Jiva Vichar

Author(s): Hemchandrasuri Acharya
Publisher: Sanghvi Ambalal Ratanchand Jain Dharmik Trust
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/007529/1

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Shree Shankheshwar Parshvanathay Namo Namah Namo Namah Shree Guru Premsuraye PADARTH-PRAKASH (PART-1) JEEV-VICHAR AND NAVTATTVA COLLECTION OF ELEMENTS, GATHAS AND LITERAL MEANINGS COMPILED BY ACHARYA HEMCHANDRASURI (A DISCIPLE OF LATE PANNYAS PADMAVIJAYJI GANIVARYA) PUBLISHED SANGHVI AMBALAL RATANCHAND JAIN RELIGIOUS TRUST C/o. B.A.Shah & Brothers, 76, Zaveri Bazaar, Mubai-2 Tel. 2413933, 2402206 V.S.2061 First edition 1) 2) 3) Publisher Cpoies: AVAILABLE AT P.A. Shah Jwellers 110, Heerapanna, Hajiali, Mumbai-26 Tel. No. 4937397, 3693971 Chandrakant S. Sanghvi B/6, Ashoka Complex, Near First canal, Patan, (N.Gujarat), Tel. No.31603 2004 A.D. Price: Rs. We shall never forget the obligations of ascetices and nuns who have achieved ascetism from our family they are - 3) 1) Reverent Acharyadev Shreemadvijay HEMCHANDRASURISHVARJI Maharaja. 2) Reverent Sadhvijishree VASANTPRABHASHREEJI Maharaj. Reverent Sadhvijishree SWAYAMPRABHASHREEJI Maharaj. 4) Reverent Sadhvijishree DIVYAYASHASHREEJI Maharaj. We emotionally bow down in their feet. Composed By: SHREE PARSHVA COMPUTERS, 58. Patel Society. Jawaharchowk, Maninagar, A'bad-380008. Tel: 079-30912149

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FOREWORD In ancient times, people had sharp intellect. So, they could remember everything just by listening. But, as the time passed the intellect of people started declining. So, the acharyas decided that all the scriptures should be written on paper for their preservance, otheriwse the scriptural knowledge would be totally demalished due to the weakening of memory day by day. On the other hand, many tender-hearted acharyas composed many scriptures by collecting elements from the Angasutras. The acharyas in the lineage composed Prakarana scriptures by collecting elements of various subjects fromthe Agam scriptures. many suck prakarana scriptures are existent today. Among these the knowledge of Jeevvichar, Navtattva, Dandak, Sangrahni, Three Bhashyas, Six Karmagranths, Kshetrasamas, Brihat Sangrahni etc. is very much essential to become familiar with Jain-dootrines. Even today the study of these Prakarna scriptures is widespread in the Jain Sangh The ascetics and nuns who don't have the right or ability for reading the Agamas can also become great shcolars of scriptural elements after studying the prakarana scriptures. By the knowledge of these scriptures, one's faith in Jainism increases and gets strengthened. A scholar of prakarna scriptures is neither amazed by the miraculous scientific inventions in the present age, nor he looses faith in Jainism. His soul becomes more and more pure virtues such as humility, graveness, tolerance etc. increase in his life. He becomes firm in executing religious activities. His indifference develops. As a result, he can attain good soul-prosperity. That's why the study of prakarana scriptures is very essential in the path of sould prosperity. I have attempted to put forth the collection of elements of prakaranas in the feet of the Sandh by the grace of gurudev. In this book I have tried to focus light on the elements of Jeev-vichar and Navtattva. After the completion of elements, the gaathas of the prakaranas and their titeral meanings are also given at the end for the benefit of the readers. The readers have to understand these elements from gurudev, cram them and revise them again and again. In this way only the knowledge of elements would become firm and stable. Formerly, this book was published in gujarati. But, nowadways I came in contact of many teenagers who couldn't or write gujarati. This was due to their education in english medium. Among these, many were tallented and had affection for religion in their heart. I wanted to enlighten their soulds also with the knowledge of elements. For this, english translation of the gujarati book Along with the knowledge of Sanskrit Grammar and logic scriptures, if one has learned the above mentioned prakarana scriptures, he can easily read the Agam scriptures. Those who lack the knowledge of these prakarana scriptures and in attaining their prefect hidden meanings, even if they are scholars of grammar and logic. Thus, in the absence of the knowledge of prakarana scriptures, one has to keep himself away from the true knowledge of Agamas.

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INDEX was very much necessary. Efforts were made for this and atlast an english translation was writeen, which is published in this book. It was been throughout checked by Sir Natvarlal shah of Vadodara. I am very grateful to him at his moment. No. Subject Page No 1. Elements of Jeev-vichar 2. I fimly believe that by the study of this book many people would attain the prefect knowledge of elements, they would strengthen their faith in Jainsim and develop emotions for attaining ascetism in their life. Gaathas and literal meanings of Jeev-vichar 3. Elements of Navtattva. 4. Gaathas and literal meanings of Nav-tattva. If any mistake has been left in this book due my lack of perfect knowledge or due to press-error and if anything has been written against Jainsim, I beg pardon for it, please, forgive me. I also request scholars to bring to my notice any errors seen inthis book, so that they canbe improved in the nect edition. - Acharya Hemchandrasuri Sixth day of the dark fortnight of the month Mrigsirsh in the Year V.S.2061, Pindwada.

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JEEV-VICHAR JEEV-VICHAR Three Powers :- Manbal (mental power), Vachanbal (vocal power), Kaaybal (physical power). There are two types of living beings. (1) (2) Jeev-VICHAR SANSARI - Those who are bound by the bonds of karma and are roaming in four classes of the mundane state. SIDDH - Those who have attained liberation. (A DISCUSSION ON LIVING BEINGS) (A collection of elements) The sansari living beings are of two types. The universe can be divided into two divisions, viz. (1) Livingbeings Nonliving beings. TRAS (mobile) Those (2) STHAVAR (immobile) who can migrate willingly Those who can't mifrom one place to an- grate willingly from one other when afflicted by place to another when heat etc. afflicted by heat etc. Beings possessing life-spirit are called livingbeings - JEEV. Jeev is also called Prani. Beings possessing PRAN (vitality) are called PRANI (animate beings). There are two types of prans. STHAVAR DIVISIONS OF STHAVAR Prithvikaay Apkaay Teukaay Sukshma Badar Sukshma Badar Sukshma Badar 1) DRAVYA PRAN 2) BHAV PRAN (vitality of body) (vitality of soul) They can be further Darshan (faith), divided into ten Gnan (knowledge), sections - five senses, Charitra (conduct) three powers, etc. respiration, life. Five Senses - Sparshnendriya (skin), Rasnendriya (tongue), Ghranendriya (nose). Chakshurindriya (eyes). Shrotrendriya (ears). Vaukaay Vanaspatikaay Sukshma Badar Pratyek Sadharan Badar Sukshma Badar [Pratyek vanaspatikaay are only badar, but not sukshma.)

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JEEV-VICHAR JEEV-VICHAR Thus, there are eleven divisions. Each of them can be further divided into two types, namely Paryapta and Aparyapta. Thus, there are twenty two divisions of Sthavar. Beneath hells, there is ghanodadhi and beneath it there are layers of these two types of winds.) (5) VANASPATIKAAY - Livingbeings who have vegetation as their body are called Vanaspatikaay. SUKSHMA - When the living beings can't be been by our leather eyes, even if countless bodies of infinite living beings are assembled together, then they are called Sukshma. (They are widespread in the entire universe). They are of two types : 1) Pratyek Vanaspatikaay. 2) Sadharan Vanaspatikaay. Pratyek - When there is a single soul in a single body, the livingbeing is called Pratyek. For e.g. trees, fruits, skin, trunks of trees, roots, leaves etc. Sadharan - When there are infinite souls in a single body, the livingbeings are called Sadharan. For e.g. onion, sprout, moss, fungus, green ginger, wet turmeric, kunvar (a kind of herb), thor (a thorny plant), potato etc. PECULIARITIES TO IDENTIFY SADHARAN VANASPATIKAAY (2) 1) Joints, the portion between two joints, fibres are hidden. BADAR - When a single or two or countable or countless bodies of living beings, assembled together, can be seen by our leather eyes, then the livingbeings are called Badar (except Badar Vaukaay.) (1) PRITHVIKAAY - Living-beings who have the prithvi (earth) itself as their body are called Prithvikaay. For e.g. quartz, coral, diamonds, gems such as ruby, cinnabar, mercury, metals such as gold, earth, salt, chalk, different kinds of stones, antimony, mica, etc. APKAAY - Livingbeings who have water itself as their body are called Apkaay. For e.g. water from earth, water from sky (rainwater), dew, ice, hail, water oozing out on plants, fog, ghanodadhi etc. (Ghanodadhi is solid water beneath the heavens and the hells.) (3) TEUKAAY - Livingbeings who have fire itself as their body are called Teukaay. For e.g. burning coal, spark, blaze, the line of light caused by a falling star, light ening, lamplight, tubelight etc. (4) VAUKAAY - Living-beings who have the wind itself as their body are called Vaukaay. For e.g. wind blowing at heights, wind blowing on land, whirlwind, noisy wind, ghanwaat, tanwaat etc. (Ghanwaat, Tanwaat 2) On cutting they can be divided into two even parts. 3) After cutting, if sown they grow again. PARYAPTA - Livingbeings who have completed paryaptis proper for them or would complete them before their death are called Paryapta. APARYAPTA - Livingbeings who haven't completed paryaptis proper for them or would die without completing them are called Aparyapta. PARYAPTI - The power by which matter can be taken and transformed is called Paryapti.

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JEEV-VICHAR Six TYPES OF PARYAPTIS * 1) Jeev-VICHAR After that within fortyeight minutes Indriyaparyapti is completed. After that within fortyeight minutes Shvashochhvasparyapti is completed. After that within fortyeight minutes Bhashaparyapti is completed. After that within fortyeight minutes Manahparyapti is completed. * 2) * IN VAIKRIYA BODY AND AHAARAK BODY Ahaar-Paryapti - The power by which a livingbeing takes food particles and transforms them into extract and excreta is called Ahaar-paryapti. Shareer-Paryapti - The power by which a livingbeing builts its body consisting of seven chief substances from the extract is called Shareer-paryapti. Indriya-Paryapti - The power by which a livingbeing develops sense organs from the body is called Indriya-paryapti. Shvashochhvas-Paryapti - The power by which a livingbeing takes respiratory particles, executes respiration and discharges them is called Shvashochhvas-paryapti. Bhasha-Paryapti - The power by which a livingbeing takes vocal particles, executes them as speech and discharges them is called Bhasha-paryapti. * 4) 5) Ahaar-paryapti is completed on the very first moment of existence. After that within fortyeight minutes Shareer-paryapti is completed. After that the next moment Indriya-paryapti is completed. After that the next moment Shvashochhvas-paryapti is completed. After that the next moment Bhasha-paryapti is completed. After that the next moment Manah-paryapti is completed. * Manah Paryapti. The power by which a livingbeing takes mental particles, executes them as thoughts and discharges them is called Manah-paryapti. TIME_OF PARYAPTIS IN AUDAARIKBODY (THE NATURAL BODY OF HUMANBEINGS, ANIMALS AND PLANTS) * Ahaar-paryapti is completed on the very first moment of existence. * After that within fortyeight minutes Shareerparyapti is completed. FIVE TYPES OF BODIES OF LIVINGBEINGS The bodies of livingbeings residing in this world are of five types. 1) Audaarik Body - It is made of audaarik particles.

