Karmvada

Author(s): Sukhlal Sanghavi
Publisher: Z_Darshan_aur_Chintan_Part_1_2_002661.pdf
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/229065/1

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karmavAda karmavAda kA mAnanA yaha hai ki sukhaH-duHkha, sampatti-vipatti, U~ca-nIca Adi jo aneka avasthAe~ dRSTigocara hotI haiM, unake hone meM kAla, svabhAva, puruSArtha zrAdi anya-anya kAraNoM kI taraha karma bhI eka kAraNa hai| parantu anya darzanoM kI taraha karmavAda-pradhAna jaina-darzana Izvara ko ukta avasthAoM kA yA sRSTi kI utpatti kA kAraNa nahIM mAnatA / dUsare darzanoM meM kisI samaya sRSTi kA utpanna honA mAnA gayA hai, ataeva unameM sRSTi kI utpatti ke sAtha kisI na kisI taraha kA Izvara kA saMbandha jor3a diyA gayA hai| nyAyadarzana meM kahA hai ki acche-bure karma ke phala Izvara kI preraNA se milate haiM----'tatkAritvAdahetuH' |gautmsuutr a0 4 zrA0 1 sU0 21 / vaizeSika darzana meM Izvara ko sRSTi kA kartA mAnakara, usake svarUpa kA varNana kiyA hai---dekho, prazastapAda-bhASya pR048 } yogadarzana meM Izvara ke adhiSThAna se prakRti kA pariNAma-jar3a jagata kA phailAva mAnA hai-dekho, samAdhipAda sU0 24 kA bhASya va TIkA / / aura zrI zaGkarAcArya ne bhI apane brahmasUtra ke bhASya meM, upaniSad ke AdhAra para jagaha-jagaha brahma ko sRSTi kA upAdAna kAraNa siddha kiyA hai; jaise-'cetaname kamadvitIyaM brahma kSIrAdivaddevAdivaccAnapekSya bAhyasAdhanaM svayaM pariNamamAnaM jagataH kAraNamiti sthitam |'-brhm02-1-26 kA bhASya / 'tasmAdazeSavastuviSayamevedaM sarvavijJAnaM sarvasya brahmakAryatApekSayopanyasyata iti draSTavyam |'-brhm0 a0 2 pA0 3 a0 1 sU0 6 kA bhASya / 'ataH zrutiprAmANyAdekasmAd brahmaNa' AkAzAdimahAbhatotpattikrameNa jagajjA tamiti nizcIyate / --brahma0 a02 pA0 3 a0 1 sU0 7 kA bhASya / parantu jIvoM se phala bhogavAne ke lie jaina darzana Izvara ko karma kA preraka nahIM mAnatA / kyoMki karmavAda kA mantavya hai ki jaise jIva karma karane meM svatantra

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karmavAda. . 213 hai vaise hI usake phala ko bhogane meM bhii| kahA hai ki-'yaH kartA karmabhedAnAM, bhoktA karmaphalasya ca / saMsA parinirvAtA sa hyAtmA nAnyalakSaNaH' // 1 // isI prakAra jaina darzana Izvara ko sRSTi kA adhiSThAtA bhI nahIM mAnatA, kyoMki usake mata se sRSTi anAdi ananta hone se vaha kabhI apUrva utpanna nahIM huI tathA vaha svayaM hI pariNamanazIla hai isalie Izvara ke adhiSThAna kI prApekSA nahIM rkhtii| karmavAda para honevAle mukhya AkSepa aura unakA samAdhAna Izvara ko kartA yA preraka mAnanevAle, karmavAda para nIce likhe tIna AkSepa karate haiM [1 1 ghar3I, makAna Adi choTI-moTI cIjeM yadi kisI vyakti ke dvArA hI nirmita hotI haiM to phira sampUrNa jagat , jo kAryarUpa dikhAI detA hai, usakA mI utpAdaka koI avazya honA cAhie / [2] sabhI prANI acche yA bure karma karate haiM, para koI bure karma kA phala nahIM cAhatA aura karma svayaM jar3a hone se. kisI cetana kI preraNA ke binA phala dene meM asamartha haiN| isalie karmavAdiyoM ko bhI mAnanA cAhie ki Izvara hI prANiyoM ko karma-phala bhogavAtA hai / [3] Izvara eka aisA vyakti honA cAhie ki jo sadA se mukta ho, aura mukta jIvoM kI apekSA bhI jisameM kucha vizeSatA ho| isalie karmavAda kA yaha mAnanA ThIka nahIM ki karma se chuTa jAne para sabhI jIva mukta arthAt Izvara ho jAte haiN| __pahile AkSepa kA samAdhAna--yaha jagat kisI samaya nayA nahIM banA, vaha sadA hI se hai| hA~ isameM parivartana huA karate haiN| aneka parivartana aise hote haiM ki jinake hone meM manuSya Adi prANIvarga ke prayatna kI apekSA dekhI jAtI hai tathA aise parivartana bhI hote haiM ki jinameM kisI ke prayatna kI apekSA nahIM rhtii| ve jar3a tatvoM ke taraha-taraha ke saMyogoM se-uSNatA, vega, kriyA Adi zaktiyoM se banate rahate haiN| udAharaNArtha miTTI, patthara Adi cIjoM ke ikaTThA hone se choTe-moTe TIle yA pahAr3a kA bana jAnA; idhara-udhara se pAnI kA pravAha mila jAne se unakA nadI rUpa meM bahanA; bhApa kA pAnI rUpa meM barasanA aura phira se pAnI kA bhApa rUpa bana jAnA ityAdi / isalie Izvara ko sRSTi kA kartA mAnane kI koI jarUrata nahIM hai| dUsare AkSepa kA samAdhAna-prANI jaisA karma karate haiM vaisA phala unako karma dvArA hI mila jAtA hai / karma jar3a haiM aura prANI apane kiye bure karma kA phala

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214 jaina dharma aura darzana nahIM cAhate yaha ThIka hai, para yaha dhyAna meM rakhanA cAhie ki jIva ke-cetana ke saMga se karma meM aisI zakti paidA ho jAtI hai ki jisase vaha apane acche-bure vipAkoM ko niyata samaya para jIva para prakaTa karatA hai / karmavAda yaha nahIM mAnatA ki cetana ke saMbandha ke sivAya hI jar3a karma bhoga dene meM samartha hai| vaha itanA hI kahatA hai ki phala dene ke lie Izvara rUpa cetana kI preraNA mAnane kI koI jarUrata nhiiN| kyoMki sabhI jIva cetana haiM ve jaisA karma karate haiM usake anusAra unakI buddhi vaisI hI bana jAtI hai, jisase bure karma ke phala kI icchA na rahane para bhI ve aisA kRtya kara baiThate haiM ki jisase unako apane karmAnusAra phala mila jAtA hai| karma karanA eka bAta hai aura phala ko na cAhanA dUsarI bAta, kevala cAhanA na hone hI se kie karma kA phala milane se ruka nahIM sakatA / sAmagrI ikaTThI ho gaI phira kArya Apa hI zrApa hone lagatA hai| udAharaNArtha-eka manuSya dhUpa meM khar3A hai, garma cIja khAtA hai aura cAhatA hai ki pyAsa na lage, so kyA kisI taraha pyAsa ruka sakatI hai ? IzvarakartRtvavAdI kahate haiM ki Izvara kI icchA se prerita hokara karma apanA-apanA phala prANiyoM para prakaTa karate haiN| isa para karmavAdI kahate hai ki karma karane ke samaya pariNAmAnusAra jIva meM aise saMskAra par3a jAte haiM ki jinase prerita hokara kartA jIva karma ke phala ko Apa hI bhogate haiM aura karma una para apane phala ko Apa hI prakaTa karate haiN| tIsare AkSepa kA samAdhAna-Izvara cetana hai aura jIva bhI cetana; phira unameM antara hI kyA hai ? hA~ antara itanA ho sakatA hai ki jIva kI sabhI zaktiyA~ AvaraNoM se ghirI huI haiM aura Izvara kI nahIM / para jisa samaya jIva apane AvaraNoM ko haTA detA hai, usa samaya to usakI sabhI zaktiyA~ pUrNa rUpa meM prakAzita ho jAtI haiN| phira jIva aura Izvara meM viSamatA kisa bAta kI ? viSamatA kA kAraNa jo aupAdhika karma hai, usake haTa jAne para bhI yadi viSamatA banI rahI to phira mukti hI kyA hai ? viSamatA kA rAjya saMsAra taka hI parimita hai Age nahIM / isalie karmavAda ke anusAra yaha mAnane meM koI Apatti nahIM ki sabhI mukta jIva Izvara hI haiM; kevala vizvAsa ke bala para yaha kahanA ki Izvara eka hI honA cAhie ucita nahIM / sabhI AtmA tAtvika dRSTi se Izvara hI haiM, kevala bandhana ke kAraNa ve choTe-moTe jIva rUpa meM dekhe jAte haiM - yaha siddhAnta sabhI ko apanA Izvaratva prakaTa karane ke lie pUrNa bala detA hai| vyavahAra aura paramArtha meM karmavAda kI upayogitA isa loka se yA paraloka se saMbandha rakhanevAle kisI kAma meM jaba manuSya

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karmavAda 215. pravRtti karatA hai taba yaha to asambhava hI hai ki use kisI na kisI vighna kA sAmanA karanA na pdd'e| saba kAmoM meM sabako thor3e bahuta pramANa meM zArIrika yA mAnasika vighna Ate hI haiM / aisI dazA meM dekhA jAtA hai ki bahuta loga caMcala ho jAte haiM | ghanar3A kara dUsaroM ko dUSita ThaharA unheM kosate haiM / isa taraha vipatti ke samaya eka tarapha bAharI duzmana bar3ha jAte haiM aura dUsarI tarapha buddhi asthira hone se apanI bhUla dikhAI nahIM detI | anta ko manuSya vyagratA ke kAraNa apane prArambha kiye hue saba kAmoM ko chor3a baiThatA hai aura prayatna tathA zakti ke sAtha nyAya kA bhI galA ghoMTatA hai / isalie usa samaya usa manuSya ke lie. eka aise guru ko AvazyakatA hai ki jo usake buddhi netra ko sthira kara use dekhane meM madada pahu~cAe ki upasthita vighna kA asalI karaNa kyA hai ? jahA~ taka buddhimAnoM ne vicAra kiyA hai yahI patA calA hai ki aisA guru, karma kA siddhAnta hI hai / manuSya ko yaha vizvAsa karanA cAhie ki cAhe maiM jAna sak yA nahIM, lekina mere vighna kA bhItarI va asalI kAraNa mujha meM hI honA cAhie / jisa hRdaya-bhUmikA para vighna-viSa-vRkSa ugatA hai usakA bIja bhI usI bhUmikA meM boyA huA honA caahie| pavana, pAnI Adi bAharI nimittoM ke * samAna usa vighna vidha-vRkSa ko aMkurita hone meM kadAcit anya koI vyakti nimitta ho sakatA hai, para vaha vighna kA bIja nahIM--aisA vizvAsa manuSya ke buddhinetra ko sthira kara detA hai jisase vaha ar3acana ke asalI kAraNa ko apane meM dekha, na to usake lie dUsare ko kosatA hai aura na ghabar3AtA hai| aise vizvAsa se manuSya ke hRdaya meM itanA bala prakaTa hotA hai ki jisase sAdhAraNa saMkaTa ke samaya vikSita honevAlA vaha. bar3I vipattiyoM ko kucha nahIM samajhatA aura apane vyAvahArika yA pAramArthika kAma ko pUrA hI kara DAlatA hai| manuSya ko kisI bhI kAma kI saphalatA ke lie paripUrNa hArdika zAnti prAsa karanI cAhie, jo eka mAtra karma ke siddhAnta hI se ho sakatI hai| A~dhI aura tUphAna meM jaise himAlaya kA zikhara sthira rahatA hai vaise hI aneka pratikalatAoM ke samaya zAnta bhAva meM sthira rahanA. yahI saccA manuSyatva hai jo ki bhUtakAla ke anubhavoM se zikSA dekara manuSya ko apanI bhAvI bhalAI ke lie taiyAra karatA hai| parantu yaha nizcita hai ki aisA manuSyatva, karma ke siddhAnta para vizvAsa kiye binA kabhI yA nahIM sktaa| isase yahI kahanA par3atA hai ki kyA vyavahArakyA paramArtha saba jagaha karma kA siddhAnta eka-sA upayogI hai| karma ke siddhAnta kI zreSThatA ke saMbandha meM DA0 meksamUlara kA jo vicAra hai vaha jAnane yogya hai| ve kahate haiM

