Kashay Krodh Tattva

Author(s): Kalyanmal Lodha
Publisher: Z_Sumanmuni_Padmamaharshi_Granth_012027.pdf
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/210376/1

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sAdhanA kA mahAyAtrI : zrI sumana muni pro. kalyANamala lor3hA krodha AtmA ke patana kA dvAra hai| krodha se prema, dayA evaM karuNA kI bhAvanA vilupta ho jAtI hai| krodha buddhi ko vikRta karanevAlA evaM mastiSka ko tApa dene vAlA tatva hai| naraka gati meM jAne ke kAraNoM meM eka kAraNa hai - mahAkrodha / Atma zAMti ko bAdhita karanevAlA tatva bhI krodha hI hai / krodha ko upasama bhAva se jIte binA sAdhaka kI sAdhanA apUrNa hai / krodha tatva ko jaina - jainettara dharma graMthoM ke AdhAra para vyAkhyAyita evaM vizleSita kara rahe haiM - hindI jagat ke mUrdhanya evaM jyeSTha-zreSTha lekhaka - pro. DaoN. kalyANamalajI lor3hA / sampAdaka kaSAya : krodha tattva - jainadharma meM krodha eka kaSAya hai / cAra kaSAyoM meM - krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha meM krodha kI sarvaprathama gaNanA kI gayI hai / Asrava ke pAMca dvAroM meM kaSAya caturtha hai / pAMca dvAra haiM - mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga / "kaSati iti kaSAyaH " - jo AtmA ko kase aura usake guNoM kA ghAta kare vaha kaSAya hai / "karSati iti kaSAyaH" - jo saMsAra rUpI kRSi ko bar3hAe / janma-maraNa nAnA duHkhoM kA vardhana kare jo AtmA ko baMdhanoM meM jakar3a kara rakhe, vahI kaSAya hai / kaSAya AtmA kA AMtarika kAluSya hai / " kaSAya vedanIyasyodayAdAtmanaH kAluSya krodhAdi rUpamutpadyamAnaM " kaSAyAtmAtmAnaM hinasti" yahI kaSAya hai| karma ke udaya se hone vAlI kaluSatA kaSAya kahalAtI hai kyoMki vaha AtmA ke svAbhAvika svarUpa ko kasa detI hai| krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha ke patha meM dhaMsa kara jIva apane svabhAva se vismRta hokara tri-bhAva ( trikRta bhAva meM lipta ho jAtA hai, jahAM kevala aiSaNAeM haiM - anavarata atRpti, spardhA aura bhoga pravRtti ke sAtha adhikAra lipsA aura Atma pravaMcanA hai / jIvana eka bhUla bhulaiyA bana jAtA hai, jisameM praveza ke dvAra to aneka haiM para bAhara Ane ke mArga atyaMta duSkara hai| jaina dharma (pratyeka nIti zAstra) isI se kaSAyoM kI vikRti para bala detA hai / kaliyuga kA eka nAma kaSAya bhI hai| gommaTasAra meM do prakAra se kaSAya kI utpatti batAI hai - karma kSetra kA jo 64 gharSaNa karatA hai vaha kaSAya hai / isase saMsAra rUpI maryAdA atyanta dUra hai / dUsarI utpatti 'kaS' dhAtu se hai - jIva ke zubha pariNAmoM ko jo "kaSe" vaha kaSAya hai| isa kaSAya ke aneka bheda haiM / jaina dharma va darzana meM inakI vizada vyAkhyA kI gayI hai / umAsvAti kahate haiM "zubhaH puNyasya, azubhaH pApasya " ( tattvArtha sUtra ) zubha yoga puNya hai aura azubha yoga Asrava ke hetu / puNya karma ke Asrava kA tu zuddhopayoga hai| jaina dharma meM kaSAya kA vizada varNana AgamoM va anya graMthoM meM milatA hai| dazavaikAlika niyukti (186) meM kahA hai "saMsArarassa mUlaM kammaM, tassa vi huMti ya kasAyA" - vizva kA mUla karma hai aura karma kA mUla kaSAya / eka anya sthAna para kaSAya rUpa agni jisase pradIpta hotI hai, usa kArya ko chor3a denA cAhie aura kaSAya ko damana karane vAle kAryoM ko dhAraNa karanA apekSita hai / ( guNAnurAga kulaka) kaSAya damana ke lie krodha mAna, mAyA evaM lobha kA hanana; mRdutA, RjutA aura sahiSNutA se saMbhava hai| yahI nahIM sArI sAdhanA aura tapasyA ko kSaNa bhara ke kaSAya naSTa kara dete haiM (nizItha bhASya 2763) kaSAya hI AtmA kA zatru hai / uttarAdhyayana ( 23 . 53 ) meM kahA hai - kaSAya rUpI agni ko jJAna, zIla aura tapa ke zItala jala se bujhAyA jA sakatA hai "kasAyA aggiNo vuttA, suya sItala tavo jalaM / " kaSAya asaMyama ko janma - kaSAya : krodha tattva

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jaina saMskRti kA Aloka detA hai| antarAtmA ke cAra pramukha doSoM (krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha) meM krodha hI prathama aura nikRSTa hai - krodha prema kA nAza kara - ghRNA, dveSa aura vaira kA kAraNa hai, mAna vinaya kA, mAyA maitrI kA aura lobha sarvanAzaka hai (dazavakAlika 8-37) / AcArAGga meM batAyA hai - vIrehi evaM abhibhUyaM diThaM saMjetehi sayA jatehi sayA appa-mattehiM (4 - 68) / vIra sAdhanA ke vighnoM ko nirasta karate haiM - saMyama se indriya aura mana kA nigraha, yamI hokara krodha kA damana aura apramatta hokara sadA jAgarUka rahate haiN| kaSAya virati ke lie sUtra haiM "se vaMtA kohaM ca, mANaM ca, mAyaM ca lobhaM ca' - sAdhaka krodha, mAna, mAyA lobha kA parityAga kre| punaH krodha, mAna, mAyA lobha kA preraka varNana hai (zItoSNIya 3) / isI se 'dukkhaM lobhassa jaannittaa'| saMkSepa meM kaSAya tyAga ke lie sAdhanA, tapa aura ekAgratA Avazyaka hai "AMtarika jJAna - prajJA se hI apramAdI aura "koha daMsI" bananA saMbhava hai| AcArya amitagati ne - svayaM kRtaM karma yadAtmanA purA phalaM tadIyaM labhate zubhAzubham" Asrava kA hetu karma hai - puNya aura pApa Asrava ke lie kahA gayA hai - "puNNassAsava bhUdA aNukaMpA suddho uvajoo" -- anukaMpA aura sad prakRti se zuddhopayoga aura puNya karmoM kA Asrava hotA hai aura cAroM kaSAyoM kA kssy| subhASita hai "prakSAlanAddhi paMkasya dUrAd sparzanaM varam" - kIcar3a lagA kara dhone kI apekSA, na lagAnA hI uttama aura apekSita hai| AcArya hasti ne (adhyAtma Aloka pR. 186 meM) pUrvAcAryoM ke kathana kA ullekha kiyA hai - maMjaM visaya kasAyA, nidA vikahA ya paMcamI bhaNiyA ee paMca pamAyA jIvA pAu~ti saMsAre" pramAda meM manuSya vivekahIna ho jAtA hai - karaNIya akaraNIya kA dhyAna nahIM rahatA aura AtmA ke svarUpa kI hiMsA karatA hai| vedanIya karma ke udaya se hone vAlI krodhitA rUpa kaluSatA kaSAya hai - vaha hiMsA karatI hai| mithyAtva sabase bar3A kaSAya hai| jina jIvoM ke kaSAya naSTa ho cuke haiM, jo vItarAgI hai unakI sabhI kriyAeM aiyApithikI haiM aura jo kriyAeM sAMsArika bandhana ko aura kasatI haiM, ve sAmprarAyikAsava haiN| tattvArtha sUtra ke anusAra "sakaSAyA-kaSAyayoH sAmparAyikaryApathayoH (6-5) / kaSAya cAritrika mohanIya karma baMdha ke hetu haiM - ve AtmA ko udvelita karate haiN| cAritra mohanIya karma ke do bheda haiM -kaSAya aura nokaSAya / inake bhI aneka bheda - prabheda haiN| uttarAdhyayana ke anusAra kaSAya ke pratyAkhyAna se vItarAga bhAva utpanna hotA hai aura jIva sukha-duHkha meM sama ho jAtA hai (26-37) kaSAya ke lie kahA gayA hai - hodi kasAummato ummato tagha Na pitta ummtto| Na kuNadi pittummatto pAvaM idaro jghummto| (bhagavatI ArAdhanA 1331) kaSAya se unmatta vyakti pitta se unmatta vyakti se bhI adhika tIvra hotA hai - krodha pitta nija chAtI jArA tulasIdAsa punaH kahate haiM: kAma krodha mada lobha na jaake| tAta nirantara vaza meM taake| jisa prakAra nAva ke chidra ko roka dene se nAva DUba nahIM sakatI usI prakAra kaSAyoM ke avarUddha hone se sabhI Azrava avaruddha ho jAte haiN| kaSAya punarjanma vRkSa kI jar3oM ko sIMcate haiM "cattAri e e kasiNA kasAyA sicaMti mUlAI puNa bhavassa" (da - 8-36) "prakarSaNa mAdayati jIvaM yena sa pramAdaH" kaSAya : krodha tattva 65