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JEEV-VICHAR JEEV-VICHAR 2) 3) Humanbeings and Animatebeings (sthavar and animals) possess this body. Vaikriya BodyIt is made of vaikriya particles. Celestial beings, infernal beings, and humanbeings, animals and paryapta badar vaukaay, possessing the power of creating this body, possess this body. Aahaarak Body - It is made of aahaarak particles. When the ascetics, who possess the knowledge of fourteen purvas, have doubts in elementary thinking or when they desire to visualize the grandeur of samavasaran an extraordinary building built by the celestialbeings where tirthankars reside and deliver speeches), they develop this body and go near the Lord in Mahavideh-kshetra. Taijas Body - It is made of taijas particles. All the sansari livingbeings possess this body. It serves as a cause to digest the eaten food. Karman Body - The collection of karmas which has stuck on the soul is called the karman body. This body is also possessed by all sansari livingbeings. A livingbeing migrating to the next life takes the taijas body and karmanbody along with him. 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11) 12) 13) 14) 15) 16) 17) 18) 19) 20) 21) 22) Paryapta Badar Prithvikaay. Paryapta Badar Apkaay. Paryapta Badar Teukaay. Paryapta Badar Vaukaay. Paryapta Badar Pratyek Vanaspatikaay. Paryapta Badar Sadharan Vanaspatikaay. Aparyapta Sukshma Prithvikaay. Aparyapta Sukshma Apkaay. Aparyapta Sukshma Teukaay. Aparyapta Sukshma Vaukaay. Aparyapta Sukshma Sadharan Vanaspatikaay. Aparyapta Badar Prithvikaay. Aparyapta Badar Apkaay. Aparyapta Badar Teukaay. Aparyapta Badar Vaukaay. Aparyapta Badar Pratyek Vanaspatikaay. Aparyapta Badar Sadharan Vanaspatikaay. 5) NAMES OF THE 22 TYPES OF STHAVARS 1) Paryapta Sukshma Prithvikaay. 2) Paryapta Sukshma Apkaay. 3) Paryapta Sukshma Teukaay. 4) Paryapta Sukshma Vaukaay. 5) Paryapta Sukshma Sadharan Vanaspatikaay. Among these there are : 10 Sukshmas OR 11 Paryaptas & 12 Badars & 11 Aparyaptas OR Prithvikaay The sthavars Apkaay are also called Teukaay ekendriya, Vaukaay (livingbeings Vanaspatikaay possessing just a single sense organ i.e. skin)

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Jev-VICHAR JEEV-VICHAR TRASKAAY The tras livingbeings can be divided into four sections. Tribal names 1) Beindriya. 2) Teindriya. NAARKI Names of seven kinds of earth 1) Ratnaprabha 2) Sharkaraprabha 3) Valukaprabha 7 paryapta + 4) Pankprabha 7 aparyapta 5) Dhoomprabha 14 types. 6) Tamahprabha 7) Mahatamahprabha Dhamma Vansha Shaila Anjana Rishta Magha Maaghvati 3) Chaurindriya. 4) Panchendriya. * Beindriya, Teindriya and Chaurindriya are collectively called Vikalendriya. 1) BEINDRIYA . Livingbeings who possess two sense organs - skin and tongue- are called Beindriya. For e.g. bellyworms, woodworms, conch, seashells, worms produced in the food of the previous day, etc. 2) TEINDRIYA - Livingbeings who possess three sense organs - skin, tongue, and nose - are called Teindriya. For e.g. ants, ial (a kind of worm), louse, bug, centipede, gingoda (worms produced in the bodies of dogs) etc. Beneath our earth there are naraks (hells). Causes of binding narkaayushya (life of hell) are as follows. developing and running big industries, hoardings of great wealth, violent thoughts, killing panchendriya livingbeings, meat-eating etc. In hell, livingbeings endure terrible pains of heat, cold, thirst, hunger, disease, burning sensation, grief, fright etc. PANCHENDRIYA TIRYANCH They are of three types 3) CHAURINDRIYA - Livingbeings who possess four sense organs - skin, tongue, nose, eyes - are called Chaurindriya. For e.g. scorpion, locust, wasp, honeybee, fly, mosquito etc. (3 Paryapta + 3 Aparyapta = Totally 6 Types. PANCHENDRIYA CAN BE DIVIDED INTO FOUR TYPES 1) Jalchar 2) Sthalchar 3) Khechar Naarki (Infernalbeings) Tiryanch (Animatebeings) 14 1) Chatushpad 2) Urahparisarp 3) Bhujparisarp. * JALCHAR - Livingbeings dwelling in water are called Jalchar. For e.g. fish, crocodile etc. * STHALCHAR - Livingbeings dwelling on land are called Sthalchar. * KHECHAR - Livingbeings who fly in the sky are called Khechar. For e.g. pigeon, sparrow, parrot, peacock etc. Manushya (Humanbeings) 303 Dev (Celestialbeings) 198

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JEEV-VICHAR JEEV-VICHAR CHATUSHPAD - Livingbeings with four limbs. e.g. elephant, cow, horse, bullock etc. URAHPARISARP - Livingbeings who crawl. e.g. snake, python etc. BHUJPARISARP - Livingbeings walking on forelimbs. e.g. rat, squirrel, lizard, mongoose etc. Jalchar 1 Garbhaj 5 Paryapta 10 Sthalchar 3 Sammurchhim 5 Aparyapta 10 Khechar 1 Total 10 Types 20 13) 14) 15) 16) 17) 18) 19) 20) Aparyapta Garbhaj Urahparisarp Aparyapta Garbhaj Bhujparisarp Aparyapta Garbhaj Khechar Aparyapta Sammurchhim Jalchar Aparyapta Sammurchhim Chatushpad Aparyapta Sammurchhim Urahparisarp Apatyapta Sammurchhim Bhujparisarp Aparyapta Sammurchhim Khechar 5 1) GARBHAJ - Livingbeings who are born from mother's womb due to the contact of their parents. SAMMURCHHIM - Livingbeings who are naturally born without the contact of parents. TWO TYPES OF KHECHAR Those who have featherwings - e.g. pigeon, sparrow, crow, parrot, peacock etc. Those who have leather wings - e.g. bat, flying fox etc. 2) 20 TYPES OF PANCHENDRIYA TIRYANCH TWO TYPES OF BIRDS FROM ANOTHER POINT OF VIEW. Paryapta Garbhaj Jalchar Paryapta Garbhaj Chatushpad Paryapta Garbhaj Urahparisarp Paryapta Garbhaj Bhujparisarp Paryapta Garbhaj Khechar Paryapta Sammurchhim Jalchar Paryapta Sammurchhim Chatushpad Paryapta Sammurchhim Urahparisarp Paryapta Sammurchhim Bhujparisarp Paryapta Sammurchhim Khechar Aparyapta Garbhaj Jalchar Aparyapta Garbhaj Chatushpad 1) Those with extended wings - Their wings are extended even when they fly or sit. 2) Those with closed wings - Their wings are closed even when they fly or sit. These two types of birds dwell outside the Manushya Lok (a region in which humanbeings can dwell). The two types of khechar haven't been counted among the 20 types of Panchendriya tiryanch. 5) 8) 9) 10) 11) MANUSHYA 12) The fourteen rajloks (world of livingbeings) are composed of three sections - the upper section is called

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JEEV-VICHAR 14 JEEV-VICHAR Urdhvalok, the lower section is called Adholok, the middle section is called Tirchhalok. The earth on which we reside is Tirchhalok. TIRCHHALOK - Jambudweep is in the centre of the tirchhalok. It's circular in shape with a diameter of one lakh yojans (a measure to measure space). Surrounding it from all the sides is ringshaped Lavansamudra. Its breadth is twice the diameter of Jambudweep. Surrounding it from all the sides is ringshaped Dhatkikhand. Its width is twice that of Lavansamudra. Surrounding it from all the sides is ringshaped Kalodadhisamudra. Its width is twice that of Dhatkikhand. Surrounding it from all the sides is ringshaped Pushkarvardweep. Its width is twice that of Kalodadhisamudra. Surrounding it from all the sides is ringshaped Pushkarvarsamudra. Its width is twice that of Pushkarvardweep. THE EXTENSION OF MANUSHYALOK Jambudweep 1 lakh yojans Combining both the sides Lavansamudra 4 lakh yojans Combining both the sides Dhatkikhand 8 lakh yojans Combining both the sides Kalodadhisamudra 16 lakh yojans Combining both the sides Pushkarvardweep 16 lakh yojans Combining both (Half) the sides Total 45 lakh Yojans Combining both the sides Humanbeings dwell only in Manushyalok. They can go out of it with the help of labdhi (an extraordinary power) or with the help of celestial beings, but their births and deaths never occur there. JAMBUDWEEP Jambudweep is divided into six mountains and seven kshetras (landscapes). They are respectively as follows from south to north. - LANDSCAPES MOUNTAINS 1) Bharat kshetra 1) Laghuhimvant parvat 2) Himvant kshetra 2) Mahahimvant parvat 3) Harivarsh kshetra 3) Nishadh parvat 4) Mahavideh kshetra 4) Neelvant parvat 5) Ramyak kshetra 5) Rukmi parvat 6) Hiranyavant kshetra 6) Shikhari parvat 7) Ayravat kshetra Similarly, there are countless dweeps (islands) and samudras (oceans). The last island is Swayambhuramandweep. Surrounding it is the last ocean - Swayambhuramansamudra. MANUSHYALOK - In the midst of Pushkarvardweep there is a ringshaped mountain called Manushottar parvat. The area within it is called Manushyalok. Thus, there are two and a half islands (Jambudweep, Dhatkikhand, Half Pushkarvardweep) and two oceans (Lavansamudra, Kalodadhisamudra) in Manushyalok.

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JEEV-VICHAR 15 The landscapes and mountains in Dhatkikhand are double in number to those in Jambudweep. The number of landscapes and mountains in half Pushkarvardweep is similar to that in Dhatkikhand. KARMABHUMI - The landscapes where the activities of asi (use of weapons), masi (business) and krishi (agriculture) are in practise are called Karmabhumis or the landscapes from where the livingbeings can attain emancipation are called Karmabhumis. In Jambudweep there are three Karmabhumis, viz 1) Bharatkshetra, AKARMABHUMI - The landscapes where the yugliks dwel are called Akarmabhumis. In these kshetras a couple of male and female is born together. After childhood, they become husband and wife. When their life is not more than six months, they give birth to another couple. Their death is due to sneezing, yawning etc. without any pain. After death they become guests of heaven. They don't have to perform jobs, business etc. Owing to their good fortune, there are kalpavrikshas (trees which fulfil desires) in those landscapes. The yugliks receive all the necessary things such as food, clothes, utensils, ornaments, musical instruments, gems etc. from them, without any efforts. There are such six Akarmabhumis in Jambudweep. - 2) Mahavidehkshetra, 3) Ayravatkshetra. 1) Himvant kshetra 3) Devkuru 5) Ramyak kshetra 2) Harivarsh kshetra 4) Uttarkuru 6) Hiranyavant kshetra. In the centre of Mahavideh kshetra, there is Meruparvat. (the tallest mountain). Uttarkuru is in the north of JEEV-VICHAR Meruparvat and Devkuru is in the south of Meruparvat. Totally there are three Karmabhumis and six Akarmabhumis in Jambudweep. In Dhatkikhand, there are six Karmabhumis and twelve Akarmabhumis. Similarly, there are six Karmabhumis and twelve Akarmabhumis in Pushkarvardweep. 16 So, there are totally fifteen Karmabhumis and thirty Akarmabhumis in the two and a half islands. 5 5 5 5 5 NAMES OF FIFTEEN KARMABHUMIS Bharatkshetras (1 in Jambudweep + 2 in Dhatkikhand + 2 in Pushkarvardweep) Ayravatkshetras Mahavidehkshetras (1 in Jambudweep + 2 in Dhatkikhand + 2 in Pushkarvardweep) (1 in Jambudweep + 2 in Dhatkikhand + 2 in Pushkarvardweep) NAMES OF THIRTY AKARMABHUMIS Devkurus Uttarkurus (1 in Jambudweep + 2 in Dhatkikhand + 2 in Pushkarvardweep) (1 in Jambudweep + 2 in Dhatkikhand + 2 in Pushkarvardweep)

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JEEV-VICHAR JEEV-VICHAR 5 101 Garbhaj Paryapta Manushya 101 Gharbhaj Aparyapta Manushya 101 Sammurchhim Aparyapta Manushya. 303 types 5 Totally Harivarshkshetras (1 in Jambudweep + 2 in Dhatkikhand + 2 in Pushkarvardweep) Ramyakkshetras (1 in Jambudweep + 2 in Dhatkikhand + 2 in Pushkarvardweep) Himvantkshetras (1 in Jambudweep + 2 in Dhatkikhand + 2 in Pushkarvardweep) Hiranyavantkshetras (1 in Jambudweep + 2 in Dhatkikhand + 2 in Pushkarvardweep) 5 5 56 ANTARDWEEPS - From the eastern and the western ends of Laghuhimvantparvat and Shikhriparvat two-two pieces of lands in the shape of molartooth have projected in Lavansamudra. Totally there are eight such pieces. There are seven-seven islands on each of them. Thus, there are 56 islands overall. They are called Antardweeps. DIVISIONS OF MANUSHYA 15 Manushyas of Karmabhumis 30 Manushyas of Akarmabhumis 56 Manushyas of Antardweeps. 101 Total types Each of these 101 types are further divided into two subdivisions namely garbhaj and sammurchhim. Thus the total comes to 202. Again each of the garbhaj manushyas are further divided into two subdivisions - paryapta and aparyapta. The sammurchhim manushyas don't have any subdivisions because they are aparyapta only. Thus, the total of divisions of manushyas is 303. Q. Where are the Sammurchhim Manushyas produced and what are their features ? Ans. - Sammurchhim Manushyas are produced in urine, excreta, phlegm, dirt of nose, vomit, pus, blood, bile, semen, cough, mucus of nose, spittle, sweat, dirty places such as ditches of cities etc. When the abovementioned things get separated from a humanbody, an antarmuhurat (within 48 mins.) later countless sammurchhim manushyas are produced in them. Their life span is of an antarmuhurat. Their height is of angul (width of a finger) + countless. They die before completing the paryaptis proper for them. KILLING OF SAMMURCHHIM MANUSHYAS AND THEIR PROTECTION Leaving food after eating, removing urine and excreta in gutters, spitting spittle and phlegm anywhere in the way, putting a glass after drinking water again in the pot without drying it, countless sammurchhim manushyas are produced in those things after antarmuhurat. After their production the cycle of their births and deaths continues. So, everyone must be very careful to protect them. After eating one should clean the vessels with water, drink that water, dry the vessels with a piece of cloth, wash the piece of cloth with water in a vessel and pour the water on ground separately. One should go to toilet in open ground out of the village or city. One should remove urine in a spacious area so that it dries within fortyeight mins.