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216 jaina dharma aura darzana ___ 'yaha to nizcita hai ki karmamata kA asara manuSya jIvana para behada huA hai / yadi kisI manuSya ko yaha mAlUma par3e ki vartamAna aparAdha ke sivAya bhI mujhako jo kucha bhoganA par3atA hai vaha mere pUrva janma ke karma kA hI phala hai to vaha purAne karja ko cukAne vAle manuSya kI taraha zAnta bhAva se usa kaSTa ko sahana kara legA aura vaha manuSya itanA bhI jAnatA ho ki sahanazIlatA se purAnA karja cukAyA jA sakatA hai tathA usI se bhaviSyat ke lie nIti kI samRddhi ikaTThI kI jA sakatI hai to usako bhalAI ke rAste para calane kI preraNA Apa hI Apa hogii| acchA yA burA koI bhI karma naSTa nahIM hotA, yaha nItizAstra kA mata aura padArthazAstra kA bala-saMrakSaNa saMbandhI mata samAna hI hai| donoM matoM kA Azaya itanA hI hai ki kisI kA nAza nahIM hotaa| kisI bhI nItizikSA ke Astitva ke saMbandha meM kitanI hI zaGkA kyoM na ho para yaha nirvivAda siddha hai ki karmamata saba se adhika jagaha mAnA gayA hai, usase lAkhoM manuSyoM ke kaSTa kama hue haiM aura usI mata se manuSyoM ko vartamAna saMkaTa jhelane kI zakti paidA karane tathA bhaviSya jIvana ko sudhArane meM uttejana milA hai|' karmavAda ke samutthAna kA kAla aura usakA sAdhya karmavAda ke viSaya meM do prazna uThate haiM-[1] karma-vAda kA AvirbhAva katra huzrA ? [2] aura kyoM ? pahale prazna kA uttara do dRSTiyoM se diyA jA sakatA hai---(1) paraMparA aura (2) aitihAsika dRSTi (1) paramparA ke anusAra yaha kahA jAtA hai ki jaina dharma aura karmavAda kA Apasa meM sUrya aura kiraNa kA sA mela hai| kisI samaya, kisI deza vizeSa meM jaina dharma kA abhAva bhale hI dIkha par3e, lekina usakA abhAva saba jagaha eka sAtha kabhI nahIM hotaa| ataeva siddha hai ki karmavAda bhI pravAha-rUpa se jainadharma ke sAtha-sAtha anAdi hai arthAt vaha abhUtapUrva nahIM hai| (2) parantu jainetara jijJAsu aura itihAsa-premI jaina, ukta paramparA ko binA nanu-naca kiye mAnane ke lie taiyAra nahIM / sAtha hI ve loga aitihAsika pramANa ke AdhAra para diye gae uttara ko mAna lene meM tanika bhI nahIM sakucAte / yaha bAta nirvivAda siddha hai ki isa samaya jo jainadharma zvetAmbara yA digambara zAkhArUpa se vartamAna hai, isa samaya jitanA jaina-tatva-jJAna hai aura jo viziSTa paramparA hai vaha saba bhagavAna mahAvIra ke vicAra kA citra hai / samaya ke prabhAva se mUla vastu meM kucha na kucha parivartana hotA rahatA hai, tathApi dhAraNAzIla aura rakSaNa-zIla

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karmavAda 217 jaina samAja ke lie itanA niHsaMkoca kahA jA sakatA hai ki usane tattva-jJAna ke pradeza meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke upadiSTa tattvoM se na to adhika gaveSaNA kI hai aura na aisA sambhava hI thA / paristhiti ke badala jAne se cAhe zAstrIya bhASA aura pratipAdana zailI, mUla pravartaka kI bhASA aura zailI se kucha badala gaI ho; parantu itanA sunizcita hai ki mUla tattvoM meM aura tattva-vyavasthA meM kucha bhI antara nahIM par3A hai / ataeva jaina-zAstra ke nayavAda, nikSepavAda, syAdavAda, Adi anya vAdoM ke samAna karmavAda kA AvirbhAva bhI bhagavAn mahAvIra se huA hai - yaha mAnane meM kisI prakAra kI Apatti nahIM kI jA sakatI / vartamAna jaina zrAgama, kisa samaya 'aura kisane race, yaha prazna etihAsikoM kI dRSTi se bhale hI vivAdAspada ho; lekina unako bhI itanA to avazya mAnya hai ki vartamAna jaina Agama ke sabhI viziSTa aura mukhyavAda, bhagavAn mahAvIra ke vicAra kI vibhUti hai / karmavAda, yaha jainoM -kA asAdhAraNa va mukhyavAda hai isalie usake bhagavAn mahAvIra se AvirbhUta hone ke viSaya meM kisI prakAra kA sandeha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / bhagavAn mahAvIra - ko nirvANa prApta hue 2448 varSa bIte / zrataeva vartamAna karmavAda ke viSaya meM yaha - kahanA ki ise utpanna hue DhAI hajAra varSa hue, sarvathA prAmANika hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke zAsana ke sAtha karmavAda kA aisA saMbandha hai ki yadi vaha usase alaga - kara diyA jAe to usa zAsana meM zAsanatva (vizeSatva) hI nahIM rahatA -- isa bAta ko jainadharma kA sUkSma avalokana karanevAle sabhI aitihAsika bhalIbhA~ti jAnate haiM / - isa jagaha yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki 'bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samAna, unase pUrva, bhagavAn pArzvanAtha, neminAtha Adi ho gae haiN| ve bhI jainadharma ke svatantra pravartaka the aura sabhI aitihAsika unheM jainadharma ke dhuraMdhara nAyakarUpa se svIkAra bhI karate haiM / phira karmavAda ke zrAvirbhAva ke samaya ko ukta samaya-pramANa se car3hAne meM kyA Apatti hai ?' parantu isa para kahanA yaha hai ki karmavAda ke utthAna ke samaya ke viSaya meM jo kucha kahA jAe vaha aisA ho ki jisake mAnane meM kisI ko kisI prakAra kI AnAkAnI na ho| yaha bAta bhUlanA na cAhie ki bhagavAna neminAtha tathA pArzvanAtha Adi jainadharma ke mukhya pravartaka hue aura unhoMne jaina zAsana ko pravartita bhI kiyA; parantu vartamAna jaina zrAgama, jina para isa samaya jainazAsana avalambita hai ve unake upadeza kI sampatti nahIM / isalie karmavAda ke samutthAna kA Upara jo samaya diyA gayA hai use zaGkanIya samajhanA cAhie / dUsarA prazna - yaha hai ki kamavAda kA AvirbhAva kisa prayojana se huA isake uttara meM nimnalikhita tIna prayojana mukhyatayA batalAe jA sakate haiM-

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jaina dharma aura darzana (1) vaidika dharma kI Izvara saMbandhinI mAnyatA meM jitanA aMza bhrAnta thA use dUra karanA / (2) bauddha dharma ke ekAnta kSaNikavAda ko prayukta batalAnA / 218 (3) zrAtmA ko jar3a tattvoM se bhinna svatantra tattva sthApita karanA / isake vizeSa khulAse ke lie yaha jAnanA cAhie ki AryAvarta meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya kauna-kauna dharma the aura unakA mantavya kyA thA / 2 1 - itihAsa batalAtA hai ki usa samaya bhAratavarSa meM jaina ke atirikta vaidika aura bauddha do hI dharma mukhya the; parantu donoM ke siddhAnta mukhya-mukhya viSayoM. meM bilakula jude the / mUla' vedoM meM, upaniSadoM meM, smRtiyoM meM aura vedAnuyAyI katipaya darzanoM meM Izvara viSayaka aisI kalpanA thI ki jisase sarva sAdhAraNa kA yaha vizvAsa ho gayA thA ki jagat kA utpAdaka Izvara hI hai; vahI acche yA bure karmoM kA phala jIvoM se bhogavAtA hai; karma, jar3a hone se Izvara kI preraNA ke binA apanA phala bhogavA nahIM sakate; cAhe kitanI hI ucca koTi kA jIva ho, parantu vaha apanA vikAsa karake Izvara ho nahIM sakatA; anta ko jIva, jIva hI hai, Izvara nahIM aura Izvara ke anugraha ke sivAya saMsAra se nistAra bhI nahIM ho sakatA; ityAdi / 1 - sUryAcandramasau dhAtA yathA pUrvamakalpayat / divaM ca pRthivIM cAntarikSamatho svaH... // --- R0 ma0 10 sU0 16 maM 3. / 2 -- yato vA imAni bhUtAni jAyante / yena jAtAni jIvanti / yatprayantyabhisaMvizanti tadvijijJAsasva / tadbrahmeti / 3 - zrAsIdidaM tamobhUtamaprajJAtamalakSaNam / apratarkyamavijJeyaM prasuptamiva sarvvataH // 15 // tatassvayaMbhUrbhagavAnavyakto vyaJjayannidam / mahAbhUtAdivRttaujAH prAdurAsIttamonudaH // 1-6 // so'bhidhyAya zarIrAtsvAt sisRkSurvividhAH prajAH / pa eva sasarjAdau tAsu vIjamavAsRjat // 1-8 // tadaNDamabhavadvaimaM sahastrAMzusamaprabham / tasmiJjajJe svayaM brahmA sarvvalokapitAmahaH // 1-6 // - taiti0 3- 1. / - manusmRti /

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karmavAda 219 isa prakAra ke vizvAsa meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ko tIna bhUleM jAna par3I-- (1) kRtakRtya Izvara kA binA prayojana sRSTi meM hastakSepa karanA / (2) Atma-svAtaMtrya kA daba jaanaa| (3) karma kI zakti kA ajJAna / ina bhUloM ko dUra karane ke lie va yathArtha vastusthiti batAne ke lie bhagavAn mahAvIra ne bar3I zAnti va gambhIratApUrvaka karmavAda kA upadeza diyA / 2- yadyapi usa samaya bauddha dharma bhI pracalita thA, parantu usameM bhI Izvara kartatva kA niSedha thaa| buddha kA uddezya mukhyatayA hiMsA ko roka, samabhAva phailAne kA thaa| unakI tattva-pratipAdana saraNI bhI tatkAlIna usa uddezya ke anurUpa hI thii| buddha bhagavAn svayaM, 'karma aura usakA 2vipAka mAnate the, lekina unake siddhAntameM kSaNikavAda ko sthAna thaa| isalie bhagavAna mahAvIra ke karmavAda ke upadeza kara eka yaha bhI gUr3ha sAdhya thA ki yadi AtmA ko kSaNika mAtra nAma liyA jAe to karma-vipAka kI kisI taraha upapatti ho nahIM sktii| svakRta karma kA bhoga aura parakRtta karma ke bhoga kA abhAva tabhI ghaTa sakatA hai, jaba ki AtmA ko na to ekAnta nitya mAnA jAe aura na ekAnta kSaNika / 3-aAjakala ko taraha usa samaya bhI bhUtAtmavAdI maujUda the| ve bhautika deha naSTa hone ke bAda kRtakarma-bhogI punarjanmavAn kisI sthAyI tattva ko nahIM mAnate the yaha dRSTi bhagavAna mahAvIra ko bahuta saMkucita jAna pdd'ii| isI se usakA nirAkaraNa unhoMne karmavAda dvArA kiyA / karmazAstra kA paricaya yadyapi vaidika sAhitya tathA bauddha sAhitya meM karma saMbandhI vicAra hai, para vaha itanA alpa hai ki usakA koI khAsa grantha usa sAhitya meM dRSTi-gocara nahIM hotaa| isake viparIta jainadarzana meM karma-saMbandhI vicAra sUkSma, vyavasthita aura ativistRta haiM / ataeva una vicAroM kA pratipAdaka zAstra, jise 'karmazAstra' yA 'karma-viSayaka sAhitya' kahate haiM, usane jaina-sAhitya ke bahuta bar3e bhAga ko roka 1. kammanA vattatI loko kammanA kttatI pjaa| kammanibaMdhanA sattA rathassANIva yAyato / / suttanipAta, vAseThasutta, 61 / 2. yaM kammaM karissAmi kalyANaM vA pApakaM vA tassa dAyAdA bhvissaami| -~-aMguttaranikAya /

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220 jaina dharma aura darzana rakhA hai| karma-zAstra ko jaina sAhitya kA hRdaya kahanA cAhie / yoM to anya viSayaka jaina-granthoM meM bhI karma kI thor3I bahuta carcA pAI jAtI hai para usake svataMtra grantha bhI aneka haiN| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne karmavAda kA upadeza diyaa| usakI paramparA abhI taka calI AtI hai, lekina sampradAya-bheda, saGkalanA aura bhASA kI dRSTi se usameM kucha parivartana avazya ho gayA hai| 1. sampradAya bheda-bhagavAn mahAvIra kA zAsana zvetAmbara aura digambara ina do zAkhAoM meM vibhakta huaaa| usa samaya karmazAstra bhI vibhAjita sA ho gayA / sampradAya bheda kI nIMva, aise vajra-lepa bheda para par3I hai ki jisase apane pitAmaha bhagavAn mahAvIra ke upadiSTa karma-tattva ghara, milakara vicAra karane kA puNya avasara, donoM sampradAya ke vidvAnoM ko kabhI prApta nahIM huaa| isakA phala yaha huA ki mUla viSaya meM kucha matabheda na hone para bhI kucha pAribhASika zabdoM meM, unakI vyAkhyAoM meM aura kahIM-kahIM tAtparya meM thor3A bahuta bheda ho gayA, jisakA kucha namUnA pAThaka pariziSTa meM dekha sakeMge-dekho, prathama karmagrantha kA pariziSTa / 2. saMkalanA-bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya se aba taka meM karmazAstra kI jo uttarottara saMkalanA hotI AI hai, usake sthUla dRSTi se tIna vibhAga batalAye jA sakate haiN| (ka) pUrvAtmaka karmazAstra- yaha bhAga sabase bar3A aura sabase pahalA hai| kyoMki isakA astitva taba taka mAnA jAtA hai, jaba taka ki pUrva-vidyA vicchinna nahIM huI thii| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke bAda karIba 600 yA 1000 varSa taka kramika-hAsa-rUpa se pUrva vidyA vartamAna rhii| caudaha meM se zrAThavA~ pUrva, jisakA nAma 'karmapravAda hai vaha to mukhyatayA karma-viSayaka hI thA, parantu isake atirikta dUsarA pUrva, jisakA nAma 'agrAyaNIya' hai, usameM bhI karma tattva ke vicAra kA eka 'karmaprAbhRta' nAmaka bhAga thaa| isa samaya zvetAmbara yA digambara ke sAhitya meM pUrvAtmaka karmazAstra kA mUla aMza vartamAna nahIM hai / (kha) pUrva se uddhRta yAnI zrAkararUpa karmazAstra--yaha vibhAga, pahale vibhAga se bahuta choTA hai tathApi vartamAna abhyAsiyoM ke lie vaha itanA bar3A hai ki use Akara karmazAstra kahanA par3atA hai| yaha bhAga, sAkSAt pUrva se uddhRta hai aisA ullekha zvetAmbara, digambara donoM ke granthoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| pUrva meM se uddhRta kiye gae karmazAstra kA aMza, donoM sampradAya meM abhI vartamAna hai| uddhAra ke samaya saMpradAya bheda rUr3ha ho jAne ke kAraNa uddhRta aMza, donoM sampradAyoM meM kucha bhinna-bhinna nAma se prasiddha haiN| zvetAmbara sampradAya meM 1 karmaprakRti, 2 zataka,

