] vari (H] 'palace, house' loc. sg. msc.: (cf. Skt. vara (msc.) 'room, space' varas- 'rain down'; varasai pres. indic., 3 p. sg.; varasai [B] impv., 2 p. sg.; varasiya, varasi c.p.; (cf. Pkt. varas-, varis-, Skt. ors-) varasamtai (B] rain' loc. sg.; see varisamtai varis- 'rain down'; varisaim, varisaya (S] impv., 2 p. sg.; see varasvarisamtai 'rain' loc. sg.: cf. varasvarisi (S] 'years' loc. pl.; see varasa varu 'choice, selection' nom. sg. msc.; cf. Skt. vara] varo (HP] 'beautifully' adv., (see Skt. varam) varddhi (B] ; see srddhi varso [H] 'year' nom. sg. msc.; (cf. Skt. varsa] val- 'turn, return'; valai pres. indic., 3 p. sg.; valatau pres. pt., nom. sg. msc.; valiu pst. pt., nom. sg. msc.; vali c.p.: valiyu ? inf., obl. sg.; [Pkt. val., Skt. val.) valagadi 'caused to attach' c.p.: Id. MG. valgadvu] valavamtu 'wandering about' pres. pt., nom. sg. msc.; [of. sal) valavalai, valavalae [P] "be restless, keep turning about' pres. indic., 3 p. sg.: (cf. MG. salvalvu and see val-] valasi [P] 'play, playing' inst. sg. msc.; [Skt. vilasa] vali "cave, pit loc. sg. msc.; [Skt. vala] vali, vali [H] again' adv.; cf. MG. vali and valvu] vali 'then' conj.; see vali valiu ? 'strongly, with vigor' adv., (cf. Pkt. balia) valiya "again' adv.; see vali vallaha 'beloved' nom. sg. f.; [Pkt. vallaha, Skt. vallabha) vavahiya [P] ; see vevahiya vasani 'interpretation' inst. sg. nt.; see vakkhana vasi, vasa [P] 'power, control' loc. sg. msc.; (cf. Pkt. vasi] vasamta "Vasanta' nom. sg. msc.: vasamii, wasamta [B] inst. sg vasudeva "Vasudeva' nom. sg. msc. vasesai [B] 'particular, especial' adj., loc. sg.; see visesiim vastu "things, objects' nom. pl. nt.; vastu S.; [Skt. vastu vastra [B] 'clothes' nom. pl. nt.; vastra (BS] S.; [Skt. vastra] vahi 'guided, lead' c.p.; cf. Skt. vahvahuravai (B] ; see viharavai vai 'wind' loc. sg. msc.; (cf. Pkt. vaya, Skt. vata, MG. vaya) vamkadi 'crooked' adj., nom. sg. f.; (cf. MG. vakdu, and Skt. vak-, vank- 'be crooked') vacai [H), vacae 'read' pres. indic., 3 p. sg.: (see vac.) vacasara 'having, voice, speech' adj., nom. sg.: (cf. Skt. vaca, sara) vaj- 'sound, make sound'; vajai[m] pres. indic., 3 p. sg., vajaim pres. indic., 3 p. pl.; (cf. MG. vajuz, Pkt. vaji-, and Skt. vad-] vajitra musical instruments, vaditra' nom. pl. nt.; vajitri, vaji trai (B) inst. sg. nt.: (cf. MG. vajitra, Skt. vaditra] vamcai (B] 'read' pres. indic., 3 p. sg.: (cf. MG. vacvu] vani 'voice, speech, instruction' nom. sg. f.; vani acc. sg.; vani inst. sg.; [Skt. vani] vata 'story, matter, affair' nom. sg. f.; vata acc. sg.: (cf. MG. vat, Skt. varla] vada 'speech, talk' nom. sg. msc.; [Skt. vada) sadhai 'grow, increase' pres. indic., 3 p. sg.; cf. Pkt. vaddh-, saddh-, Skt. urdhsani 'forest' loc. sg. nt.; [Skt. vana) vani 'colored, hued' adj., obl. sg. f.; (cf. Skt. varna) vamdiya "reverenced' c.p.; (cf. MG. vandvu, Pkt. vand-, Skt. vand-1 vama 'left' adj., nom. sg. msc.; vami loc. sg.: I. MG. vam, Skt. vama) vaya (H] 'wind' loc. sg. msc.; cf. Pkt. vaya, Skt. vala; see voi] sar- 'warn, stop, restrain'; varai pres. indic., 3 p. sg.; variu, variu pst. pt., nom. sg. msc.; vari c.p.; cf. MG. Darvu, Pkt. var-, Skt. varayvara, vari 'time' loc. sg. msc.; [Pkt. Skt. vara] vara '12'; see bara varium 'warning' acc. sg.; ld. Pkt. varia, Skt. varita) varisiya [B] ; see varisiya varisiya 'years old)'; adj., nom. sg. f.; cf. Pkt. varisiya, Skt. varsika) vari 'well, good' adv.; ldf. MG. varu (adv.)] vali, vali [B] 'sent back c.p.; cf. MG. valva, Pkt. vals, Skt. valayvali (H) 'covered, brought to an end' c.p.; cf. MG. vasvu 'wind up, bring to an end,' Pkt. val-, Skt. valay.) vavi 'pond, pool' loc. sg. f.; cf. Pkt. vavi, Skt. vapi] vasa 'abode, dwelling-place, state of life' nom. Sg. msc., vasa acc. sg.; vasi loc. sg.: [Skt. vasa] vasi 'perfumed' c.p.; (cf. Skt. vasita 'perfumed 'l vasium 'lived' pst. pt., nom. sg. msc.; cf. MG. vasva] vase "year' loc. sg. msc.; (cf. Pkt. vasa, Skt. varsa) vikata "dreadful' adj., nom. sg. msc.; (Skt. vikata vikarala 'very ugly, frightful' adj., nom. sg. and pl. msc.; cf. MG. vikara!, Skt. vikarala) vikasamta 'gleaming' pres. pt., nom. pl. msc.; cf. MG. vikasvi, vikasvu 'bloom'; Pkt. vikas-, Skt. vi + kasvikari 'alteration, change' inst. sg. msc.; [Skt. vikara] vikhyata "famed' adj., nom. sg. msc.; vikhyata nom. sg. f.; vikhyata [H] obl. sg.; [Skt. vikhyata] vikhyaya 'proclaimed' adj., obl. sg.; cf. Pkt. vikkhaya, Skt. vikhyata vigai 'decorations' nom. sg. f.; cf. Pkt. vigai, Skt. vikti] vighana 'obstacle' nom. pl. nt.: (cf. Skt. vighna] vicaksana 'experienced' adj., nom. sg. msc.; [Skt. vicaksana] vicara 'meditation, conduct' nom. sg. msc.; vicara acc. sg.: (Skt. vicara] vicar- 'reflect, practice'; vicarium pst. pt., nom. sg. nt.; vicari c.p.; (cf. MG. vicarvi, Pkt. vicar., Skt. vi + carayvicitta 'various' adj., nom. pl. nt.: [Pkt. vicitta, Skt. vicitra) vichoh- 'take away, separate'; vichohiu, vichoh yau (B) pst. pt., nom. sg. msc.; vichohi c.p.; cf. MG. vichoh (msc.) and Pkt. vicchoha (msc.)] vichoha (B), vichohi 'separation inst. sg. msc.; (cf. MG. vichoh (msc.), and Pkt. vicchoha (msc.)] vijaya 'victory' S.; [Skt. vijaya (msc.)] vijanai 'learn of pres. indic., 3 p. pl.; (cf. Pkt. vijan-, Skt. vi + jna) vijoga [P] 'separation' nom. sg. msc.: [Skt. viyoga] vijjabala (H] 'power of magic' S.; [Skt. vidyabala (nt.)] vina 'without' postpos. and prep.; (cf. MG. van, vina]

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VOL. 40, PT. 4, 1950) GLOSSARY 365 vinasa 'loss' nom. sg. msc.; vinasa acc. sg.: (Skt. vinasa] vimtavai "lament' pres. indic., 3 p. sg.: (cf. MG. vitru, vitva) vinu 'except, without' postpos.; see vina vira "hero' nom. sg. msc.; vira voc. sg.; virii, viri (B) inst. sg.; vitta 'wealth' S.; [Skt. vitta (nt.)] vira nom. pl.; vira acc. pl.; vira S., (Skt. vira) vidarabha 'Vidarbha' S.; [Skt. vidarbha] viramai "Viramati' nom. sg. f.; [Skt. viramati] videsa [B], videsi 'foreign lands, abroad' loc. sg. msc.; [Skt. viramatiya 'Viramati' S.; [Skt. viramati] videsa) vivaha 'marriage' nom. sg. msc.; vivaha acc. sg.; vivaha obl. sg.; viddha 'stung' adj., acc. sg. msc.; (cf. Skt. viddha) (Skt. vivaha] vidya 'magic art' obl. sg. f.; vidya obl. sg.: [Skt. vid ya] vivahi (B] "father of son's wife or daughter's husband' nom. pl. vidyakala 'magic arts' obl. pl. f.; [Skt. vidyakala) msc.; see vevahiya vidyabala 'magic power' S.; [Skt. vidyabala (nt.)] visarai 'forget' pres. indic., 3 p. sg.: [cf. MG. visarvu, Pkt. visar-, vidhiim, vidhi (B), vidhai [S] 'prescribed manner' inst. sg. msc.; and Skt. vi + smr-l [Skt. vidhi] visasi 'trusting' adj., nom. sg. f.; visasi obl. sg. f.; (cf. Pkt. vinaya 'proper conduct, propriety' acc. sg. msc.; [Skt. vinaya] visasiya, Skt. visvasita) vinani "learned, heard' c.p.;[cf. Pkt. vinna-, Skt. vi + jna-] visama "rest' acc. sg. msc.; (cf. Pkt. visama, Skt. visama (msc.)] vinanaim 'comprehension, understanding' loc. sg. nt.: (cf. Pkt. visasa 'confidence' nom. sg. msc.; visasi inst. sg.; [Pkt. visasa, vinnana, vinnana, Skt. vijnana) vissasa, Skt. visvasa) vinana 'having knowledge' adj., nom. sg. f.; cf. Pkt. vinnana, visi [BH] "true, honest' adj., obl. sg. f.; (cf. MG. visi 'honest, Skt. vijnana (nt.)] courteous, wise') vinoda [B], vinodi diversion, pastime' loc. sg. msc.; [cf. MG. vudhi 'moved, went' c.p.; [cf. MG. vidhvu] vinod (msc.), and Skt. vinoda (msc.)] orddhi 'prosperity' S.; [Skt. urddhi) vimala 'clear, pure' adj., nom. sg. msc.; cf. MG. vimal, Skt. vegi 'speed, rush' inst. sg. msc.; [Skt. vega] vimala) vegali 'gone off, distant, separate adj., nom. sg. f.; cf. MG. vimana (H] 'vehicle' nom. sg.; vimara, vimane loc. sg.; (cf. Skt. vegla, Pkt. veggala; and Pkt. vigal., Skt. vi +gal- 'pass away, vimana (msc., nt.)] disappear, vanish') vimasai 'be depressed' pres. indic., 3 p. sg.: Id. MG. vimasvuj vecai 'spend' pres. indic., 3 p. pl.; (cf. MG. vecvi, Pkt. vecc-, vimasi 'deliberation' loc. sg. msc.: (cf. Skt. vimarsa) vicc-) viyoga "separation nom. sg. msc.; [Skt. vi yoga vedi ? 