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JEEV-VICHAR 20 JEEV-VICHAR MANUSHYA LOK One should mix the spittle, phlegm etc. in sand. One should take water from a pot by a dry glass and after drinking water he should dry it. One should dry the clothes wet by perspiration. By practising such deeds one can save the sammurchhim manushyas, and thus save his own soul from their killing. TIRCHHA LOK Jamb bu Dweel aran Samudra Dhakti Khand bu alodadhi Samudra got Kome Half Pushkar Dweep Kapeshostar Mountain Sachi Sam lear ke Sande yambhuramen & Pethuraman Sant SRO 9972 dan Dweep Samudra

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JEEV-VICHAR JEEV-VICHAR JAMBUDWEEP 56 ANTARDWEEPS Antardweeps South Ayravat kshetra Deergh Vaitadhya Parvat North Ayravat kshetra Shikhri Parvat Lavan Samudra Antardweeps Vrittvaitadhya Hiranyavant kshetra O Rukmi Parvat 69 Ayravatkshetra Ramyak kshetra O Vrittvaitadhya Shikhri Parvat Neelvant Parvat Uttarkuru Mahavideh (Me) kshetra Devkuru Nishadh Parvat Harivarsh kshetra O Vrittvaitadhya Jambu Meru dweep Y ou Hinant Parvat Bharatkshetra Maha Himant Parvat Himvant kshetra O Vrittvaitadhya Laghu Himant Parvat North Bharat kshetra Deergh Vaitadhya Parvat South Bharat kshetra Antardweeps Antardweeps

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JEEV-VICHAR DEV (DEITIES) They can be divided into four principle divisions 1) 25 Bhavanpati, 3) 10 Jyotish, 1) Bhavanpati 2) Vyantar 3) Jyotish 4) Vaimanik 2) 26 Vyantar, 4) 38 Vaimanik. 15 10 25 8 8 10 26 5 5 10 Parmadhami Asurkumar etc. Total Vyantar Vanvyantar Tiryagjrumbhak Total Char Achar Total Kalpopanna Kalpatit Total 23 24 14 38 PARMADHAMI They are the celestial beings who impose torture on the infernal beings of hell. They harass the infernal beings only due to curiosity and doing so, they become happy. They belong to the category of Asurnikaay, but due to the prominence of the work done by them, they are counted separately. BHAVANPATI - The thickness of the earth on which we are dwelling is 1,80, 000 yojans. From these, removing 1000 yojans up and 1000 yojans below, 10 types of Bhavanpati deities such as Asurkumar etc reside in the middle 1,78, 000 yojans. They are extremely happy there. VYANTAR - Among the first 1000 yojans of the earth Ratnaprabha, removing 100 yojans above and 100 yojans 24 JEEV-VICHAR below, there are marvellous and fascinating cities of vyantar deities in the middle 800 yojans. VANVYANTAR - This is a subdivision of Vyantar. Among the first 100 yojans of the earth Ratnaprabha, removing 10 yojans above and 10 yojans below, there are dwelling places of vanvyantar deities in the middle 80 yojans. TIRYAGJRUMBHAK- They also belong to the Vyantar speices. They shower wealth, grains, diamonds, gold, gems etc. in the houses of Lord Tirthankars during their birth etc. JYOTISH - Jyotish vimans (dwelling places of celestialbeings) are located within a span of 110 yojans from 790 yojans to 900 yojans above the surface of earth. They are of five types 1) the moon, 2) the sun, 3) the planet, 4) the constellation, 5) the star. The moon etc. which we visualize are vimans. Celestialbeings reside in them and live a delightful life. CHAR The Jyotish vimans of the moon etc. which are inside the two and a half dweeps and are revolving around the Meruparvat are called Char. ACHAR - The Jyotish vimans of the moon etc. which are outside the two and a half dweeps and are standstill are called Achar. LOCATIONS OF THE MOON ETC. The existence of stars is at 790 yojans above the earthsurface. After them, 10 yojans above, the suns are dwelling. After them, 80 yojans above, the moons are dwelling. * After them, 4 yojans above, the constellations are dwelling. After them, 16 yojans above, the planets are dwelling.

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26 JEEV-VICHAR JEEV-VICHAR VAIMANIK - Countless yojans above the jyotishvimans where a raj (a measure to measure space) is completed from the earth surface, the vimans of Vaimanik deities start. KALPOPANNA - The heavens of vaimaniks where there is an arrangement of Indra, Samanik, (deities equal to Indra), commander-in-chief, army, assembly etc. are called Kalpopanna heavens. They are of 24 types: 12 Devloks 9 Lokantiks 3 Kilbishiyas Total 24 types KALPATIT 9 Grayveyak 5 Anuttar Total 14 types Above the 12 heavens, there are 9 vimans of 9 grayveyaks. Above them, there are five vimans of anuttar in a single plane - one in the middle and four in the four directions. TOTAL DIVISIONS OF DEITIES Bhavanpati Vyantar 26 99 Paryapta Jyotish 99 Aparyapta Vaimanik 198 Types Total 99 12 DEVLOKS (HEAVENS) 1) Saudharma, 5) Brahmalok, 9) Anat, 2) Ishaan, 6) Lantak, 10) Pranat, 3) Sanatkumar, 7) Mahashukra, 11) Aran, 4) Mahendra, 8) Sahasrar, 12) Achyut. 9 LOKANTIKS :- They dwell in the fifth heaven. From there they would attain humanlife and then attain liberation. So, lok = sansar, ant = end, they are at the end of sansar and are thus called Lokantik. When the Lord tirthankars accept ascetism, Lokantik deities come, a year before, to request them to accept ascetism. The Lords themselves are aware of their time to renounce the world. But it's a custom of the lokantik dieties, so, they have to fulfil it. KILBISHIYAS - Deities who are mean like scavengers are called Kilbishiyas. They dwell beneath the first, second, third, fourth and sixth heavens. 20 TOTAL DIVISIONS OF SANSARI LIVINGBEINGS. Sthavar (Ekendriya) Vikalendriya Narak Panch. Triyanch Manushya 303 Dev (Deities) 198 Total 563 Types NOW WE SHALL DISCUSS ABOUT FIVE FEATURES OF LIVINGBEINGS 1) Bodyheight or bodylength 2) Lifespan, 3) Kaaysthiti, Pran, Yoni. 4)

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JEEV-VICHAR NAARKI Dhanushyas Hands Hell Anguls First Second Third Fourth Fifth Sixth Seventh 125 250 500 MANUSHYA Utsarpini JEEV-VICHAR 1) BODYHEIGHT / BODYLENGTH MINIMUM . The height of all the livingbeings at the first moment of existence is angul countless MAXIMUM. Badar Pratyek Vanaspatikaay - more than 1000 yojans. * Rest Sthavars- angul countless Beindriya - 12 yojans Teindriya 3 Gaus Chaurindriya - 1 yojan * Aparyapta Sammurchhim Manushya- angul countless PANCHENDRIYA TIRYANCH Garbhaj Jalchar 1000 Yojans Garbhaj Urahparisarp 1000 Yojans Garbhaj Bhujparisarp 2 to 9 Gaus Garbhaj Chatushpad 6 Gaus Garbhaj Khechar 2 to 9 Dhanushyas Sammurchhim Jalchar 1000 Yojans Sammurchhim Urahparisarp 2 to 9 Yojans Sammurchhim Bhujparisarp 2 to 9 Dhanushyas Sammurchhim Chatushpad 2 to 9 Gaus Sammurchhim Khechar 2 to 9 Dhanushyas Fishes with maximum length are seen in Swayambhuraman ocean. Snakes, lizards etc. with maximum lengths are seen outside the two and a half dweeps. Elephants with maximum heights are seen in Devkuru and Uttarkuru. Avsarpini First era Second era Third era Fourth era Fifth era Sixth era Sixth era Fifth era Fourth era Third era Second era First era Body height 3 Gaus 2 Gaus 1 Gau 500 Dhanushyas 7 Hands 2 Hands DIETIES Bhavanpati Vyantar Jyotish First - Second Heaven Third - Fourth Heaven Fifth - Sixth Heaven Seventh - Eighth Heaven Ninth to Twelveth Heaven Nine Grayveyaks Five Anuttars 7 Hands 7 Hands 7 Hands 7 Hands 6 Hands 5 Hands 4 Hands 3 Hands 2 Hands 1 Hand

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JEEV-VICHAR UTTAR - VAIKRIYA BODY: A body, different from the original body, developed by deities, infernal beings, labdhi-possessing humanbeings and animate beings occasionaly is called Uttar-vaikriya body. 1) Naarki 2) Tiryanch 3) Manushya 4) Deities 8 barleys 12 anguls 2 spans 4 hands - double the original body - 200 to 900 yojans. 1 lakh yojans + 4 anguls - 1 lakh yojans TABLE OF MEASURES = 1 angul (finger) = 1 span = 1 hand = 1 dhanushya (bow) 2000 dhanushyas = 1 gau (Nearly 11/2 miles) 4 gaus = 1 yojan 29 2) LIFESPAN The time limit for which a livingbeing dwels in a body is called lifespan. MINIMUM Deities, Naarkis - 10,000 years. Rest - Antarmuhurat MAXIMUM Sukshma living beings Sadharan Vanaspatikaay Sammurchhim Manushya Aparyapta Paryapta Badar Prithvikaay Paryapta Badar Apkaay Paryapta Badar Teukaay Paryapta Badar Vaukaay Paryapta Badar Pratyek Vanaspatikaay - antarmuhurat - antarmuhurat - antarmuhurat - antarmuhurat - 22,000 years - 7,000 years - 3 daynights - 3,000 years 10,000 years 30 Beindriya Teindriya Chaurindriya PANCHENDRIYA TIRYANCH 12 years 49 days 6 months Garbhaj Jalchar Garbhaj Urahparisarp Garbhaj Bhujparisarp Garbhaj Chatushpad Garbhaj Khechar Sammurchhim Jalchar 1 crore purva Sammurchhim Urahparisarp 53,000 years Sammurchhim Bhujparisarp 42,000 years Sammurchhim Chatushpad 84,000 years Sammurchhim Khechar 72,000 years Avsarpini First era Second era Third era Fourth era Fifth era Sixth era MANUSHYA JEEV-VICHAR 1 crore purva* 1 crore purva 1 crore purva 3 palyopam* palyopam countless lifespan 3 palyopams 2 palyopams 1 palyopam 1 crore purva 130 years 20 years In Utsarpini, exactly opposite should be known. * In Devkuru and Uttarkuru there is always first era. In Harivarsh kshetra and Ramyak kshetra there is always second era. * In Himvant kshetra and Hiranyavant kshetra there is always third era. In Mahavidehkshetra there is always fourth era. +1 purva = 7,05,60,00,00,00,000 years. 1 palyopam = countless years.

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Jazy-VICHAR 32 Jeev-VICHAR 3) KAAYSTHITI The time-limit for which a livingbeing takes birth in the same type, after death, incessantly is called Kaaysthiti. Hells Maximum Countless Kaalchakras First Second Third Fourth Fifth Sixth Seventh NAARKI Minimum 10,000 years 1 sagropam 3 sapropam 7 sapropam 10 sagropam 17 sagropam 22 sagropam 1 sagropam 3 sagropam 7 sagropam 10 sagropam 17 sapropam 22 sagropam 33 sagropam Infinite Kaalchakras Prithvikaay to Pratyek Vanaspatikaay Sadharan Vanaspatikaay Vikalendriya Manushya, Panchendriya Tiryanch Countable years 7-8 lives Deities - Naarkis 1 life DEITIES Minimum Maximum 10,000 years More than a sagropam 10,000 years 1 palyopam 1/8 palyopam 1 palyopam + 1 lakh yrs 1 palyopam 33 sagropam Types Bhavanpati Vyantar Jyotish Vaimanik i.e. deities and naarkis never take birth as deities or naarkis in the very next life. PALYOPAM - Dig a circular well, a yojan deep and a yojan in diameter. Make countless pieces of the hairs of the yugliks. Fill the well closely with the hair - pieces. Take out a single piece after every hundred years. The total time taken to empty the well in this way is called one Palyopam. 10 x crore x crore palyopams = 1 Sagropam 10 X crore x crore sagropams = 1 Utsarpini 10 x crore x crore sagropams = 1 Avsarpini 20 x crore x crore sagropams = 1 Kaalchakra Infinite Kaalchakras = 1 Pudgal Paravart 4) PRAN (VITALITY) * EKENDRIYA (4 Prans) :- 1) Skin, 2) Physical power, 3) Respiration, 4) Life * BEINDRIYA (6 Prans) :- 1) Skin, 2) Tongue, 3) Physical power, 4) Vocal power, 5) Respiration, 6) Life. * TEINDRIYA (7 Prans) - Abovementioned 6 + Nose * CHAURINDRIYA (8 Prans)- Abovementioned 7 + Eyes ASANGNI PANCHENDRIYA (9 Prans) :(Panchendriyas without mental power) Abovementioned 8 + Ears SANGNI PANCHENDRIYA (10 Prans). (Panchendriyas with mental power) Abovementioned 9 + Mental power.