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karmazAstra 221 3 paJcasaMgraha aura 4 saptatikA ye cAra graMtha aura digambara sampradAya meM 1 mahAkarmaprakRtiprAbhRta tathA 2 kaSAyaprAbhRta ye do grantha pUrvoddhRta mAne jAte haiM / ( ga ) prAkaraNika karmazAstra - yaha vibhAga, tIsarI saMkalanA kA phala hai isameM karma-viSayaka choTe-bar3e aneka prakaraNa grantha sammilita haiM / inhIM prakaraNa granthoM kA adhyayana-adhyApana isa samaya vizeSatayA pracalita hai / ina prakaraNoM ko par3hane ke bAda medhAvI abhyAsI Akara granthoM' ko par3hate haiM / 'Akara granthoM' meM praveza karane ke lie pahale prAkaraNika vibhAga kA avalokana karanA jarUrI hai / yaha prAkaraNika karmazAstra kA vibhAga, vikrama kI AThavIM-navavIM zatAbdI se lekara solahavIM satrahavIM zatAbdI taka meM nirmita va pallavita huA hai / 3. bhASA - bhASA -dRSTi se karmazAstra ko tIna hissoM meM vibhAjita kara sakate haiM -- ( ka ) prAkRta bhASA meM, ( kha ) saMskRta bhASA meM aura ( ga ) pracalita prAdezika bhASAoM meM ( ka ) prAkRta - pUrvAtmaka aura pUrvoddhRta karmazAstra, isI bhASA meM bane haiM / prAkaraNika karmazAstra kA bhI bahuta bar3A bhAga prAkRta bhASA hI meM racA huA milatA hai / mUla granthoM ke atirikta unake Upara TIkA-TippaNI bhI prAkRta bhASAoM meM haiM / ( kha ) saMskRta -- purAne samaya meM jo karmazAstra banA hai vaha saba prAkRta hI meM haiM, kintu pIche se saMskRta bhASA meM bhI karmazAstra kI racanA hone lagI / bahuta kara saMskRta bhASA meM karmazAstra para TIkA-TippaNa Adi hI likhe gae haiM, para kucha mUla prAkaraNika karmazAstra donoM sampradAya meM aise bhI haiM jo saMskRta bhASA meM race hue haiN| ( ga ) pracalita prAdezika bhASAe~ - inameM mukhyatayA karNATakI, gujarAtI aura rAjasthAnI hindI, tIna bhASAoM kA samAveza hai / ina bhASAoM meM maulika grantha nAma mAtra ke haiM / inakA upayoga, mukhyatayA mUla tathA TIkA ke anuvAda karane hI meM kiyA gayA hai| vizeSakara ina prAdezika bhASAoM meM vahI TIkA-TippaNaanuvAda Adi haiM jo prAkaraNika karmazAstra vibhAga para likhe hue haiM / karNATakI aura hindI bhASA kA zrAzraya digambara sAhitya ne liyA hai aura gujarAtI bhASA zvetAmbarIya sAhitya meM upayukta huI hai / Age calakara 'zvetAmbarIya karma viSayaka graMtha' aura 'digambarIya karmaviSayaka grantha' zIrSaka do koSThaka diye jAte haiM, jinameM una karmaviSayaka granthoM kA saMkSipta vivaraNa hai jo zvetAmbarIya tathA digambarIya sAhitya meM abhI vartamAna haiM yA jinakA patA calA hai-- dekho, koSThaka ke lie prathama karmagrantha | *

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222. jaina dharma aura darzana karmazAstra meM zarIra, bhASA, indriya Adi para vicAra zarIra, jina tattvoM se banatA hai ve tattva, zarIra ke sUkSma sthUla Adi prakAra, usakI racanA, usakA vRddhi-krama, hAsa-krama Adi aneka aMzoM ko lekara zarIra kA vicAra, zarIra-zAstra meM kiyA jAtA hai| isI se usa zAstra kA vAstavika gaurava hai| vaha gaurava karmazAstra ko bhI prApta hai| kyoMki usameM bhI prasaMgavaza aisI aneka bAtoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai jo ki zarIra se saMbandha rakhatI haiN| zarIra-saMbandhI ye bAteM purAtana paddhati se kahI huI haiM sahI, parantu isase unakA mahattva kama nhiiN| kyoMki sabhI varNana sadA nae nahIM rahate / Aja jo viSaya nayA dikhAI detA hai vahI thor3e dinoM ke bAda purAnA ho jaaegaa| vastutaH kAla ke bItane se kisI meM purAnApana nahIM AtA / purAnApana AtA hai usakA vicAra na karane se ; sAmayika paddhati se vicAra karane para purAtana zodhoM meM bhI navInatA sI zrA jAtI hai| isalie atipurAtana karmazAstra meM bhI zarIra kI banAvaTa, usake prakAra, usakI majabUtI aura usake kAraNabhUta tatvoM para jo kucha thor3e bahuta vicAra pAe jAte hai, vaha usa zAstra kI yathArtha mahattA kA cihna hai| isI prakAra karmazAstra meM bhASA ke saMbandha meM tathA indriyoM ke saMbandha meM bhI manoraMjaka va vicAraNIya carcA milatI hai / bhASA kisa tatva se banatI hai ? usake banane meM kitanA samaya lagatA hai ? usakI racanA ke lie apanI vIryazakti kA prayoga yAtmA kisa taraha aura kisa sAdhana ke dvArA karatA hai ? bhASA kI satyatA-asatyatA kA AdhAra kyA hai ? kauna-kauna prANI bhASA bola sakate haiM ? kisa-kisa jAti ke prANI meM, kisa-kisa prakAra kI bhASA bolane kI zakti hai ? ityAdi aneka prazna, bhASA se saMbandha rakhate haiN| unakA mahatvapUrNa va gambhIra vicAra, karma zAstra meM vizada rIti se kiyA huA milatA hai| isI prakAra indriyAM kitanI haiM ? kaisI haiM ? unake kaise-kaise bheda tathA kaisIkaisI zaktiyA~ haiM ? kisa-kisa prANI ko kitanI-kitanI indriyA~ prApta haiM ? bAhya aura zrAbhyantarika indriyoM kA Apasa meM kyA saMbandha hai ? unakA kaisA kaisA AkAra hai ? ityAdi aneka prakAra ke indriyoM se saMbandha rakhanevAle vicAra karmazAstra meM pAye jAte haiN| yaha ThIka hai ki ye saba vicAra usameM saMkalanA-baddha nahIM milate. parantu dhyAna meM rahe ki usa zAstra kA mukhya pratipAdya aMza aura hI hai| usI ke varNana meM zarIra, bhASA, indriya aAdi kA vicAra prasaMgavaza karanA par3atA hai / isalie jaisI saMkalanA cAhie vaisI na bhI ho, tathApi isase karmazAstra kI kucha truTi siddha nahIM

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karmazAstra 223 hotI; balki usako to aneka zAstroM ke viSayoM kI carcA karane kA gaurava hI prApta hai| karmazAstra adhyAtmazAstra hai adhyAtma-zAstra kA uddezya, AtmA-sambandhI viSayoM para vicAra karanA hai| ataeva usako AtmA ke pAramArthika svarUpa kA nirUpaNa karane ke pahale usake vyAvahArika svarUpa kA bhI kathana karanA par3atA hai| aisA na karane se yaha prazna sahaja hI meM uThatA hai ki manuSya, pazu-pakSI, sukhI-duHkhI Adi aAtmA kI dRzyamAna avasthAoM kA svarUpa, ThIka-ThIka jAne binA usake pAra kA svarUpa jAnane kI yogyatA, dRSTi ko kaise prApta ho sakatI hai ? isake sivAya yaha bhI prazna hotA hai ki dRzyamAna vartamAna avasthAe~ hI AtmA kA svabhAva kyoM nahIM hai ? isalie adhyAtma-zAstra ko Avazyaka hai ki vaha pahale, AtmA ke dRzyamAna svarUpa kI upapatti dikhAkara Age bddh'e| yahI kAma karmazAstra ne kiyA hai| vaha dRzyamAna saba avasthAtroM ko karma-janya batalA kara unase AtmA ke svabhAva kI judAI kI sUcanA karatA hai| isa dRSTi se karmazAtra, adhyAtma-zAstra kA hI eka aMza hai| yadi adhyAtma-zAstra kA uddezya, AtmA ke zuddha svarUpa kA varNana karanA hI mAnA jAe taba bhI karmazAstra ko usakA prathama sopAna mAnanA hI par3atA hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki jaba taka anubhava meM AnevAlI vartamAna avasthAoM ke sAtha zrAtmA ke saMbandha kA saccA khulAsA na ho taba taka dRSTi, Age kaise bar3ha sakatI hai ! jaba yaha jJAta ho jAtA hai ki Upara ke saba rUpa, mAyika yA vaibhAvika haiM taba svayameva jijJAtA hotI hai ki AtmA kA saccA svarUpa kyA hai ? usI samaya AtmA ke kevala zuddha svarUpa kA pratipAdana sArthaka hotA hai| paramAtmA ke sAtha AtmA kA saMbandha dikhAnA yaha bhI adhyAtmazAstra kA viSaya hai| isa saMbandha meM upaniSadoM meM yA gItA meM jaise vicAra pAye jAte haiM vaise hI karmazAstra meM bhii| karmazAstra kahatA hai ki AtmA vahI paramAtmA-jIva hI Izvara hai / AtmA kA paramAtmA meM mila jAnA, isakA matalaba yaha hai ki AtmA kA apane karmAvRta paramAtmabhAva ko vyakta karake paramAtmarUpa ho jaanaa| jIva paramAtmA kA aMza hai isakA matalaba karmazAstra kI dRSTi se yaha hai ki jIva meM jitanI jJAna-kalA vyakta hai, vaha paripUrNa. parantu anyakta ( zrAvRta ) cetanA-candrikA kA eka aMza mAtra hai| karma kA AvaraNa haTa jAne se cetanA paripUrNa rUpa meM prakaTa hotI hai| usI ko IzvarabhAva yA Izvaratva kI prApti samajhanA caahie| dhana, zarIra Adi bAhya vibhUtiyoM meM Atma-buddhi karanA, arthAt jar3a meM

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24 jaina dharma aura darzana ahatva karanA, bAhya dRSTi hai| isa abheda-bhrama ko bahirAtmabhAva siddha karake use chor3ane kI zikSA, karmazAstra detA hai / jinake saMskAra kevala bahirAtmabhAvamaya ho gae haiM unheM karma-zAstra kA upadeza bhale hI rucikara na ho, parantu isase usakI saccAI meM kucha bhI antara nahIM par3a sakatA / ___ zarIra aura AtmA ke abheda bhrama ko dUra karA kara, usa ke bheda-jJAna ko (viveka-khyAti ko karma-zAstra prakaTAtA hai| isI samaya se antardRSTi khulatI hai| antadRSTi ke dvArA apane meM vartamAna paramAtma-bhAva dekhA jAtA hai / paramAtmA bhAva ko dekhakara use pUrNatayA anubhava meM lAnA, yaha jIva kA ziva (brahma ) honA hai| isI brahma-bhAva ko vyakta karAne kA kAma kucha aura DhaMga se hI karmazAstra ne apane para le rakhA hai| kyoMki vaha abheda-bhrama se bheda jJAna kI tarapha jhukAkara, phira svAbhAvika abhedadhyAna kI ucca bhUmikA kI ora AtmA ko khIMcatA hai / basa usakA kartavya-kSetra utanA hI hai / sAtha hI yoga-zAstra ke mukhya pratipAdya aMza kA varNana bhI usameM mila jAtA hai| isalie yaha spaSTa hai ki karmazAstra, aneka prakAra ke AdhyAtmika zAstrIya vicAroM kI khAna hai / vahI usakA mahattva hai | bahuta logoM ko prakRttiyoM kI ginatI, saMkhyA kI bahulatA aAdi se usa para ruci nahIM hotI, parantu isameM karmazAstra kA kyA doSa ? gaNita, -padArthavijJAna Adi gUr3ha va rasa-pUrNa viSayoM para sthUladI logoM kI dRSTi nahIM jamatI aura unheM rasa nahIM AtA, isameM una viSayoM kA kyA doSa ? doSa hai samajhane vAloM kI buddhi kaa| kisI bhI viSaya ke abhyAsI ko usa viSaya meM rasa tabhI AtA hai jaba ki vaha usameM tala taka utara jaae| . viSaya-praveza karma-zAstra jAnane kI cAha rakhanevAloM ko Avazyaka hai ki ve 'karma' zabda kA artha, bhinna-bhinna zAstroM meM prayoga kiye gae usake paryAya zabda, karma kA svarUpa, Adi nimna viSayoM se paricita ho jAe~ tathA prAtma-tattva svatantra hai yaha bhI jAna leN| 1--kama zabda ke artha _ 'karma' zabda loka vyavahAra aura zAstra donoM meM prasiddha hai| usake aneka artha hote haiM / sAdhAraNa loga apane vyavahAra meM kAma, dhaMdhe yA vyavasAya ke matalaba se 'karma' zabda kA prayoga karate haiN| zAstra meM usakI eka gati nahIM hai| khAnA, pInA, calanA, kA~panA Adi kisI bhI hala-cala ke lie cAhe vaha jIva kI ho yA jar3a kI-karma zabda kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai|