'difficulty' inst. sg., vediim loc. sg.: (see Dave, p. 186, vedi viramai "Viramati' nom. sg. f. (loc. sg. f.) 'straightened circumstances') viraha 'separation' nom. sg. msc.: [Skt. viraha) vetala 'demons, goblins' nom. pl. msc.; [Skt. vetala] viruda [H] ; see biruda veni [P] 'forest' loc. sg. nt.: [cf. Skt. vana] viruum (H); see viruum veyavacca "piety' acc. sg. nt.; (cf. Pkt. veyavacca, Skt. vaiyavrttya, viruam (H) ; see virum vaiyaprtya viruam uncouth' adj., nom. pl. nt.: [cf. Pkt. virua, Skt. sirupalveli pit' loc. sg.: [cf. MG. vela (msc. pl.) 'difficult straits,' and viruum 'harm' nom. sg. nt.: cf. Pkt. viria, Skt. virupa see S variant, vali, and Skt. vala (msc.) 'enclosure, cave'] vilai 'dissolution, disappearance' acc. sg. msc.; [Skt. vilaya) velu 'sand' inst. sg. f.; cf. MG. velu (1.)] vilamba 'delay' loc. sg. msc.; [Skt. vilamba) sevahi [B] ; see vevahiya vilasa 'play, happiness, lust' acc. sg. msc.; vilasa [P], vilasi inst. vevahiya 'father of son's wife or daughter's husband' nom. pl. sg.; vilasi loc. sg.: (Skt. vilasa) msc.; vevahiya inst. pl.; (cf. Pkt. vevahiya, Skt. va ivahika] vilasa 'semblance' voc. sg. msc.; [Skt. vilasa] vya pa 'acquisition' nom. sg. nt.: (cf. Skt. vyapya (nt.) and vyapti vilopai "harm, hold back' pres. indic., 3 p. pl.; (cf. Skt. vilopay-] (f.)] vivanu [S] 'banished' nom. sg. msc.; cf. Pkt. vivaniya, Skt. vya panita sama (H] 'tranquility' S.; (cf. Skt. sama (msc.)] vivahala (B] 'distressed, deranged' adj., nom. sg. f.; (cf. Skt. samti [B] "Santi' acc. sg. msc. vihvala, and see vivhala] Sasanadevi [B] ; (see sasanadevi, and cf. Skt. sasanadevi (f.) viveka "discrimination, discernment, etiquette' nom. sg. msc.; sasana, sasani [H] 'instruction' inst. sg. nt.; [Skt. Sasana] viveka acc. sg.; viveka inst. sg; viveka S.; [Skt. Viveka) siva 'happiness' S.; [Skt. siva (msc.)] vivega "discrimination' acc. sg. msc.; cf. Pkt. vivega, Skt. viveka] Sila 'virtue' S.; [Skt. Sila (nt.); see sila] vivhala 'distressed, distraught' adj., nom. sg. f.: (Skt. vivhalal Suni (H] 'heard' c.p.: see sunvisa "poison nom. sg. nt., visa S.; (Skt. visa subha 'happiness' S.; [Skt. subha (nt.)] visai [B] S.; see visa ya frmgara (B] ornaments' acc. pl. msc.; [Skt. frngara (msc.); see visa ya 'senses' nom. sg. msc.; visaya S.; [Skt. visaya) simgara] visyaya [B] ; see vikhyaya framgara [B] 'ornaments' nom. sg. msc.; see simgara, simgara] visane 'vices' loc. pl. nt.; cf. Skt. vyasana (nt.)] Sravane 'ears' inst. pl. msc.; (Skt. Sravana (msc.)] visa ya 'objects of senses' S.; Pkt. visaya, Skt. visaya] sravaka "lay disciple' nom. sg. msc.; sravaki, sravaka (H] inst. visala 'broad, spacious' adj., nom. pl.; [cf. Skt. visala, Pkt. visala] sg.: [Skt. Sravaka] visi (HS) "power' loc. sg.; see vasi Sri 'revered' S.; (cf. Skt. Sri, at beginning of compound] visesiya 'lavished, enhanced' c.p.; (cf. Pkt. vises., Skt. visesa y.) visesiim 'particular, especial' adj., loc. sg. msc.: (Pkt. visesa, Skt. See Introduction and under kh for remarks on writing of $ for kh visesa] saru (B] 'positive, certain'; see kharau viharavai 'cause to eat' pres. indic., 3 p. sg.; lof. H. viharna) samsai (B] 'cry out' pres. indic., 3 p. sg.: (cf. MG. khasva 'cough' vihanai 'in the morning' adv.; (see Monier-Williams, p. 1003, and H. khasna vihana (?) msc. nt. 'morning, dawn' Lexical; Pkt. vihana; H. samavaim 'ask forgiveness' pres. indic., 3 p. pl.; cf. Pkt. kham-, bihane (adv.) 'at dawn, the next day'] and caus. of Skt. ksam-] vihanei [P] ; see vihanai samni [B] ; see khani 'mine' vihi 'destiny, fate' nom. sg. msc.; vihi S.; [Pkt. vihi, Skt. vidhi] sina [B] ; cf. ksana 'moment' vijaladi (BH) : (see vijuladi and df. MG. vijli (1.)] sitra ya panaum (B] ; see ksatri panaum 'rulership vijuladi "lightning' obl. sg. f.; cf. Pkt. vijjuli, Skt. vidyut; and sina (B) ; see ksani 'instant' MG. vijli) siradamdira 'Ksiradandira (-gods)' nom. pl. msc. vitai 'surround' pres. indic., 3 p. sg.: Id. MG, vitva, vitu; and sucai 'pierce' pres. indic., 3 p. sg.: (cf. MG, khumcva] Pkt. vimt-) sefa 'villages' acc. pl. msc.; cf. Skt. kheta (msc.)] vimtai (P] ; see vilai seda (S] ; see seta 'villages

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366 BENDER: THE NALARAYADAVADANTICARITA (TRANS. AMER. PHIL. SOC. sediva 'drive' inf., obl. sg.: (cf. MG. khedvu] sedavai 'drive' pres. indic., 3 p. sg.; cf. Pkt. khed- and MG. khedvu] sodi 'defect, blemish' nom. sg. f.; cf. MG, khod (f.) 'defect, blemish' and Pkt. khoda "lame'] samaje [B] ; see khamsa pron., nom. sg. f.; sa [P] adj., nom. sg. msc.; (see Tessitori, $90; Pischel, $ 423] sa 'together with prefix; cf. Skt. inseparable prefix, sasaivara ]HS] ; see sa yamara, saimara saimdehi 'with own body' inst. sg.: (cf. Pkt. sai, Skt. sed, swayam, and Skt. stadehal saimvara svayamvara' nom. sg. msc.; saintsara acc. sg.: saim vari loc. sg.; saimara S.; cf. Pkt. saim, sa yam, saya mara; Skt. Sura ya muara saimvari 'svayamvara' loc. sg. msc.; see saimuara saidehim (H) ; see saimdehi sau '100': [cf. MG. so, Pkt. saya, Skt. Satal sau, saum [H] 'with, concerning' postpos.: (cf. MG. Su] samyoga [P] 'together with adj., nom. sg. msc.; cf. Skt. samyoga] sakala 'all, complete adj., obl. pl. msc.; sakala nom. pl. f.; sakala S.; [Skt. sakala) sa kalatu (H) 'with his wife' adj., nom. sg. msc.: Id. Skt. saka- latra sa kalatta 'with his wife' adj., nom. sg. msc.; sa kalatta [P] obl. sg. msc.; [Skt. sakalatra] sakalatra 'together with his wife' adj., obl. sg. msc.: [Skt. saka latra sakhi excl. sakhi "friend, companion' acc. sg. f.; sakhi voc. sg.: [Skt. sakhij sagi, sagim [S] loc. sg. msc.; cf. Pkt. sagga, Skt. svarga saguna 'virtuous' adj., nom. pl. msc.; saguna (PH) nom. sg. f.; [Skt. saguna) saggi 'heaven' loc. sg. msc.; cf. Pkr. sagga, Skt. svarga] saghalau [S], saghalum adj., nom. sg. msc.; saghalam nom. pl. nt.: [cf. MG. saghlu] sacaracara (P), sacaracari universe' loc. sg.: lef. Skt. caracara (nt.) 