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JEEV-VICHAR 34 JEEV-VICHAR LITERAL MEANINGS OF THE GAATHAS OF JEEV-VICHAR PARYAPTI * EKENDRIYA (4) :- 1) Ahaar, 2) Shareer, 3) Indriya, 4) Shvashochhvas. * VIKALENDRIYA (5) Abovementioned 4 * ASANGNI PANCHENDRIYA + Bhasha * SANGNI PANCHENDRIYA (6) - Abovementioned 5 + Manah. 5) YONI The places where the livingbeings are produced are called Yonis. There are countless places for the production of livingbeings. But many places with similar colour, smell, taste and touch have been included in a single yoni. So, the yonis are 84 lakhs. Prithivikaay 7 lakhs Apkaay 7 lakhs Teukaay 7 lakhs Vaukaay 7 lakhs Pratyek Vanaspatikaay 10 lakhs Sadharan Vanaspatikaay 14 lakhs Beindriya 2 lakhs Teindirya 2 lakhs Chaurindriya 2 lakhs Deities 4 lakhs Naarkis 4 lakhs Panchendriya Tiryanch 4 lakhs Manushya 14 lakhs Total 84 lakhs Elements of Jeev-vichar are completed. bhavaNa-paIvaM vIraM namiUNa bhaNAmi abraha-bohatya T jIva-sarve kiMci vi, jaha bhaNiyaM puva-sUrIhiM Ill 1) Lord Mahaveer is like a lamp in the universe. After bowing to him, I tell the nature of livingbeings in short, as narrated by the late acharyas, for the knowledge of ignorant livingbeings. jIvA muttA saMsAriNo ya, tasa thAvarA ya saMsArI ! puTavi jala jalaNa vAu, vaNasaI thAvarA neyA rizI 2) There are livingbeings of two types - Mukta and Sansari. phalihamaNirayaNa viduma, hiMgula hariyAla maNasila rasiMdA kaNagAI dhAu seTI, vanniya araNeya palevA Ilal 3) Sansari livingbeings are again of two types - Tras and Sthavar. Prithvikaay(Earth), Apkaay(water), Teukaay(fire), Vaukaay(wind), and Vanaspatikaay (vegetation) are Sthavars. abhaya tUrI Ursa, mI-pAhANa-jaIo bhegA | sovIraMjaNa lUNAI, puDhavi-bheAI IccAI III 4) Quartz, gems, ruby, cinnabar, hadtal, mansheel, mercury, metals such as gold, chalk, redclay, arneto, parevo, mica, tejanturi, soda, clay, different types of stones, antimony, salt etc. are different kinds of Prithvikaay. bhoyaMtarikha-mudagaM, osA hima karaga haritaNuM mahiA hRti ghaNodahimAI, bhesANegA ca Aumsa ApI 5) Water from earth, rainwater, dew, ice, hail, water

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JEEV-VICHAR 36. oozing out on plants, fog, ghonodadhi etc. are dif ferent kinds of Apkaay. IMgAla jAla mummara, ukkAsaNi kaNagavijubhAIA 1 agaNi-jiyANaM bheyA, nAyabrA niuNa-buddhIe idA 6) Burning coal, flame, spark, the line of light caused by a falling star, lightening etc. are different kinds of Teukaay to be known with sharp intelligence. ubhAmaga ukkaliyA, maMDali maha suddha guMjavAyA yaT ghaNa-taNu-vAyAIo, bheyA khalu vAukAyasa loll 7) Wind blowing at heights, wind blowing on land, whirlwind, bigwind, ghanvat, tanvat etc. are different kinds of Vaukaay. sAhAraNa patteA, vaNassaIjIvA duhA sue bhaNiyA jesimahaMtANaM taNU egA sAhAraNA te u illi Jev-VICHAR IccAINo aNage, havaMti bhayA asaMtakAyANaM ! tesiM parijaNaNatya, lakhaNa-meya sue bhaNie ll11|| 11) There are many such types of anantkaays. Fea tures described in scriptures to identify them are as follows : gUTasira-saMdhi-pavuM, samabhaMga-mahIsagaM ca chinnaeA sAhAraNe sarIra, tavivarIe ca patteya ll1 12) Joints, portion between two joints, fibres are hidden. They can be divided evenly. After cutting if sown they grow again. Such is the body of Sadharan Vanaspatikaay. Contradictory is that of Pratyek Vanaspatikaay. ega sarIre ego, jIvo jesiM tu te ya padyA . phala phUla chali kaDhA, mUlaga pattANi bIyANi II1all 13) Those who have a single livingbeing in a single body are called Pratyek Vanaspatikaay. e.g. fruits, flowers, skin, stem, roots, leaves, seeds etc. patteyataruM mukhta, paMca vi puTavAINo sayala loe 1 suhumA havaMti niyamA, aMtamuhurAu addhissA ll14ll 14) Except Pratyek Vanaspatikaay the rest Sukshma livingbeings such as Prithvi etc. are widespread in the entire universe. Their lifespan is of antarmuhurat. They are invisible. saMkha kavaca gaMDula, jaloya caMdaNaga alasa lahagAI | mehari kimi pUaragA, beIMdiya mAryavAhAI ll15ll 15) Conch, seashells, gandul, jalo, aksh, earthworm, laliya etc., mehri, bellyworms, pora, chudel etc.,are Beindriya livingbeings. 8) Vanaspati livingbeings are predicated of two types in scriptures namely - Sadharan and Pratyek. A single body of infinite livingbeings is called Sadharan. They are as followskaMdA aMkara kisalaya, paNagA sevAla bhUmiphoDA yA allayatiya gajjara mo- vatthalA thega palaMkA III komala phle ca savva, gUDhasirAI siNAI-pattAIM. thohari kuMAri guggali, galoya pamuhAI chinnaruhA ll10nA 9-10) Onion, sprout, tendershoot of plants, moss, fun gus, bhumisfot, green ginger, wet turmeric, kachuro, carrot, moth, vathula, theg, pallank, all types of tender fruits, leaves of jute with hidden fibres, thor, kunvaar, guggal, galo etc.

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JEEV-VICHAR 38 gomI maMkaNa jUA, pipIli udehiyA ca makkoDA Iliya ghayamillIo, sAvaya gokIDa jAIo ll1aaaa gaddaha, corakIDA, gomayakIDA ya dhannakIDA cA kaMtha govAliya naliyA teiMdiya iMdagovAI ll1all 16-17) Centipede, bug, louse, ant, termite, blackant, ial, ghimel, sava, gingoda, gaddhaiya, excretaworms, dungworms, grainworms, kanthva, gopalika, snail etc. are Teindriya livingbeings. cauridiyA ya viccha, TiMkaNa bhamarA ya bhamariyA tijJA ma7iya iMsA masagA, kaMsArI kavila DolAI 18l 18) Scorpion, mosquito, wasp, bee, locust, fly, dans, cricket, spider, grasshopper etc. are Chaurindriya livingbeings. paMciMdiyA ya cIhA, nAraya tiriyA maNasa devA ya T neraNA satavihA, nAyabrA pUDhavi-bheeNe I19II 19) Panchendriya livingbeings are of four types - naarki (infernal beings), tiryanch (antimate beings), manushya (human beings), dev (deities). Due to seven types of earths, naarkis are also of seven types. jalayara thalayara khayarA, tivihA paMciMdiyA tirikhA yaT susumAra maccha kacchava, gAhA magarA ya jalacArI IlRoll 20) Panchendriya tiryanch are of 3 types - Jalchar (aquatic), Sthalchar(living on land), and Khechar (birds). Susumaar, fish, tortoise, alligator, crocodile etc. are jalchars. caupaya uraparisappA, bhayaparisappA ya thalacarA tivihA ! go-sapa-naula-pamuhA, bodhavA te samAseNe ravA 21) Sthalchars are of 3 types - Chatushpad (with four JEEV-VICHAR limbs), Urahparisarp(crawling) and Bhujparisarp (walking with forelimbs). They are cow, snake, mongoose etc. respectively. khayarA romayapakhI, cammacAkhI ya pAyaDA jevI naralogAo bAhiM, samuccapakhI viyayapakakhI rA 22) Birds with feather-wings and leather-wings are wellknown. Birds with closed wings and extended wings are seen out of manushyalok. sarve jala-cala-khayarA, samucchimAM gabhayA duhA huMti ! kammA-kammagabhUmi-aMtaradIvA maNusA ya ll2all 23) Each of Jalchars, Sthalchars and Khechars are of two types - Sammurchhim (naturally produced) and Garbhaj(produced from mother's womb). Manushyas are of three types dwelling in Karmabhumis, dwelling in Akarmabhumis and dwelling in Antarpweeps. dasahA bhavasAhivaI, aDhavihA vANamaMtarA hRti | joIsiyA paMcavihA, duvihA vemANiyA devA li24|| 24) Bhavanpatis are of 10 types, Vyantars are of eight types, Jyotish are of five types and Vaimaniks are of two types. siddhA panarasa-bheyA, tisthA-tisthAI siddha-bheeNe ! ee saMkheveNaM, jIva-vigappA samakakhAyA li25ll 25) The siddhas (liberated souls) are of fifteen types such as Tirthsiddh, Atirthsiddh etc. Thus, types of livingbeings have been described. eesiM jIvANuM, sarIra-mA kiMI sakAyaMmi ! pANA-joNi-pamANe, jesiM je asthi te bhaNimo ll26aaaa 26) Now, I shall describe the bodies (body heights),

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JEEV-VICHAR lifespans, kaaysthitis, prans and yonipraman of these (above mentioned) livingbeings. aMgula-asaMkha-bhAgo, sarIra-meciMdiyANa sanvesiM 1 joyaNa-sahassa-mahiya, navaraM patteya-rukhANa lol 27) The bodylength of all the ekendriya livingbeings is angul + countless. But the body-length of pratyek vanaspatikaay is more than a thousand yojans. bArasa jIyaNa tinneva, gAuA joyaNaM ca aNukkamaso 1 beiMdiya teIMdiya, cauridiya deha-muccatta Il28. 28) The bodylengths of beindriya, teindriya and chaurindriya are twelve yojans, three gaus and one yojan respectively. dhaNasayapaMca-pamANA, neraIyA sattamAI puTavIe ! tatto alUNA, neyA rayaNauhA jAva l29ll The bodyheight of the naarkis of the seventh hell is five hundred dhanushyas (bows). The bodyheights of the naarkis in the previous hells till Ratnaprabha are half-half. joyaNa sahassamANA, macchA uragA ya gabhayA phaMti 1 dhaNuha-puhurtA pakhIsu, bhayacArI gAua-puhud Il30mI The bodylength of fishes (jalchars) and garbhaj urahparisarp is thousand yojans. The bodylength of birds (khechars) is dhanushya prithaktva (a number between 2 and 9) and that of bhujparisarp is 2 to 9 gaus. khayarA dhaNuhapuhad, bhayagA uragA ya joyaNapuhud 1 gAuA puhura mittA, samucchimA caNDiyA bhaNiyA ll31|| 31) The body lengths of sammurchhim khechars and 40 JEEV-VICHAR sam.bhujparisarps is 2 to 9 dhanushyas, of sam urahparisarps is 2 to 9 yojans and of sam.chatushpads is 2 to 9 gaus. chacceva gAuAiM, caupayA gabhayA maNeyavAT kosatigaM ca maNasA, ukkosasarIra-mANeNaM |3rapI. 32) The bodylengths of garbhaj chatushpads is six gaus and of humanbeings is three gaus. IsANaMtasurANa, rayaNIo satta haMti uccatta duga juga duga cau geviDayuttare ikkikka-parihANI Il3Bll 33) The bodylength of deities till the second heaven is seven hands. After that one-one should be decreased in the next two, two, two, four heavens, grayveyaks and anuttars respectively. bAvIsA puTavIe, satta ca Aumsa titri vAussa ! vAsa sahassA dasa taru-gaNANa te tirAU ll34TI 34) The lifespan of prithvikaay is 22,000 yrs., of apkaay is 7,000 yrs. of vaukaay is 3,000 yrs. of pratyek vanaspatikaay is 10,000 yrs. and of teukaay is three daynights. vAsANi bArasAU, beiMdiyANaM teiMdiyANaM tu A auNApanna dizAi, caridazaM tu chammAsA ll35ll 35) The lifespan of beindriya is twelve yrs., of teindriya is 49 days and of chaurindriya is six months. sura-neraiyANa kiMI, ukkosA sAgarANi tittisaT caupaya tiriyamaNussA, ti#i ya paliovamA haMti Il3ghA 36) The maximum lifespan of deities and naarkis is 33 sagropams (countless yrs.), of chatushpads and manushyas is 3 palyopams (countless yrs.) 29.

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JEEV-VICHAR 41 JEEV-VICHAR dasahA jiyANa pANA, iMdiya UsAsa Au balarUvA ! eniMdiesu cIro, vigalesa cha satta ava II4rathI 42) The prans of livingbeings are of 10 types - five senses, respiration, life and three powers. Ekendriyas have four prans, viklendriyas have six, seven, eight prans respectively. asanni sanni paMciMdiesa, nava dasa kameNa bodhavA | tehiM saha viSpaogo, jIvANuM bhannae maraNa 4all 43) Asangni (without mind) panch. and sangni (with mind) panch. have respectively nine and ten prans. Separation of prans is called death of livingbeings. evaM aNorapAre, saMsAre sAyaremi bhImaMmi ! patto asaMtakhutto jIvahiM apatta-dhamaeNhiM I44. jalacara-ura bhayagANa, paramAU hoI putva koDIo ! pakhIrNa puNa bhaNio, asaMkhabhAgo ya paliyamsa ll3oll 37) The maximum life span of jalchars, urahparisarps and bhujparisarps is one crore purva, of birds is palyopam = countless. salve suhamA sAhAraNA ca samucchimA maNussA ya ukkosa jahanneNa, aMtamuhurta ciya jiyaMti Il38II 38) The maximum and minimum lifespans of sukshmas, sadharan vanaspatikaays, sam.manushyas is antarmuhurat (within 48 mins.) ogAhaNAu-mANe, evaM saMkhevao samakkhAyA je paNa itya visasA, visesa-suttAu te neyA ll39ll 39) Thus, body lengths and lifespans are briefly de scribed. More about them can be known from specific scriptures. ebiMdiyA ca savva, asaMkha-urUpiNI sakAyaMmi ! vivajaMti cayaMti ya, asaMtakAyA asaMtAo ll40nA 40) All the ekendriyas can take births and deaths in the same specy for countless utsarpinis. Anantkaays can take births and deaths in the same specy for infinite utsarpinis. saMkhijuja samA vigalA, saTTabhavA paziMditirimathuA 1 uvavarSAti sakAe, nAraya devA ya no ceva II41TI 41) Vikalendriyas can take births and deaths in the same specy for countable yrs., Panch.triyanchs and manushyas can take births and deaths in the same specy for 7-8 lives. Naarkis and deities never take birth in the same specy in the very next life. 44) All the livingbeings devoid of religion have achieved infinite deaths in this endless ocean of infinite mundane state. taha caurAsI lAkhA saMkhA joNINa hoI jIvANuM ! puTavAIrNa cahiM, pareya satta sattava I4pA 45) The yonis of livingbeings are 84 lakhs. Each of prithvikaay, apkaay, teukaay and vaukaay has seven -seven lakh yonis. dasa paya-tarUNaM, caudasa lakhA havaMti Icaresa 1 vigaliMdiesa do do, cauro paMciMditiriyANaM I4ghA 46) Pratyek vanaspatikaays have 10 lakh yonis, sadharan vanaspatikaays have 14 lakh yonis, each of the viklendriyas have two-two lakh yonis, panch. tiryanchs have four lakh yonis.