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karmavAda 225. karmakANDI mImAMsaka, yajJa yAga Adi kriyA-kalApa artha meM smArta vidvAn, brAhmaNa Adi cAra varNoM aura brahmacaryyaM zrAdi cAra zrAzramoM ke niyata karmarUpa artha meM; paurANika loga vrata niyama zrAdi dhArmika kriyAoM ke artha meM; vaiyAkaraNa loga, karttA jisako apanI kriyA ke dvArA pAnA cAhatA hai usa artha meM arthAt jisa para kartA ke vyApAra kA phala giratA hai usa artha meM; aura naiyAyika loga utkSepaNa Adi pA~ca sAMketika karmoM meM karma zabda kA vyavahAra karate haiM / parantu jaina zAstra meM karma zabda se do artha liye jAte haiM / pahalA rAga-dveSAtmaka pariNAma, jise kaSAya / bhAva karma ) kahate haiM aura dUsarA kArmaNa jAti ke pudgala vizeSa, jo kaSAya ke nimitta se AtmA ke sAtha cipake hue hote haiM aura dravya karma kahalAte haiM I 15 2 - karma zabda ke kucha paryAya jaina darzana meM jisa artha ke lie karma zabda prayukta hotA hai usa artha ke athavA usase kucha milate-julate artha ke lie jainetara darzanoM meM ye zabda milate haiM - mAyA, avidyA, prakRti, pUrva, vAsanA, Azaya, dharmAdharma, adRSTa, saMskAra, daiva, bhAgya Adi / mAyA, vidyA, prakRti ye tIna zabda vedAnta darzana meM pAe jAte haiM / inakA mUlarI -karI vahI hai, jise jaina darzana meM bhAva - karma kahate haiM / 'apUrva' zabda mImAMsA darzana meM milatA hai / 'vAsanA' zabda bauddha darzana meM prasiddha hai, parantu yoga darzana meM bhI usakA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / 'Azaya' zabda vizeSa kara yoga tathA sAMkhya darzana meM milatA hai / dharmAdharma, adRSTa aura saMskAra, ina zabdoM kA prayoga aura darzanoM meM bhI pAyA jAtA hai, parantu vizeSakara nyAya tathA vaizeSika darzana meM / daiva, bhAgya, puNya-pApa Adi kaI aise zabda haiM jo saba darzanoM ke lie sAdhAraNa se haiN| jitane darzana AtmavAdI haiM aura punarjanma mAnate haiM unako punarjanma kI siddhi-upapatti ke lie karma mAnanA hI par3atA hai| cAhe una darzanoM kI bhinna-bhinna prakriyAoM ke kAraNa yA cetana ke svarUpa meM matabheda hone ke kAraNa karma kA svarUpa thor3A bahuta judA-judA jAna par3e; parantu isameM koI sandeha nahIM ki sabhI AtmavAdiyoM ne mAyA Adi uparyukta kisI na kisI nAma se karma ko aMgIkAra kiyA hI hai / 3 - karma kA svarUpa mithyAtva, kaSAya Adi kAraNoM se jIva ke dvArA jo kiyA jAtA hai vahI 'karma' kahalAtA hai / karma kA yaha lakSaNa uparyukta bhAvakarma va dravyakarma donoM meM

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226 jaina dharma aura darzana ghaTita hotA hai, kyoMki bhAvakam AtmA kA yA jIva kA-vaibhAvika pariNAma hai, isase usakA upAdAna rUpa karttA, jIva ho hai aura dravyakarma, jo ki kArmaNa-jAti ke sUkSma pudgaloM kA vikAra hai usakA bhI kartA, nimittarUpa se jIva hI hai / bhAvakarma ke hone meM dravyakarma nimica hai aura dravyakarma meM bhAvakarma nimitta / isa prakAra una donoM kA Apasa meM bIjAkura kI taraha kArya-kAraNa bhAva saMbandha hai / 4---puNya-pApa kI kasauTI . ___ sAdhAraNa loga kahA karate haiM ki 'dAna, pUjana, sevA Adi kriyAoM ke karane se zubha karma kA (puNya kA) indha hotA hai aura kisI ko kaSTa pahu~cAne, icchA-viruddha kAma karane Adi se azubha karma kA (pApa kA ) bandha hotA hai / parantu puNya-pApa kA nirNaya karane kI mukhya kasauTI yaha nahIM hai / kyoMki kisI ko kaSTa pahu~cAtA huA aura dUsare kI icchA-viruddha kAma karatA huA bhI manuSya, puNya upArjana kara sakatA hai / isI taraha dAna-pUjana Adi karane vAlA bhI puNya-upArjana na kara, kabhI-kabhI pApa bAMdha letA hai / eka paropakArI cikitsaka, jaba kisI para zastrakriyA karatA hai taba usa marIja ko kaSTa avazya hotA hai, hitaiSI mAtA-pitA nAsamajha lar3ake ko jaba usakI icchA ke viruddha par3hAne ke lie yatna karate haiM taba usa bAlaka ko duHkha sA mAlUma par3atA hai; para itane hI se na to vaha cikitsaka anucita kAma karane vAlA mAnA jAtA hai aura na hitaiSI mAtA-pitA hI doSI samajhe jAte haiN| isake viparIta jaba koI, bhole logoM ko Thagane ke irAde se yA aura kisI tuccha Azaya se dAna pUjana Adi kriyAoM ko karatA hai taba vaha puNya ke badale pApa bA~dhatA hai| ataeva puNyabandha yA pApa-bandha kI saccI kasauTI kevala Upara kI kriyA nahIM hai, kintu usakI yathArtha kasauTI kartA kA zrAzaya hI hai| acche Azaya se jo kAma kiyA jAtA hai vaha puNya kA nimitta aura bure abhiprAya se jo kAma kiyA jAtA hai vaha pApa kA nimitta hotA hai| yaha puNya-pApa kI kasauTI saba ko eka sI sammata hai| kyoMki yaha siddhAnta sarva-mAnya hai ki _ 'yAdRzI bhAvanA yasya, siddhirbhavati taadRshii|' 5-saccI nirlepatA sAdhAraNa loga yaha samajha baiThate haiM ki amuka kAma na karane se apane ko puNya-pApa kA lepa na lagegA / isase ve usa kAma ko to chor3a dete haiM, para bahudhA unakI mAnasika kriyA nahIM chUTatI / isase ve icchA rahane para bhI puNya-pApa ke

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karmavAda 227 lepa se apane ko mukta nahIM kara sakate / ataeva vicAranA cAhie ki saccI nirlepatA kyA hai ? lepa ( bandha ), mAnasika kSobha ko arthAt kaSAya ko kahate haiM / yadi kaSAya nahIM hai to Upara kI koI bhI kriyA AtmA ko bandhana meM rakhane ke lie samartha nahIM hai / isase ulaTA yadi kaSAya kA vega bhItara vartamAna hai to Upara se haz2Ara yatna karane para bhI koI apane ko bandhana se chur3A nahIM sakatA / kaSAya-rahita vItarAga saba jagaha jala meM kamala kI taraha nirlepa rahate haiM para kaSAyavAn AtmA yoga kA svA~ga racakara bhI tila bhara zuddhi nahIM kara sakatA / isase yaha kahA jAtA hai ki zrAsakti chor3akara jo kAma kiyA jAtA hai vaha bandhaka nahIM hotA / matalaba saccI nirlepatA mAnasika kSobha ke tyAga meM hai / yahI zikSA karma-zAstra se milatI hai aura yahI bAta anyatra bhI kahI huI hai :'mana eva manuSyANAM kAraNaM bandhamokSayoH | bandhAya viSayA. 'saMgi mokSe nirviSayaM smRtam // ' -- - maitryupaniSad 6 - karma kA anAditva vicAravAn manuSya ke dila meM prazna hotA hai ki karma sAdi hai yA anAdi ? 'isake uttara meM jaina darzana kA kahanA hai ki karma, vyakti kI apekSA se sAdi aura pravAha kI apekSA se anAdi hai / yaha sabakA anubhava hai ki prANI sotejAgate, uThate-baiThate, calate-phirate kisI na kisI taraha kI halacala kiyA hI karatA hai / halacala kA honA hI karma-bandha kI jar3a hai| isase yaha siddha haiM ki karma, vyaktizaH zrAdi vAle hI haiM / kintu karma kA pravAha kaba se calA ? ise koI batalA nahIM sakatA / bhaviSyat ke samAna bhUtakAla kI gaharAI ananta hai | ananta kA varNana nAdiyA ananta zabda ke sivAya aura kisI taraha se honA sambhava hai / isalie karma ke pravAha ko anAdi kahe binA dUsarI gati hI nahIM hai / kucha loga anAditva kI spaSTa vyAkhyA kI ulajhana se ghabar3A kara karma pravAha ko sAdi batalAne laga jAte haiM, para ve apanI buddhi kI asthiratA se kalpita doSa kI AzaMkA karake, use dUra karane ke prayatna meM eka bar3e doSa kA svIkAra kara lete haiN| vaha yaha ki karma pravAha yadi AdimAna hai to jIva pahale hI atyanta zuddhabuddha honA cAhie, phira use lipsa hone kA kyA kAraNa ? aura yadi sarvathA zuddhabuddha jIva bhI lisa ho jAtA hai to mukta hue jIva bhI karma-lita hoMge; aisI dazA meM mukti ko soyA huA saMsAra hI kahanA cAhie | karma pravAha ke anAditva ko aura mukta jIva ke phira se saMsAra meM na lauTane ko saca pratiSThita darzana mAnate haiM; jaise

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228 jaina dharma aura darzana na karmA'vibhAgAditi cennA'nAditvAt // 35 // upapadyate cAnyupalabhyate ca / / 36 // -brahmasUtra a0 2 pA0 1 anAvRttiH zabdAdanAvRttiH zabdAt / / 22 // --tra. sU. a. 4 pA04 . 7-karmabandha kA kAraNa jaina darzana meM karmavandha ke mithyAtva, avirati, kaSAya aura yoga ye cAra kAraNa batalAye gae haiN| inakA saMkSepa pichale do ( kaSAya aura yoga ) kAraNoM meM kiyA huzrA bhI milatA hai / adhika saMkSepa karake kahA jAya to yaha kaha sakate haiM ki kaSAya hI karmacandha kA kAraNa hai| yoM to kaSAya ke vikAra ke aneka prakAra haiM para, una sabakA saMkSepa meM vargIkaraNa karake zrAdhyAtmika vidvAnoM ne usa ke rAga, dveSa do hI prakAra kiye haiN| koI bhI mAnasika vikAra ho, yA to vaha rAga ( Asakti) rUpa yA dveSa (tApa ) rUpa hai| yaha bhI anubhava siddha hai ki sAdhAraNa prANiyoM kI pravRtti, cAhe vaha Upara se kaisI hI kyoM na dIkha par3e, para vaha yA to rAgamUlaka yA dveSamUlaka hotI hai / aisI pravRtti hI vividha vAsanAoM kA kAraNa hotI hai / prANI jAna sake yA nahIM, para usakI vAsanAtmaka sUkSma sRSTi kA kAraNa, usake rAga aura dveSa hI hote haiN| makar3I, apanI hI pravRtti se apane kiye hue jAla meM pha~satI hai ! jIva bhI karma ke jAle ko apanI hI be-samajhI se raca letA hai / ajJAna, mithyA-jJAna Adi jo karma ke kAraNa kahe jAte haiM so bhI rAga-dveSa ke saMbandha hI se| rAga kI yA dveSa kI mAtrA bar3hI ki jJAna, viparIta rUpa meM badalane lgaa| isase zabda bheda hone para bhI karmabandha ke kAraNa ke saMbandha meM anya Astika darzanoM ke sAtha, jaina darzana kA koI matabheda nhiiN| naiyAyika tathA vaizeSika darzana meM mithyAjJAna ko, yogadarzana meM prakRtipuruSa ke abheda jJAna ko aura vedAnta Adi meM avidyA ko tathA jainadarzana meM mithyAtva ko karma kA kAraNa batalAyA hai, parantu yaha bAta dhyAna meM rakhanI cAhie ki kisI ko bhI karma kA kAraNa kyoM na kahA jAya, para yadi usameM karma kI andhakatA ( karma lepa paidA karane kI zakti ) hai to vaha rAga-dveSa ke saMbandha hI se / rAga-dveSa kI nyUnatA yA abhAva hote hI ajJAnapana ( mithyAtva ) kama hotA yA naSTa ho jAtA hai| mahAbhArata zAntiparva ke 'karmaNA badhyate jantuH' isa kathana meM bhI karma zabda kA matalaba rAga-dveSa hI se hai /