'the universe,' and MG. sacarcar vikhyat 'known through- out the world') sacimti 'anxious, despondent' adj., obl. sg. 1.; d. Skt. sacinta) sacca [S] 'purity' obl. sg. nt.; cf. Skt. satya) saja "prepared' c.p.; cf. Skt. sajja 'ready, prepared' and sajt kr- 'prepare'] saji (Si prepared' c.p.; cf. Skt. sajja 'prepared,' and sajji kr "prepare') sajana [H] 'kinsmen' nom. pl.msc.; (cf. Pkt. sajana, Skt. svajana] sajana [B] 'kinsmen' nom. pl. msc.; (see sajana] sajali 'having water' adj., nom. sg. f.; [Skt. sajala) sajai 'preparation' loc. sg. f.; cf. MG. sajai) sajja 'prepared' adj., nom. sg. f.; cf. Skt. sajja] sajjana 'good people' nom. pl. msc.; (cf. Skt. sajjana (msc.)] samketa 'allusion' nom. sg. msc.; [Skt. samkela) samkha 'summing up, reckoning' nom. sg.: cf. Pkt. samkha, Skt. samkhya (f.)] samkhevi 'in brief, in condensed form' adv.; (cf. Pkt. samkheva, Skt. samksepa (msc.)] samga 'connection' acc. sg. msc.; [Skt. sanga (msc.)] samgama 'meeting' S.; (Skt. sangama) samgama [B] "Sangama' (N. of city); see samgara samgara 'Sangara' nom. sg. samgara [H] 'ornamentation' obl. sg. msc.; (Pkt. simgara, Skt. frigara samgha 'congregation' obl. sg. msc., samgha S.; [Skt. sangha samcarai "come' pres. indic., 3 p. sg.: (cf. MG, sancarvi, Pkt. samcar., Skt. sam + car.) samcarata 'going' pres. pt., nom. pl. msc.; lef. Skt. samcaray) samjama 'self-restraint, Samyama' nom. sg. msc.; samjama acc. sg.; samjama S.; [Pkt. samjama, Skt. samyama sa mjamaraja "the principal vows' nom. sg. msc.; ld. Skt. sam yama (msc.), raja (at end of compound) 'chief, best of its kind') samjima 'restraint' obl. sg. msc.; samjima [BP] S.; see samjama samjutta "together with adj., nom. sg. msc.; [Pkt. samjutta, Skt. samyukta) samjoga 'together with adj., nom. sg. msc.; [Skt. samyoga] saddhai 'ascetic' S.; (see Sheth, saddhai 'a kind of ascetic who dwells in the forest'] samda 'ox, independent fellow' nom. sg. msc.; [Pkt. samda, Skt. sanda] sambala 'provisions for journey' obl. sg.: (Pkt. sambala, Skt. sambala (msc., nt.)] sati 'virtuous woman, sati' nom. sg. f.; sati acc. sg. sali S.; [Skt. sali) salia [S] 'wifely fidelity' nom. sg. f.; see satiya saliya 'wifely fidelity' nom. sg. f.; satiya S.; cf. Skt. satita (f.)] sati pana 'wifely fidelity' nom. sg. f.; (cf. Skt. satitra (nt.)] sata (B] ; see satta '7" satta '7': (Pkt. satta, Skt. sapta sattikara 'alms-house' nom. pl.; sattakari loc. sg.: (cf. Skt. saltragrha (nt.), and Skt. kara (f.) 'place of confinement'l sattha 'beautiful, fortunate' obl. sg. f.; [Pkt. sattha, Skt. Sasta) satthataha 'caravan leader' nom. sg. msc.; satthavahi, satthavaka [B] inst. sg.; [cf. Pkt. satthavaha, Skt. sarthasaha] satya 'purity' acc. sg. nt.; [Skt. satya] safra 'virtue, strength of character' S.; [Skt. sattva (nt.)] sada [HS] 'ever' adv.; [Skt. sada) sadaya [BP] 'ever' adv.; [Skt. sada and MG. saday, cf. sada-i] sanala "endowed with, possessing' adj., obl. sg. msc.; [Pkt. sanaha, Skt. sanatha) sancha 'affection' inst. sg. msc.; [Pkt. saneha, sneha (msc.)] samtani 'stemming from, of family of' adj., nom. sg. msc.; cf. Skt. santani (adj.) 'continuing, prolonging') samtap- 'tease, torment'; samta paim pres. indic., 3 p. pl.; sam lapiu pst. pt., nom. sg.msc.: I. MG. santapa, Pkt. samtapp Skt. sam + lapsamtapa 'distress, grief' nom. sg. msc.: [Skt. santapa] samtavai 'burn up' pres. indic., 3 p. sg.: Iof. Pkt. samtas, Skt. santapay samti 'peace' S.; [Pkt. samti, Skt. Santi (f.)] samti "Santi' acc. sg. msc. samtos- 'delight'; samlosai (B) pres. indic., 3 p. sg.; samtosiim pass., 3 p. pl.; samtosi, santosiya c.p.: (cf. Skt. sam + tosay-] samtosa "contentment, joy' acc. sg. msc.; samlosi inst. sg.: [Skt. santosa] samnidhi 'depository' nom. sg. msc.; [Skt. samnidhi] sa mini pata (N. of disease) obl. sg. msc.; [Skt. samnipata] sabhaga 'corresponding to' adj., nom. sg.: (Skt. sabhaga) sa phala "fruitful' adj., nom. sg. msc.; [Skt. sa phala) sa phala 'fruits' acc. pl. nt.; [Skt. sa phala (nt.)] sa phara 'majestically' adv.; cf. H. sphara, Skt. sphara) sabada 'sound' acc. sg. msc.; [Skt. sabda; and see Bate, p. 726, H. sabada (Braj) sabala "mighty, powerful' adj., nom. sg. msc.; sabala obl. sg. msc.; sabala nom. pl. msc.; sabala S.; cf. MG. sabal, Skt. sabala) sabha 'assembly, court' loc. sg. f.; sabha obl. sg.: [Skt. sabha] sabhaga 'fortunate' nom. sg. msc.; [Skt. sabhagya] sama 'tranquillity' S.; [Skt. sama (msc.)] sama 'like' adj., nom. sg. msc.; sama obl. sg. nt.: (cf. Skt. sama] samai 'time' loc. sg. msc.; cf. Pkt. samaya, Skt. sa maya] samakita 'Samyaktva, completeness, perfection' acc. sg. nt.; samakita S.; [Skt. samyaktva (nt.)] sa mana [B] 'dream' acc. sg. msc.; samanaim (B] loc. sg.; see suminaim samanau [B] 'dream' acc. sg. msc.; see sumina sa madau "all together' adv.; [Skt. samudaya (msc.) 'collection, assemblage') samaratha 'great' adj., obl. pl. msc.; [Skt. samartha) samarasa "equal feeling' acc. sg. msc.; [Skt. samarasa (adj.) 'having equal feelings') sa marupa 'having same form' adj., obl. sg. msc.: (Skt. sa maripal samasaim 'conjunction, combination' inst. sg. msc.; [Skt. sam avaya)

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VOL. 40, PT. 4, 1950) GLOSSARY 367 sa mavaya [B] 'all together' adv.; (cf. Skt. samavayena, sa mavayat (adv.) 'in combination' samahatti 'directed to, with postpos.; Id. Pkt. samahuttal samana "like, equal to' adj., nom. sg. f., see samana sa mana "like, equal to' adj., nom. sg. msc.; samana acc. sg. msc.; samana [S] nom. sg. f.; [Skt. samana) samina [P] 'dream' nom. sg. msc.; see sumina sa minum [Bdream' acc. sg. msc., see sumipaum samiti '(five) rules of conduct' acc. pl. f.; [Skt. samiti] samidhi [B] "perfect' adj., nom. sg. f., see sa middha sa middha 'increase' nom. sg.; [cf. Pkt. sa middha, Skt. samrddha 'complete'; and Skt. samrdh (f.)] samiddha "perfect, complete, filled with adj., nom. sg. msc.; samiddha obl. sg. msc.; samiddha nom. pl. f.; sa middha nom. sg. nt.: [Pkt. sa middha, Skt. samrddha) sami 'calmly, tranquilly' adj., nom. sg. f.; (cf. MG. sami, sami; Pkt. samia] samuccaraim 'utter, repeat' pres. indic., 3 p. pl.; (Pkt. samuccar, samud + car-) samuha (S] 'towards' adj., nom. sg. msc.: (cf. Pkt. sammuha, Skt. sammukha) samela 'accompanied by, together with adj., nom. sg. msc.; sa mela nom. sg. f.; [Skt. sameta] sampatti 'fulfillment, accomplishment' nom. sg. f.; [Skt. sam- pati] sam pada 'benefit' S.; (cf. Skt. sampad] sampirai 'attain fullness' pres. indic., 3 p. sg.; (cf. Skt. sam + pr-'be completely filled') sambadha [H] 'connection' nom. sg. msc.; cf. Skt. sambandha] sambamdha 'connection' nom. sg. msc.; [Skt. sambandha) sambhavai 'arise, happen' pres. indic., 3 p. sg.; cf. MG. sam bhava 'originate, arise') sambala 'provisions for journey' acc. sg.: Id. Skt. sambala, sambala (msc., nt.)] sambharium (BH) 'remembered' pst. pt., nom. sg. msc.; (cf. Pkt. sambhar-) sambhala 'care, protection' acc. sg. f.; [MG. sambhal (f.)] sammaha 'towards' postpos.; lcf. Pkt. sammuha, Skt. sammu kham sammuha 