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sAdhanA kA mahAyAtrI zrI sumana mani krodha kaSAya meM sarvaprathama hai| sUtrakRtAMga (1-6-26) meM krodha ko kaSAyoM meM pramukha kahakara antarAtmA kA mahAn doSa ginA hai - isake parityAga se maharSi na pApa karate haiM aura na karAte haiN| sthAnAGga (4 - 2) kahatA hai - krodha AtmA ko naraka meM le jAtA hai| svayaM para bhI krodha na karane kA Adeza vIra prabhu ne diyA hai (uttarAdhyayana 24 - 67) / krodha se prema, dayA va karuNA naSTa hote haiN| isI se vajjAlaga ke mata meM "koha samo veriyo natthi" krodha ke samAna koI zatru nahIM hai| krodha meM vyakti mAtApitA-guru kA bhI badha kara detA hai - kruddhaH pApaM na kuryAtkaH kuddho hanyAt gurunapi" "sAntAtmase pRthagbhUtaH kSamA rahita mAtra krodha hai| "krodha" "sAntAtmataHpRthagbhUtaH ekA akSamA rUpo bhAvaH krodhaH" / anyatra "pratikUle sati taikSNyasya prbodhH"| eka anya paribhASA ke anusAra "svaparopaghAta niranugrahAhitakArya pariNAmo amarSaH krodhaH" apane yA para ke upaghAta yA anupakAra Adi karane kA krUra pariNAma krodha hai| 'dravya saMgraha TIkA' meM use "abhyantare paragopazama mUrti kevalajJAnA dvayanata guNa svabhAva paramAtma svarUpa kSobha kaarkaaH| bahirviSaye pareNAM saMbandhitvena krUratvAdyA veza mUrti kevalajJAnAdi" ananta guNa-svabhAva paramAtma rUpa meM kSobha utpanna karane vAle tathA bAhya viSayoM anya padArthoM ke saMbaMdha se krUratA AvezarUpa krodha hai| 'sAhitya darpaNa' meM vizvanAtha kavirAja ne ise raudrarasa kA sthAyI bhAva mAna kara kahA hai anubhAvastathAkSepa krUra saMdarzanAdayaH ugratAvega-romAJcasveda-vepathavo mdH| mohAmarSAdayastatra bhaavaasyurvybhicaarinnH|| 'bhAva prakAza' meM krodha kA svarUpa hai - tejaso janakaH krodhaH samidhaH kathamatesudheH krodhaH kopazca roSazvetyeSa bhedastridhA mataH kRta krauryaM tena sarvatra dhacayatItyasta nirbahaH kodhyate krodhayatyevaM krodha itybhidhiiyte| prasiddha Alocaka rAmacandra zukla ne ise zAnti bhaMga karane vAlA manovikAra ginate hue vaira ko krodha kA acAra yA murabbA ginA hai| isa prakAra krodha kI paripakvAvasthA raudra, krUratA, vaira kA hetu hai| krodha ke paryAya haiM - kopa, amarSa, roSa, pratigha, rUTa, kuta, bhIma, rUpA, hela, hara hRNi, tapuSI, mRtyu, cUrNi, eha Adi / krodha eka vatsara bhI hai, jisake Ane para sakala jagat Akula ho jAtA hai evam prANiyoM meM krodha bhAva kI bahulatA rahatI hai| yaha rajoguNAtmaka aura tamoguNAtmaka hai| halAyudha koza meM isake paryAya kopa, amarSa, roSa, pratigha, rudra, kRta, kRda die haiN| pratikUlesati taikSNyasya prbodhH| apane aura apaghAta athavA anupakAra Adi karane kA krUra pariNAma krodha hai| vaha parvata rekhA, pRthvI rekhA, dhUli rekhA aura jala rekhA ke sadRza cAra prakAra kA hotA hai (rAjavArtika) paurANika mAnyatA ke anusAra isakI utpatti brahmA ke bhU se huI hai| krodha kA anubhAva samasta zarIra meM kampana, rakta kamala ke sadRza donoM netroM kA Arakta honA, bhramaMga se bhI bhayaMkara AkRti / krodheneduta ghRta kuntala bhaTaH sarvAGga jove pshuH| kiJcit kokanadasya sadRze netre svayaM rjytH|| vatte kAntimide na vaktramanyo bhaMgar3ena bhinnaM bhuuvoH| candrospaTalAnachanasya kamalasyondrAnta bhugasya c|| (uttararAma carita (5 -36) jaina mAnyatA ke anusAra bhI krodha meM hRdaya dAha, aMga kampa, netra raktatA aura indriyoM kI apaTutA usake prabhAva haiN| bhauMha car3hAne ke kAraNa jisake lalATa meM tIna balI par3atI hai, zarIra meM saMtApa hotA hai, kAMpane lagatA hai -- vaha krodha saba anartha kI jar3a hai| Adhunika manovijJAna meM jemsa leja kA siddhAnta bhI krodha ke ina anubhAvoM kA samarthana karatA hai| bhAratIya cintana dhArA meM krodha para vizeSa vicAra 66 kaSAya : krodha tattva

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jaina saMskRti kA Aloka tato dharma vihInAnAM gatiriSTA na vidyte| (mahAbhArata - Adi parva 4-2-8) huA hai| zAyada hI koI aisA Apta grantha ho, jisane isa manovikAra yA kaSAya kI vivecanA nahIM kii| aneka kAvya graMthoM meM krodha kI mImAMsA kI gayI hai| jaina dharma va tattva cintana meM to kaSAya meM sarvaprathama ise parigaNita kiyA hai| isa para vicAra karane ke pUrva hama bhAratIya , vAGgamaya meM upalabdha krodha saMbaMdhI kucha abhimata dekheN| / kAma ke sadRza hI krodha se parAbhUta hone para viveka aura samaya naSTa ho jAtA hai| vaha bhI naraka kA eka dvAra hai| vAlmIkIya rAmAyaNa meM spaSTa ullekha hai - kuddhaH pApaM na kuryAt kaH kruddho hanyAd gurunapi / kuddhaH paruSayA vAcA naraH sAdhUnadhikSipet / / vAcyA vAcyaM prakupito na vijAnAti karhicit / nAkAryamasti kuddhasya nAvAcyaM vidhatekvacit / / (sundara kANDa -55-3-4) krodha se bhara jAne para kauna pApa nahIM karatA, manuSya gurujanoM kI bhI hatyA kara sakatA hai| krodhI sAdhu puruSoM para bhI kaTuvacanoM dvArA AkSepa karatA hai / krodha se vyakti aMdhA aura baharA hotA hai - usakI cetanA zakti naSTa ho / jAtI hai aura vaha kartavyahIna hotA hai| jyotiSa zAstra meM prasiddha SaSTi saMvatsaroM meM krodha eka saMvatsara hai jisameM sakala jagata Akula- vyAkula hokara prANiyoM meM krodha kI atizayatA AtI hai| (vedAnta saar)| 'zabdArtha cintAmaNi' meM kahA hai - isa saMvatsara meM "viSamasya jagataH sarvaM vyAkulaM samudAhRtam / janAnAM jAyate bhadre krodhe krodhaH paraH sthiram' / mahAbhArata meM "krodhA prAdhAnya vizvA ca vinato kapilo muniH krodha sabase ghAtaka zatru hai - krodhaH zatruH zarIrastho manuSyANAM dvijottama" krodha muniyoM aura yatiyoM ke saMcita puNya va sAdhanA kA kSaraNa kara letA hai| krodhAlU vyakti dharmavihIna hote haiM - unheM abhISTa gati prApta nahIM hotii| krodho hi dharmaM harati yatInAM duHkha saMcitam / zrImadbhagavadgItA meM zrI kRSNa kA spaSTa kathana hai - "kAma eSa krodha eSa rajoguNa samudbhavaH" rajoguNa kriyAzIla hai - isI se rajoguNa samudbhava kahA hai| kAma aura krodha meM adhika aMtara nahIM - yaH kAmaH sa krodhaH ya krodhaH sa kaamH"| Adhunika manovijJAna bhI isa mata kA anumodana karatA hai| krodha ko mahApApa kahA hai, kyoMki krodha meM jJAna AvRtta hotA hai aura vyakti viveka aura saMyamahIna ho jAtA hai| zrIgItA meM punaH zrI kRSNa kahate haiM - saMgAt saMjAyate kAmaH kAmAtkrodho'bhijAyate - kAma se krodha aura krodhAdbhavati saMmohaH - tatpazcAt smRti vibhrama aura buddhi-naash"| isa prakAra krodha ko varjanIya ginA hai| zrI kRSNa punaH kahate haiM - kAma krodha se rahita zuddha citta vAle jJAnI puruSoM ke lie saba ora se zAMta parabrahma paramAtmA hI paripUrNa hai| (5-26) / Age (16-2) meM bhI kahA hai - kAma, krodha aura lobha ye tIna hI naraka ke dvAra haiM aura AtmA kA nAza karake adhogati meM le jAte haiM - ina tInoM kA tyAga Avazyaka hai - trividhaM narakasyedaM dAraM naashnmaatmnH| kAmaH krodhastathA lobhastasmAdetat trayaM tyajet / / krodha ke do stara haiM-zAMta (sAilenTa) aura AkrAmaka (vaaiilentt)| pahalA krodha zAMta hotA hai jisase vyakti hatAza, nirAza va avasAdagrasta ho jAtA hai| AkrAmaka krodha bahirmukhI hotA hai - jisase vyaktitva khaMDita hotA hai aura mAnasika evaM graMthi taMtrIya viSaile sukha vyakti ko asvastha karate haiN| krodha se thAiraoNDa glAMDa (kaMTha maNi) kA srAva baMda ho jAtA hai jisase vinAza kI pravRtti bar3hatI hai| isI se kahA hai - krodhaH prANaharaH zatruH krodho'mita mukhI ripuH| | kaSAya : krodha tattva 67