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JEEV-VICHAR 44 NAV-TATIVA NAV-TATTVA (NINE - ELEMENTS) (A collection of objects) Defination Name Types Jeev Ajeev Punya Paap (Sin) cauro cauro nAraya-suresa mayuANa caudasa havaMti ! saMpiDiyA ca savva, culasI lakhA u jaNINa II4oll 47) Naarkis and Deities have 4-4 lakh yonis, Manushyas have 14 lakh yonis. Over all there are 84 lakh yonis. siddhANaM na(c)i deho, na Au kamma na pANa-joNIo 1 sAI amaMtA tesiM, Dii jirSidAgame bhaNiA Il48. 48) The siddhas don't have any body, lifespan, karmas, prans and yonis. In Jainagamas, their duration is depicted as saadi anant (having a starting point but no end point.) kAle aNAI-nihaNe, jeNi-gahaImi bhIsaNe itya T bhamiyA bhamiyiMti ciraM, jIvA jiNa-varaNamalahaMtA II49ll 49) Livingbeings who haven't achieved preaching of Jinas have roamed in this dangerous mundane state, dense with yonis, for infinite period in the past and would roam in it for infinite period in the future. al zig ziud, Heard gate la di siri-saMti-sUri-sikke, kareha bho ujjarma dhame II5gI 50) Now we have received humanlife and truefaith. So, we must become diligent in the practise of religion shown by acharya Shantisuri. hal yaral, 24-sel neele saMpitto uddhario, ruddAo suya-samudAo lill 51) This Jeev-vichar (discussion on livingbeings) has been extracted from very deep ocean of scriptures for the knowledge of brief-liking living beings. Beings possessing vitality (Livingbeings) Beings devoid of vitality (Non-livingbeings) Karmas which give good fruits (Good Karmas) Karmas which give bad fruits (Bad Karmas) Inlets for karma to enter the soul Doors to prevent karma from entering the soul Binding of karma on soul Aashray (Inlets) Samvar (Doors) Bandh (Binding) Nirjara (Outlets) Moksha (Liberation) Outlets for karma to depart from the soul The true nature of a soul free from all the karmas. Total types 276 Gney = proper to know - Jeev, Ajeev Hey - proper to abandon :- Paap, Aashrav, Bandh. Upadey - proper to accept :- Punya, Samvar, Nirjara, Moksha.

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NAV-TATIVA 45 DESCRIPTION OF NINE ELEMENTS WITH A SIMILE OF LAKE 1) JEEV - A lake full of water of virtues such as knowledge etc. 2) AJEEV - Dirt assembled in the jeev-lake. 3) PUNYA - Dirt of good karmas. 4) PAAP - Dirt of evil karmas. 5) AASHRAV : Inlets for karma-dirt to enter the jeev-lake. 6) SAMVAR:- Lids to prevent the karma dirt from entering the jeev-lake. 7) BANDH - Assimilation of karma-dirt in jeevlake. 8) NIRJARA - Machine to destroy karma-dirt. 9) MOKSHA : Dirtless jeev lake after the destruction of all the karma-dirt. [1] JEEV Jeev is the base of virtues such as knowledge etc. Jeev is the enjoyer and enduror of joys and griefs. Pure jeev (soul) is compiled of infinite knowledge and faith. Sansari soul is bound by the bonds of karma. So, its virtues such as knowledge, faith etc. are hidden. The entire universe can be divided into jeev and ajeev. Still, punya, paap etc. are also important. So, they are considered as separate elements. 46 Nav-TATIVA When one says 'I am not a thief', it proves that there is some thing called thief in this universe. Similarly, when atheists say "We don't believe in jeev', it itself proves the existence of jeev. Similarly, after someone's death we say, "There is no soul in this body." This also proves the existence of jeev. Que :- Let the jeev exist in this Universe, but why should we consider it different from matter? Why shouldn't we consider jeev as some form of matter? A bubble arises from water and gets dissolved in it. Similarly, jeev arises from panchbhoot - searth, water, fire, wind, sky(space)] and gets dissolved in it. What is wrong if we believe so ? Ans - The panchbhoots are matter, while the jeev is an independent element, separate from matter, because the features of matter and jeev are different. The features such as - coolness etc. of water and bubble are similar. So, we can consider a bubble as a form of water. Features of jeev are knowledge, joy, misery, peace etc. Features of matter are colour, odour, taste, touch etc. So, we can't consider jeev as a form of matter. SOME POINTS PROVING THE EXISTENCE OF JEEV 1) Jeev is the base of knowledge, desire, joy, grief etc. 2) A constructor builts a building, similarly the constructor of the body is jeev. 3) The producer of extract, blood, hair, nail, bone etc. from grains is jeev. PROOFS_ABOUT THE_EXISTENCE OF_JEEV Atheists don't believe in soul. They deny the existence of jeev. This only proves the existence of jeev, because one can deny only those things which exist in the universe. 4) The body is a factory. The mind is an office. Message is delivered everywhere from there. Musical instrument is there in the throat. Heart is a machine. Stomach

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NAV-TATIVA [2] AJEEV Dharmastikaay Akaashastikaay skandh desh pradesh skandh desh pradesh Adharmastikaay Kaal skandh desh pradesh Pudgalastikaay skandh desh pradesh parmanu. NAV-TATIVA is a barn. Below it there is latrine. Below it there are two pillars. Jeev is the manager of this factory. 5) One doubts about jeev in a deadbody or ahteist also has doubts about jeev. So, existence of jeev is proved, because one can have doubts about a thing only which exists in the universe. No one ever doubts about trrr, because it doesn't exist in the universe. TYPES OF JEEV In Jeev-vichar 563 types of jeev are described in details. Here we present its 14 types in brief. But in these 14 types the 563 types are included. No. Divisions Subdivisions Sukshma ekendriya paryapta Badar ekendriya paryapta Badar beindriya paryapta Badar teindriya paryapta Badar chaurindriya paryapta Asangni panchendriya paryapta Sangni panchendriya paryapta Sukshma ekendriya aparyapta Badar ekendriya aparyapta Badar beindriya aparyapta Badar teindriya aparyapta Badar chaurindriya aparyapta Asangni panchendriya aparyapta 106Sangni panchendriya aparyapta 212 Total 563 DHARMASTIKAAY - It's a substance widespread in fourteen rajloks. It helps jeev and matter to move. ADHARMASTIKAAY - It's a substance widespread in fourteen rajloks. It helps jeev and matter to remain stable. AKAASHASTIKAAY - It gives space to jeev and matter to dwell. KAAL (Time) - It makes new things old and the old things new. PUDGALASTIKAAY (Matter) - Substance possessing colour, odour, taste and touch is called pugalastikaay. SKANDH - Whole substance. DESH - Part of a skandh. PRADESH - Smallest unbreakable piece of a skandh. PARMANU (Atom) - A pradesh separated from the skandh of matter. . +. 101 garbhaj manushya + 99 deities + 7 naarkis + 5 panch.tiryanch. ++. 101 sam. manushya - 5 sam.tiryanch.

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NAV-TATIVA A pradesh can't be separated from Dharmastikaay etc. So, they don't have the fourth division of parmanu. A pradesh can be separated from Pudgalastikaay. So. it has the fourth division of parmanu. Sound, darkness, light, shadow, heat etc. are forms of matter. Asti = pradesh, kaay = collection. Kaal doesn't have any collection of pradeshs. So, Kaal is not called as kaalastikaay. 49 Kaal (time) is in the form of present moment. Past has been destructed, future hasn't been produced. So, kaal is in the form of present moment. TIME - TABLE Countless moments = 1 Aavlika 256 aavlikas = 1 Kshullak bhav (smallest life) 65,536 kshullakbhavs = 1 Muhurat (48 mins) 1,67,77,216 aavlikaas = 1 Muhurat (48 mins) 30 muhurats 1 Daynight 15 daynights = 1 Fortnight 2 fortnights 1 Month 2 months 1 Season 3 seasons 1 Ayan (six months) 2 ayans 1 Year 5 years 1 Yug = 84 lakh years = 1 Purvaang 84 lakh purvaangs = 1 Purva 50 Countless years = 1 Palyopam. 10 x crore x crore palyopams = 1 Sagropam. 10 x crore x crore sagropams = 1 Utsarpini. 10 x crore x crore sapropams = 1 Avsarpini. 20 x crore x crore sagropams = 1 Kaalchakra. Infinite Kaalchakras = 1 Pudgal paravart. 2) 3) 6 substances = 5 Ajeevs (Dharmastikaay etc.) + Jeev TRANSFORMITY:- Going from one condition into another is called transformity. Jeev and matter are transformable. Rest are untransformable. 1) 4) 5) 6) 7) NAV-TATIVA 8) A TWELVE-FOLD DISCUSSION ON SIX SUBSTANCES. JEEV (Living): Jeev is jeev, rest are ajeev. ROOPI (Having shape) :- Substances with colour, odour, taste and touch are called roopi. Matter is roopi, rest are aroopi (shapeless). SAPRADESHI (With pradesh): Kaal is without pradesh, rest are with pradesh. UNIQUE:- Dharmaastikaay, Adharmastikaay, Akaashastikaay are unique, rest are countless. KSHETRA (Refuge) KSHETRI (Refugee) :- Akaashastikaay is refuge, rest are refugee. Jeev and matter are active, rest are ACTIVE stable. NITYA (Unalertation) :- Jeev and matter are alertable, the rest are unalertable.

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NAV-TATIVA 51 52 NAV-TATIVA Paraghat, Shvashochhvaas, Jin, Nirman, Agurulaghu, Tras, Badar, Paryapta, Pratyek, Sthir, Shubh, Subhag, Susvar, Aadey, Yash. 9) CAUSE :- Jeev is not a cause, rest are causes. A substance helpful in the work of others is called cause. 10) CREATOR :- Jeev is creator, rest aren't creators. 11) WIDESPREAD :- Sky is widespread everywhere. Rest are seen in limited spaces. 12) PENETRATION (changeable) - No substance can be changed into another substance. So, all are unchangeable. [4] PAAP Karma which gives bad fruits is called Paap. | Causes of binding Paap [3] PUNYA Karma which gives good fruits is called Punya. Causes of Binding Punya :-) 1) Gifting food to the proper. 2) Gifting water to the proper. 3) Gifting place to dwell to the proper. Gifting place to sleep to the proper. 5) Gifting clothes to the proper. Good mental activities. 7) Good vocal activities. 8) Good physical activities 9) Worship of God and gurudev. 1) Pranatipaat (killing) 2) Mrishavaad (telling lie) 3) Adattadaan (theft) 4) Maithun (sexual intercourse) 5) Parigrah (collection of wealth) 6) Krodh (anger) 7) Maan (pride) 8) Maaya (deciet) 9) Lobh (greed) 10) Raag (affection) 11) Dvesh (hatred) 12) Kalah (quarrel) 13) Abhyakhyan (false accusation) 14) Paishunya (slander) 15) Rati-arati (happiness - sadness) 16) Par-parivaad (censure) 17) Maaya-mrishavad (speaking lie with fraud) 18) Mithyatvashalya (lack of faith in the Jinas) 42 TYPES OF PUNYA Shaata vedniya, Ucchgotra, Devaayushya, Manushyaayushya, Tiryanchaayushya, Manushyagati, Devgati, Panchendriyajati, 5 bodies, 3 angopangs. First sanghayan, First sansthan, decent colour-odour-taste-touch, Shubh vihaayogati, Devanupurvi, Manushyanupurvi, Atap, Udyot,

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NAV-TATIVA 82 TYPES OF PAAP. 1) Gnanavaran - Karma covering deep knowledge 2) Darshanavaran :- Karma covering common knowledge 3) Antaray - Karma which causes hurdles 5 4) Mohaniya :- Karma which deludes 5) Ashaatavedniya:- Karma which causes pains 6) Neechgotra - Karma which gives birth in a low caste 7) Narkaayushya - Karma which makes one live as a naarki 8) Namkarma :- Karma pertaining to body Total 82 NAAMKARMA (34) - Narakgati, Tiryanchgati, Ekendriyajati, Beindriyajati, Teindriyajati, Chaurindriyajati, 5 Sanghayans, 5 Sansthans, bad colour - odour - taste - touch, Ashubhvihaayogati, Narkaanupurvi, Tiryanchanupurvi, Upghaat, Sthavar, Sukshma, Aparyapta, Sadharan, Asthir, Ashubh, Durbhag, Duhsvar, Anadey, Apyash. For the knowledge of definations and natures of the types of punya and paap, one should refer first karmagrantha. FOUR-FOLD PUNYA-PAAP COMBINATION 1) Punyanubandhi Punya :- When new punya is bound during the experience of previous punya, the punya is called Punyanubandhi Punya. 2) Paapanubandhi Punya :- When new paap is bound during the experience of previous punya, the punya NAV-TATIVA is called Paapanubandhi Punya. 3) Punyanubandhi Paap :- When new punya is bound during the experience of previous paap, the paap is called Punyanubandhi Paap. 4) Paapanubandhi Paap :- When new paap is bound during the experience of previous paap, the paap is called Paapanuabndhi Paap. [5] AASHRAV Inlets for Karma to enter the soul are called Aashrava :- 42 types * INDRIYA 5 (sense organs) - Dependence on senseorgans. Happiness in favourable subjects of senseorgans. Hatred in adverse subjects of senseorgans. * PASSIONS 4 : Anger, pride, fraud, greed. * AVRAT 5 (absence of vows) : Pranatipaat - Killing Mrishavaad - Speaking lie Adattadaan - Theft Maithun - Sexual intercourse Parigrah - Strong affection on wealth * YOG 3 :- Mental, vocal and physical activities. KRIYA (ACTIVITIES) 25 1) KAYIKI:- Performing body activities without seeing and sweeping. 2) ADHIKARNIKI - Developing new weapons or mutually joining old weapons. 3) PRADVESHIKI:- Hating livingbeings or non-livingbeings. 4) PARITAPANIKI :- Causing pains to self or others.