'before, towards' adj., nom. pl. msc.; [Pkt. sammuha, Skt. sammukha] sayala 'whole, all' adj., nom. sg. nt.; sayala obl. sg.; sa yala S.; Icf. Skt. sakala) sa yalau [H] 'complete' adj., obl. sg.; see sayala sa yamvara (H) 'svayamvara' nom. sg. msc.; saya muari loc. sg.; sa ya muara S.; [Pkt. sa yamvara, Skt. sua ya muara sari 'move, take' c.p.; (cf. MG. sarva, Pkt. sar., Skt. srsaraga 'heaven' abl. sg. msc.; saragi loc. sg. saraga obl. sg.: [cf. MG. sarg, Skt. svarga saramga "pleasures of love' acc. sg.: [cf. Skt. saraga (adj.)] saramga 'impassioned' adj., nom. pl. nt.: [cf. Skt. saranga 'having color' and saraga 'impassioned, enamoured') saramga 'charming, beautiful, glorious' adj., nom. sg. msc.; saramga nom. pl. msc.; [Skt. saranga] sarasa 'everything' acc. sg. nt.: (Skt. sarval sarasarit "noble lake' loc. sg. nt.; cf. Skt. sarovara (nt.)] sarasa 'tasty, interesting' adj., nom. sg. f.; sarasa nom. sg. nt.; [Skt. sarasa] sarasati 'Sarasvati' S.; [Skt. sarasvati (f.)] sari [B] 'fortune, wealth' obl. sg. f.; see siri sari [B] ; see sri sarasiu (B] 'with postpos.; [cf. Pkt. sarisa, and see sarasau) sarasau 'with' postpos., nom. sg. msc.; cf. sarisau sarasium [B] 'with postpos., nom. sg. msc.; cf. sarisau sarisau 'with adj., nom. sg. msc.; sarisaim inst. sg.; d. Pkt. sarisa) sarupa 'beauty' S.; (cf. Skt. sarupa) sarupa 'own form' nom. sg. nt.: [Skt. svarupa (nt.)] sarupa "beautiful' adj., obl. pl.; [Skt. sarupa] saruva 'handsome, beautiful' adj., nom. sg. msc.; saruva nom. pl. msc.; saruva [B] nom. sg. f.; (Pkt. saruva, Skt. sarupal sarga [P] 'heaven' abl. sg. msc., see saraga sarggi [P] 'heaven' loc. sg. msc.; cf. MG. sarg, Skt. svarga) sarvasiddhi 'complete perfection' inst. sg. f. (Skt. sarvasiddhil saluna 'excellent, beautiful' adj., obl. sg. f.; salune inst. pl. nt.: [cf. MG. salunu] salunau 'excellent, superb' adj., obl. sg. msc.; see saluna salekha 'having letters' adj., obl. pl. msc.: [cf. Skt. lekha savaya 'true-speaking' adj., nom. pl. msc.; cf. Pkt. savaya, Skt. sadvada] savi 'all together' adv., see sahu save [BH] 'all together' adv.; see sahu savisesa especially' adv.; [cf. Skt. visesat] savaftha 'Sarvartha (siddha)' (N. of highest heaven) loc. sg. saviveka 'full of religious discernment' nom. sg. msc.: (cf. Skt. saviveka) savesa [HP] 'apparelled, ornamented' adj., nom. sg. f.; [Skt. savesa savia 'everything' acc. sg. nt.; [Pkt. savva, Skt. sarva] samvata : (see Skt. sa mual 'samvat year') sa moara [BH] 'svayamvara' S.: (see Monier-Williams under samvara and svaya muara samara 'forbearance, obstruction' acc. sg. msc.; samara S.; [Skt. samvara] samvega "desire for emancipation' acc. sg. msc.: [Skt. samvega] samsa [B] ; see samkha samsevi (B] ; see samkhesi samsahi 'patiently' adv.; (= c.p.; see Pkt. samisah-, Skt. sam + sah-) samsari 'world' loc. sg. msc.; [Skt. samsara) samsara 'vacillating' adj., nom. sg. nt.: [cf. Skt. samsarin) sasi [BH] ; see sakhi 'friend' sa si [B], sasi [H] ; see sakhi excl. sasura [H] 'father-in-law' S.; [Pkt. sasura, Skt. Sua sura] sahai 'endure' pres. indic., 3 p. sg.: Icf. Pkt. saha-, Skt. sahsahaja 'by nature' adj., obl. sg. msc.; cf. Skt. sahaja] sahadara "brother' S.; cf. Skt. sahodara (msc.)] sahalo 'fruitful, profitable' adj., acc. sg. nt.; [Skt. saphala] sahasa '1000'; (cf. Pkt. sahasa, sahassa; Skt. sahasral sahikari 'fragrant mango-tree' loc. sg. msc.; [Skt. sahakara) sahija [B] ; see sahaja sahita 'together with postpos.; [see Tessitori, $75] sahisa [B]"1000'; see sahasa sahi 'correctly, accurately' adv.; (cf. MG. sahi, Ar. sahih] sahiya 'indeed' excl.; (cf. sahi, and Tessitori, $ 103] sahu, sahu, sahu-a, sahum 'every, all' adj. and pron., nom. sg. msc.; sahui inst. sg. msc.; savi, save nom. pl. msc.; savi, save acc. pl.msc.; cf. Pkt. savva, Skt. sarva) sahi-i-koi, sahukoi 'everybody' nom. sg. msc. sa pron. and adj., nom. sg. f.; [cf. Tessitori, $ 90; Pischel, $423] samkadi "lean, scanty' adj., nom. sg. f.; cf. MG. sakadu, and Pkt. samkadiya, Skt. samkasita] samkalaum 'chain'acc. sg. nt.; [cf. MG. sakla, and Pkt. samkala, Skt. srnkhala) samkodi 'bound tight, covered' c.p.: [cf. MG. sakaduu 'bind, tight,' sa mkodavat, samkadavi 'be crowded'; and Pkt. samkodiya, Skt. samkofita] sacau 'true' adj., nom. sg. msc.; (cf. Pkt. sacca, Skt. satya) sac 'complete, prepare, take care of'; sacavi pres. indic., 3 p. sg., sacavailm] 3 p. pl.; sacawau, sacavu (H) impv., 2 p. pl.; ldf. MG. sacawa] sajaya 'groom's party' nom. pl.msc.; cf. MG. sajan) sajana 'good people' nom. pl.msc.; (cf. Pkt. sajjana, Skt. sajjana] sajana (HSI 'good people' nom. pl. msc.; [Skt. sajjana) samjhai 'evening' loc. sg. f.; (cf. Pkt. samjha, Skt. sandhya] sadi "sari' nom. sg. f.; sadi S.: (Pkt. sadi, Skt. sapa] sata ": [cf. MG. sat, Pkt. satta, Skt. sapta) satha 'caravan, retinue' nom. sg. msc.; satha acc. sg.; sathiim, sathaim [H] inst. sg.: satha abl. sg.; satha obl. sg.; satha S.; [Pkt. sattha, Skt. sartha satharau 'grass-bed' acc. sg. msc.; ld. MG. satharo; and see sadharu]

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368 BENDER: THE NALARAYADAVADANTICARITA (TRANS. AMER. PHIL. SOC. sathavaha "leader of caravan' nom. sg. msc.: (cf. Skt. sarthavaha) sathai (B] 'with' postpos.; (see sathi and of. MG. sathe] sathai [B] 'together with adv.; (see sathiim and cf. MG. sathe] sathi 'with postpos.; (cf. Skt. sarthena and MG. sathe] sathiim 'with postpos.; (cf. Skt. sarthena and MG. sathe; see sathi, sathai] sathiim "together with adv.; (cf. MG. sathe, Skt. sarthena; see sathi, sathiim, sathail sathi (B] "svastika' nom. sg. msc.; see sathiya sathiya 'svastika' nom. sg. msc.; cf. MG. sathiyo (msc.) 'an auspicious mark painted in the front of a house': Pkt. satthia, Skt. svastika) sadha [H] 'sadhu' nom. sg. msc.; sadha (B] acc. sg.: Icf. Skt. sadhu sadharu (H) "grass-bed' acc. sg. msc.; see satharau sadhu "sadhu' nom. sg. msc.; [Skt. sadhu] sanamda "joyful, delighted' adj., nom. sg. msc.; sanamda nom. pl. msc.; sanamda acc. pl. msc.; [Skt. sananda samnadhi [B] 'appearance, presence' loc. sg. nt.; sampnadhi [B] obl. sg.; see samnidhi samnidhi, samnidhii [P] loc. sg. nt.; samnidhi obl. sg.: [Skt. saminidhya sapa 'snake' S.: (cf. Pkt. sappa, Skt. sarpa (msc., f.)] sapadeka 'having form of snake' adj., obl. sg. msc.; cf. Skt. deha (at end of compound) 'having appearance of'] samamta "vassals, district officers' acc. pl. msc.: (see Monier- Williams, p. 1205, samanta (msc.) 