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.. karmavAda 22E 8-karma se chUTane ke upAya aba yaha vicAra karanA jarUrI hai ki karmapaTala se AvRta apane paramAtmabhAva ko jo pragaTa karanA cAhate haiM unake lie kina-kina sAdhanoM kI apekSA hai| jaina zAstra meM parama puruSArtha---mokSa--pAne ke tIna sAdhana batalAye hue haiM-(1) samyagdarzana, (2) samyagjJAna aura (3) samyagacAritra / kahIMkahIM jJAna aura kriyA, do ko hI mokSa kA sAdhana kahA hai| aise sthala meM darzana ko zAnasvarUpa---jJAna kA vizeSa-samajha kara usa se judA nahIM ginte| parantu yaha prazna hotA hai ki vaidika darzanoM meM karma, jJAna, yoga aura bhakti ina cAroM ko mokSa kA sAdhana mAnA hai phira jainadarzana meM tIna yA do hI sAdhana kyoM kahe gae ? isakA samAdhAna isa prakAra hai ki jainadarzana meM jisa samyakcAritra ko samyak kriyA kahA hai usameM karma aura yoga donoM mArgoM kA samAveza ho jAtA hai| kyoMki samyakcAritra meM manonigraha, indriya-jaya, citta-zuddhi, samabhAva aura unake lie kiye jAnevAle upAyoM kA samAveza hotA hai| manonigraha, indriya-jaya Adi sAtvika yajJa hI karmamArga hai aura citta-zuddhi tathA usake lie kI jAne vAlI satpravRtti hI yoga mArga hai| isa taraha karmamArga aura yogamArga kA mizraNa hI samyakcAritra hai / samyagdarzana hI bhakti mArga hai, kyoMki bhakti meM zraddhA kA aMza pradhAna hai aura samyagdarzana bhI zraddhA rUpa hI hai| samyagjJAna hI jJAnamArga hai| isa prakAra jaina darzana meM batalAye hue mokSa ke tIna sAdhana anya darzanoM ke saba sAdhanoM kA samuccaya hai / 6-AtmA svataMtra tattva hai karga ke saMbandha meM Upara jo kucha kahA gayA hai usakI ThIka-ThIka saMgati tabhI ho sakatI hai jaba ki AtmA ko jar3a se alaga tattva mAnA jAya / AtmA kA svatantra astitva nIce likhe sAta pramANoM se jAnA jA sakatA hai ( ka ) svasaMvedanarUpa sAdhaka pramANa, (kha) bAdhaka pramANa kA abhAva, (ga) niSedha se niSedha-kartA kI siddhi, (gha) tarka, (Ga) zAstra va mahAtmAoM kA prAmANya, ca) Adhunika vidvAnoM kI sammati aura (cha) punarjanma / (ka) svasaMvedanarUpa sAdhaka pramANa- yadyapi sabhI dehadhArI ajJAna ke zrAvaraNa se nyUnAdhika rUpa meM ghire hue haiM aura isase ve apane hI astitva kA saMdeha karate haiM. tathApi jisa samaya unakI buddhi thor3I sI bhI sthira ho jAtI hai usa samaya unako yaha sphuraNA hotI hai ki 'maiM huuN| yaha sphuraNA kabhI nahIM

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230 jaina dharma aura darzana hotI ki 'maiM nahIM huuN| isase ulaTA yaha bhI nizcaya hotA hai ki 'maiM nahIM hU~'.yaha bAta nahIM / isI bAta ko zrI zaMkarAcArya ne bhI kahA hai 'sarvo hyAtmA'stitvaM pratyeti, na nAhamasmIti-brahma bhASya 1-1-1 / ' isI nizcaya ko hI svasaMvedana ( Atmanizcaya ) kahate haiN| (kha) bAdhaka pramANa kA abhAva-aisA koI pramANa nahIM hai jo AtmA ke astitva kA bAdha ( niSedha ) karatA ho| isa para yadyapi yaha zaMkA ho sakatI hai ki mana aura indriyoM ke dvArA AtmA kA grahaNa na honA hI usakA bAdha hai| parantu isakA samAdhAna sahaja hai / kisI viSaya kA bAdhaka pramANa vahI mAnA jAtA hai jo usa viSaya ko jAnane kI zakti rakhatA ho aura anya saba sAmagrI maujUda hone para use grahaNa kara na ske| udAharaNArtha-A~kha, miTTI ke ghar3e ko dekha sakatI hai para jisa samaya prakAza, samIpatA zrAdi sAmagrI rahane para bhI vaha miTTI ke ghar3e ko na dekhe, usa samaya use usa viSaya kI bAdhaka samajhanA caahie| indriyA~ sabhI bhautika haiM / unakI grahaNazakti bahUta parimita hai / ve bhautika padArthoM meM se bhI sthUla, nikaTavartI aura niyata viSayoM ko hI Upara-Upara se jAna sakatI haiM / sUkSma-darzaka yantra zrAdi sAdhanoM kI vahI dazA hai| ve abhI taka bhautika pradeza meM hI kAryakArI siddha hue haiM / isalie unakA abhautika-amUrtaaAtmA ko jAna na sakanA bAdha nahIM kahA jA sktaa| mana, bhautika hone para bhI indriyoM kA dAsa bana jAtA hai--- eka ke pIche eka, isa taraha aneka viSayoM meM bandaroM ke samAna daur3a lagAtA phiratA hai----taba usameM rAjasa va tAmasa vRttiyoM paidA hotI haiM / sAttvika bhAva prakaTa hone nahIM paataa| yahI bAta gItA ( a-2 zlo0 67) meM bhI kahI huI hai 'indriyANAM hi caratAM yanmano'nuvidhIyate / tadasya harati prajJAM vAyu vamivAmbhasi // isalie caMcala mana meM AtmA kI sphuraNA bhI nahIM hotii| yaha dekhI huI bAta hai ki pratibimba grahaNa karane kI zakti, jisa darpaNa meM vartamAna hai vaha bhI jaba malina ho jAtA hai taba usameM kisI vastu kA pratibimba vyakta nahIM hotA / isase yaha bAta siddha hai ki bAharI viSayoM meM daur3a lagAne vAle asthira mana se AtmA kA grahaNa na honA usakA bAdha nahIM, kintu mana kI azakti mAtra hai| isa prakAra vicAra karane se yaha pramANita hotA hai ki mana, indriyA~, sUkSma darzakayantra Adi sabhI sAdhana bhautika hone se AtmA kA niSedha karane kI zakti nahIM rakhate / (ga) niSedha se niSedha-kartA kI siddhi- kucha loga yaha kahate haiM ki hameM AtmA kA nizcaya nahIM hotA, balki kabhI-kabhI usake abhAva kI sphuraNA

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karmavAda 231 ho pAtI hai; kyoMki kisI samaya mana meM aisI kalpanA hone lagatI hai ki 'maiM nahIM hU~' ityAdi / parantu unako jAnanA cAhie ki unakI yaha kalpanA hI AtmA ke astitva ko siddha karatI hai / kyoMki yadi AtmA hI na ho to aisI kalpanA kA prAdurbhAva kaise ? jo niSedha kara rahA hai vaha svayaM hI aAtmA hai / isa bAta ko zrIzaMkarAcArya ne apane brahmasUtra ke bhASya meM bhI kahA hai'ya eva hI nirAkartA tadeva hI tasya svarUpam / ' --a. 2 pA 3 a. 1 sU. 7 (ba) taka- yaha bhI AtmA ke svataMtra astitva kI puSTi karatA hai| vaha kahatA hai ki jagat meM sabhI padArthoM kA virodhI koI na koI dekhA jAtA hai| andhakAra kA virodhI prakAza, uSNatA kA virodhI zaitya aura sukha kA virodhI duHkha / isA taraha jar3a padAtha kA virodhI bhI koI tattva honA caahie|' jo tattva jar3a kA virodhI hai vahIM cetana yA AtmA hai| isa para yaha tarka kiyA jA sakatA hai ki 'jar3a, cetana ye do svataMtra virodhI tattva mAnanA ucita nahIM, parantu kisI eka hI prakAra ke mUla padArtha meM jar3atva va cetanatva donoM zaktiyA~ mAnanA ucita hai / jisa samaya cetanatva zakti kA vikAsa hone lagatA hai--usakI vyakti hotI hai-usa samaya jar3atva zakti kA tirobhAva rahatA hai| sabhI cetana zaktivAle prANI jar3a padArtha ke vikAsa ke hI pariNAma haiN| be jar3a ke atirikta apanA svataMtra astitva nahIM rakhate, kintu jar3atva zakti kA tirobhAva hone se jIvadhArI rUpa meM dikhAI dete haiN| aisA hI mantavya hegala Adi aneka pazcimIya vidvAnoM kA bhI hai| parantu usa pratikUla taka kA nivAraNa azakya nahIM hai| yaha dekhA jAtA hai ki kisI vastu meM jaba eka zakti kA prAdurbhAva hotA hai taba usameM dUsarI virodhinI zakti kA tirobhAva ho jAtA hai| parantu jo zakti tirohita ho jAtI hai vaha sadA ke lie nahIM, kisI samaya anukUla nimitta milane 1 yaha tarka nirmUla yA apamANa nahIM, balki isa prakAra kA tarka zuddha buddhi kA cihna hai / bhagavAn buddha ko bhI apane pUrva janma meM arthAt sumedha nAmaka brAhmaNa ke janma meM aisA hI tarka huA thA / yathA___ yathA hi loke dukkhassa paTipakvabhUtaM sukhaM nAma asthi, evaM bhave sati tappaTipakkhena vibhavenA'pi bhavitabbaM yathA ca urahe sati tassa vUpasamabhUtaM sItaM'pi asthi, evaM rAgAdInaM aggInaM vUpasamena nibAnenA'pi bhvitbb|'

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232 jaina dharma aura darzana para phira bhI usakA prAdurbhAva ho jAtA hai / isI prakAra jo zakti prAdurbhUta huI hotI hai vaha bhI sadA ke lie nahIM / pratikUla nimitta milate hI usakA tirobhAva ho jAtA hai| udAharaNArthaM pAnI ke aNuoM ko lIjie, ve garamI pAte hI bhAparUpa meM parimAta ho jAte haiM, phira zaitya Adi nimitta milate hI pAnIrUpa meM barasate haiM aura adhika zItatva prApta hone para dravatvarUpa ko chor3a barpharUpa meM dhanatva ko prAta kara lete haiN| * isI taraha yadi jar3atva cetanatva donoM zaktiyoM ko kisI eka mUla tatvagata mAna leM, to vikAsavAda hI na Thahara skegaa| kyoMki cetanatva zakti ke vikAsa ke kAraNa jo Aja cetana (prANI) samajhe jAte haiM ve hI saba jar3atvazakti kA vikAsa hone para phira jar3a ho jaaeNge| jo pASANa Adi padArtha Aja jarUpa meM dikhAI dete haiM ve kabhI cetana ho jAe~ge aura cetanarUpa se dikhAI denevAle manuSya, pazu-pakSI Adi prANI kabhI jar3arUpa bhI ho jaaeNge| ataeva eka-eka padArtha meM jar3atva aura cetanatva donoM virodhinI zaktiyoM ko na mAnakara jar3a va cetana do svataMtra tattvoM ko hI mAnanA ThIka hai| * (Ga) zAstra va mahAtmAoM kA prAmANya-aneka purAtana zAstra bhI AtmA ke svataMtra astitva kA pratipAdana karate haiN| jina zAstrakAroM ne bar3I zAnti va gambhIratA ke sAtha zrAtmA ke viSaya meM khoja kI hai, unake zAstragata anubhava ko yadi hama binA hI anubhava kiye capalatA se yoM hI ha~sa deM to, isameM kSudratA kisakI ? Ajakala bhI aneka mahAtmA aise dekhe jAte haiM ki jinhoMne apanA jIvana pavitratA pUrvaka zrAtmA ke vicAra meM hI bitaayaa| unake zuddha anubhava ko hama yadi apane bhrAnta anubhava ke bala para na mAneM to isameM nyUnatA hamArI hI hai| purAtana zAstra aura vartamAna anubhavI mahAtmA niHsvArtha bhAva se AtmA ke astitva ko batalA rahe haiN| (ca) Adhunika vaijJAnikoM kI sammati- Ajakala loga pratyeka viSaya kA khulAsA karane ke lie bahudhA vaijJAnika vidvAnoM kA vicAra jAnanA cAhate haiN| yaha ThIka hai ki aneka pazcimIya bhautika-vijJAna vizArada AtmA ko nahIM mAnate yA usake viSaya meM saMdigdha haiN| parantu aise bhI aneka dhurandhara vaijJAnika hai ki jinhoMne apanI sArI Ayu bhautika khoja meM bitAI hai, para unakI dRSTi bhUtoM se pare Atmatattva kI ora bhI pahu~cI hai| unameM se sara oNlIvara laoNja aura laoNrDa kelavina, inakA nAma vaijJAnika saMsAra meM mazahUra hai / ye donoM vidvAn cetana tatva ko jar3a se judA mAnane ke pakSa meM haiN| unhoMne jar3avAdiyoM kI yuktiyoM kA khaNDana bar3I sAvadhAnI se va vicArasaraNI se kiyA hai| unakA mantabya hai