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sAdhanA kA mahAyAtrI : zrI sumana muni krodhaH asi samuhAtIkSNa tasmAt krodhaM vivarjayet / / krodha ke samaya zarIra kI AkrAmaka graMthiyAM adhika sakriya hokara zarIra aura bhAva taMtra ko vikRta karatI hai / brena hemareja kA bhI eka kAraNa krodha hai / jaina AgamoM meM krodha ko alpAyu kA eka kAraNa ginA hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra kA nirdeza hai - uvasameNa haNe kohaM" upazama krodha kA hanana karatA hai| jIvana meM kSamatA, samatA aura sthiratA, RjutA Avazyaka hai / krodha eka bhAva taraMga hai jo mastiSka kA bhAvAveza (imozanala eriyA) se utpanna hokara, eDrInala glAMDa (adhivRkka graMthi) ko uttejita karatA hai, jisase manuSya apanA mAnasika va zArIrika saMtulana kho baiThatA hai / aura viSa taraMgoM kA prabhAva bar3hatA hai| kSamatA, samatA, sthiratA aura RjutA hI saMtulana dete haiM / maharSi vyAsa ke anusAra krodha na karane vAlA vyakti sau varSa taka yajJa karane vAle se bhI zreSTha hai / yo yajuda parizrAnto mAsi mAsi zataM sabhA / krudhyecca sarvasya.... tayorakrodhano'dhikaH / vana parva (206-32) meM vyAsa kA kathana haibalAkA hi tvayA dagdhA zeSAttadadhigataM mayA / krodhaH zatruH zarIrastho manuSyANAM dvijottama / / tumane krodha kara ke eka bagulI ko jalA diyA / yaha mujhe jJAta ho gyaa| krodha nAmaka zatru manuSya ke zarIra meM hI rahatA hai / anyatra nahIM, jo use jIta letA hai, vahI zreSTha brAhmaNa hai| loka maryAdA, vyakti hita, donoM dRSTiyoM krodha garhaNIya hai| mahAbhArata meM aneka sthaloM para maharSi vyAsa ne krodha ko mahAzatru ginA hai - yathA Adi parva - 76-6, 42-3 vana parva 20732 ) / aneka purANoM meM krodha ko abhizApa ginA hai / padma purANa meM nandA gAya apanI putrI ko kabhI pramAda na karane kA upadeza detI hai / lobha se kisI ghAsa ko mata crnaa| lobha va pramAda sadguNoM kA nAza kara dete haiN| garur3a purANa meM narakoM kA varNana karate samaya kahA gayA hai ki vyakti ko pApa kA phala bhoganA par3atA hai| yaha purANa manuSya ko asat karma se haTA kara sat karma ke lie pravRtta karatA hai - azubha karma se pApa phala prApta hote haiM / vAmana purANa (28-7) meM kahA hai ki krodhI loka meM yajJa, dAna, tapa, havana Adi sabhI kriyAoM kA phala prApta nahIM karatA usake zubha karma niSphala hote haiN| akrodhI zAMta evaM unnati cAhatA hai - usakI vANI meM mAdhurya hotA hai - durvacana krodha kA pariNAma hai jisakA ghAva kabhI nahIM bharatA / satya, ahiMsA aura prema mAnavIya guNa hai / viSNu purANa (1-1-17-20) meM vasiSTha kA kathana hai - " mUDhAnAmeva bhavati krodho jJAnavatAM kutaH" saMcitasyApi mahatA vatsa klezena mAnavaiH / yazasastapasazcaiva krodho nAzakaraH paraH / svargApavarga vyAsedhakAraNaM paramarSayaH varjayanti sadA krodhaM tAta mA tadvazo bhava / punaH sAdhuoM kA bala kevala kSamA hai / yahI purANa Age kahatA hai ki vaira bhAva rahate hue bhI tumane kSamA kA Azraya liyA hai aura kruddha hone para bhI santAna kA vadha nahIM kiyaa| tuma vara ke adhikArI ho ( vahI - 25) / isI purANa meM prahalAda ne aparimeya kSamA kA udAharaNa dekara mRta brAhmaNoM ko punaH jIvita karA diyA / matsya purANa meM tapa, dAna, zama, Arjava, saralatA, dayA ko sarvottama guNa gine haiN| purANoM ke atirikta anya graMthoM meM bhI krodha ko heya batAyA hai / nIti zAstroM meM bhI krodha ko agni kahA hai / cANakya nIti kahatI hai ki kAma ke samAna koI roga nahIM, moha ke samAna zatru aura krodha ke samAna koI Aga nahIM / krodhI naraka meM jAtA hai / krodha yamarAja kI mUrti hai / vidyArthI ko kAmavAsanA ke sAtha krodha kA tyAgane kA bhI cANakya ne Adeza diyA hai / zukranIti meM bhI chaH doSoM meM se krodha ko eka doSa ginA hai - isI meM manuSya kA kaSAya : krodha tattva

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akalyANa hai| krodha muniyoM ke guNa ko bhI samApta kara detA hai / manusmRti meM kSamA ko dasa lakSaNoM meM parigaNita kiyA hai aura vidvAn kI zuddhi kA kAraNa kSamA batAyA hai / vyavahAra meM manu ne kruddha ke prati bhI krodha na karane kA AcaraNa kI pavitratA batAyI hai| viduranIti meM vidura kahate haiM: avyAdhijaM kaTukaM zIrSa rogaM, pApAnubandhaM paruSaM tIkSNamuSNam / etA peyaM yatra pibantya santo, manyuM mahArAjamiva prazAmya / / krodha binA vyAdhi ke utpanna hone vAlA, buddhi ko vikRta karane vAlA, kaThora, kukarmoM kI ora le jAne vAlA, tApa dene vAlA hotA hai / punaH " kAmazca rAjan krodhazca tau prajJAnaM vilumpataH" - kAma va krodha jJAna ko naSTa kara dete haiM / vidura punaH kahate haiM / krodha, lakSmI aura ahaMkAra sarvasva kA nAza karate haiN| apanA kalyANa cAhane vAlA vyakti sarvaprathama krodha para vijaya pAtA hai| paMDita vaha hai jo krodha ko Atmabodha aura jIvana ke uddezya meM bAdhA nahIM phuNcaataa| isalie dhairya pUrvaka kAma - krodha rUpI magaramacchoM se pUrNa saMsAra rUpI nadI ko pAra karanA hai / bhartRhari ne nIti zataka (21) meM kahA hai - " kSAntizcetkavacena kiM kimaribhiH krodhosti ceddehinAM" ' arthAt kSamA ko kavaca kI AvazyakatA nahIM aura krodhI ko zatruoM kI, kyoMki usake to aneka zatru hoMge hii| krodha mAnava saMhAra kA kAraNa hai / isI se kahA hai - "jahAM krodha tahaM kAla hai" / "krodho vaivasvato rAjA" / krodha yamarAja hai / punaH dhIra puruSoM ke lakSaNa meM batAyA hai jisakA citta krodha rUpI agni se jvalita nahIM hotA - vahI dhIra hai - "cittaM na nirdahati kopakRzAnutApaH" / bauddha dharma meM bhI krodha kA pUrNa niSedha gautama buddha ne kiyA hai| dhamma pada meM "krodha vaggo" ke aMtargata unhoMne kahA kaSAya : krodha tattva 1 jaina saMskRti kA Aloka krodhaM jahe vippa jahecyaM mAnaM saMyojanaM savvamattikkameyyI taM nAma rUpasmiM asa mAnaM akiMcanaM nA nupatatti dukkhA (221) vyakti ko krodha, abhimAna kA pUrNa tyAga karanA caahie| nAma rUpa se nirasta Asakti kA tyAga karane se duHkha kA nirodha hotA hai / ve punaH kahate haiM " akkodhena jine kodhaM", krodha kA nirodha kro| unakA spaSTa kathana hai - "yo ve uppatitaM kodhaM ratha bhanta vadhAraye" krodha ko vijaya karane vAlA usa sArathI ke samAna hai jo apane ratha ko niyantraNa meM rakhatA hai| yahI nahIM unhoMne vANI ke saMyama, zabdoM ke niyantraNa, asatya bhASaNa, ko bhI tyAgane ko kahA hai - " vacIya kopaM rakkheyya vAcAya saMvitosiyA" (232) aise hI manuSya sarvadA apane ko sarvabhAvena niyantraNa meM rakhate haiM / buddha mata ke vijJAnavAda meM krodha ko upakleza ginA hai - mUla kleza nahIM / kleza rAgAdi se asaMprayukta avidyA mAtra hai (bauddha dharma-darzana pR. 336) krodha kI paribhASA isa prakAra hai "vyApAda hiMsA se anya satva asatva kA AghAta" hai / - - saMskRta ke kaviyoM ne apane mahAkAvyoM meM yathA avasara krodha aura krodhI kI bhartsanA kI hai / kirAtArjunIya meM kahA hai - avandhya kopasya vihanturApado bhavanti vazyAH svayameva dehinaH / amarSazUnyena janasya jantuH mAna na jAtahArdena na vidviSAdaraH / / (2-33) uttararAmacarita meM bhavabhUti kA bhI yahI mata hai / utsAha vIra puruSa kA bhUSaNa hai para krodha ke abhibhUta ho kartavyacyuta hokara vaha kadAcAra karanA prAraMbha kara detA hai / pralApa meM usake kathana meM na saMgati rahatI hai aura na aucitya / krodha rUpI ajJAna ko naSTa karanA sarvAdhika Avazyaka hai| jaina dharma meM to krodha ko prathama kaSAya 66