'vassal, chief of district (paying tribute to lord paramount)') samala 'black' adj., obl. sg. nt.; (cf. Pkt. samala, Skt. syamala] sambhariu 'remembered' pst. pt., nom. sg. msc.; cf. MG. sabharva, Pkt. sambharsambhali 'heard' pst. pt., nom. sg. f.; cf. MG. sabhava, Pkt. sambhal.) sara (BH), sari 'essentials' inst. sg.; sara nom. pl.; [Skt. sara (msc., nt.)] sara 'excellent, good' inst. sg. msc.; sari loc. sg.: (cf. MG, sara, and Skt. sara) sara 'all' adj., nom. pl.; (cf. MG. sari, Skt. sara) sara *consisting of' adj., nom. sg. msc.; sara obl. sg.; sara S.; (see Skt. sara (at end of compound) 'consisting of"] saru [S] 'good' inst. sg. msc.; see sara sarathia 'charioteer' acc. sg. msc.; cf. Skt. sarathi] sarata [H] 'all' nom. pl. msc.; (cf. Skt. sarva) sarasa 'sarasa (-bird)' S.; [Skt. sarasa] sarium 'excellent' adj., obl. sg.: (cf. Pkt. saria, Skt. sarika) sarisau 'with postpos., nom. sg. msc.; (cf. Pkt. sarisa, sarisa] sarthavaha (BS)'leader of caravan' nom. sg. msc.; [Skt. sartha vaha] sala "sala-thorn' obl. sg. msc.; [Skt. Sala savai (B] "lay disciple' S.; see sava ya savaya 'lay disciple' S.; cf. Pkt. savaya, Skt. fravaka (msc.)] samsai 'doubt' inst. sg. msc.; cf. MG. saso (msc.), Pkt. samisai, Skt. samsaya (msc.)] samsaya (B] ; see samsai sasaga [H] 'perfect, possessed of good qualities' adj., nom. sg. msc.; [Pkt. sasaga, Skt. sasyaka) sasanadevatiim 'tutelary deity' inst. sg. f.; [Skt. Sasa nadevata] sasanadevi 'tutelary deity' obl. sgl f.; [Skt. sasa nadevi, Pkt. sasa nadevi) sasanadevi 'tutelary deity' S.; see sasanadevi sasarii 'father-in-law's house' loc. sg.; cf. Pkt. sasura (nt.), Skt. svasura (msc.)] saha [B] 'sadhu, sage' nom. sg. msc.; see sahu sahama [H] 'with postpos.; (cf. Pkt. sahamma, Skt. sadharmya (nt.)] sahi 'with' postpos.;[= c.p., cf. Pkt. sah-, Skt. sadh-) sahasa 'bold, without hesitating' adj., nom. sg. msc.; cf. Skt. saha sa] sahu 'sadhu' nom. sg. msc.; saku acc. sg.: [Skt. sadhu) sium 'with' postpos.; (see Tessitori, $70; cf. MG. fa] sium 'with, together with adv.; see sium sier "of what sort' adj., acc. sg. nt.: (cf. MG. Sl] sium of this sort' adj., nom. sg. nt.; see isium simgara 'ornaments' acc. pl. msc.; [Skt. srngara) sinagara (BJ 'ornaments' acc. pl. msc.; see simgara sinagariim 'were adorned' pass., 3 p. pl.; [Pkt. simgar, Skt. srnigaray-) sita 'white' adj., nom. sg. msc.; cf. MG. sil, Skt. Sveta) siddha [H] 'accomplished, perfected' nom. sg. msc.; [Skt. siddha) siddhi 'perfection, final emancipation' nom. sg. f., siddhi loc. sg.; [Skt. siddhi (f.)] sira 'stream' nom. sg. f.; [Pkt. sira, sira, Skt. Sira] siri 'head' loc. sg. nt.: [Pkt. sira, Skt. Siras) siri, siri 'fortune, wealth' obl. sg. f.; siri S.: (Pkt. siri, Skt. sri] silatali 'surface of rock' loc. sg. nt.: [cf. Skt. Silatala) sita Siva' nom. sg. msc.; [Pkt. sita, Skt. siva simha lion' S.; [Skt. sisha (msc.)] simhakesari 'Sinhakesarin' nom. sg. msc. simhasani (B)'lion-throne' loc. sg. nt.; simhasana (B] nom. pl.; Skt. sinhasana) simhasani lion-throne' loc. sg. nt.; simhasana nom. pl.; [Skt. sinhasana) si honorific prefix; see Pkt. si, Skt. sri simgara 'ornamentation' nom. sg. msc.; simgera acc. sgile. Pkt. simgara, Skt. sragara] sidhi 'perfected' adj., nom. sg. f.; [Skt. siddha sima acme, utmost limit' nom. sg. f.; simi, sima (B] loc. sg.; (cf. MG. sim, Skt. siman) simadika [H]'enclosure' obl. sg.: (see sima, and H. adika 'etc.') sila 'virtue' nom. sg. nt.; sila S.; [Skt. Sila, Pkt. sila] sis. "learn'; sisai pres. indic., 3 p. pl.; sisi pst. pt., nom. pl. f.; sisi c.p.; (cf. Pkt. sikkh-, Skt. Siks-1 sisa 'teaching, instruction' acc. sg. f.; (cf. Pkt. sikkha, Skt. siksa] sisamana 'instruction' nom. sg.; sisamana S.; cf. MG. sikhaman (f.), and Skt. Siksa (f.)] sisamana 'instruction' acc. sg.; (cf. MG. Sikhamar, Skt. fiksa (f.)] sisa 'pupil' inst. sg. msc.; (cf. MG. sis, Skt. fisya) siha lions' S.; [Pkt. siha, Skt. sinhal su pron. and adj., nom. sg. msc.; [see Tessitori, 8 90; Pischel, $ 423) su "100'; cf. sau sukumala 'tender' adj., nom. pl.msc.; [Skt. suku mala, sukumara) sukrta meritorious act' S.; [Skt. sukyla (nt.)] sukha 'joy, comfort, delight' nom. sg. nt.; sukha acc. sg.; sukhi, sukhai (B), sukha inst. sg.; sukhiim loc. sg.; sukhe (HP) inst. pl.; sukha S.; ld. Skt. sukha) sukhasani 'palanquin' loc. sg. nt.; [Pkt. suhasana, Skt. sukhasana) sukhini 'happy, delighted' adj., nom. sg. f.; (cf. Skt. sukhin) sukhi 'fortunate' adj., nom. sg. msc.; [Skt. sukhin sugandha 'fragrant' adj., obl. sg. f.; (cf. Skt. sugandhin) sugaru [P] 'excellent teacher' S.; cf. Skt. suguru) suguna 'worthy, excellent, virtuous' adj., nom. sg. msc.; suguna [B] nom. pl. msc.; suguna nom. sg. f.; [Skt. suguna) suguru 'excellent teacher' S.; [Skt. suguru (msc.)] sujasa 'fame' nom. sg. nt.; cf. Skt. suya sas] sujanai ? 'know well' pres. indic., 3 p. sg.: Icf. Pkt. sujana, Skt. sujfa 'wise') sujana 'wise' adj., nom. sg. msc.; sujana voc. sg. msc.; sujani voc. sg. f.; (cf. Pkt. sujana, Skt. sujnana) sujanaha 'good knowledge, wisdom' gen. sg. nt.: (Skt. sujnana] sujanu 'wise' adj., nom. sg. msc.; [Pkt. sujana, Skt. sujna) sujana 'wise, skilled' adj., nom. sg. msc.; cf. Pkt. sujana, Skt. sujnana) suddhai (S ?; see saddhai sudhala 'richly provided' adj., nom. sg. msc.; cf. Pkt. sadhala] sun- 'hear'; sunai pres. indic., 3 p. sg., sunaim 3 p. pl.; suni impv., 2 p. sg., sunaha, sunau 2 p. pl.; sunamta pres. pt., nom. sg. msc., sunatam abl. sg. (= adv.); sumi pst. pt., nom. sg. f.; supiim pass., 3 p. sg. suni, suni [H], suniya, sunia c.p.; cf. Pkt. sun., Skt. srusunita 'favorable adj., nom. sg. msc.; cf. Skt. suniti]

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VOL. 40, PT. 4, 1950) GLOSSARY 369 sula 'son' acc. sg. msc.; [MG. sul, Skt. suta) susavaim 'lay disciples' loc. pl. msc.; (cf. Pkt. susavaya, Skt. suta "daughter' nom. sg. f.; [Skt. suta] susravaka] suthai 'well, skillfully' adv.; cf. Pkt. sutthiya, sutthia, Skt. susava yam [P] ; see susavaim susthita, susthu sumhalada [B] 'soft' adj., obl. pl. msc.; see sumaladam sudi [cf. Skt. sudi, sudi 'in the light fortnight' or 'light half of suha 'contentment' S.; [Pkt. suha, Skt. sukha (nt.) lunar month'] suai 'disgrace' acc. sg.; Id. Pkt. suaya, Skt. sulaka (nt.)] sudha (B] "pure' adj., inst. sg. nt.; see sudha, suddha sui [H] ; see saai suddha "pure, correct, true' adj., obl. sg. msc.; suddha nom. sg. sudra 'cook' nom. sg. msc.; suaraha gen. sg.: (see sugara and of. nt.; [Skt. suddha] Skt. supakara (msc.)] suddha 'suddha' loc. sg. msc.; [Skt. suddha (msc.)] sualadam [P] ; see sumaladam suddhi [H] 'purification' nom. sg. f.; [Pkt. suddhi, Skt. suddhi] suyara 'cook' nom. sg. msc.; suyaraha (PS) gen. sg.: (see saara sumdara 'beauty' acc. sg., sumdara S.; cf. Skt. sundara (adj.)] and cf. Skt. supakara (msc.)] sumdara 'handsome' adj., nom. sg. msc.; [Skt. sundara) sum 'with' postpos.; see sium sumdari 'Sundari' nom. sg. f. sumaladam 'soft' adj., obl. pl. msc.; cf. MG. suvaldu, Pkt. sumdaru 'handsome' adj., obl. sg. msc.; cf. Skt. sundara) sumala, suumala, Skt. sukumala] sumna Salone' adj., nom. sg. msc.; cf. MG. suni, sunu, Pkt. sumki [BH] 'left' c.p.; (cf. Pkt. sumk-) sunna, Skt. sunya) suli 'sleeping' pres. pt., nom. sg. f.; suti acc. sg. f.; suli, sutiya suparisa (B] 'noble person' S.; see supurisa [B] inst. sg. f. supavilta completely pure' adj., acc. sg. f.; [Pkt. su pavitta, Skt. suta 'speaking properly' adj., nom. sg. msc.; cf. Pkt. sutta, Skt. su pavitra sukta) supasiddha 'celebrated' adj., nom. sg. nt.; (Skt. suprasiddha] sudha 'pure, faultless' adj., obl. sg. msc. and