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karmavAda 233 ki cetana ke svatantra astitva ke sivAya jIvadhAriyoM ke deha kI vilakSaNa racanA kisI taraha bana nahIM sktii| ve anya bhautikavAdiyoM kI taraha mastiSka ko zAna kI jar3a nahIM samajhate, kintu use jJAna ke AvirbhAva kA sAdhana mAtra sama _____ DA0 jagadIzacandra bosa, jinhoMne sAre vaijJAnika saMsAra meM nAma pAyA hai, ko khoja se yahA~ taka nizcaya ho gayA hai ki vanaspatiyoM meM bhI smaraNa zakti vidyamAna hai ! bosa mahAzaya ne apane AviSkAroM se svatantra prAtma-tattva mAnane ke lie vaijJAnika saMsAra ko majabUra kiyA hai| (cha) punarjanma-nIce aneka prazna aise haiM ki jinakA pUrA samAdhAna punarjanma mAne binA nahIM hotA / garbha ke prArambha se lekara janma taka bAlaka ko jo-jo kaSTa bhogane par3ate haiM ve saba usa bAlaka kI kRti ke pariNAma haiM yA usake mAtA-pitA kI kRti ke ? unheM bAlaka kI isa janma kI kRti kA pariNAma nahIM kaha sakate, kyoMki usane garbhAvasthA meM to acchA-burA kucha bhI kAma nahIM kiyA hai| yadi mAtA-pitA kI kRti kA pariNAma kaheM to bhI asaMgata jAna par3atA hai, kyoMki mAtA-pitA acchA yA burA kucha bhI kareM usakA pariNAma binA kAraNa bAlaka ko kyoM bhoganA par3e ? bAlaka jo kucha sukha-duHkha bhogatA hai vaha yoM hI binA kAraNa bhogatA hai-yaha mAnanA to ajJAna kI parAkASThA hai, kyoMki binA kAraNa kisI kArya kA honA asambhava hai| yadi yaha kahA jAya ki mAtA-pitA ke AhAra vihAra kA, vicAra-vyavahAra kA aura zArIrika-mAnasika avasthAoM kA asara bAlaka para garbhAvasthA se hI par3anA zurU hotA hai to phira bhI sAmane yaha prazna hotA hai ki bAlaka ko aise mAtA-pitA kA saMyoga kyoM huA? aura isakA kyA samAdhAna hai ki kabhI-kabhI bAlaka kI yogyatA mAtA-pitA se bilakula hI judA prakAra kI hotI hai| aise aneka udAharaNa dekhe jAte haiM ki mAtA-pitA bilakula apar3ha hote haiM aura lar3akA pUrA zikSita bana jAtA hai| vizeSa kyA ? yahA~ taka dekhA jAtA hai ki kinhIM-kinhIM mAtA-pitAtroM kI ruci, jisa bAta para bilakula hI nahIM hotI usameM bAlaka siddhahasta ho jAtA hai / isakA kAraNa kevala AsapAsa kI paristhiti hI nahIM mAnI jA sakatI, kyoMki samAna paristhiti aura barAbara dekhabhAla hote hue bhI aneka vidyArthiyoM meM vicAra va vyavahAra kI bhinnatA 1 ina donoM caitanyavAdiyoM ke vicAra kI chAyA, saMvat 1661 ke jyeSTha mAsa ke, 1662 mArgazIrSa mAsa ke aura 1665 ke bhAdrapada mAsa ke 'vasanta' patra meM prakAzita huI hai|

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234 jaina dharma aura darzana dekhI jAtI hai| yadi kahA jAe ki yaha pariNAma bAlaka ke adbhuta jJAnataMtuoM kA hai, to isa para yaha zaMkA hotI hai ki bAlaka kA deha mAtA-pitA ke zukrazoNita se banA hotA hai, phira unameM avidyamAna aise jJAnataMtu bAlaka ke mastiSka meM Ae kahA~ se? kahIM-kahIM mAtA-pitA kI sI jJAnazakti bAlaka meM dekhI jAtI hai sahI, para isameM bhI prazna hai ki aisA suyoga kyoM milA ? kisI-kisI jagaha yaha bhI dekhA jAtA hai ki mAtA-pitA kI yogyatA bahuta bar3hI-bar3hI hotI hai aura unake sau prayatna karane para bhI lar3akA ga~vAra hI raha jAtA hai|| yaha sabako vidita hI hai ki eka sAtha- yugalarUpa se---janme hue do bAlaka bhI samAna nahIM hote / mAtA-pitA kI dekha-bhAla barAbara hone para bhI eka sAdhAraNa hI rahatA hai aura dUsarA kahIM Age bar3ha jAtA hai| eka kA piNDa roga se nahIM chUTatA aura dUsarA bar3e-bar3e kuztIvAjoM se hAtha milAtA hai| eka dIrghajIvI banatA hai aura dUsarA sau yatna hote rahane para bhI yama kA atithi bana jAtA hai| eka kI icchA saMyata hotI hai aura dUsare kI asaMyata / jo zakti, mahAvIra meM, buddha meM, zaGkarAcArya me thI vaha unake mAtA-pitAoM meM na thii| hemacandrAcArya kI pratibhA ke kAraNa unake mAtA-pitA nahIM mAne jA skte| unake guru bhI unakI pratibhA ke mukhya kAraNa nahIM, kyoMki devacandrasUri ke hemacandrAcArya ke sivAya aura bhI ziSya the, phira kyA kAraNa hai ki dUsare ziSyoM kA nAma loga jAnate taka nahIM aura hemacandrAcArya kA nAma itanA prasiddha hai ? zrImatI enI bisenTa meM jo viziSTa zakti dekhI jAtI hai vaha unake mAtApitAoM meM na thI aura na unakI putrI me bhii| acchA, aura bhI kucha prAmANika udAharaNoM ko dekhie --- prakAza kI khoja karanevAle DA0 yaMga do varSa kI umra meM pustaka ko bahuta acchI taraha bA~ca sakate the| cAra varSa kI umra meM ve do daphe bAibala par3ha cuke the| sAta varSa kI avasthA meM unhoMne gaNitazAstra par3hanA prArambha kiyA thA aura teraha varSa kI avasthA meM leTina, grIka, hibru, phreMca, iTAliyana Adi bhASAe~ sIkha lI thiiN| sara viliyama rovana hemilTa, inhoMne tIna varSa kI umra meM hibra bhASA sIkhanA AraMbha kiyA aura sAta varSa kI umra meM usa bhASA meM itanA naipuNya prAsa kiyA ki Dablina kI TrIniTI kAleja ke eka phelo ko svIkAra karanA par3A ki kAleja ke phelo ke pada ke prArthiyoM meM bhI unake barAbara jJAna nahIM hai aura teraha varSa kI vaya meM to unhoMne kama se kama teraha bhASA para adhikAra jamA liyA thA / I0 saM0 1862 meM janmI huI eka lar3akI I0 saM0 1602 me --dasa varSa kI avasthA meM eka nATakamaNDala meM saMmilita huI thii| usane usa avasthA meM

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karmavAda 235 kaI nATaka likhe the / usakI mAtA ke kathanAnusAra vaha pA~ca varSa kI vaya meM kaI choTI-moTI kavitAe~ banA letI thii| usakI likhI huI kucha kavitAe~ mahArAnI vikToriyA ke pAsa thiiN| usa samaya usa bAlikA kA aMgrejI jJAna bhI Azcaryajanaka thA, vaha kahatI thI ki maiM aMgrejI par3hI nahIM hU~, parantu use jAnatI hU~ / ukta udAharaNoM para dhyAna dene se yaha spaSTa jAna par3atA hai ki isa janma meM dekhI jAnevAlI saba vilakSaNatAe~ na to vartamAna janma kI kRti kA hI parigrAma hai, na mAtA-pitA ke kevala saMskAra kA hI, aura na kevala paristhiti kA hI / isalie AtmA ke astitva kI maryAdA ko garbha ke AraMbha samaya se aura bhI pUrva mAnanA caahie| vahI pUrva janma hai| pUrva janma meM icchA yA pravRtti dvArA jo saMskAra saMcita hue hoM unhIM ke AdhAra para uparyukta zaGkAoM tathA vilakSaNatAoM kA susaMgata samAdhAna ho jAtA hai| jisa yukti se eka pUrva janma siddha huA usI ke bala para se aneka pUrva janma kI paraMparA siddha ho jAtI hai / kyoMki aparimita jJAnazakti eka janma ke abhyAsa kA phala nahIM ho sktaa| isa prakAra AtmA, deha se judA anAdi siddha hotA hai / anAdi tatva kA kabhI nAza nahIM hotA isa siddhAnta ko sabhI dArzanika mAnate haiN| gItA meM bhI kahA gayA hai'nAsato vidyate bhAvo nAbhAvo vidyate sataH / " - zra0 2 zlo0 16 itanA hI nahIM, balki vartamAna zarIra ke bAda zrAtmA kA astitva mAne binA aneka prazna hala hI nahIM ho sakate / to prAmANika jIvana bitAte bahuta loga aise dekhe jAte haiM ki ve isa janma meM haiM parantu rahate haiM daridrI aura aise bhI dekhe jAte haiM ki jo nyAya, nIti aura dharma kA nAma sunakara cir3hate haiM parantu hote haiM ve saba taraha se sukhI / aisI aneka vyaktiyA~ mila sakatI haiM jo haiM to svayaM doSI aura unake doSoM kA aparAdhoM kA -- phala bhoga rahe haiM dUsare eka hatyA karatA hai aura dUsarA pakar3A jAkara phAMsI para laTakAyA jAtA hai| eka karatA hai corI aura pakar3A jAtA hai dUsarA / aba isa para vicAra karanA cAhie ki jinako apanI acchI yA burI kRti kA badalA isa janma meM nahIM milA, unakI kRti kyA yoM hI viphala ho jAegI ! yaha kahanA ki kRti viphala nahIM hotI, yadi kartA ko phala nahIM milA to bhI usakA : sara samAja ke yA deza ke anya logoM para hotA hI hai- so bhI ThIka nahIM / kyoMki manuSya jo kucha karatA hai vaha satra dUsaroM ke lie hI nahIM / rAta-dina paropakAra karane meM nirata mahAtmAoM kI bhI icchA, dUsaroM kI bhalAI karane ke nimitta se apanA paramAtmatva prakaTa karane kI hI rahatI hai| vizva kI vyavasthA meM icchA ka

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236 jaina dharma aura darzana bahuta U~cA sthAna hai / aisI dazA meM vartamAna deha ke sAtha icchA ke mUla kA bhI nAza mAna lenA yuktisaMgata nhiiN| manuSya apane jIvana kI AkhirI ghar3I taka aisI hI koziza karatA rahatA hai jisase ki apanA bhalA ho / yaha nahIM ki aisA karanevAle saba bhrAnta hI hote haiM / bahuta Age pahu~ce hue sthiracitta va zAnta prajJAvAn yogI bhI isI vicAra se apane sAdhana ko siddha karane kI ceSTA meM lage hote haiM ki isa janma meM nahIM to dUsare meM hI sahI, kisI samaya hama paramAtmabhAva ko prakaTa kara hI leNge| isake sivAya sabhI ke citta meM yaha sphuraNA huA karatI hai ki maiM barAbara kAyama rhuuNgaa| zarIra, nAza hone ke bAda cetana kA astitva yadi na mAnA jAya to vyakti kA uddezya kitanA saMkucita bana jAtA hai aura kAryakSetra bhI kitanA alpa raha jAtA hai ? auroM ke lie jo kucha kiyA jAya parantu vaha apane lie kiye jAnevAle kAmoM ke barAbara ho nahIM sakatA / cetana kI uttara maryAdA ko vartamAna deha ke antima kSaNa taka mAna lene se vyakti ko mahattvAkAMkSA eka taraha se chor3a denI par3atI hai| isa janma meM nahIM to agale janma meM sahI, parantu maiM apanA uddezya avazya siddha karU~gA-yaha bhAvanA manuSya ke hRdaya meM jitanA bala prakaTAsakatI hai utanA bala anya koI bhAvanA nahIM prakaTA sktii| yaha bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki ukta bhAvanA mithyA hai, kyoMki usakA AvirbhAva naisargika aura sarvavidita hai| vikAsavAda bhale hI bhautika racanAoM ko dekhakara jar3a tattvoM para khar3A kiyA gayA ho, para usakA viSaya cetana bhI bana sakatA hai| ina saba bAtoM para dhyAna dene se yaha mAne binA saMtoSa nahIM hotA ki cetana eka svataMtra tattva hai| vaha jAnate yA anajAnate jo acchA-burA karma karatA hai usakA phala, use bhoganA ho par3atA hai aura isalie use punarjanma ke cakkara meM ghUmanA par3atA hai | buddha bhagavAn ne bhI punarjanma mAnA hai | pakkA nirIzvaravAdI jarmana paNDita niTaze, karmacakrakRta punarjanma ko mAnatA hai| yaha panarjanma kA svIkAra aAtmA ke svatantra astitva ko mAnane ke lie prabala pramANa hai| 10-karma-tattva ke viSaya meM jainadarzana kI vizeSatA ___jainadarzana meM pratyeka karma kI badhyamAna, sat aura udayamAna the tIna avasthAe~ mAnI huI haiN| unheM kramazaH bandha, sattA aura udaya kahate haiM / jainetara darzanoM meM bhI karma kI una avasthAoM kA varNana hai| unameM badhyamAna karma ko 'kriyamANa', satkarma ko 'saMcita' aura udayamAna karma ko 'prArabdha', kahA hai| kintu jainazAstra meM jJAnAvaraNIya AdirUpa se karma kA 8 tathA 148 bhedoM meM vargIkaraNa kiyA hai