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sAdhanA kA mahAyAtrI : zrI sumana muni ginA hai / vIra prabhu ne sarvadA aura sarvathA krodha ke zamana para bala diyA hai| tamhA ativijjo no tamhA ativijjo no paDisaMjalijjAsi tti bemi / vidvAn puruSa krodha se AtmA ko saMjvalita na kreN| bhagavAn mahAvIra kA Adeza hai - akaho hoi care bhikkhu, na tesiM paDisaMjale / sariso hoi bAlANaM tamhA bhikkhu na saMjale / / yadi koI bhikSu ko apazabda kahe to bhI vaha krodha na kare / krodhAlu vyakti ajJAnI hotA hai| Akroza meM bhI saMcalita na ho / "rakheja kohaM" krodha se apanI rakSA kare - yahI dharma zraddhA mArga hai / devendra namirAjarSi se kahate haiM- " aho te nijio koho" Azcarya hai ki tumane krodha ko jIta liyA / " pravacana mAtA" meM bhASA samiti meM bhI kahA hai| kohe mANe ya mAyAe lobhe ya uvauttayA hAse bhae moharie vikahAsu taheva ya / ( uttarAdhyayana 24 - 6 ) krodha vijaya se jIva zAMti ko prApta hotA hai / krodha - vijaya vedanIya karma kA bandha nahIM karatA / krodhAdi pariNAma AtmA ko kugati meM le jAte haiM / krodha cAra prakAra kA hotA hai - anantAnubandhI (ananta) apratyAkhyAnAvaraNa (kaSAya virati se avarodha ke kAraNa ) pratyAkhyAnAvaraNa ( sarva virati kA avarodha karane vAlA) aura saMjvalana (pUrNa caritra kA avarodha karane vAlA) yaha bhI kahA hai"krodhaH kopazca roSazca eSa bhedastridhA mataH" / ThANAMga meM punaH - cauvihe kohe paNNatte, taM jahA - AbhogaNivyattite, 100 aNA' bhogaNivyattite uvasaMte, aNuvasaMte evaM raiyANaM jAva vaimANiyANaM / cAra prakAra kA - Abhoga nivartita- sthiti ko jAnane vAlA, anAbhoga nivartita- sthiti ko na jAnane para, upazAnta (krodha kI anudayAvasthA) anupazAnta (krodha kI udayAvasthA) (4-88) / krodha 18 doSoM meM tRtIya doSa hai - sAMsArika vAsanA kA abhAva kaSAya kA kSaya karatA hai - kezIkumAra ke prazna para gaNadhara gautama kahate haiM- " kasAya aggiNo vuttA suya-sIla - tavo jalaM" krodha rUpI kaSAya agni ko bujhAne kI zruta, zIla, tapa rUpI jala hai| yahI nahIM prabhu to yahAM taka kahate haiM ki krodhI ko zikSA prApta nahIM hotI / caudaha prakAra se AcaraNa karane vAlA saMyata muni bhI avinIta hai - yadi vaha bAra-bAra krodha karatA hai, aura lambI avadhi taka use banAe rakhatA hai / mahAvIra svAmI kahate haiM krodha vijaya se jIva zAnti prApta karatA hai / krodha manuSya ke pArasparika prema aura saumanasya ko samApta karatA hai - koho pIiM paNAsei ( vaha Atmastha doSa hai - vaira kA mUla, ghRNA kA upadhAna" / krodha ke aneka kAraNoM kA bhI AgamoM meM ullekha hai| usakI utpatti kSetra, zarIra, vAstu aura upadhi se hotI hai - kSetra adharmat bhUmi kI apavitratA, zarIra arthAt kurUpa, aMga-doSa, vAstu gRha se aura upadhi kA artha hai upakaraNoM ke naSTa hone se / anya prakAra se usake dasa hetu haiM - manojJa kA apaharaNa, usake atIta va vartamAna aura bhaviSya kI aashNkaa| AcArya aura upAdhyAya se mithyAvartana kA bhaya Adi / (ThANaM) bhagavAn buddha ne tIna prakAra ke manuSyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai- eka ve haiM, jinakA krodha prastara para utkIrNa rekhA kI bhAMti dIrgha kAla taka rahatA hai| dUsare ve haiM, jinakA krodha pRthvI para khiMcI rekhA ke samAna alpakAlIna hotA hai aura tRtIya prakAra ke ve haiM jinakA krodha jala para khiMcI rekhA ke sadRza hotA kaSAya : krodha tattva

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jaina saMskRti kA Aloka hai - vaha apanI prasannatA nahIM khotA, samabhAva rakhatA hai - isa prakAra - "yad dhyAyati tad bhavati" - (aMguttara nikAya bhAga 1) bhagavAn mahAvIra ne krodha kaSAya kA varNana hI nahIM kiyA varan usake upazamana kI bhI vidhi batAyI hai| hama Age dekheMge ki Adhunika manovijJAna kI avadhAraNAoM se krodha kA yaha nirUpaNa aura upacAra milatA-julatA hai| mahAvIra kahate haiM - kohAdi sagabhAvakkhaya pahudi bhAvaNAe NiggahaNaM pAyabittaM ma maNidaM NiyaguNacintA ya nnicchydo| krodha Adi bhAvoM ke upazamana kI bhAvanA karanA tathA nija guNoM kA cintana karanA nizcaya se prAyazcita tapa hai, ise hI Adhunika manovijJAna meM antarnirIkSaNa (inTroiMspekakzana) kahA hai - "antarnirIkSaNa vyakti ke mAnasika udvega va asaMtulana ko naSTa kara detA hai - yadi krodhita vyakti antarnirIkSaNa kare to usakA Aveza - udvega zIghra hI samApta ho jAegA aura vaha punaH svastha hogaa| Ama cintana ke sAtha - sAtha zIla aura satya bhAvanA bhI krodha kA kSaya karatI hai| dazavaikAlika (8-38) ke anusAra "uvasameNa haNe kohaM" - krodha kA hanana zAnti se hotA hai| saMyama aura vinaya se zubha bhAvanAoM ke dvArA vyakti krodha ke manovikA se mukta hotA hai| (dRSTavya - bhagavatI ArAdhanA - 1406-7-8) / isI prakAra tapa, jJAna, vinaya aura indriya damana krodha ke upazamana ke sAdhana haiN| bhASA samiti ke aMtargata kahA gayA hai ki krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, hAsya, bhaya, vAcAlatA va vikathA ke prati satata upayogayukta rahanA abhISTa hai| isI prakAra vahI prazAntacitta hai, jisane krodha ko atyanta/alpa kiyA hai| mahAvIra svAmI kahate haiM, krodha para hI krodha karo, krodha ke atirikta aura kisI para krodha mata kro| krodha ke zamana ke lie adhyAtma aura svAdhyAya Avazyaka hai| apane citta ko antarmukhI kara zAstra kA avalambana le antaHkaraNa zuddha karanA krodha para vijaya pAnA hai| AcArya haribhadra kahate haiM : malinasya yathAtyantaM jalaM vastrasya zodhanam / antaHkaraNaratnasya tathA zAstraM vidurbudhAH / / jisa prakAra jala vastra kI kaluSatA naSTa kara detA hai usI prakAra zAstra bhI manuSya ke antaHkaraNa meM sthita kAma-krodhAdi kAluSya kA prakSAlana karatA hai| krodha kA hanana kSamA hotA hai| uttarAdhyayana (26-47) meM kSamA ko parISahoM para vijaya prApta karane vAlI kahA hai - isase mAnasika zAMti va saMtoSa prApta hotA hai| vajjAlaga (5-5) meM kahA hai ki kula se zIla, roga se dAridya, rAjya se vidyA aura bar3e se bar3e tapa se kSamA zreSTha hai| kSamAzIla vaha hai - jo ghora se ghora upasarga meM bhI krodha na kare / vahI kSamAzIla hai / vahI samasta pApa karmoM ke bandha se mukta hotA hai| isI se kalpa sUtra (3-56) meM kahA hai - "khamiyabvaM khamAviyabaM" kSamA mAMganI cAhie, kSamA denI caahie| jaina dharma kA sarvazreSTha parva paryuSaNa jahAM sAdhanA aura tapa kA parva hai, vahAM vaha kSamA kA bhI parva hai| zramaNa va zrAvaka samasta jIvoM se kSamA mAMgate haiN| jAne-anajAne, jJAta-ajJAta kisI bhI kSaNa yadi pramAda huA ho to sabhI jIva kSamA kare - khAmemi sabe jIvA sabve jIvA khamaMta me| mitti me sabva bhaesu ve majjha na kennii||| (vaMditu sUtra 48) sabhI jIvoM se merA maitrI bhAva hai, vaira - virodha kadApi nhiiN| isI prakAra bauddha dharma meM bhI gautama buddha ne kSamA kA mahatva aneka gAthAoM meM pratipAdita kiyA hai| "na hi vareNa verANi sammantIdha kadAcanaM / " - vaira se vaira kabhI samApta nahIM hotaa| buddha kahate haiM - usane mujhe dutkArA, apazabda kahe, lUTA, trAsa dI - ina sabako socane vAlA kaSAya : krodha tattva 101

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sAdhanA kA mahAyAtrI : zrI sumana muni kSamArahita hokara kabhI zAMti nahIM pA sakatA (yamaka vaggo - 3-4) / lalitavistara (4-1-16) meM kahA hai "kSAntyA saurabhya sampannA" -- kSamA kI sugandha se, surabhi se sugandhita ho| buddha kahate haiM jaba koI vyakti atyadhika krodha kI sthiti meM ho aura yadi vaha abhijJa hai ki vaha kruddha ho to usI kSaNa usakA krodha samApta ho jAtA hai| samasta kaSAyoM ke lie abhijJa honA unako dUra karanA hai| buddha kA dhyeya hai 'mahAtyAga zIla vrata zAnti vIyaM valAM', arthAt zIla, kSamA, teja, bala aura dAna se bhava sAgara pAra karanA hai| bauddha dharma kA maitrI va karuNA muditA kA siddhAnta bhI parokSa rUpa meM kSamA hai. jisase amata rasa kA pAna hotA hai| zAMtideva kArikA meM kahate haiM - "kSameta zrutameSeta saMprayate vanaM tat" isakI vyAkhyA meM kahA gayA hai ki zAMti se bar3A koI tapa nahIM hai - dveSa sahasroM kAmoM ke zubha karma ko naSTa karatA hai| zraddhA, ruci, anuzrava, AkAra parivitakaM, dRSTi vidhAna-zAMti - ye pAMca dharma isI janma ke vipAka vAle haiN| bhAratIya vAGgamaya meM kSamA ko samasta duSkarmoM ke pratihAra ke sAtha - sAtha krodha ke pApa karma se mukti mAnA gayA hai| mahAbhArata meM (anuzAsana parva 23-86 meM) vyAsa kahate haiM - "kSamAvantazca dhIrAzca dharmakAryeSu cotthitAH" jo kSamA ke sadAcAra se yukta haiM ve svarga ko jAte haiN| subhASita haiM - "akrodhastejaH - kSamA prabhaviturdharmasya nirvyAjatA" - kSamA prabhutA kA bhUSaNa hai| bhartRhari brAhmaNa kA guNa batAte hue kahate haiM "zAnto dAnto dayAluzca brAhmaNasya guNaH smRtH|" kSamA vIrasya bhUSaNam - yaha to prasiddha hI hai| isa saMbaMdha meM viSNu purANa (1-18-42) meM prahlAda kahatA hai ki jo mujhe mArane ko Ae, viSa diyA, Aga meM jalAyA, diggajoM se pIr3ita kiyA, soM se DaMsAyA, una sabake prati maiM samAna mitra bhAva se rahA hU~ aura kabhI pApa buddhi nahIM huI ho to ye saba purohita jI utthe| zrI kRSNa ne gItA meM jina devI sampadAoM kA varNana kiyA hai unameM anudvega, priya aura hitakAraka vacana vANI tapa kahA gayA hai - anuDhegakaraM vAkyaM satyaM priyahitaM ca yat / " yahI sadAcAra hai aura kSamA kA svarUpa hai| yajurveda (36 - 18) meM RcA hai -- mitrasya mA cakSuSA sarvANi bhUtAni samIkSantAm / mitrasyAhaM cakSuSA sarvANi bhUtAni smiiksse| mitrasya cakSuSA samIkSAmahi / vizva maitrI kI isa prArthanA kA mUla akrodha, adveSa ke sAtha sarvatra zAMti, sarvavyApI prema aura kSamA hai| vidura nIti meM kahA hai ki kSamA hI zAMti kA zreSTha upAya hai - kSamaikA shaantiruttmaa"| vidura punaH kahate haiM 'kSamA saba ke lie hitakArI hai - kSameta zaktaH sarvasya zaktimAna dharmakAraNAt / ___ arthAnoM samau yasya tasya nityaM kSamA hitaa| (7-58) titikSA aura kSamA meM paraspara saMbaMdha hai| titikSA kA eka artha kSamA bhI hai| AcArya hasti ne (uttarAdhyayana bhAga-2 pRSTha 257 meM) zAnti ke do artha lie haiM - kSamA aura sahiSNutA / sahiSNutA aura titikSA hone para vyakti kI sahana zakti bar3ha jAtI hai aura vaha parISahoM para vijaya pA letA hai| isa prakAra ke zramaNa dharma meM zAnti, mukti, Arjava aura mArdava haiN| zAnti arthAt kSamuSa sahane kSamyate sahyate iti shaantiH"| anyatra kahA hai - "kSAntyA kSamayA kSamate na tvasamarthatayA yaH saH zAntiH kssmH| (kalpa sUtra-4-5) ihAdau vacanaM zAntiH dharmaH kSAntiranaMntaram / anuSThAnaM vacanAnuSThAnAtsyAd saMgatam / / / upakArApakArAbhyAM vimokaadvvcnaattyaa| dharmAcca samaye zAntiH paMcadhA hi prakIrtitA / / (abhidhAna rAjendra) | 102 kaSAya : krodha tattva