nt.; sudhai inst. sg. supurisa 'noble person' S.; (cf. Pkt. purisa, Skt. purusa (nt.)] msc.; sudha nom. pl. msc.; (Pkt. suddha, Skt. Suddha) supramana 'surpassing, great' adj., nom. sg. nt.; (Skt. supra- sina [B] 'alone' adj., nom. sg.: (cf. MG, sunu, suna, Pkt. sunna, munal Skt. funya) supramana 'greatly, lavishly' adv.; [Skt. supramanal siya 'scripture' S.; (cf. Pkt. sua, sulta, Skt. sutra (nt.)] suprita "very lovely' adj., nom. pl. msc.; [Skt. suprita] suadam 'parrots' nom. pl. msc.; see suyada suphala (H] 'sweet fruits' acc. pl.; cf. Skt. suphala (adj.)] suyada 'parrots' nom. pl. msc.; (cf. Skt. Suka) suphala (H] 'fruitful' adj., nom. sg. msc.; [Skt. suphala (adj.)] sura 'heroes' nom. pl. msc.; cf. Skt. sural subahu 'mighty' adj., nom. sg. msc.; [Skt. subahu] suriim, suri [B] "Suri, sage' inst. sg. msc.; [Skt. suri] subha 'auspicious' adj., obl. sg. msc.; [Skt. Subha) surija 'sun' inst. sg. msc.; surija S.; cf. Pkt. suria, sujja, Skt. subha 'happiness' S.; [Skt. subha (nt.)] surya sumamgali 'Sumangala' inst. sg. msc. surisara 'prince of suris' nom. sg. msc.; cf. Skt. suri, isvara] sumina 'dream' nom. sg. msc.; sumina [P] loc. sg.; sumina obl. sekhara 'most excellent' adj., nom. sg. msc.; lef. Skt. Sekhara] sg.: [Pkt. sumina, Skt. sva pna] seta 'white' adj., nom. sg. nt.; [Pkt. setta, Skt. Sveta] suminaum 'dream' acc. sg.; suminaim loc. sg.; [Pkt. sumina, setta (H) ; see seta Skt. suapna (msc.)] sena 'army' inst. sg. f.; sena obl. sg.; [Skt. sena] sura 'god' nom. sg. msc.; sura obl. sg.; sura acc. pl.; sura S.; seyala (H] 'all' adj., S.; see sayala [Skt. sura] seradi 'fullness, plentitude' nom. sg. f.; cf. H. seri (f.) 'fullness, suratara (B] 'divine-tree' loc. sg. msc.; see surataru plentitude' surataru 'divine-tree' loc. sg. msc.; [Skt. suratarul seriya [H] ; see seradi suramma 'very delightful' adj., obl. sg. msc.; cf. Pkt. suramma, seua 'service' acc. sg. f.; [Skt. seva (f.)] Skt. suramya sevaka 'servant' nom. sg. msc.; sevaka obl. sg.: (Skt. seva ka] suraloi 'heaven of gods' loc. sg. msc.; (cf. Pkt. suraloa, Skt. seva 'service acc. sg. f., sevi S.; (Skt. seva (f.)] suraloka) seviya 'observed, practiced' c.p.; (cf. Pkt. seu-, Skt. sessuraloya [B] ; see suraloi so pron., nom. sg. msc.; 50 [B] adj., nom. sg. msc.; (see Tessitori, suravara 'superb god' nom. sg. msc.; suravara acc. sg.: [Skt. $90; Pischel, $ 423) suravara) soka 'grief' acc. sg. msc.; sokiim inst. sg.; [Skt. Soka] surimda 'chief god' nom. sg. msc.; (cf. Pkt. surimda, Skt. soga 'sorrow' S.; (cf. H. soga, Skt. Soka (msc.)] surendra) sodhi "cleared' c.p.: [cf. Skt. sodha (msc.) "purification' and suruva [H] 'beautiful' nom. sg. f.; (see surupa, and Pkt. suruva) Sudh-) surupa [P] 'handsome, beautiful' adj., nom. pl. msc.; surupa sona, sona [B] 'gold' obl. sg. nt.; (cf. Pkt. sonra, Skt. suvarna) nom. sg. f. [Skt. surupa) sobha 'beauty' S.; (cf. Skt. sobha (f.)] sulipi 'alphabets' acc. pl. f.; [cf. Skt. lipi (f.)] sobhakara (B]'shining, lustrous' adj., obl. sg. nt.: Id. Skt. sulidhan (P), sulidhu 'taken with ease' adj., nom. sg. msc.; see sobhakara (adj.)] lidha sobhakarana 'light-maker' nom. sg. msc.; cf. Pkt. sobha, Skt. suvanna 'golden' adj., acc. pl. nt.; cf. Pkt. suvanna, Skt. Suvarna) sobha, Skt. karana (adj.) suva samta [S] ; see suvisamta sobhaga 'perfect wifehood' S.; [cf. Skt. saubhagya (msc.)] suvicari 'good intent' inst. sg. msc.; (Skt. suvicara) sobhaga 'blessed, fortunate' adj., nom. sg. msc.; cf. Skt. saubhagya suviveka 'very clever, wise' adj., nom. sg. msc.; cf. Skt. vivekin) (nt.)] suvisamta sobhaga 'beauty, charm, wealth' inst. sg. nt.: sobhagaim, sobhagai ? 'calmed' adj., nom. sg. msc.; cf. Pkt. samta, Skt. santa (adj.) 'pacified, calmed') [B], sobhagii [H] loc. sg.; sobhaga S.; Ief. Skt. saubhagya (nt.)! sobhasara 'beautiful' adj., obl. sg. nt.; cf. Skt. Sobha, sara) suvisara (H] 'diffusion' nom. sg. msc.; cf. Skt. visara (msc.) soma "mild, gentle' adj., S.; (cf. Pkt. soma, Skt. saumya) 'diffusion'] somadeva 'Somadeva' nom. sg. msc. suvisalo ? 'assiduously' adv.; (cf. Skt. suvisala 'very large') sovana 'golden' adj., S.; [Skt. sauvarna) suvesa "elegantly clad, well-attired' adj., nom. sg. f.; (Skt. suvesa) sovana 'gold' nom. sg. nt.; [Skt. sauvarna) susa (BH) S.; susai (B] 'happiness' loc. sg. nt.; see sukha sovana [B] 'golden' adj., acc. pl. nt.; (cf. Skt. sauvarna) susani (B] 'happy, delighted' adj., nom. sg. f.; see sukhini soramna 'golden' adj., nom. sg. f.; (Skt. sauvarna) sumsamara pura 'city of Sumsumara' loc. sg. msc.; sumsamara- sova samta [B] ; see suvisamta pura S. sohai'glitter, shine' pres. indic., 3 p. sg.: ldf. Pkt. soh-, Skt. susara 'father-in-law' S.; (cf. Pkt. sasura, Skt. sua sura (msc.)] subh

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370 BENDER: THE NALARAYADAVADANTICARITA (TRANS, AMER. PHIL. SOC. sohi (B] 'bright, shining' adj., obl. sg. msc.; (cf. Skt. Sobhin] hahakara "great lamentation acc. sg. msc.: ld. MG. hahakar sohamma "Saudharma-heaven' loc. sg. msc.; cf. Pkt. sohamma, (msc.) 'great lamentation'; Skt. hakara (msc.) 'the exclamation Skt. saudharma) ha' and hahakrta 'filled with cries'] soha 'bright, brilliant' adj., obl. sg. msc.; lef. Pkt. soha, Skt. hi emph.; (cf. Skt. hi, and see Tessitori, $ 104] Sobha (adj.)] hitabuddhi 'friendly intent' acc. sg. f.; (Skt. hitabuddhi] stuli [B] 'praise' acc. sg. f.; [Skt. stuti (f.)] hitu (S] 'welfare' obl. sg. nt.: (cf. Skt. hita) syara (P] ; see sara 'having best part hima (H] now, then' adv.; (cf. hiva and MG. hamna] starupa 'having form' adj., obl. sg. f.; [Skt. svarupa (nt.)] hiyai [S] 'heart' loc. sg.; cf. hiyai, and hiyadam svada 'taste' S.; [Skt. svada (msc.)] hiyau [P] 'heart' acc. sg.; cf. hiyadam svada mti tasting' pres. pt., nom. sg. 1.; cf. Skt. svad-, svad-] hiva 'now' adv.; lof. MG. hase] svami 'master, lord' S. [Skt. svamin (msc.)] hivai (S] 'now' adv.; cf. hiva suamiya ; see svami hivai 'princes' nom. pl. msc.: [cf. Skt. adhipati) sveta [B] 'white' adj., nom. sg. nt.: cf. Skt. sveta] hitadam [H] 'now' adv.; (cf. hiva and MG, havda] hivadam 'now' adv.; cf. hiva and MG. havda] ha emph.; (cf. Skt. ha] hive "then' adv.; [cf. hiva, hivai and MG. have] haii (B] 'heart' loc. sg.: see hiyai hiam [S] 'heart' acc. sg.; hii inst. sg.; hii (H] loc. sg.: (cf. Pkt. haida ai [B] 'heart' loc. pl.; see hiyadae hia, hiaya, Skt. hrda ya (nt.) haidume (B] 'heart' acc. sg.: see hiyadam himdola 'swing' S.; cf. Pkt. dola (f.) 