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karmavAda . 237 aura inake dvArA saMsArI AtmA kI anubhavasiddha bhinna-bhinna avasthAoM kA jaisA khulAsA kiyA gayA hai vaisA kisI bhI jainetara darzana meM nahIM hai / pAtajaladarzana meM karma ke jAti, Ayu aura bhoga tIna taraha ke vipAka batalAe haiM, parantu jaina darzana meM karma ke saMbandha meM kiye gaye vicAra ke sAmane vaha varNana nAma mAtra kA hai| zrAtmA ke sAtha kama kA bandha kaise hotA hai ? kina-kina kAraNa se hotA hai ? kisa kAraNa se kama meM kaisI zakti paidA hotI hai ? kama', adhika se adhika aura kama se kama kitane samaya taka AtmA ke sAtha lagA raha sakatA hai ? zrAtmA ke sAtha lagA huA bhI kama, kitane samaya taka vipAka dene meM asamartha hai ? vipAka kA niyata samaya bhI badalA jA sakatA hai yA nahIM ? yadi badalA jA sakatA hai to usake lie kaise AtmapariNAma Avazyaka haiM ? eka karma, anya karmarUpa katra bana sakatA hai ? usakI bandhakAlIna tIvramanda zaktiyA~ kisa prakAra badalI jA sakatI haiM ? pIche se vipAka denevAlA karma pahale hI kaba aura kisa taraha bhogA jA sakatA hai ? kitanA bhI balavAn kama kyoM na ho, para usakA vipAka zuddha Atmika pariNAmoM se kaise roka diyA jAtA hai ? kabhI-kabhI AtmA ke zatazaH prayatna karane para bhI kama, apanA vipAka binA bhogavAe nahIM chUTatA ? AtmA kisa taraha karma kA kartA aura kisa taraha bhoktA hai ? itanA hone para bhI vastutaH AtmA meM kama kA kartRvya aura bhoktRtva kisa prakAra nahIM hai ? saMklezarUpa pariNAma apanI AkarSaNa zakti se AtmA para eka prakAra kI sUkSma raja kA paTala kisa taraha DAla dete haiM ? aAtmA vIrya-zakti ke AvirbhAva ke dvArA isa sUkSma raja ke paTala ko kisa taraha uThA pheMka detA hai ? svabhAvataH zuddha prAtmA bhI karma ke prabhAva se kisa-kisa prakAra malIna sA dIkhatA hai ? aura bAhya hajAroM zrAvaraNoM ke hone para bhI prAtmA apane zuddha svarUpa se cyuta kisa taraha nahIM hotA hai ? vaha apanI utkrAnti ke samaya pUrva baddha tIvra karmoM ko bhI kisa taraha haTA detA hai ? vaha apane vartamAna paramAtmabhAva ko dekhane ke lie jisa samaya utsuka hotA hai usa samaya usake, aura antarAyabhUta karma ke bIca kaisA dvandva (yuddha) hotA hai ? anta meM vIryavAn zrAtmA kisa prakAra ke pariNAmoM se balavAn karmoM ko kamajora karake apane pragati-mArga ko niSkaeTaka karatA hai ? Atma-mandira meM vartamAna paramAtmadeva kA sAkSAtkAra karAne meM sahAyaka pariNAma, jinheM 'apUrvakaraNa' tathA 'anivRttikaraNa' kahate haiM. unakA kyA svarUpa hai ? jIva apanI zuddha pariNAma-taraMgamAlA ke vaidyutika yantra se karma ke pahAr3oM ko kisa kadara cUra-cUra kara DAlatA hai ? kabhI-kabhI gulATa khAkara kama ho, jo kucha dera ke lie dabe hote haiM, ve hI pragatizIla prAtma.

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238 . jaina dharma aura darzana ko kisa taraha nIce paTaka dete haiM ? kauna-kauna karma, bandha kI va udaya kI apekSA Apasa meM virodhI haiM ? kisa karma kA bandha kisa avasthA meM avazyambhAvI aura kisa avasthA meM aniyata hai ? kisa karma kA vipAka kisa hAlata taka niyata aura kisa hAlata meM aniyata hai ? AtmasaMbaddha atIndriya karmarAja kisa prakAra kI AkarSaNa zakti se sthUla pudgaloM ko khIMcA karatA hai aura unake dvArA zarIra, mana, sUkSmazarIra Adi kA nirmANa kiyA karatA hai ? ityAdi saMkhyAtIta prazna, jo karma se saMbandha rakhate haiM, unakA sayuktika, vistRta va vizada khulAsA jaina karmasAhitya ke sivAya anya kisI bhI darzana ke sAhitya se nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| yahI kamatatva ke viSaya meM jainadarzana kI vizeSatA hai / 'karmavipAka' grantha kA paricaya saMsAra meM jitane pratiSThita sampradAya (dharmasaMsthAe~ ) haiM una sabakA sAhitya do vibhAgoM meM vibhAjita hai-(1| tattvajJAna aura (2) prAcAra va kriyA / ye donoM vibhAga eka dUsare se bilakula hI alaga nahIM haiN| unakA saMbandha vaisA hI hai jaisA zarIra meM netra aura hAtha-paira aAdi anya avayavoM kA / jainasampradAya kA sAhitya bhI tattvajJAna aura prAcAra ina donoM vibhAgoM meM ba~TA huA hai| yaha grantha pahale vibhAga se saMbandha rakhatA hai, arthAt isameM vidhiniSedhAtmaka . kriyA kA varNana nahIM hai, kintu isameM varNana hai tattva kaa| yoM to jainadarzana meM aneka tattvoM para vividha dRSTi se vicAra kiyA hai para isa grantha meM una saba kA varNana nahIM hai / isameM pradhAnatayA karmatattva kA varNana hai| zrAtmavAdI sabhI darzana kisI na kisI rUpa meM karma ko mAnate hI haiM, para jaina darzana isa saMbandha meM apanI asAdhAraNa vizeSatA rakhatA hai athavA yoM kahie ki kama tattta ke vicAra pradeza meM jainadarzana apanA sAnI nahIM rakhatA, isalie isa grantha ko jainadarzana kI vizeSatA kA yA jaina dazana ke vicAraNIya tattva kA grantha kanA ucita hai| vizeSa paricaya isa grantha kA adhika paricaya karane ke lie isake nAma, viSaya, varNanakrama, racanA kA mUlAdhAra, parimANa, bhASA, kartA Adi bAtoM kI ora dhyAna denA jarUrI hai| nAma- isa grantha ke karmavipAka' aura 'prathama karmagrantha' ina do nAmoM meM se pahalA nAma to viSayAnurUpa hai tathA usakA ullekha svayaM granthakAra ne Adi meM

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'karmafource ' 236. 'kammavitrAgaM samAsazro vucchaM' tathA anta meM 'i kammavivAgo'yaM' isa kathana se spaSTa hI kara diyA hai / parantu dUsare nAma kA ullekha kahIM bhI nahIM kiyA hai / vaha nAma kevala isalie pracalita ho gayA hai ki karmastava Adi anya karmaviSayaka granthoM se yaha pahalA hai; isake binA par3he karmastava zrAdi gale prakaraNoM meM praveza hI nahIM ho sakatA / pichalA nAma itanA prasiddha hai ki par3hane-par3hAne vAle tathA anya loga prAyaH usI nAma se vyavahAra karate haiM / 'pahalA karmagrantha', isa pracalita nAma se mUla nAma yahA~ taka prasiddha sA ho gayA hai ki karmavipAka kahane se bahuta se loga kahanevAle kA Azaya hI nahIM samajhate / yaha bAta isa prakaraNa ke viSaya meM hI nahIM, balki karmastava Adi agrima prakaraNoM ke viSaya meM bhI barAbara lAgU par3atI hai / arthAt karmastava, bandhasvAmitva, SaDazItika, zataka aura saptatikA kahane se kramazaH dUsare, tIsare, cauthe, pA~caveM aura chaTThe prakaraNa kA matalaba bahuta kama loga samajheMge; parantu dUsarA tIsarA, cauthA, pA~cavA~ aura chaThA karmagrantha kahane se saba loga kahanevAle kA bhAva samajha leMge / viSaya - isa grantha kA viSaya karmatattva hai, para isameM karma se saMbandha rakhane vAlI aneka bAtoM para vicAra na karake prakRti zraMza para hI pradhAnatayA vicAra kiyA 'hai, arthAt karma kI satra prakRtiyoM kA vipAka hI isameM mukhyatayA varNana kiyA gayA hai / isI abhiprAya se isakA nAma bhI 'karmavipAka' rakkhA gayA hai / vana krama - isa grantha meM sabase pahale yaha dikhAyA hai ki karmabandha svAbhAvika nahIM, kintu sahetuka hai / isake bAda karma kA svarUpa paripUrNa batAne ke lie use cAra aMzoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai - ( 1 ) prakRti, (2) sthiti, (3) rasa aura (4) pradeza | isake bAda ATha prakRtiyoM ke nAma aura unake uttara bhedoM kI saMkhyA batAI gaI hai / anantara jJAnAvaraNIyakarma ke svarUpa ko dRSTAnta, kArya aura kAraNa dvArA dikhalAne ke lie prArambha meM granthakAra ne jJAna kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai | jJAna ke pA~ca bhedoM ko aura unake avAntara bhedoM ko saMkSepa meM, parantu tattvarUpa se dikhAyA hai| jJAna kA nirUpaNa karake usake AvaraNabhUta karma kA dRSTAnta dvArA udghATana ( khulAsA ) kiyA hai / anantara darzanAvaraNa karma ko dRSTAnta dvArA samajhAyA hai / pIche usake bhedoM ko dikhalAte hue darzana zabda kA batalAyA hai / darzanAvaraNIya karma ke bhedoM meM pA~ca prakAra kI nidrAtroM kA sarvAnubhavasiddha svarUpa, saMkSepa meM, para bar3I manoraMjakatA se varNana kiyA hai / isake bAda krama se sukha-duHkhajanaka vedanIyakarma, sadvizvAsa aura saccAritra ke pratibandhaka mohanIyakarma,

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240 jaina dharma aura darzana nAma akSaya jIvana ke varodhI zrayukarma, gati, jAti Adi aneka avasthAoM ke janaka ucca-nIca gotrajanaka gotrakarma aura lAbha Adi meM rukAvaTa karanevAle antarAya karma kA tathA una pratyeka karma ke bhedoM kA thor3e meM, kintu anubhavasiddha varNana kiyA hai / anta meM pratyeka karma ke kAraNa ko dikhAkara hai / isa prakAra isa grantha kA pradhAna viSaya karma kA vipAka hai, isameM jo kucha kahA gayA hai usa sabako saMkSepa meM pA~ca sakate haiM grantha samApta kiyA tathApi prasaMgavaza vibhAgoM meM bA~Ta ( 1 ) pratyeka karma ke prakRti Adi cAra aMzoM kA kathana, ( 2 ) karma kI mUla tathA uttara prakRtiyA~, ( 3 ) pA~ca prakAra ke jJAna aura cAra prakAra ke darzana kA varNana, ( 4 ) saba prakRtiyoM kA dRSTAnta pUrvaka kArya kathana, (5) satra prakRtiyoM ke kAraNa kA kathana / AdhAra - yoM to yaha grantha karmaprakRti, paJcasaMgraha Adi prAcInatara granthoM ke AdhAra para racA gayA hai parantu isakA sAkSAt AdhAra prAcIna karmavipAka hai jo zrI garga RSi kA banAyA huA hai| prAcIna karmagrantha 166 gAthA pramANa hone se pahale pahala karmazAstra meM praveza karanevAloM ke lie bahuta vistRta ho jAtA hai, isalie usakA saMkSepa kevala 61 gAthAoM meM kara diyA gayA hai / itanA saMkSepa hone para bhI isameM prAcIna karmavipAka kI khAsa va tAttvika bAta koI bhI nahIM chUTI hai / itanA hI nahIM, balki saMkSepa karane meM granthakAra ne yahA~ taka dhyAna rakhA hai ki kucha ati upayogI navIna viSaya, jinakA varNana prAcIna karmavipAka meM nahIM hai unheM bhI isa grantha meM dAkhila kara diyA hai| udAharaNArtha - zrutajJAna ke paryAya zrAdi 20 bheda tathA ATha karmaprakRtiyoM ke bandha ke hetu, prAcIna karmavipAka meM nahIM haiM, para unakA varNana isameM hai / saMkSepa karane meM granthakAra ne isa tatva kI ora bhI dhyAna rakhA hai ki jisa eka bAta kA varNana karane se anya bAteM bhI samAnatA ke kAraNa sugamatA se samajhI jA sakeM vahA~ usa bAta ko hI batalAnA, anya ko nahIM / isI abhiprAya se, prAcIna karmavipAka meM jaise pratyeka mUla yA uttara prakRti kA vipAka dikhAyA gayA hai vaise isa grantha meM nahIM dikhAyA hai / parantu zrAvazyaka vaktavya meM kucha bhI kamI nahIM kI gaI haiN| isI se isa grantha kA pracAra sarvasAdhAraNa ho gayA hai| isake par3hanevAle prAcIna karmavipAka ko binA TIkA-TippaNa ke anAyAsa hI samajha sakate haiN| yaha grantha saMkSeparUpa hone se saba ko mukha-pATha karane meM va yAda rakhane meM bar3I AsAnI hotI hai| isI se prAcIna karmavipAka ke chupa jAne para bhI isakI cAha aura mA~ga meM kucha bhI kamI nahIM huI hai / isa karmavipAka kI apekSA prAcIna karmavipAka bar3A hai sahI, para vaha bhI