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jaina saMskRti kA Aloka sahiSNutA titikSA kA lakSaNa hai "titikSA.... zItoSNAdi dvandva sahiSNutA yaha bhI kahA gayA hai - sahanaM / sarvaduHkhAnAM...titikSA nigyte| kSamAvAn abhaya rahatA hai| yogI yAjJavalkya kahate haiM - kSamA dhRti mitAhAra ...kSamA seveti / gItA meM (12 - 13 meM) zrI kRSNa kahate haiM - adveSTA sarva bhUtAnAM maitraH karuNa eva ca / nirmamo nirahaMkAraH samaduHkhasukhaH kssmii|| aisA manuSya hI "sa me priyH"| hiMduoM meM pitRtarpaNa ke upalakSya meM pUrva janma ke zatruoM ko bhI jaladAna denA kSamA - sAdhanA kI parAkASThA / hai "ye bAndhavA'bAndhavA te tRpti makhilAM yaantu"| (draSTavya viSNu purANa - 4-10-257) / yadA na kurute bhAvaM sarvabhUteSu pApakam / sama dRSTestadA puMsaH sarvAssukhamayA dishH|| arthAt jo kisI bhI prANI ke prati pApamayI bhAvanA nahIM rakhatA, usa samaya usa samadarzI ke lie sabhI dizAe~ sukhamayI ho jAtI haiN| (punaH vAlmIki sundara kAMDa 55) hanumAna kahate haiM - dhanyAH khalu mahAtmAno ye buddhyA kopamutthitam / vastutaH jo hRdaya meM utpanna krodha ko kSamA ke dvArA nikAla detA hai jaise sAMpa purAnI keMcula ko; vahI vAstava meM puruSa hai - yaH samutpatitaM krodhaM kSamAM caiva nirspti| yathoragastvacaM jIrNA sa vai puruSa ucyte|| kSamA hI krodha kA upacAra hai : uvasameNa haNe kohaM, mANaM maddavayA jinne| mAyaM ca ujubhAveNa, lobhaM saMtosao jinne|| krodha ko kSamA se, mAna ko mArdava se, mAyA ko Arjava se aura lobha ko saMtoSa se jItA jAtA hai| uttama kSamA dharma ke dasa lakSaNoM meM prathama hai -- "uttmkhmmdvjv"| bhayaMkara se bhayaMkara upasarga para bhI jo krodha nahIM karatA hai, vahI "tassa khamA NimmalA hodi"| jaina dharmAvalambiyoM kA yaha prathama kartavya hai ki ve samasta jIvoM se kSamA yAcanA kareM aura unheM kSamA bhI kreN| sabhI prANiyoM ke prati samabhAva kA yaha prathama upakaraNa hai, jisameM kisI se bhI vaira bhAva nhiiN| yaha saMkalpa vastutaH kSamA, maitrI aura apramAda kA hI saMkalpa hai (krodha kA kAraNa dveSa hai - "dose duvihe paNNatte taM jahA-kohe ya mANe y"| dveSa samApta karo, krodha svataH naSTa ho jaaegaa| (ThANaM-2-3-2) zAntasudhArasa meM bhI "krodha kSAntyA mArdava nAbhimAna" kahA hai| kSamA manuSya kA bhUSaNa hai| kSamA mAnasika zAMti kA mahat aura acUka astra hai| sabhI tatva cintakoM ne kSamA ko manuSya kI apratima zakti mAnA hai| "kSamate AtmoparisthitA jIvAnAm aparAdha yaa"| pRthvI kA eka nAma kSamA hai| durgA ko bhI "durgA zivA kSamA" kahA gayA hai, "kSamA tu zrImukhe kAyA yog-pttttottriiykaa"| kSamA kevala vANI se nahIM varan antarmana se hotI hai aura vahI sArthaka hai| ekAdazI tattvam meM kahA hai - bAhye cAdhyAtmike caiva duHkhe cotpAdite kvacit / . na kuSpati na vahanti sA kSamA prikiirtitaa"|| bhagavAn mahAvIra uttarAdhyayana sUtra 26veM adhya. meM kahate haiM - khantIeNa "parIsahe jiNai" - kSamA se samasta parISahoM para vijaya prApta hotI hai| isI meM 22-45 meM kahA gayA hai ki krodhAdi kaSAyoM kA pUrNa nigraha, iMdriyoM ko vaza meM karane se anAcAra se nivRtta honA hI zrAmaNya hai| rAjamatI kA rathanemi se yaha udbodhana prANimAtra ke lie satya hai| bhAvapAhur3a meM dhIra aura dhIra puruSa kA yahI guNa batAyA gayA hai, jinhoMne camakate hue kSamA khaGga se uddaNDa kaSAya rUpI yoddhAoM para vijaya prApta kara lI hai| mUlAcAra ke anusAra - jai paMcidiya damao hoja jaNo rUsidabvaya Niyato to kadareNa kayaMto rUsija jae maNUmANaM (266) kaSAya : krodha tattva 103

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sAdhanA kA mahAyAtrI : zrI sumana muni pAMcoM indriyoM kA damana karake krodhAdi se nivRtta ___ akAraNAd priyavAdino mithyA dRSTikAraNena mAM trAsayitu hone para yamarAja ke krodha kA koI kAraNa zeSa nhiiN| mudyogo vidyate, ayaM gato matpuNyeneti prathamA kssmaa| akAraNena rhtaa| saMtrAsakarasya tAr3ana vadhAdi pariNAmo'sti ayaM cApagatomatsujaina zAstroM meM uttama kSamA ke lie kahA gayA hai| kRteneti dvitIyA kssmaa| akAraNa apriya bhASaNa karane ki- krodha utpanna hone ke sAkSAt kAraNa hone para bhI jo vAle mithyA dRSTi se akAraNa trAsa dene kA prayAsa vaha mere raMca mAtra bhI krodha na kare vahI uttama kSamA dharma hai| pratyeka puNya se dUra huA hai; aisA vicAra kara kSamA karanA prathama sthiti meM parama samarasI bhAva sthiti meM rahanA hI uttama kSamA hai| akAraNa mujhe trAsa dene vAle ko tAr3ana aura vadha kA pariNAma hotA hai, vaha mere sukRta se dUra huA- yaha dvitIya "vadhe satya mUrtasya parabrahma rUpiNo mamApakAra kSamA hai (niyamAsAra tAtparyavRtti-115) ThANaM meM dharma ke hAniriti parama samarasI bhAvasthitiruttamA kssmaa|" cAra dvAroM meM saMtoSa, saralatA aura vinaya meM kSamA hI prathama jaina dharma uttama kSamA ko sarvAdhika mahatva detA hai hai| sAdhu ko "kSamA zramaNa" bhI kahA jAtA hai, jisake mana meM upazAnta bhAva hai, vahI kSamAzIla hai - upasamaM khu kyoMki eka ora yaha ahiMsA vrata kA acUka sAdhana saamnnnnN"| kSamA hI Atma vijaya kA sAdhana hai| vaha hai - sarvAtma maitrI bhAva kA - dUsarI ora yaha vItarAga bhAva ke udaya kA bhI hai| upavAsa karake tapasyA karane zukla dhyAna kA prathama avalambana hai| vAlmIki kahate haiM: vAle nissandeha mahAna haiM para unakA sthAna unake anantara hai samutpatitaM krodhaM kSamA caiva nirasyati / jo apanI nindA, bhartsanA aura apakAra karane vAle ko yathoragastvacaM jIrNAM sa vai puruSa ucyate / / kSamA kara dete haiN| kSamA na to daurbalya hai aura na palAyana / -- jo hRdaya meM utpanna krodha ko kSamA ke dvArA nikAla vaha manuSya kI mAnasika zucitA aura sadAcAritA kA detA hai vahI puruSa kahalAtA hai| mahAtmA vidura ne to na pramANa hai| "satyapi sAmarthya apakAra sahanaM kSamA" - sAmarthya jAne kitanI bAra 'kSamA' ko prathama guNa ginakara usakI rahate hue bhI jo apakAra sahatA hai, vahI kSamA dharma kA mahattA pratipAdita kI hai : kSamayA kiM na sAdhyate" - kSamaipAlana karatA hai| punaH - kA zAntiruttamA' arthAdanartho'kSamo- yasmai tasmai nityaM kSamA "kSAmyati kSamopyAzu prati krtukRtaags| hitaa"| kSamA hi paramaM balam / bhagavAn mahAvIra kA kRtAgasaM tamipanti kSAnti pIyUSa sNjussH|" jIvana kSamA kA sarvotkRSTa udAharaNa hai| kitane parISaha va viSa kA pAna kara sattvastha rahanA hI zivattva hai| upasarga Ae para unhoMne kSamA dharma hI apnaayaa| unake ziva ne halAhala kA pAna kara apanA pracAra nahIM kiyA na samasta sAdhanA-varSa cunautiyoM meM biite| gvAlA ne pITA, garva, apitu ve prasAda ke zabdoM meM yakSa ne satAyA, caNDakozika ne DasA, agni tApa meM aDiga rahe, unheM guptacara samajhakara baMdI banAyA gayA, nIla garala se bharA huA yaha candra kapAla lie ho, kaTapUtanA vyaMtarI ke pratizodha kI sImA na rahI - saMgama inhIM nImilita tArAoM meM kitanI zAMti pie ho| deva ne kauna sA vighna nahIM DAlA para ve the mahAvIra, yaha zAMti hI jIvana kA abhidheya hai| zAstroM meM jinhoMne kSamA dharma nahIM chodd'aa| sabako Atma bhAva se kSamA prathama aura dvitIya kSamA kA lakSaNa isa prakAra diyA gayA karate hue kevala jJAna prApta kiyaa| kSamA kA aisA udAharaNa vizva meM anyatra durlabha hai| 104 kaSAya : krodha tattva