'swing' and Skt. kindola hakarau 'invite' impv., 2 p. pl.: (cf. MG, hakarva, Pkt. hakkar) (msc.) hata "welfare' obl. sg. nt.: lef. Skt. hita] kiai 'heart' loc. sg.: (cf. Pkt. hia, kiaya, Skt. hrdaya; cf. loc. of hamdika [H] ; see hundika htm] hathi, hathim 'hand' inst. sg. msc.; lef. Pkt. hattha, Skt. hasta, hiyai 'heart' loc. sg.: [cf. Pkt. hia, hiaya, Skt. hrdaya (nt.)] MG. hath] kiyadam 'heart' acc. sg.; hiyadae, hiyadai (S) loc. pl.; [cf. Pkt. hathiara 'weapons' acc. pl.; (cf. MG. hathiyar (msc., nt.), Pkt. hiada, hia ya, Skt. hrdaya (nt.)] hatthiyara (nt.)] humdika 'Hundika' nom. sg. msc.; kumdiki acc. sg.; humdiki hatthiara (H); see hathiara inst. sg.; humdika voc. sg.; humdika obl. sg. hamti 'slaying' pres. pt., nom. sg. f.; Iof. Skt. han-] hum, hum 1 p. pron., nom. sg.; mujha, majha, majjha (B), mum, ha ya 'horses' nom. pl. msc.; ha ya S.; [Skt. haya) mum acc. sg., mujha, mujhaha, majha [B] gen. sg.; maim, mai hayavara 'excellent horses' S.; see haya [PS], maya [B] inst. sg.; amhe, amha, amhi, amhi (H) nom. pl.; haraum "remove, take away' pres. indic., 1 p. sg.: (cf. Skt.hr amha, ama [P] gen. pl.; mujha obl. sg.; mujha S., (see Tessitori, harasa 'delight' nom. sg. msc.; harasa acc. sg.; harasiim inst. $ 84] sg.: harasa S.; cf. Skt. harsa, Pkt. harisa] hamkara "yell, shout' acc. sg.: (cf. Pkt. humkara, Skt. hunkara harasiu (B), harasiu 'delighted' nom. sg. msc.; harasiya nom. pl. (msc.)] msc.; see harisiu he excl.; 10. Skt. he, MG, he] harasyai [B] 'delight' inst. sg. msc.; cf. Skt. harsa) hethali 'beneath' postpos.; (cf. MG, hethal, hethe; see Tessitori, hari 'Hari' S.msc. $ 101, and Pischel, $ 107] haricamda 'Haricandra' S, msc. hethi 'under' postpos.; (cf. Pkt. hetha, MG, hethel harimilta "Harimitra' nom. sg. msc. heta [B] ; see hetu harisiu 'delighted' nom. sg. msc.; harisia [P], harisya nom. pl. hetu 'cause, reason' inst. sg. msc.: [Skt, hetul msc.; (cf. Pkt. harisia, Skt. harsita hema 'golden' adj., obl. sg.: (cf. Skt. hema] harisiim (S] 'delight' inst. sg. msc.; cf. Pkt. harisia; and Skt. hema mai 'golden' adj., loc. sg. nt.; ldf. Pkt. hemama ya, Skt. harsa (msc.)] hemama ya halavistim, halavasai [B] fut., 3 p. sg.: (cf. MG, halavu] hemavai (H] 'golden' adj., loc. sg. nt.; hemavai loc. pl.; lef. Pkt. hava [H] 'now' adv.; see hiva hemava, Skt. hemavat] hasai (B) 'now' adv.; see hiva hemavae 'Himalayas' loc. pl. msc.; lef. Pkt. hemavai, hemava ya; havada (B) 'now' adv.; Id. MG, havda] Skt. haimavata havi [B] 'now' adv.; see hiva heli 'sport, pastime' inst. sg.: (see Monier-Williams, p. 1305, hamsa 'hansa, king' nom. sg. msc.; hamsa acc. sg.: [Skt. kansa heli = hela (f.) 'sport' has. laugh'; hasai, hasil (H) pres. indic., 3 p. sg.; hasamta pres. helam 'wanton sport' inst. sg. f.; ld. Skt. hela (f.)] pt., nom. sg. msc.; hasi, hasiya c.p.: (Pkt. has, Skt. has. keva excl.; (see Skt. eua and Tessitori, $ 103] haha 'alas!' excl.; (cf. Skt. haha) ko-, ku-, hu-, ha- 'be, become'; hour pres. indic., 1 p. sg.; hoi, ha excl.; (cf. Skt. ha excl. of anger, pain, etc.) hoya (B), kui, hii, huim, huai (BS] 3 p. sg.; huija, kuju (S), hani 'injury, harm' nom. sg. f.; (cf. Pkt. hani, Skt. hanij huja [P] prec., 3 p. sg. (see Tessitori, $ 120, and of the MG. hatha 'hand' nom. sg. msc.; hatha acc. sg.; hathiim (H), hathi, impv. in -jol; hoisu, hoisum (P] fut., 1 p. sg., hosai [B], hosii, hathi inst. sg.: (d. MG. hath, Pkt. hattha, Skt. hasta) hosiim (H), hosi, hoisii (PS), hoisi [P], hoyasi (B), hoyasai [B]. hathi [H] 'with' postpos.; see hatha and ef. sathi of other mss. husii, kusii, hisii, hasi, hasai [B] 3 p. sg.; hutau, kumtau [S] har. "lose'; harai, harae (PS) pres. indic., 3 p. sg.; hari impv., 2 p. pres. pt., nom. sg. msc., hamtam nom. pl. msc., huti, hunti (H), sg.: harium pst. pt., nom. sg. nt.; hari [B], hariya, harani (S), himta, hati [B] nom. sg. f., hutum, hutum (BS) nom. sg. nt.; haranai [P] c.p.; (cf. MG, harvi, Pkt. har., Skt. haray kuu, huse [P] pst. pt., nom. sg. msc., hun obl. sg., hva, huam [H] hara "necklace' acc. sg. msc.; [Skt. hara] nom. pl., hui, hai (B] nom. sg. f., hiu, hiium nom. sg. nt.; huya hara (H] 'losses' acc. sg. msc.; [Skt. hara) pst. pt., nom. pl. msc.; hau [S] pst. pt., nom. sg. msc., hai (H) kari'defeat' nom. sg. msc.; hari acc. pl. msc.; [Skt. haril nom. sg. f.; (Pkt. ho-, hoa-, Pa. bhara-, ho-, Skt. bhs

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REFERENCES ALSDORF, LUDWIG. 1928. Der Kumarapalapratibodha (Alt- zu Gottigen, Philologisch-Historische Klasse, Neue Folge, und Neu-Indische Studien herausgegeben vom Seminar fur Band IX, Nro. 2). Berlin, Weidmannsche Buchhandlung. Kultur und Geschichte Indiens an der Hamburgischen Uni- The Mahabharata (translated into English prose). Calcutta, versitat). Hamburg, Friederichsen, De Gruyter and Co. Protup Chandra Roy. 1884. - 1936. Harivamsapurana (Alt- und Neu-Indische Studien The Mahabharata, critically edited by Vishnu S. Sukthankar, herausgegeben vom Seminar fur Kultur und Geschichte Fascicule 11, Aranyakaparvan (part I). Poona, BhandarIndiens an der Hansischen Universitat) (No. 5). Hamburg, kar Orient. Research Inst. 1941. Friederichsen, De Gruyter and Co. MEHTA, BH.N., MEHTA. 1925. The modern Gujarati-English BATE, J. D. 1918. A Dictionary of the Hindee Language, 2nd dictionary. 2 v. Baroda, M. K. Kothari. ed. Allahabad, The Indian Press, 1918. MONIER-WILLIAMS, Monier. 1899. Sanskrit-English dictionBELSARE, M. B. 1927. An Etymological Gujarati-English Dic- ary. 2nd ed. Oxford, Clarendon Press. tionary, 3rd ed. Ahmedabad, R. M. Shah. MUNSHI, K. M. 1935. Gujarata and its literature. Calcutta, BLOCH, JULES. 1920. La Formation de la Langue Marathe. Longmans, Green and Co., Ltd. Paris, Edouard Champion. PADMANJI, B. 1875. Compendium of Molesworth's Marathi BLOOMFIELD, L. 1933. Language. N. Y., Henry Holt. and English dictionary. Bombay, Education Soc. Press. BLOOMFIELD, M. 1913. The character and adventures of Mula- SISTER NIVEDITA and ANANDA K. COOMARASWAMY. 1914. deva. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 52: 616-650. Myths of the Hindus and Buddhists. N. Y., Henry Holt - 1920. The Dohada or craving of pregnant women: A motif and Co. of Hindu fiction. Jour. Amer. Orient. Soc. 40: 1-24. PISCHEL, R. 1880. Desinamamala by Hemacandra, Part I, BOHTLINGK, OTTO, and RUDOLPH Roth. 1835-1875. Sanskrit- Text and Critical Notes. Bombay. Worterbuch, herausgegeben von der Kaiserlichen Akademie --- 1900. Grammatik der Prakrit-Sprachen (Grund. d. Indoder Wissenschaften. 7 v. St. Petersburg. Arischen Phil. u. Altertumskunde). Strassburg, Trubner. BROWN, W. NORMAN. 1938. An old Gujarati text of the Kalaka PLATTS, JOHN T. 1930. A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, story. Jour. Amer. Orient. Soc. 58 (1): 5-29. and English. 5th impression. Humphrey Milford, Oxford - 1941. The basis for the Hindu act of truth. Rev. of Re- Univ. Press. ligion 5 (1): 36-45. POLEMAN, HORACE I. 1938. A census of Indic manuscripts in BUHLER, GEORGE. 1898. On the origin of the Brahma Alpha- the United States and Canada (Vol. 12 of the Amer. Orient. bet. 2nd revised edition of Indian Studies No. III. Strass Soc.). New Haven. burg, Trubner. SHASTRI, PANDIT VIDHUSHEKHARA BHATTACHARYA. 1920. The BURLINGAME, E. W. 1917. Act of truth. Jour. Royal Asiatic wide sound of e and o in Marwari and Gujarati. Indian Soc., 429-467. Antiquary 49: 109-114. CHATTERJI, S. K. 1926. The origin and development of the SHETH, HARGOVIND DAS T. 1923-1928. Paia-Sadda-Mahannavo Bengali language. 