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NAV-TATIVA 55 56 5) PRANATIPATIKI - Killing self or others. 6) AARAMBHIKI - Activities in which livingbeings or non-livingbeings are killed. PARIGRAHIKI :- Collecting wealth and having affec tion on it. 8) MAAYAPRATYAYIKI :- Hiding eternal emotions and showing something else outwardly or executing false witnesses or agreements. MITHYADARSHANPRATYAYIKI: Activities done due to lack of faith in Jainism. 10) APRATYAKHYANIKI :- Activities done due to lack of vows. 11) DRISHTIKI :- Viewing livingbeings or non-livingbeings with affection. 12) SPRISHTIKI :- Touching livingbeings or non livingbeings with affection. 13) PRATITYAKI :- Having feelings of love or hatred on viewing elephants, horses, ornaments etc. of others. 14) SAMANTOPNIPATIKI :- Loving or hating the one who admires or censures after viewing elephants, horses, chariots, ornaments etc. of his own, or making others visualize dramatic performances, cinemas, public shows, plays etc. Keeping vessels full of ghee-oil etc. open. 15) NAISRISHTIKI :- Making others mould weapons or making others empty wells, lakes etc. or abondoning proper disciple or discarding pure food, water etc. without reason. 16) SVAHASTIKI:- Killing livingbeings or non-livingbeings with own hands. 17) AAGNAPANIKI :- Making others do sinful acts by implementing orders on them. NAV-TATIVA 18) VAIDAARNIKI :- Tearing livingbeings or non livingbeings or cheating others. 19) ANABHOGIKI :- Keeping or taking anything without mental attention. 20) ANAVKANKSHAPRATYAYIKI - Performing deeds harmful in this life and next life, disregarding welfare of self and others. 21) PRAYOGIKI:- Good and bad activities of mind, speech and body. 22) SAMUDAYIKI :- Performing deeds in which karmas are collected due to the use of senseorgans. 23) PREMIKI :- To love or to perform activities which make others affectionate. 24) DVESHIKI :- To hate or to perform activities which make others hateful. 25) IRYAPATHIKI :- Activities performed due to only yog (without mithyatva (lack of faith in Jainism), avirti (lack of vows), kashay (passion) etc. This is in the 11th, 12th, 13th gunasthanaks. [6] SAMVAR Prevention of karma from coming into the soul is called Samvar. 57 types : Samiti (decent activities) | 5| Yatidharma(duties of saint) 10 Gupti (self restraints) 3 Bhavna (emotions) Endurance of Parishah 22 Charitra (ascetism) (Endurance of adversities) Total Types

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57 58 NAV-TATIVA ing sinless words with the use of muhapatti. 3) KAAYGUPTI - Averting sinful activities and practis ing sinless activities. Samitis are in the form of activities, whereas guptis are in the form of activities and restraints. So, in samitis guptis are surely there, but in guptis samitis may be or may not be there. ENDURANCE OF PARISHAH - 22 NAV-TATIVA SAMITI = DECENT ACTIVITY - 5 1) IRYASAMITI:- Visualizing, with mental awareness, three and a half feet of the surface in front while walking. 2) BHASHASAMITI :- Speaking sinless words with the use of muhapatti (a piece of cloth, measuring 16 fingers in length and breadth, kept in front of mouth while speaking) Sinful words :- Words due to which sins such as killing etc. take place, e.g. words of orders, words of praise of sinful activities, false words, determined words. So, the monks shouldn't utter words of orders and determined words. They shoul speak words such as most probably, vartaman jog (as per present conditions) kshetra-sparshna (as per our route of migration) etc. 3) ESHANASAMITI :- Roaming for food and accepting it, averting fortytwo faults as described in the scriptures. 4) ADAANNIKSHEPANA SAMITI - Spectating and sweeping while keeping or taking clothes, utensils etc. and while spreading asan (sea), santharo (bed) etc. on the ground. 5) PARISHTHAPANIKA SAMITI :- Discarding urine, excreta, cough, phlegm, spittle, impure food, useless clothes etc., according to the system mentioned in scriptures, in places devoid of livingbeings. GUPTI = SELF RESTRAINT - 3 1) MANOGUPTI :- Averting bad thoughts and practising good thoughts. 2) VACHANGUPTI :- Averting sinful words and speak Adversities to be endured with peace without leaving the ascetic path, for the removal of karma are called Parishahs. There are 22 such parishahs. One should attain victory over parishahs after listening and knowing them with practice, but shouldn't commit errors in ascetism. 1) KSHUDHA (hunger) - One should endure hunger but shouldn't take faultful food and shoudn't have bad thoughts in mind. 2) TRISHA (thirst) :- One should endure thirst but shouldn't use water which is not boiled or mixwater. 3) SHEET (cold) :- One should endure cold but shouldn't desire for fire or prohibited clothes etc. USHNA (heat) :- One shouldn't desire for umbrellas, baths, lubrications or sprinkling water droplets on the body even in summer when there is terrible heat. 5) DANSH (bite) - When mosquitoes, louses, bugs, dans' bite, one shouldn't desire to go to another place, shouldn't kill them or hate them. ACHEL (lack of clothes) :- One shouldn't be unhappy if he doesn't get clothes or gets wornout clothes. One 6)

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NAV-TATTVA shouldn't desire precious clothes, but should wear wornout clothes. ARATI (tedium) - One shouldn't be disgusted if adversities come in ascetic life, but should be absorbed in good emotions and shoudn't desire to give up monkhood. STRI (woman) - Woman is an obstacle in the ascetic life. So, one shouldn't even glance at her affectionately, shouldn't view her bodyparts, shouldn't think about her, shouldn't become her subordinate. 9) CHARYA (migration) - One shoudn't stay in one place for a long period but should migrate from place to place, should practise ninefold migration, shouldn't be disgusted while migration. 10) NAISHEDHIKISTHAN (solitary place) - One should stay in emptyhouses, in burial places etc. or should stay in places devoid of women, eunuchs, animals etc. One shouldn't be agitated even if he receives an adverse place. 11) SHAYYA (place for sleeping). One shouldn't be agitated if he gets adverse place with ups and downs for sleeping and shouldn't be happy if he gets favourable place for sleeping. 12) AAKROSH (anger) :- If someone speaks harsh words one shouldn't hate him, but should regard him as an obliger. 13) VADH (killing) - If someone kills, even then one shouldn't hate him and shouldn't have bad thoughts in mind. 14) YACHANA (request) :- One shouldn't feel ashame to request for food, water, clothes etc. 15) ALABH (lack of gain) :- If one doesn't get a particular 60 Nav-TATIVA thing even after requesting for it then he shouldn't be agitated but should take it as a fruit of labhantaraya karma (karma causing obstacles in gains). 16) ROG (disease):- A sthavirkalpi saint, when diseased, practises faultless treatments, in accordance with the system described in scriptures to cure it and if it isn't cured, even then he remains tranquil and takes it as a fruit of karma. 17) TRUN (grass) :- While sleeping on grass- santhara if its edges pierce the body or while sleeping on a woolen-santhara if it itches, even then one shouldn't be agitated. 18) MAL (dirt) - One shouldn't dislike dirty body or dirty clothes, and shouldn't try to clean them. 19) SATKAAR (honour) - If one gets honour in the society he shouldn't feel happy and if he doesn't get it, he shouldn't be agitated. 20) PRAGNA (intellect) - If one is very intelligent or scholar and people praise him very much, he shouldn't be proud listening to it, but he should think that many great scholars many times more intelligent than me have been in the past. In comparision to their ocean of knowledge my knowledge is not more than a droplet. 21) AGNAN (Ignorance) :- If one is dull or ignorant he shouldn't be agitated, but taking it as a fruit of gnanavarniya karma he should get absorbed in ascetic activities. 22) SAMYAKTVA (faith) :- One shouldn't loose his faith in Jainism even if he has to face adversities or hindrances, or if he doesn't understand deep meanings of scriptures or even if he views magic in other religions.

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NAV-TATIVA YATIDHARMA-10 (DUTIES OF A SAINT) 1) KSHAMA (forgiveness) - Lack of anger. 2) MRIDUTA (softness) - Humbleness, lack of pride. 3) AARJAV (straight-forwardness) - Frankness, lack of deciet. 4) MUKTI (contentment) Satisfaction, lack of greed. 5) TAP (penance) - Restraint of desires. 6) SANYAM - 5 Mahavrats (great vows), restraints of sense organs 5, defeating passions 4, prevention of 3 dands (bad activities of mind, speech and body). 7) SATYA (truth) :- Speaking good, beneficial and true words. 8) SHOUCH (purity) :- Purity of mind, speech and body. 9) AKINCHANTA (indifference) - Absence of affection on anything. 10) BRAHMACHARYA (celibacy) - Abandoning sexual intercourse from mind, speech and body. NAV-TATIVA they have been and are being related with each of the other livingbeings by various kinds of relations. EKATVA BHAVANA (loneliness) - Thinking that one takes birth alone, dies alone and endures fruits of karmas alone. 5) ANYATVA BHAVANA (aloofness) : - Thinking that the family, wealth, building, body etc. are not mine but alien. 6) ASHUCHI BHAVANA (impurity) - Thinking that this body is constructed by impure substances such as pus, blood, flesh, bones, etc. and is filled with urine, excreta etc. 7) AASHRAV BHAVANA (inlets) - Thinking that every moment karmas are coming in the soul due to 42 aashravs and the soul becomes heavy and dirty due to them. 8) SAMVAR BHAVANA (lids) - Thinking often about the 57 types of samvar. 9) NIRJARA BHAVANA (outlets) - Thinking about 12 types of nirjara. 10) LOKSWABHAV BHAVANA (nature of universe) Thinking about fourteen rajloks, six substances dwelling in it, places of deities and naarkis, countless islands and oceans etc. 11) BODHIDURLABH BHAVANA (difficulty in the attain ment of samyaktva) - Thinking that in this uncreated universe, it is easy to become chakravarti (king of six khands), deity, king etc, but it is difficult to attain samyaktva-gem. (So, one should make efforts for its attainment and protect it if attained.) BHAVNA (EMOTIONS)-10 1) ANITYA BHAVANA (unstability) :- Thinking that all the things in this world such as wealth, family, body etc. are unstable, perishable. 2) ASHARANA BHAVANA (absence of shelter) : Thinking that there is no shelter in this sansar who can protect from the pains of disease, death etc. 3) SANSAR BHAVANA (roaming in mundane state) : Thinking that livingbeings are roaming in 84 lakh yonis,

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NAV-TATTVA 63 NAV-TATIVA 12) DHARMA BHAVANA (religion) - Thinking that in this world, happiness is gained only by practising Jainism. The sun, the moon etc. also arise and enlighten this world due to the glory of Janism. Fourteen rajloks are standing in the infinite alok (universe in which livingbeings can't dwell) without any support due to the glory of Jainism. of Lord Mahaveer with five vows, they have this type of ascetism. c) When a principle virtue of a saint is broken his past ascetic years are cut-off as a punishment and is newly given the vows. He has this type of ascetism. 3) PARIHAARVISHUDDHI:- It's a type of ascetism in which purity is attained by performing a special type of penance. There is a group of nine in it. 4 Nirvishmanaks - penance practisioners 4 Anucharaks - servers. 1 Vachnacharya orator of recensions. PENANCE Season minimum middle maximum Summer 1 fast 2 fasts 3 fasts Winter 2 fasts 3 fasts 4 fasts Rainy 3 fasts 4 fasts 5 fasts CHARITRA (ASCETISM) 5 1) SAMAAYIK - Sam = knowledge, faith and conduct, Aay = gain. A religious activity by which knowledge, faith and conduct are gained is called samaayik. All the sinful yogas (activities) are totally given up in this samaayik. Samaayik of 48 mins. practised by shravakas, paushadhs (living a life similar to ascetic life for a temporary period) practised by shravakas and the ascetism practised by the saints of first and last tirthankars from small diksha till big diksha are called Itvarkathik (temporary) Samaayik Charitra and the ascetism practised by the saints of twentytwo tirthankars from diksha till death is called Yavatkathik (permanent) Samaayik Charitra. 2) CHHEDOPASTHAPNIYA CHARITRA :- The type of ascetism in which past ascetic years are cut off and the great vows are newly given is called Chhedopasthapniya Charitra. a) Saints of first and last tirthankars possess this type of ascetism after their bigdiksha. b) When the saints of Lord Parshva give up the shashan with four vows and accept the shashan They break the fast with an ayambil (eating boiled food once in a day). The servers do ayambil everyday. This is continued for six months. After that the servers practise penance, the penance-practisioners become servers and the vachanacharya delivers recensions. This is continued for another six months. After that the vachanacharya practises penance, one person becomes vachanacharya, the rest become servers. This is continued for another six months. In this way, this type of ascetism is completed in eighteen months. After that they may again accept this type or accept Jinkalp (perfect ascetism) or enter the gutch.