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jaina saMskRti kA Aloka aba hama Adhunika manovijJAna ke saMdarbha meM krodha kA vivecana kreN| krodha para Adhunika manovaijJAnikoM ne mahatvapUrNa anusaMdhAna kie haiN| krodha ke manovaijJAnika kAraNoM aura svarUpa kA Adhunika manovijJAna ne vizada vizleSaNa aura vivecana kiyA hai| yahAM hama kucha saMdarbho kA hI ullekha karanA caaheNge| irika barna ne apane graMtha meM likhA hai ki - When Morlido (Death was lend) is awakened by danger, some people run away and some fight it. It has two emotions-fear and anger ? -- He is afraid, he may slow down. The rate of heart depends - upon emotions. It is important and useful for an angry man to have a strong beating heart. Patient who complains of palpitation, it happens when one is angry. Even at night, the heart palpitates though he is unaware of the tension. This is also due to tension, though he may not know that he is angry but his heart knows it, (Ala, Man's guide to Pschiatry psychology (Papa 161-162) Any emotions desire or anger will cause functional changes (182). yahI kAraNa hai ki hRdaya roga kA eka kAraNa krodha hai| vizruta hRdaya roga vizeSajJa DaoN. viliyamsa kA kahanA hai ki hRdaya para krodha kA viSama prabhAva par3atA hai aura apane krodha ko niyaMtraNa na karane se hRdaya-spandana ke sAtha- sAtha anya roga bhI ho jAte haiN| eka senApati ne kahA ki yadi mujhe mAranA ho to krodha kraanaa| eka dina sacamuca usane atyadhika krodha kiyA aura vaha hRdaya kI asahya pIr3A se mara gayA (barna kA udaahrnn)| IrSyA, vaimanasya va asaphala AkAMkSAeM krodha kA kAraNa hote haiN| manovijJAna meM riyeliTI priMsipala kA vivecana tanAva ke aniyaMtraNa hone meM evaM asaphalatA ke saMdarbha meM kiyA gayA hai| ise hI iDa kA tanAva kahA gayA hai| koI vyakti varSoM taka apane krodha ko na pahacAna pAye para usakA cetana aura acetana tatva ise jAnatA hai| jemsa roleDa eMjala ne krodha ke manovaijJAnika kAraNoM para vicAra kiyA hai - usake anusAra "uttejanA, cir3hAnA, sAmAjika visaMgati, pratirodha evaM avamAnanA hai| yuddha bhI eka prakAra se sAmUhika krodha hai| zaizava kAla se hI jo nirAzA utpanna hotI hai, vahI zanaiH zanaiH AkrAmaka vyaktitva kA hetu banatI hai| ubhaya mukhatA bhI eka kAraNa hai| meMDorA kA baksa khulate hI jo vyAdhiyA~ phailI unameM krodha kI vyAdhi bhI thii| nohA kI kathA meM vidhAtA ne manuSya ko samApta karane kI eka vidhi krodha kI bhI khii| krodha se utpanna aneka Adhi-vyAdhiyoM kA varNana cikitsakoM ne kiyA hai| manocikitsaka ne isake upacAra kI vidhi bhI nirdhArita kI hai| jisa prakAra varaka ne prajJAparAdha kA eka ghaTaka krodha kahA hai| usI prakAra ina Adhi-vyAdhiyoM kA vizada vivecana liyo meDo ne apane prasiddha graMtha 'eMgara' meM kiyA hai| ivo ke chidarabinDa ne apane grantha 'eMgara, viDensa eMDa polAiTija' meM batAyA hai ki vizva kI azAMti meM bhI hiMsA evaM rAjanIti ke duSprabhAva kA hetu krodha rahatA hai| yaha kahA gayA hai ki sAmAjika hiMsA ko rokane ke lie vyakti kI hiMsaka pravRtti ko rokanA pdd'egaa| prasiddha manovaijJAnika mekaDragala ne krodha ke manobhAva aura manovikAra kA varNana kiyA hai| vaha kahatA hai ki Anger at the stupidity of others might also be quoted as an instance not comfortable to the law but it is only that the normal man is angered by it. somana sAikolojI - pR.51)| punaH kahA gayA hai - In the matters of offences against the person, individual anger remains as a latent threat whose influence is by no means negligible in the regulation of mar (page 250) kaSAya : krodha tattva 105

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sAdhanA kA mahAyAtrI : zrI sumana muni isI graMtha meM Age kahA hai - We speak of hate and hatred yet hatred is also the general name of all sentiments in the structure of which the affective dispositions of angers and fear are incorporated (page 436) ___ jisa prakAra dharma aura adhyAtma meM krodha ke damana aura hanana para vicAra kiyA gayA hai usI prakAra manovijJAna aura samAja zAstriyoM ne bhii| irika barna kahatA hai - Man must apply destructive energy to certain goals spiritual progress. Fear and anger must he inwardly directed. peja ke anusAra Atma nirIkSaNa karake krodha kA damana karanA ucita hai| ise hI krodha para krodha karanA kahA hai| isake sAtha hI viveka aura aucitya se krodha ke kAraNoM kA vizleSaNa karane se krodha para niyaMtraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai| sacetana, sakriyatA aura sarjanAtmaka vRtti bhI krodha samApta karatI hai| kalAtmaka sRjana aura svAdhyAya bhI krodha ko zAnta karate haiN| sAmAjika vyavahAra aura AcaraNa kI zuddhatA evaM Atma vizvAsa ke sAtha maitrI bhAva bhI krodha ke upacAra haiN| mekaguDala ke anusAra -Tender feeling is purely self-seeking as any other pleasure." "From the emotions and the impulse to cherish and protect-spring generosity gratitude, love and pity -- true benevolence and altrensic conducting every kind. (vahI pR. 61) manozAstriyoM kI sammati meM krodha va hiMsA bhAvanA kI jar3eM manuSya ke Adima mastiSka meM vidyamAna rahatI hai| DaoN. ema.Ara.DelagADe ne yaha pramANita kara diyA hai| unhoMne mastiSka ke vizeSa bindu ko uttejita kara zAnta manaHsthiti ko bhI ugra banA diyaa| ye prayoga unhoMne bandaroM va sAMDoM para kie| DaoN. mArka ne jAnavaroM se bhinna mAnavIya mastiSka ke usa Adima hisse para prakAza DAlA hai| jisake kAraNa vaha apanI bhAvanAoM, saMvedanAoM aura sthitiyoM para niyaMtraNa kho detA hai| ina prayogoM ke atirikta aneka manovizleSaNAtmaka paddhatiyoM dvArA krodha ke manovikAra kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| kucheka ullekha paryApta hoNge| __ DaoN. jemsa roleNDa enagila ne zaizava kAla se hI krodha kI utpatti ke kAraNoM kA saMdhAna kiyA hai - jinameM ciDaciDAhaTa, ciDhAnA. manomAlinya. apamAna Adi makhya haiM, ye hI ve hetu haiM, jo mAnavIya mastiSka ko asaMtulita karate haiN| vastutaH yuddhalipsA bhI eka sAmUhika krodhAbhivyakti hai, vyakti yA samAja athavA rASTra apanI asmitA ke khaNDita hone para yuddha, dharmAndhatA, svArtha, adhikAra va sattA kI eSaNA se yuddhonmatta ho jAte haiN| prAcIna kAla se hI ye udAharaNa itihAsa meM upalabdha haiM - yUnAna ke nivAsiyoM ne ibrAniyoM ko apanA zikAra banAyA, roma ke nivAsiyoM ne IsAIyoM para pAzavika atyAcAra kie| madhyayuga kI kruseDa yuddha - dharmAndhatA ke pramANa the| bhArata meM caMgeja khAM, mohammada gorI, taimUra khA~, nAdirazAha Adi AkrAmakoM ne dharma-virodha va sattA ke mada meM katleAma kiyaa| Adhunika yuga meM hiTalara ne lAkhoM yahUdiyoM ko mauta ke ghATa utaaraa| yahUdiyoM kA devatA bhI pratizodha kA devatA hai| Aja vidvAn kahate haiM ki kolambasa bhI atyadhika ugra aura krodhI thA - hiTalara to usake samakSa baunA lagatA hai| rASTra aura samAja kI yaha ugratA aura AkrAmaka pravRtti sAmUhika hote hue bhI, mUlataH vyaktiparaka hai| DaoN. liyo meDo ne isa para vizeSa prakAza DAlA hai| DaoN. meDo ne apane graMtha "krodha" (eMgara) meM yaha batAyA hai ki manuSya kA itihAsa eka dRSTi se krodha kA itihAsa hai| iMjIla meM yaha pratadipAdita kiyA gayA hai ki manuSya kI sRSTi ke uparAnta hI krodha kI utpatti huii| pralaya meM nohA kI kalpa kathA meM Izvara ne manuSya ko hI 106 kaSAya : krodha tattva