2 v. Calcutta, Univ. of Calcutta Press. (Prakrit-Hindi lexicon, 4 v.). Calcutta, published by the DASGUPTA, SURENDRANATH. 1922. A history of Indian philoso- author. phy 1. Cambridge Univ. Press. STEVENSON, MARGARET. 1915. Heart of Jainism. Oxford DAVE, T. N. 1935. A study of the Gujarati language in the Press. 16th century (V.S.). James G. Forlong Fund, 14. London, 1920. Rites of the twice-born (Religious Quest of India). Royal Asiatic Soc. London, Milford. DIVATIA, N. B. 1921. Gujarati language and literature. 2 v. VIJAYA RAJENDRA SURI. 1913-1925. Abhidhanarajendra (Pkt.(Wilson Philological Lectures). Bombay, Macmillan. Skt. lexicon of Jain texts). Ratlam. EDGERTON, FRANKLIN. 1911. The K-suffixes of Indo-Iranian, TAWNEY, C. H. 1895. The Kathakosa (Oriental Translation Part I. Leipzig, W. Drugulin. Fund, New Series II, Royal Asiatic Soc.). Royal Asiatic - 1946. Meter, phonology, and orthography in Buddhist Soc. hybrid Sanskrit. Jour. A mer. Orient. Soc. 66 (3): 197-200. TAYLOR, G. P. 1944. The student's Gujarati grammar, revised EMENEAU, M. B. 1935. A union list of printed Indic texts and by Edith R. L. Lewis. Surat, Missions Press. translations in American libraries (Vol. 7 of Amer. Orient. Te TESSITORI, L. P. 1913. On the origin of dative and genitive Soc. Ser.). New Haven, Amer. Orient. Soc. postpositions in Gujarati and Marwari. Jour. Royal Asiatic GREAVES, E. 1933. Hindi grammar. Allahabad, Indian Press. Soc., 553-567. GRIERSON, SIR GEORGE ABRAHAM. 1899-1928. Linguistic sur - 1914-1916. Notes on the grammar of the Old Western vey of India. 11 v. Calcutta, India. Rajasthani, with special reference to Apabhramsa and to HARRIS, Z. S. Methods in descriptive linguistics (manuscript). Gujarati and Marwasi. Indian Antiquary 43, 44, 45. BomHindi Sabdasagara, Hindi lexicon, Pracarinisabha of Benares. bay, British India Press. 1916-1928. TISDALL, ST. CLAIR. 1892. The Gujarati language. London, JACOBI, HERMANN. 1921. Sanatkumaracaritam (Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Philoso Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner and Co. phisch-philologische und historische Klasse. XXXI Band, TOD, JAMES. 1914. Annals and antiquities of Rajasthan. 2 v. 2 Abhandlung). Munchen: Verlag der Bayerischen Aka London, George Routledge & Sons Ltd. demie der Wissenschaften. TRENCKNER, V. 1924-1926. Critical Pali dictionary, revised - 1914. Jainism. Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics 7: by Dines Andersen and Helmer Smith. Copenhagen. 466. N. Y., Charles Scribner's Sons. TURNER, R. L. 1931. Dictionary of the Nepali language. JAINI, J. L. 1940. Outlines of Jainism. Cambridge Univ. London, Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner. Press. VALE, RAMCHANDRA NARAYAN. 1948. Verbal composition in JOHNSON, HELEN M. 1931, 1937. Trisastisalakapurusacaritra Indo-Aryan. Poona, Deccan College. Review in Jour. 1, 1931; 2, 1937 (Gackwad's Oriental Series, Nos. 51, 77). Amer. Orient. Soc. 69 (2): 106-108, 1949. Baroda, Oriental Institute. VELANKAR, H.D. 1946. Jinaratnakosa (An Alphabetical RegKELLOGG, S. H. 1938. A grammar of the Hindi language. ister of Jain Works and Authors) 1. Poona, Bhandarkar London, Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner and Co., Ltd. Oriental Research Institute. LUDERS, HEINRICH. 1907. Das Wurfelspiel in alten Indien --- 1946. Chandassekhara of Rajasekhara Kavi. Jour. Bom(Abhandlung der koniglichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften bay Branch Royal Asiatic Soc. 22: 1-32. 371

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372 BENDER: THE NALAR YADAVADANTICARITA (TRANS. AMER. PHIL. SOC. VYAS, K. B. 1942. Vasanta Vilasa. Bombay, Tripathi and WHITNEY, W. D. 1885. The roots, verb-forms and primary Co. derivatives of the Sanskrit language. Leipzig. 1946. Vasanta Vilasa Phagu-A Further Study. Jour. - - 1896. Sanskrit grammar. 3rd ed. Boston. Univ. of Bombay 15 (2): 119-152. WICKREMASINGHE, Don M. DE ZILVA, 1909. Index of all the 1947. Vasanta Vilasa, the revised, collated text, 8 (1-2): Prakrit words occurring in Pischel's "Grammatik der Prakrit25-36. Bombay, Bharatiya Vidya. Sprachen" (reprinted from the Indian Antiquary). Bombay, WACKERNAGEL, JAKOB. 1896-1930. Altindisches Grammatik, British Indian Press. Pt. I, 1896, II 1905, III 1929-30 (with Albert Debrunner). WINTERNITZ, M. 1927. A history of Indian literature (tr. by Gottingen. S. Ketkar) 1, 2. Univ. of Calcutta Press.

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TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY HELD AT PHILADELPHIA FOR PROMOTING USEFUL KNOWLEDGE NEW SERIES-VOLUME 40 1950 THE AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY INDEPENDENCE SQUARE PHILADELPHIA 6 1951

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CONTENTS OF VOLUME 40 PART 1 Geology of the Coastal Plain of North Carolina ........ HORACE G. RICHARDS 1 PART 2 Life of Julius Caesar Scaliger (1484-1558). . . VERNON HALL, JR. 85 PART 3 A Revision of Fossil Sequoia and Taxodium in Western North America Based on the Recent Discovery of Metasequoia. ............ ............RALPH W. CHANEY 171 PART 4 The Nalarayadavadanticarita. (Adventures of King Nala and Davadanti)...... ... ERNEST BENDER 265

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PUBLICATIONS OF The American Philosophical Society The publications of the American Philosophical Society consist of PROCEEDINGS, TRANSACTIONS, MEMOIRS, and YEAR Book. THE PROCEEDINGS contains original papers which have been read before the Society in addition to other papers which have been accepted for publication by the Committee on Publications. Beginning with Volume 88 one volume is issued each year and the price is $5.00 net per volume. THE TRANSACTIONS, the oldest scholarly journal in America, was started in 1769 and is quarto size. Each volume is a collection of monographs, each issued as a Part. Beginning with Volume 34 one volume is issued each year and the price is $6.00 net per volume. The annual subscription price for both the PROCEEDINGS and the TRANSACTIONS is $10.00. Each volume of the MEMOIRS is published in book form. The titles cover the various fields of learning, the recent volumes being largely historical. The price of each volume is determined by its size and character; the prices have varied from $1.50 to $10.00. The YEAR Book is of considerable interest to scholars because of the reports on grants for research and to libraries because of the section devoted to the Library. In addition it contains the Charter and Laws, and lists of present and former members, and reports of committees and meetings. The YEAR Book is published as soon as possible after the close of each calendar year. The price is $1.50. A catalogue of the contents of the publications may be had by addressing the AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY INDEPENDENCE SQUARE PHILADELPHIA 6, PA.

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