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NAV-TATIVA 65 This type of ascetism is there only in Bharat Kshetra and Ayravat kshetra. It is not there in Mahavideh kshetra. Ascetics possessing first sanghayan, 14 purvas and extraordinary labdhis (powers) have this type of ascetism, women don't have this type of ascetism. 4) SUKSHMA SAMPARAAY:- An ascetism in which fruits of extremely minute lobh (greed) passion are experienced is called sukshma samparaay. The other three passions - anger, pride and deciet are absent here. 5) YATHAKHYAAT - Totally pure ascetism without any exceptions, or an ascetism where there is total absence of experience of mohaniya karma. Here there are emotions of total indifference. Ascetism Gunsthanak (standards of virtues) Samaayik 6,7,8,9 Chhedopasthapniya 6,7,8,9 Parihaarvishudhi 6,7 Sukshma Samparaay Yathakhyaat 11, 12, 13, 14 66 NAV-TATIVA a) Itvar (temporary) :- Abandoning food for a small period. e.g. Navkarshi (abondoning food for 48 mins, from sunrise), Porsi (abondoning food for nearly 3 hrs. from sunrise), Ekashana (eating just once in a day), Fasting etc. b) Yavatkathik (permanent) - Abondoning food till death. 2) UNODARI - Eating less than hunger. To possess less things. VRITTISANKSHEP :- Taking vows of gochari (roaming for food as described in scriptures etc.) with respect to dravya (substance), kshetra (space), kaal (time) and bhav (emotions). * With respect to substances - Not to eat more than certain substances. With respect to space - Not to roam in more than certain houses. * With respect to time - Eating whatever is received at or in certain time. With respect to emotions - Accepting food only if a crying child, angry man, diksharthi (a person ready to accept ascetism) etc, gifts it. 4) RASTYAAG - Abandoning vigays (food materials which push one in low classes). Milk, curd, ghee, oil, jaggery and fried items are six vigays. Honey, meat, butter, wine are four mahaviyas. One should totally abandon mahavigays and abandon vigays as many and as much as possible. 5) KAAYKLESH - Torturing the body as mentioned in 10 [7] NIRJARA (OUTLETS) Departure of karma from soul is called Nirjara. Nirjara is done by 12 types of penances. So, 12 types of penances are themselves 12 types of Nirjara. BAHYA TAP (PHYSICAL PENANCE) - 6 TYPES 1) ANSHAN - Abandoning food according to religious doctrines. It is of 2 types -

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68 NAV-TATIVA scriptures. e. g. Loch (plucking hairs), migration on foot, enduring the sun's heat etc. 6) SANLEENTA - Restraining senseorgans from going to evil paths, averting passions and bad yogas of mind, speech and body, abandoning bad places and residing in decent places People can know this type of penance. It effects physical body and senseorgans. So, it is called bahya tap (physical penance) ABHYANTAR TAP (ETERNAL PENANCE) - 6 TYPES 1) PRAYASHCHITT:- Exposing faults and errors in front of gurudev, taking its punishment and executing it. 2) VINAY :- honouring knowledge, scholars, faith, faithful people, acharyas, upadhyayas, sthavirs, ganis, elder monks etc. 3) VAIYAVATCH :- Serving acharyas, upadhyayas, sthavirs, ganis, penance-practisioners, co-followers, kul, gan, sangh, new ascetics, by providing food, clothes, utensils, dwelling place, medicine etc. to them. SWADHYAY - 5 types. Vachana give and take of knowledge. Prichhana - to ask doubts. Paravartana - revision. Anupreksha - thinking the meanings. Dharmakatha - delivering speeches 5) DHYAAN (meditation) - Concentration of yogas. Restraint of yogas. It is of four types. NAV-TATIVA a) Aarttdhyaan - It is again of four types. i) Worry of the departure of something liked. ii) Worry of the contact of something disliked. iii) Worry of disease. iv) Desiring worldly things as fruit of penance. b) Raudradhyaan - It is also of four types. i) Thinking deeply about killing livingbeings. ii) Thinking deeply about speaking great lie. iii) Thinking deeply about attempting theft. iv) Thinking deeply about protection of wealth. These two dhyaans increase the mundane state, so they aren't included in nirjara, but they are depicted here just to know their nature. c) Dharmadhyaan. It is of four types. i) Aagnavichay - Thinking about the orders of Lord tirthankar. ii) Vipaakvichay - Thinking about the fruits of karma. iii) Apaayvichay - Thinking about the losses caused by passions and subjects of sense organs. iv) Sansthanvichay - Thinking about the nature of the fourteen rajloks. d) Shukladhyaan - It is of four types. i) Prithaktvavitark savichaar - Meditation on different conditions of substances, with the change of words, meanings and yogas, on the basis of knowledge of purvas. It is prac

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NAV-TATTVA 69 70 NAV-TATIVA the soul like water and milk or iron and fire. This activity is called karmabandh and the karman particles assimilated with the soul are called karma. FOUR TYPES OF KARMABINDINGS 1) 2) tised by saints possessing knowledge of purvas. ii) Ekatvavitark Avichaar - Meditation on one condition of substance, without any change of words, meanings and yogas, on the basis of knowledge of purvas. It is practised by saints possessing knowledge of purvas. iii) Sukshamakriya Apratipati - This is a medi tation practised by kewalgnanis (saints with ultimate knowledge) while controlling badar kaayyog (broad activities of body) with the support of sukshma kaayyog (minute activities of body) after having controlled manoyoga, vachanyog and respiration. iv) Vyuparatkriya Anivritti - This is a meditation practised by kewalgnanis in the shaileshi condition after having controlled the manoyog, vachanyog and kaayyog. * By aartadhyaan tiryanchgati is attained. * By raudradhyaan narakgati is attained. * By dharmadhyaan devgati is attained. * By shukladhyaan liberation is attained. KAAYOTSARGA - Abandoning the activities of body etc. and standing in meditation for a certain decided time-limit. PRAKRITIBANDH - Nature of karma decided when bound, e.g. some karma hide knowledge, some give happiness, some give birth is highcaste, etc. STHITIBANDH :- The fixation of time limit for which the karma would stay on soul, when bound. RASBANDH :- Fixation of high or low power of the karma. PRADESHBANDH:- Number of particles of the karma when bound. 4) ILLUSTRATION OF A SWEET-BALL Nature of some sweetball is to avert gastrouble. Nature of other sweetball is to cure cough. Similarly, while binding karma, its nature such as hiding knowledge, gifting happiness etc. which is fixed is called Prakritibandh. Some sweetballs last for 10 days, some for 15 days. Similarly, while binding karma, the time limit for its staying with the soul which is fixed is called Sthitibandh. Some sweetballs are very sweet, others are less sweet. Similarly, while binding karma its power of giving sharp or mild fruits which is fixed is called Rasbandh. [8] BANDH In every moment all the sansari livingbeings accept karman particles from the environment where they dwell, due to mithyatva etc. and completely assimilate them with Some sweetballs are small, the others are big. Similarly, while binding karma the amount of karma bound is called Pradeshbandh.

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NAV-TATIVA NAV-TATIVA PRAKRITIBANDH STHITIBANDH No. Karma Maximum timelimit Minimum timelimit Gnanavarana antarmuhurat 30 X crore x crore sagropams Darshanavarana antarmuhurat 30 X crore x crore sagropams 3. Vedniya 12 muhurats 30 x crore x crore sagropams 70 X crore x crore sagropams Mohaniya antarmuhurat Aayushya 33 sagropams antarmuhurat Naam There are principle 8 divisions of karma and 158 subdivisions. No. Name of Definition Hides Types Simile karma which virtue ? 1. Gnanavarana Hides knowledge Anantgnan 5 like tieing (specific (Infinite bands on knowledge knowledge) eyes. of things) 2. Darshan- Hides Darshan Anant like a avarana (common darshan doorknowledge) (Infinite keeper. of things. common knowledge) 3. Vedniya Makes living beings Avyabadh like a experience sukh (Pain sword joy and grief less happ- lubricated iness) with honey 4. Mohaniya Makes livingbeings Anantcha- 28 like unable to ritra (Infinite drinking discriminate between conduct) wine. the truth and the false 5. Aayushya Binds in a life Akshaysthiti 4 like (residence shackles for ever) 16. Naam Makes livingbeings Arupipanu. 103 like a experience different (Formless painter conditions such as ness) gati etc. I Gotra Gives birth in high Agurula- 2 like a or low castes. ghupanu potmaker (unheaviness unlightness) 8. Antraaay Averting livingbeings ike from charity, gains, (Infinite experience etc. power) treasurer 8 muhurats Gotra 8 muhurats 20 x crore x crore sagropams 20 X crore x crore sagropams 30 X crore x crore sagropams 8. Antraaay antarmuhurat [9] MOKSHA The true and pure nature of the soul attained after the total destruction of all the karmas is called Moksha. A soul totally freed from the bonds of karma goes upwards and reaches above the siddhasheela at the end of the lok. There are other infinite liberated souls there. They never have to return back in this mundane state. All the souls residing there observe and know at every moment all the conditions with respect to past, present and future

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74 Nav-TATIVA of all the things in this world at a time. They are extremely happy there. They never have to endure the afflictions such as birth, oldage, death, hunger, thirst, disease, worry, poverty, grief, quarrels etc. of this world. Karma is the rootcause of birth. Due to its total destruction the liberated souls never have to take birth in this world again. The happiness experienced by a liberated soul is infinite times more than the collected happiness of past, present and future of all the livingbeings of the threefold world. Nav-TATIVA 5) KAAL :- The time limit with respect to a liberated soul is saadi anant (with start without end) and with respect to all the liberated souls is anaadi anant (without start without end.) 6) ANTAR - There is no antar, because the liberated souls don't have to come back to mundane state and go again to Moksha. BHAAG:- The number of liberated souls is the number of all living beings = infinite. 8) BHAAV - Specific knowledge, common knowledge etc. are imperishable. Vitality etc. are changeable. 9) ALPABAHUTVA :- Napunsaksiddh (liberated souls who were eunuch in their previous life) are less Strisiddh (liberated souls who were women in their previous life) are countable times more than napunsaksiddh. Purushsiddh (liberated souls who were males in their previous life) are countable times more than strisiddh. Moksha element is to be discussed with respect to nine anuyog-dwars. (points for understanding a thing properly) They are- satpad (existence), dravya(number), kshetra(space), sparshana(touch), kaal(time), antar(gap), bhaag(part), bhaav(emotions), alpabahutva(more or less). 1) SATPAD :- existence. Que - Does moksha exist or not? Ans:- Moksha' is a pure word. pure - meaningful and single. So, Moksha exists. 2) DRAVYA : Que :- How many liberated souls are there in Moksha? Ans: Infinite 3) KSHETRA : Que :- Within how much space do the liberated souls dwell ? Ans :- A liberated soul dwells in a space measuring lok + countless. All the liberated souls dwell in a space measuring lok = countless. 4) SPARSHANA - A little more than kshetra. FROM WHICH MARGANAAS (CREEDS) CAN A LIVINGBEING_ATTAIN LIBERATION ? Principle marganaas :- 14, Sub-marganaas - 62 1) GATI - (class) 4 :- Narakgati, Tiryanchgati, Manushyagati, Devgati. 2) INDRIYA (possession of senseorgans) 5:- Ekendriya, Beindriya, Teindriya, Chaurindriya, Panchendriya. 3) KAAY - (body) 6Prithvikaay, Apkaay, Teukaay, Vaukaay, Vanaspatikaay, Traskaay.