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jaina saMskRti kA Aloka samApta karanA caahaa| Adama aura iva ke donoM putroM ne dhvaMsAtmaka pravRtti ko bhI samApta karane meM sahAyaka hotA krodha ke kAraNa eka-dUsare kA vadha kara diyaa| yahIM prazna hai| varna kahatA hai ki bhaya va krodha kA hanana karane ke uThatA hai ki krodha hotA kyoM hai ? DaoN.miDo isakA uttara lie vyakti ko apanI sArI UrjA kA AbhyaMtarIkaraNa isa prakAra dete haiN| prathama kAraNa hai - nairAzya, viphalatA, karanA caahie| vyakti cAhe yaha na jAne ki vaha krodhita mahatvAkAMkSA, svAgraha, pariveza ke sAtha asaMtulana, svapIr3ana hai, para usakA dRzya ise jAnatA hai| krodha kA ghAtaka va parapIr3ana aakaaNkssaa| vyakti kI vikRta kAmavAsanA bhI pariNAma sAre zarIra para par3atA hai| DaoN. viliyamsa kA mata krodha kA eka kAraNa hai| hai ki dila kA daurA krodha ke kAraNa hI adhika hotA krodha kA pariNAma atyanta ghAtaka hotA hai| DaoN. hai - vaimanasya aura krodha hI isake hetu haiN| eka anya miDo kA kathana hai ki manuSya ke lie yaha sarvAdhika vidvAn ivo ke phiyarAbeMDa kahate haiM ki krodha va AtatAyIpana ghAtaka saMvega hai| manuSya kI snAyavika prakriyA sahAnakampI kA niSedha kara vyakti ko apanI asmitA kI khoja se (perAsimpatheTika) va anukampI (simpetheTika) nAr3iyoM para bRhat mAnavIya mUlyoM kA saMcAra karanA caahie| isI nirbhara karatI hai| sahAnakampI dainika kArya-kalApoM kA prakAra eka anya vidvAna kA mata hai ki manuSya kA zaMkAlusaMcAlana karatI hai| manuSya kI pAcana kriyA, svAsthya lAbha svabhAva, avizvAsa, asaMyama, mAnasika vikSepa aura krodha, Adi isase hote haiN| anukampI nAr3iyoM kI AvazyakatA / usakI vyAvahArikatA naSTa kara eka aisA pratizodha upasthita ApAtkAlIna sthiti meM sahAyaka hotI hai| sahAnukampI karate haiM, jisase antataH hataprabha hokara vaha apane se aura zAMti kA sUcaka hai aura anukampI uttejaka sthiti kaa| samAja se hI TUTa jAtA hai| uttejanA kI sthiti meM hRdaya para bhAra par3atA hai, raktacApa aba hama prasiddha manozAstrI DaoN. elabarTa ailisa kA bar3ha jAtA hai, zarkarA kA adhika prayoga hotA hai| adhivRkka abhimata bhI dekheN| DaoN. elisa ne apane prasiddha graMtha "hAu / (aiDarInala) graMthi se srAva bhI adhika hone lagatA hai| TU liva vida eMDa vidAuTa eMgara" meM krodha para atyanta krodha kI avasthA meM yahI daihika kriyA hai| isakA duHkhada vaijJAnika va vivekapUrNa vicAra prastuta kie haiN| unakA pariNAma hai ziraHzUla, tanAva, adhika rakta cApa, gaThiyA, mata hai ki krodha mAnava jIvana meM sarvAdhika apakAraka va hRdayaroga, mAnasika asaMtulana, madhumeha, zvAsa prakriyA kI nirarthaka hai| unhoMne una vidvAnoM kA satarka uttara diyA hai tIvratA, AmAzaya zotha, aadi| kabhI - kabhI jaba jo yaha mAnate haiM ki krodha apanI sImita paridhi meM, eka AkrAmaka pravRtti aniyaMtrita hokara gahana avasAda meM pariNata aisA kavaca hai, jo AkrAmaka va AtatAyI samAja se ho jAtI hai, taba vyakti AtmahatyA bhI kara letA hai| vyakti kI rakSA kara usake "ahaM" kA bacAva karatA hai| manuSya ke bhItara eka sRjanAtmaka vRtti hotI hai aura / isa bhrAMta dhAraNA kA virodha karate hue DaoN. elisa ne yaha dUsarI dhvaMsAtmaka / erika vana kA abhimata hai ki manuSya pratipAdita kiyA hai ki krodha vyakti ke vyaktitva kA ko apanI dhvaMsAtmaka vRtti samApta kara lene ke lie kucha khaNDana kara use viSayagAmI banAtA hai| vaha Age kahatA nizcita uddezya nirdhArita karanA caahie| inameM AdhyAtmika hai ki krodhI svabhAva vAle vyakti se sabhI dUra rahakara unnati hI mukhya hai| hama Age calakara dekheMge ki "prekSA usakI avahelanA karate haiN| DaoN. elisana krodha ke upacArArtha dhyAna" kisa prakAra mAnasika saMtulana ke sAtha manuSya kI navIna aura lokapriya paddhati "rezanala imoTiva thirepI" kaSAya : krodha tattva 107

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sAdhanA kA mahAyAtrI : zrI sumana muni pracalita kI hai| yaha paddhati manuSya kI bauddhikatA ko prasiddha vidvAn abrAhama osalo ne mAnava cetanA ke jina pariSkaraNa kara usake saMvegoM kA udAttIkaraNa karatI hai| 6 staroM kA vivecana kiyA haiM, usakI aMtima sthiti krodha kA sAmAnya upacAra aura usase nivRtti nimnalikhita "Atma sAkSAtkAra" meM hai| Atma sAkSAtkAra kI yaha upAyoM se saMbhava hai - (1) krodha kI Atma svIkRti, bhUmikA manuSya ke sAmAjika AcAra aura mUlyoM para AdhRta Atma - saMlApa va nirIkSaNa, (2) usake kAraNoM kA vivekapUrNa __ hai| ina mUlyoM ke lie bhI saMskAroM kA zuddhikaraNa anivArya vastuniSTha vizleSaNa, (3) racanAtmaka vRtti se pArasparika hai| Aja vyakti aura samAja bhaya aura ciMtA se AkrAMta saMpreSaNIyatA dvArA yathArthabodha (4) antardarzana (5) bAhya hai| prasiddha manozAstrI karTa rAiDara kahatA hai ki sampUrNa nIti (6) egranophobiyA se mukti Adi / vAlmIki rAmAyaNa vizva eka sArvabhauma niyama va vyavasthA se baMdhA hai - isa meM hanumAna laMkA dAha para prAyazcita karate hue kahate niyama aura vyavasthA kA atikramaNa karake vyakti aura haiM - yaha maine kyA kiyA, krodhAveza meM laMkA jalA ddaalii| samAja donoM bhaya, AtaMka va cintA se grasta hote haiN| yaha unakA kathana hai atikramaNa jJAta aura ajJAta donoM kAraNoM se hotA hai| yadi vaha isa sArvabhauma vyavasthA kA pAlana kare to abhaya "dhanyAH khalu mahAtmAnaH ye buddhayA kopa mutthitam / hai aura nirAtaMka hokara ciMtA se mukta ho jaaegaa| krodha nirunyanti .......... dIptamagnimivAmbhasA / / " rahita jIvana isakA eka hetu hai| vaziSTha jI rAma se kahate prekSAdhyAna-sAdhanA eka aisI siddha paddhati aura prakriyA haiM - abhayaM vaibrahmamAmairSA - abhaya raho aura abhaya rkho| hai, jo manuSya kI AMtarika zakti kA vivekIkaraNa va jaina sAdhanA paddhati meM AbhyaMtara tapa ke antargata udAttIkaraNa kara use AtmasAkSAtkAra va Atma darzana karAtI prAyazcita, svAdhyAya, dhyAna aura vyutsarga kA vivecana hai| prajJA ke jAgaraNa kA sarvAdhika zaktizAlI sAdhana kaSAya vijaya kA amogha astra hai| Adhunika manoroga hai - samatA aura anekAnta dRSTi, prabhA kA satata caitny| cikitsA meM bhI dhyAna ko atyanta mahatvapUrNa ginA hai| indriyAtIta caitanya; usakA vikAsa, jisakA sukhada pariNAma bAyoethiksa aura bAyo phIDa beka praNAlI dhyAna kI kSamatA hai - sayama, samatA Ara zAti, arthAt sarvatobhAvena kSamA ko ujAgara karatI hai / manovijJAna kI avadhAraNA cAritrika bhAva / yuvAcArya mahAprajJa kahate haiM ki - "azeSa, kI zuddhatA ke sAdhana haiM - kahu evaM aviSANAoM bitiyA bAcatana anubhUti mamatva aura tanAva kA visarjana hai" - krodha kA mNyaa"| galatI karake use svIkAra na karanA dugunI mUrkhatA Avazyaka phala hai - vikRta ahaM aura tanAva / Aja vijJAna hai| nizItha cUrNi" meM AtmAlocana aura prAyazcita se ne yaha pramANita kara diyA hai ki mAnava jIvana meM saMskAroM caritra zuddhi, Atma zuddhi, saMyama, RjutA, mRdutA, Adi kA bar3A mahatva hai| ye saMskAra kama se kama pAMca pIr3hI taka kA vikAsa mAnA gayA hai| uttarAdhyayana sUtra ke anusAra calate rahate haiM, heya saMskAroM kA zuddhikaraNa jIvana ko prAyazcita se vyakti sabhI saMvegoM se mukta hotA hai| jaina ucca bhAva aura Urdhva mArga para agrasara karatA hai| saMskAra dharma meM kAyotsarga kA bhI atyanta mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| kI zuddhi vastutaH Atma zuddhi hai - "Atmazuddhi sAdhanaM krodha kI sthiti meM jo mAnasika aura zArIrika ugratA va dhrmH"| jisa kSaNa mana meM rAga, dveSa, ghRNA, jugupsA, tanAva hotA hai usakA upacAra hai - kAyotsarga, jisase krodhAdi kaSAya utpanna ho, taba apramatta bhAva se unakA sthiratA aura jAgarUkatA ke sAtha sAtha zuddha caitanya kI niSedha aura nirAkaraNa Atmazuddhi kA hetu banatA hai| anubhUti hotI hai| "bhAva vizuddhi, mAnasika ekAgratA, 108 kaSAya : krodha tattva