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16 karmagranthoM ke karttA 241 usase purAtana grantha kA saMkSepa hI hai, yaha bAta usakI Adi meM vartamAna 'vocchaM kammavivAgaM guruvaiTTha samAseNa' isa vAkya se spaSTa hai / bhASA - yaha karmagrantha tathA isake Age ke anya sabhI karmagranthoM kA mUla prAkRta bhASA meM haiN| inakI TIkA saMskRta meM hai| mUla gAthAe~ aisI sugama bhASA meM racI huI haiM ki par3hane vAloM ko thor3A bahuta saMskRta kA bodha ho aura unheM kucha prAkRta ke niyama samajhA diye jAe~ to ve mUla gAthAoM ke Upara se hI viSaya kA parijJAna kara sakate haiM / saMskRta TIkA bhI bar3I vizada bhASA meM khulAse ke sAtha likhI gaI hai jisase jijJAsutroM ko par3hane meM bahuta sugamatA hotI hai / granthakAra kI jIvanI ( 1 ) samaya- prastuta grantha ke kartA zrI devendrasUri kA samaya vikrama kI 13 vIM zatAbdI kA anta aura caudahavIM zatAbdI kA Arambha hai| unakA svargavAsa vi0 saM0 1337 meM huA aisA ullekha gurvAvalI meM spaSTa hai parantu unake janma, dIkSA, sUripada Adi ke samaya kA ullekha kahIM nahIM milatA; tathApi yaha jAna par3atA hai ki 1285 meM zrI jagaccandrasUri ne tapAgaccha kI sthApanA kI, tatra ve dIkSita hoNge| kyoMki gacchasthApanA ke bAda zrIjagacandrasUri ke dvArA hI zrIdevendrasUra aura zrI vijayacandrasUri ko sUripada die jAne kA varNana gurvAvalI meM hai / yaha to mAnanA hI par3atA hai ki sUripada grahaNa karane ke samaya, zrI devendrasUri vaya, vidyA aura saMyama se sthavira hoMge / anyathA itane gurutara pada kA aura khAsa karake navIna pratiSThita kiye gae tapAgaccha ke nAyakatva kA bhAra ve kaise samhAla sakate ? unakA sUripada vi0 saM0 1285 ke bAda huA / sUripada kA samaya anumAna vi0 saM0 1300 mAna liyA jAe, taba bhI yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki tapAgaccha kI sthApanA ke samaya ve navadIkSita hoNge| unakI kula umra 50 yA 52 varSa kI mAna lI jAe to yaha siddha hai ki vi0 saM0 1275 ke lagabhaga unakA janma huA hogA / vi0 saM0 1302 meM unhoMne ujjayinI meM zreSThivara jinacandra ke putra vIravala ko dIkSA dI, jo grAge vidyAnandasUri ke nAma se vikhyAta hue / usa samaya devendrasUri kI umra 25-27 varSa kI mAna lI jAe taba bhI ukta anumAna kI - 1275 ke lagabhaga janma hone kI puSTi hotI hai / astu janma kA, dIkSA kA tathA sUripada kA samaya nizcita na hone para bhI isa bAta meM koI saMdeha nahIM I --- 1 dekho zloka 174 | 2 dekho zloka 107 /

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242 jainadharma aura darzana hai ki ve vikrama kI 13 vIM zatAbdI ke anta meM tathA caudahavIM zatAbdI ke prArambha meM apane astitva se bhAratavarSa kI, aura khAsakara gujarAta. tathA mAlavA kI zobhA bar3hA rahe the| (2) janmabhUmi, jAti Adi-zrI devendrasUri kA janma kisa deza meM, kisa jAti aura kisa parivAra meM huA isakA koI pramANa aba taka nahIM milA / gurvAvalI meM ' unake jIvana kA vRttAnta hai, para vaha bahuta saMkSipta hai| usameM sUripada grahaNa karane ke bAda kI bAtoM kA ullekha hai, anya bAtoM kA nhiiN| isalie usake AdhAra para unake jIvana ke saMbandha meM jahA~ kahIM ullekha huA hai vaha adhUrA hI hai / tathApi gujarAta aura mAlavA meM unakA adhika vihAra, isa anumAna kI sUcanA kara sakatA hai ki ve gujarAta yA mAlavA meM se kisI deza meM janme hoMge / unakI jAti aura mAtA-pitA ke saMbandha meM to sAdhana ke abhAva se kisI prakAra ke anumAna ko avakAza hI nahIM hai| (3) vidvattA aura cAritratatparatA- zrI devendrasUrijI jainazAstra ke pUre vidvAn the isameM to koI sandeha hI nahIM, kyoMki isa bAta kI gavAhI unake grantha hI de rahe haiN| aba taka unakA banAyA huA aisA koI grantha dekhane meM nahIM zrAyA jisameM ki unhoMne svatantra bhAva se SaDdarzana para apane vicAra prakaTa kiye hoM; parantu gurvAvalI ke varNana se patA calatA hai ki ve SaDdarzana ke mArmika vidvAn the aura isI se mantrIzvara vastupAla tathA anya-anya vidvAna unake vyAkhyAna meM aAyA karate the| yaha koI niyama nahIM hai ki jo jisa viSaya kA paNDita ho vaha usa para grantha likhe hI, kaI kAraNoM se aisA nahIM bhI ho sktaa| parantu zrI devendrasUri kA jainAgamaviSayaka jJAna hRdayasparzI thA yaha bAta asandigdha hai| unhoMne pA~ca karmagrantha-jo navIna karmagrantha ke nAma se prasiddha haiM (aura jinameM se yaha pahalA hai) saTIka race haiM / TIkA itanI vizada aura sapramANa hai ki use dekhane ke bAda prAcIna karmagrantha yA usakI TIkAe~ dekhane kI jijJAsA eka taraha se zAnta ho jAtI hai| unake saMskRta tathA prAkRta bhASA meM race hue aneka grantha isa bAta kI spaSTa sUcanA karate haiM ki ve saMskRta tathA prAkRta bhASA ke prakhara paNDita the / zrI devendrasUri kevala vidvAn hI na the kintu ve cAritradharma meM bar3e dRr3ha the| isake pramANa meM itanA hI kahanA paryApta hai ki usa samaya kriyAzithilatA ko dekhakara zrI jagaccandra sUri ne bar3e puruSArtha aura niHsIma tyAga se, jo kriyoddhAra kiyA thA usakA nirvAha zrI devendrasUri ne hI kiyA / yadyapi zrI jagaccandrasUri ne 1 dekho zloka 107 se bhaage|

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karmagranthoM ke kartA 243 zrI devendrasUri tathA zrI vijayacandrasUri donoM ko prAcAryapada para pratiSThita kiyA thA, tathApi guru ke prArambha kiye hue kriyoddhAra ke durdhara kArya ko zrI devendra sUri hI samhAla sake / tatkAlIna zithilAcAryoM kA prabhAva una para kucha bhI nahIM pdd'aa| isase ulaTA zrI vijayacandrasUri, vidvAn hone para bhI pramAda ke caMgula meM phaMsa gae aura zithilAcArI hue' / apane sahacArI ko zithila dekha, samajhAne para bhI unake na samajhane se anta meM zrIdevendrasUri ne apanI kriyAruci ke kAraNa unase alaga honA pasaMda kiyaa| isase yaha bAta sApha pramANita hotI hai ki ve bar3e hada mana ke aura gurubhakta the / unakA hRdaya aisA saMskArI thA ki usameM guNa kA pratibimba to zIghra par3a jAtA thA para doSa kA nahIM; kyoMki dasavIM, gyArahavIM, bArahavIM aura terahavIM zatAbdI meM jo zvetAmbara tathA digambara saMpradAya ke aneka asAdhAraNa vidvAn hue, unakI viratA, granthanirmANapaTutA aura cAritrapriyatA Adi guNoM kA prabhAva to zrI devendrasari ke hRdaya para par3A, parantu usa samaya jo aneka zithilAcArI the, unakA asara ina para kucha bhI nahIM pdd'aa| __zrI devendrasUri ke zuddhakriyApakSapAtI hone se aneka mumukSu, jo kalyANArthI va saMvigna-pAdika the ve Akara unase mila gae the| isa prakAra unhoMne jJAna ke * samAna cAritra ko bhI sthira rakhane va unnata karane meM apanI zakti kA upayoga kiyA thA / (4) guru-zrI devendrasUri ke guru the zrIjagacandra sUri jinhoMne zrI devabhadra upAdhyAya kI madada se kriyoddhAra kA kArya prArambha kiyA thaa| isa kArya meM unhoMne apanI asAdhAraNa tyAgavRtti dikhAkara auroM ke lie Adarza upasthita kiyA thaa| unhoMne Ajanma AyaMbila vrata kA niyama lekara ghI, dUdha Adi ke lie jaina-zAstra meM vyavahAra kiye gae vikRti zabda ko yathArtha siddha kiyaa| isI kaThina tapasyA ke kAraNa bar3agaccha kA 'tapAgaccha' nAma, huA aura ve tapAgaccha ke Adi sUtradhAra kahalAe / mantrIzvara vastupAla ne gaccha parivartana ke 1 dekho gurvAvalI padya 122 se unakA jIvanavRtta / / 2 udAharaNArtha-zrI gargaRSi, jo dasavIM zatAbdI meM hue, unake karmavipAka kA saMdepa inhoMne kiyA / zrI nemicandra siddhAnta cakravartI, jo gyArahavIM zatAbdI meM hue, unake racita gommaTasAra se zrutajJAna ke padabhutAdi bIsa bheda pahale kama grantha meM dAkhila kiye jo zvetAmbarIya anya graMthoM meM aba taka dekhane meM nahIM pAe / zrI malayagirisUri, jo bArahavIM zatAbdI meM hue, unake graMtha ke to vAkya ke vAkya inakI banAI TIkA Adi meM dRSTigocara hote haiN|

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244 jaina dharma aura darzana samaya zrI jagaJcandrasUrIzvara kI bahuta arcApUjA kii| zrI jagaccandrasUri tapasvI hI na the kintu ve pratibhAzAlI bhI the, kyoMki gurvAvalI meM yaha varNana hai ki unhoMne cittaur3a kI rAjadhAnI aghATa ( ahar3a ) nagara meM battIsa digambara-vAdiyoM ke sAtha vAda kiyA thA aura usameM ve hIre ke samAna abhedya rahe the / isa kAraNa cittaur3anareza kI ora se unako 'hIralA' kI padavI / milI thii| unakI kaThina tapasyA, zuddha buddhi aura niravadya cAritra ke lie yahI pramANa basa hai ki unake sthApita kiye hue tapAgaccha ke pATa para Aja taka 2 aise vidvAn , kriyAtatpara aura zAsana prabhAvaka AcArya barAbara hote Ae haiM ki jinake sAmane bAdazAhoM ne, hindU narapatiyoM ne aura bar3e-bar3e vidvAnoM ne sira jhukAyA hai| 5) pAravAra--zrI devendrasUri kA parivAra kitanA bar3A thA isakA spaSTa khulAsA to kahIM dekhane meM nahIM AyA, para itanA likhA milatA hai ki aneka saMcina muni, unake Azrita the / gurvAvalI meM unake do ziSya---zrI vidyAnanda aura zrI dharmakIrti kA ullekha hai| ye donoM bhAI the / 'vidyAnanda' nAma, sUripada ke pIche kA hai| inhoMne 'vidyAnanda' nAma kA vyAkaraNa banAyA hai| dharmakIrti upAdhyAya, jo sUripada lene ke bAda 'dharmaghoSa' nAma se prasiddha hue, unhoMne bhI kucha graMtha race haiM / ye donoM ziSya, anya zAstroM ke atirikta jaina-zAstra ke acche vidvAn the / isakA pramANa, unake guru zrI devendrasUri kI kamagrantha kI vRtti ke antima padya se milatA hai| unhoMne likhA hai ki 'merI banAI haI isa TIkA ko zrI vidyAnanda aura zrI dharmakIrti, donoM vidvAnoM ne zodhA hai|' ina donoM kA vistRta vRttAnta jainatattvAdarza ke bArahaveM pariccheda meM diyA hai / (6) grantha-zrI devendrasUri ke kucha graMtha jinakA hAla mAlUma huA hai unake nAma nIce likhe jAte haiM 1 zrAddha dinakRtya sUtravRtti, 2 saTIka pA~ca navIna karmagraMtha, 3 siddhapaMcAzikA sUtravRtti, 4 dharmaratnavRtti, 5 sudarzana caritra, 6 caityavaMdanAdi bhASyatraya, 7 yaMdAruvRtti, 8 siriusavaddhamANa pramukha stavana, 6 siddhadaNDikA, 10 sAravRttidazA / inameM se prAyaH bahuta se grantha jainadharma prasAraka sabhA bhAvanagara, AtmAnanda sabhA bhAvanagara, devacaMda lAlabhAI pustakoddhAra phaNDa sUrata kI ora se chapa cuke haiM / I0 1621] [karmavipAka kI prastAvanA 1 yaha saba jAnane ke lie dekho gurvAvalI padya 88 se aage| . - 2 yathA zrI hIravijayasUri, zrImad nyAyavizArada mahAmahopAdhyAya yazovijayagaNi, zrImad nyAyAmbhonidhi vijayAnandasUri, Adi / 3 dekho, padya 153 meM Age /