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antardarzana va vivekIkaraNa kI yahI AdhAra bhUmi hai / viveka-vicAra, ucita-anucita kA jJAna sadAcAra ke lie anivArya hai / AcArAMga meM mahAvIra bAra-bAra viveka sahita saMyama meM rata ho jIvana patha para calane kA upadeza dete haiN| sAhissAma nANaM vIrANaM samiyANaM sahiyANaM sayA jayANaM saMghaDadaMsiNaM AtovarayANaM ahAtA loyaM samuvehamANANaM / / jo vIra hai, kriyAoM meM saMyata haiM, vivekI haiM, sadaiva yalavAna haiM, dRr3hadarzI va pApa karma se nivRtta haiM aura loka ko yathArtha rUpa meM dekhate haiM - jJAna aura anubhavapUrNa tattvadarzI ko upAdhi nahIM hotii| zukla dhyAna ke cAra lakSaNoM meM viveka tIsarA lakSaNa hai| jaina siddhAntoM ke anusAra indriya viSayoM aura kaSAyoM kA nigraha kara dhyAna aura svAdhyAya ke dvArA jo Atma-darzana karatA hai - usI ko tapa dharma hotA hai| asaMyama se nivRtti aura saMyama meM pravRtti / krodha ke parihAra ke lie jaina dharma jJAna, dhyAna aura tapa para bala detA hai / ... jJAna, dhyAna aura tapa kA vipula vivecana jainAgamoM meM upalabdha hai| jaina zikSA paddhati jIvana nirmANa kA niyAmaka aura dhAraka tatva hai / zikSA sUtra ke anusAra pAMca kAraNoM se zikSA prApta nahIM hotI / zikSA ke lie 8 Avazyaka upAyoM meM satyarata rahanA, akrodhI honA, azIla na honA, vizIla na honA aura indriya aura manovijaya mukhya hai| isa sUtra meM bhAvoM ke sadbhAva ke nirUpaNa meM jo zraddhA ko samyaktva kahA gayA hai, jisake dasa bheda ullikhita haiN| ina sabake sAtha jaina sAdhanA kI parama utkRSTa paddhati hai - sAmAyika / sAmAyika kA vyutpatti labhya artha hai " samaya " arthAt AtmA ke nikaTa pahu~canA / bAhya prabhAvoM mukta hokara atala AMtarika kSamatA aura zakti prApta krnaa| yaha sAmAyika mahatva kA akATya pramANa hai / "samabhAvo sAmaiyaM taNa-kaMcaNa - sattumittavisaoti" kaSAya : krodha tattva jaina saMskRti kA Aloka tRNa aura svarNa meM, zatru aura mitra meM samabhAva hI sAmAyika hai| arthAt sarvabhUtoM ke prati samabhAva / 'SaDAvazyaka' meM sAmAyika kA prathama sthAna hai / ekIbhAva dvArA bAhya pariNati se AtmAbhimukha honA sAmAyika hai / sAmAyika samatva hai (arthAt rAgadveSa se pare, mAnasika sthairya aura anukUla-pratikUla meM madhyastha bhAva rakhanA | saMyama, niyama, tapa meM saMlagna rahanA sAmAyika hai / jaba vaira ghRNA, dveSa, virodha AkrAmaka vRtti hI nahIM rahegI, taba kahAM se AegA krodha kaSAya / uttarAdhyayana (24-8) meM sAmAyika ke prazna para "sAmAieNaM bhaMte, jIve kiM jayai / " uttara meM vIra prabhu kahate haiM "sAmAieNaM sAvaja joga-viraI jaNayai" samasta prANiyoM ke prati samabhAva, zatru-mitra, duHkha-sukha, lAbha-alAbha, nindA - prazaMsA, saMyogaviyoga, mAnApamAna meM rAga-dveSa, kA abhAva sAmAyika samatA kI sAdhanA hai / samabhAva meM sthira honA hI sAmAyika hai| gItA meM "samatvaM yoga ucyate" se bhI yahI tAtparya hai / jo apanI AtmA ko jJAna Adi ke samIpa pahu~cA de / vahI sAmAyika hai / (sUtrakRtAGga 1-2 ) | jJAna, saMyama, tapa inase jIva kA jo prazasta samabhAva hai - vahI sAmAyika hai (dRSTavya mUlAcAra, niyamasAra) / manovijJAna ne jahAM krodha kA upacAra batAyA hai yahA~ jaina - vijJAna upacAra aura parihAra ke sAtha-sAtha usake rUpAntaraNa aura Antarika kriyAzIlatA ke dvArA vyaktitva ke samyak vikAsa kA nirUpaNa bhI kiyA hai| jJAna, darzana aura cAritra kA paramotkarSa hI isa rUpAntaraNa aura kriyAzIlatA kA lakSya hai| jJAna se padArthoM kA jJAna, darzana se zraddhA aura cAritra se karmAsrava kA nirodha hotA hai / tInoM eka dUsare ke pUraka haiM / cAritra ke binA jJAna va darzana ke binA cAritra kucha bhI artha nahIM rkhte| bAhya aura Abhyantara parigraha se mukta honA hI mAnava jIvana kA parama lakSya hai| dharma, darzana aura adhyAtma ke sAtha jaina manovijJAna anupama aura ananya hai / 106

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sAdhanA kA mahAyAtrI : zrI sumana muni Aja vizva meM cAroM ora nayI naitikatA kI mAMga ho rahI hai| vijJAna aura takanIkI yuga kI bhautika vibhISikA se vaijJAnika hI saMtrasta haiN| eka AvAja gUMja rahI hai - bhAratIya patha(di iMDiyana ve) ko apanAne kii| manuSya kI AMtarika zakti ko ubhAra kara nae AyAma dene kI, mAnavIya AcAra saMhitA ko sevA, tyAga, samatA aura saMyama ke sAtha vyakti aura samAja ke vyApaka saMtulana aura sAmaJjasya kii| vijJAna paMgu hokara adhyAtma aura darzana kA saMbala khoja rahA hai| bauddhika UhApoha ne hamArI bhAvanAtmaka kriyAzIlatA vikRta kara dI hai| AcArya vinobA bhAve ke zabdoM meM - svArtha, sattA aura sampatti hI jIvana kA lakSya hai| kucha aise cintaka bhI haiM jo pAzavikatA, AkrAmaka bhAvanA. pratizodha aura sattAsvArtha ko Avazyaka batA rahe haiM - udAharaNArtha - "nekeDa eva", di TeTiToriyala imperiTiva Adi grNth| Aja pratyeka pandraha varSa meM manuSya kI buddhi (jJAna nahIM) dugunI ho rahI hai, usake bojha se vaha svayaM ghabarA uThA hai| niyamana aura niyaMtraNa kA nitAnta abhAva hai| arthavattA aura guNavattA aiSaNAoM aura kaSAyoM meM dhUmila ho gayI, taba mukti kA eka hI patha hai, vaha hai jaina dharma kI mUla bhUta mAnavIya naitikatA kaa| baratAniyA ke eka sarvekSaNa meM bAtAyA gayA hai ki 18 aura 25 varSa kI Ayu ke adhikAMza yuvA (vidyArthI) apaca, krodha, vaiphalya, vibhinna Adhi-vyAdhi ke sAtha-sAtha jijIviSA kho baiThe haiM, unheM na ghara suhAtA hai aura na baahr| ve pUrNataH nissaMga aura ekAkI haiM - asAmAnya va asaMtulita / mAtA-pitA aura bhAI-bahina ke prati unheM na prema hai aura na lagAva / isa glAni kA upacAra, ina kaSAyoM kA aMta isa jijIviSA se mukti aura dizAhInatA meM mArga prazasta karane ke lie dharma hI ekamAtra saMbala hai| banArDa zaoN ne bhI apane saMsmaraNa meM yahI kahA hai - dharma hI hameM bhaya aura duzciMtAoM se mukta kregaa| jaina zAsana isakA samartha aura sabala Aloka hai| ravIndranAtha kI eka kavitA ArAdhya ke prati hai, jisameM Aja ke manaSya kI maDhatA va gatizIlatA kA jvalaMta citraNa hai - tumi jato mAra diye cho se mAra kariyA diye cho sojhA Ami jato mAra tulechi sakalai hoyeche bojhA e bojhA AmAra nAmAo baMdhu, nAmAo, bhArera vegeti TeliyA calechi ei yAtrA AmAra thAmAo, baMdhu thAmAo! 0 DaoN. zrI kalyANamala jI lor3hA kA janma 21 sitambara san 1621 meM huaa| AgarA evaM prayAga vizvavidyAlayoM se ema.e., pI.eca.DI. karake 1648 meM kalakattA vizvavidyAlaya meM prAdhyApaka bne| 20 varSa taka hindI vibhAgAdhyakSa bhI rhe| vizvavidyAlayIya aneka samitiyoM ke sadasya evaM DAyarekTara zrI lor3hA ko jodhapura vizvavidyAlaya kA upa kulapati cunA gyaa| hindI ke zreSTha lekhaka evaM vyaakhyaataa| aneka granthoM evaM zodhapatroM ke praNetA zrI lor3hA ne aneka puraskAra arjita kiye| jaina vidyA ke lekhaka, ciMtaka evaM gaveSaka ! -sampAdaka 110 kaSAya : krodha tattva