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5) NAV-TATIVA 4) YOG (activities) 3 :- Manoyoga, Vachanyog, Kaayyog. 5) VED (sex) 3 - Male, Female, Eunuch. 6) KASHAAYA (passions) 4:- Anger, Pride, Deciet, Greed. 7) GNAN (knowledge) 8 :- Matignan, Shrutgnan, Avadhi gnan, Manahparyavgnan, Kewalgnan, Mati-agnan, Shrut-agnan, Vibhanggnan. SANYAM (Ascetism) 7 :- Samaayik, Chhedopasthapniya, Parihaarvishuddhi, Sukshmasamparay, Yathakhyat, Deshvirti, Avirti. 9) DARSHAN (observance) 4 : Chakshudarshan, Achakshudarshan, Avadhidarshan, Kevaldarshan 10) LESHYA (mental attitude) 6 :- Krishnaleshya, Neelleshya, Kapotleshya, Tejoleshya, Padmaleshya, Shuklaleshya. 11) BHAVYA (proper for liberation) 2 :- Bhavya, Abhavya. 12) SAMYAKTVA (faith) 6 :- Kshayopshamik samyaktva, Upsham samyaktva, Kshaayik samyaktva, Mithyaatva, Sasvadan, Mishra 13) SANGNI (with mind) 2 - Sangni, Asangni. 14) AAHAARI (taking food) 2 - Aahaari, Anahaari. One can attain liberation from 10 marganaas namely - Manushyagati, Panchendriyajati, Traskaay, Kevalgnan, Yathakhyaat charitra, Kevaldarshan, Bhavya, Sangni, Anaahaari, Kshayik samyaktva. NAV-TATIVA 15 TYPES OF SIDDHS (LIBERATED SOULS) 1) JINSIDDH-Souls liberated after becoming tirthankar. e.g. Rishabhdev etc. 2) AJINSIDDH - Souls liberated without attaining tirthankar degree and after becoming common kewali. e.g. Ganadhars etc. 3) TIRTHSIDDH - Souls liberated during the existence of tirth (shashan). e.g. Jambuswami etc. 4) ATIRTHSIDDH - Souls liberated before establish ment and after disollution of tirth e.g. Marudeva mother. SWALINGSIDDH - Souls liberated after attaining Kewalgnan in monkhood. 6) GRIHILING SIDDH :- Souls liberated after attaining kewalgnan in householdship. e.g. Bharat Chakravarti etc. 7) ANYALINGSIDDH - Souls liberated after attaining kewalgnan in the attire of monks of other religions e.g. Valkalchiri etc. 8) STRISIDDH - Liberated souls who were females in the previous life. e.g. Chandanbala etc. 9) PURUSHSIDDH- Liberated souls who were males in the previous life e.g. Gautamswami etc. 10) NAPUNSAKSIDDH - Liberated souls who were eu nuchs in the previous life. e.g. Gangey etc. 11) SWAYAMBUDDHSIDDH:- Souls who attain liberation after receiving knowledge without any cause. 12) PRATYEKBUDDHSIDDH - Souls who attain libera tion after receiving knowledge due to some cause.

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78 NAV-TATIVA 77 13) BUDDHBODHIT - Souls who attain liberation after receiving knowledge by speeches of others. 14) EKSIDDH - A single soul liberated at a time in a single moment) e.g. Lord Mahaveer. 15) ANEKSIDDH - Many souls liberated at a time in a single moment) e.g. Lord Rishabhdev. NAV-TATTVA Que. How many souls have been liberated till now? Ans. The number of souls liberated till now is = the number of livingbeings in a nigod infinite. in future also, whenever someone will ask kewalis that how many souls have liberated, their answer would be the same. One who knows the nine elements mentioned above has samyaktva. If he doesn't know them but even if he has faith in them, he surely has samyaktva. 'The words uttered by Jineshwaras are never false - One who has such belief in his heart has firm samyaktva. 108 SOULS ARE LIBERATED AT THE MOST IN A SINGLE MOMENT 1 to 32 souls attain liberation continuously for 8 moments, after that there occurs a gap. 33 to 48 souls attain liberation continuously for 7 moments, after that there occurs a gap. 49 to 60 souls attain liberation continuously for 6 moments, after that there occurs a gap. One who receives samyaktva just for an antarmuhurat, doesn't roam in this mundane state for more than half pudgal paravart i.e. he surely attains emancipation within that period. Objects of Nav-tattva are completed. 61 to 72 souls attain liberation continuously for 5 moments, after that there occurs a gap. 73 to 84 souls attain liberation continuously for 4 moments, after that there occurs a gap. 85 to 96 souls attain liberation continuously for 3 moments, after that there occurs a gap. 97 to 102 souls attain liberation continuously for 2 moments, after that there occurs a gap. 103 to 108 souls attain liberation continuously for 1 moment, after that there occurs a gap.

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NAV-TATIVA LITERAL MEANINGS OF THE GATHAAS OF NAV-TATTVA jIvA-jIvA puchyuM, pAvA-sava saMvaro ya nijjaraNA 1 baMdho mukkho ya tahA, nava tattA huMti nAyavvA // 1 // 1) The nine elements are - Jeev, ajeev, punya, paap, aashrav, samvar, nirjara, bandh and moksha. caudasa caudasa bAyAlIsA bAsI ya huMti bAyAlA 1 sattAvanna bArasa, cau nava bheyA kameNesiM cA 79 2) Their types are respectively 14, 14, 42, 82, 42, 57, 12, 4 and 9. JEEV egaviha viha tivihA, cau--ihA paMca cha--ihA jIvA / ceyaNa-tasa-iyarehiM, veya-gai-karaNa-kAehiM // 3 // 3) The living beings are of one type, two types, three types, four types, five types and six types with respect to vitality, tras - sthavar, sex, class, senseorgans and kaay(body). egiMdiya suhumiyarA, sanniyara paNiMdiyA ya sabiticau 1 apajattA pajjattA, kameNa caudasa jiya-DhANA II4ll 4) Sukshma - badar ekendriya, Sangni - asangni panchendriya, beindriya, teindriya, chaurindriya - 7 x 2 (paryapta - aparyapta) = 14 types of jeevs. nANaM ca daMsaNaM ceva, caritta ca tavo tahA ! vIriyaM uvaogo ya, eaM jIvasa lakSmaNa III 5) The features of jeev are knowledge, faith, conduct, penance, power, mental awareness etc.. 80 NAV-TATIVA AhAra sarIriMdiya, pajattI ANapANa-bhAsa-maNe / cau paMca paMca chappi ya, iga-vigalADasannI-sannINaM IIs 6) Aahaar, shareer, indriya, shvashochhvas, bhasha and manah - these are six paryaptis. Ekendriya vikalendriya, asangni panchendriya and sangni panchendriya have 4,5,5,6 paryaptis respectively. paNiMdia ttibalUsAsAU dasa pANa cau cha saga aTTa I iga-du-ti-cauriMdINaM, asanni-sannINa nava dasa ya Ioll 7) 5 senseorgans, 3 powers, respiration and life - these are 10 prans. Ekendriya, Beindriya, Teindriya, Chaurindriya, Asangni Panchendriya and Sangnis have 4,6,7,8,9,10 prans respectively. AJEEV dhammA dhammADaDagAsA, tiya tiya bheyA taheva addhA ya / khaMdhA desa paesA, paramANu ajIva caudasahA IIII 8) 3 types of dharmastikaay, 3 types of adhar mastikaay, 3 types of akashastikaay, kaal and 4 types of matter - skandh, desh, pradesh, parmanu - these are 14 types of ajeev. dhammA-dhammA puggala, naha kAlo paMca kuMti ajIvA calaNa-sahAvo dhammo, thira saMThANo ahammo ya llll 9) Dharmastikaay, Adharmastikaay, Pudgalastikaay, Akashastikaay and Kaal are five ajeevs. Dharmastikaay is helpful to jeev and matter in moving. Adharmastikaay is helpful to jeev and matter to remain stable.

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NAV-TATIVA avagAho AgAsa, puggala-jIvANa puggalA cauhA / khaMdhA desa paesA, paramANu ceva nAyA ||10|l 81 10) Aakash gives space. Matter is of 4 types - skandh, desh, pradesh, parmanu. sadhayAra ujjoa, pabhA chAyAtavehi a I varNI gaMdha rasA phAsA, puggalANaM tu lakSmaNuM ||11|| 11) Sound, darkness, light, lustre, shadow, heat are forms of matter. Colour, odour, taste and touch are features of matter. egA koDi sattasaDDI, lakhkhA sattahattarI sahassA ya| do ya sayA solahiA, AvaliA Iga muhuttammi ||12 // 12) 1 muhurat = 1,67,77,216 aavlikas. samayAvalI muhuttA, dihA pA ya mAsa varisA ya 1 bhaNio paliA sAgara, ussappiNi-sarpiNI kAlo ll13 13) Samay, aavlika, muhurat, day, fortnight, month, year, palyopam, sagropam, utsarpini, avsarpini are forms of kaal (time). pariNAmi jIva murtta, sapaesA ega khitta kiriA ya / NiccuM kAraNa kattA, savvagaya Iyara appavese // 14 // 14) One should think about six substances with respect of transformity, vitality, shapefulness, bearing pradesh, uniqueness, refuge, activity, alertation, cause, creator, extensivity, penetration. 82 NAV-TATIVA PUNYA sAuccagoa mayuga, suraduJa paMciMdijAI paNa dehA / AItitaNNu-vaMgA, AIma-saMghayaNa-saMThANA // 15 // vanna caukkA-gurulahu, paraghA ussAsa Aya-vujjoaM / subhakhagaI nimiNa tasadasa, suranaratiriAu tityayara // 16 // 15)-16) Shatavedniya, ucchgotra, manushya-2, dev-2, panchendriyajati, 5 bodies, 3 angopangs, 1st sanghayan, 1 sansthan, colour, odour, taste, touch, agurulaghu, paraghat, shvashochhvas, atap, udyot, shubhvihaayogati, nirman, tras-10, devaayushya, manushyaayushya, tiryanchayushya, tirthankarnaamkarma - these are 42 types of punya. tasa bAyara pAM, patteaM citraM subhaM ca subhaga ca / sussara AI jarsa, tasAI-dasarga Ima hoI ||17nA 17) The tras-10 are tras, badar, paryapta, pratyek, sthir, shubh, subhag, susvar, aadey, yash. PAAP nANuM-tarAya dasaguM, nava bIe nIasAya micchatta / thAvara dasa niyatinaM, kasAya paNavIsa tiriyadurga 18 // Iga bi ti cau jAIo, kukhagaI uvaghAya huMti pAvasa / apasatya vajra-caNa, apaDhama-saMghayaNa-saMThANA 19 // 18-19) Gnanavaran - 5, antaraay - 5, darshanavarana - 9, Neechgotra, ashatavedniya, mithyatva, sthavar - 10, narak - 3, kashay - 25, tiryanch - 2, ekendriya, beindriya, teindriya, chaurindriya, ashubh vihaayogati, upghaat, ashubh colour etc. - 4, rest 5 sanghayans, rest 5 sansthans - these are 82 types of paap.

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NAV-TATTVA thAvara ahama aparja, sAhAraNa-madira-masubha dubhagANiT dusara-NAIjja-jarsa, thAvaradasagaM vivajjatya ll20l 20) The sthavar-10 are sthavar, sukshma, aparyapta, sadharan, asthir, ashubh, durbhag, duhsvar, anadey, apyash. AASHRAV iMdiA kasAya anvaya, jogA paMca cau paMca sinni kamA ! kiriyAo paNavIsa, ImA u tAo aNukkamaso ll21|| 21) The indriya, kashaay, avrat, yog, are respectively 5,4,5,3. Kriyas are 25. They are as follows. kAIa ahigaraNIA, pAusiyA pAritAvaNI kiriyA ! pANAIvAyaraMbhia, parigdahiyA mAyavatI ya ll22thI micchA-daMsaNa-varI, apaccakhANA ya di8i puTTI aT pADuzcima sAmaMto, vaNIA nesaOi sAhatthI 2all ANavaNi viAraNiA, aNabhogA aNavataMkhapaccaIA I annA paoga samudANa, pija doseriyAvahiA Il24ll 22-23-24) Kaayiki, Adhikaraniki, Pradveshiki, Parita paniki, Pranatipaatiki, Aarambhiki, Parigrahiki, Mayapratyayiki, Mithyadarshan-pratyayiki, Apratyakhyaniki, Drishtiki, Sprishtiki, Pratityaki, Samantopnipatiki, Naisrishtiki, Swahastiki, Aagnapaniki, Vaidaarniki, Anabhogiki, Anavkankshapratyayiki, Prayogiki, Samudayiki, Premiki, Dveshiki, Iryapathiki. SAMVAR samiI guttI parisaha, jaIdhammo bhAvaNA carittAsi | paNa ti duvIsa dasa bAra, paMca bheehiM sagavannA Il25ll 25) The samitis, guptis, parishahas, yatidharmas NAV-TATIVA bhavanas and charitras are of respectively 5,3,22,10,12,5 types. These are 57 types of samvar. IriyA-bhAse-saNA-dANe, uccAre samiIsu aT maNaguttI vayagurI, kAyagurI taheva ya lrazA 26) The samitis are - Iryasamiti, Bhashasamiti, Eshanasamiti, Aadaansamiti, Uccharsamiti. The guptis are Manogupti, Vachangupti, and Kaaygupti. khuhA pivAsA sI uNahaM daMsA celAraityio . cariA nizIhiyA sikkA, akkosa vaha jAyaNA loll alAbha roga taNaphAsA, mala sakkAra parisahA pannA ajJANa sampad, IA bAvIsa parisahA Il28 27-28) Kshudha, Trisha, Sheet, Ushna, Dansh, Achel, Arati, Stri, Charya, Naishedhiki, Shayya, Aakrosh, Vadh, Yachana, Alabh, Rog, Trunsparsh, Mal, Satkaar, Pragna, Samyaktva - these are 22 parishahs. khetI madbhava ajava, mutti tava saMjame A bodhabdha sacce soe akiMcaNaM ca baMbha ca jaIdhammo l29ll 29) Kshama, Mriduta, Aarjav, Mukti, Tap, Sanyam, Satya, Shouch, Akinchanta, Brahmacharya - these are 10 types of yatidharma. paTama-maNicca-masaraNaM, saMsAro egayA ya annattA asuItta Asava, saMvaro ya taha nirjarA navamI 30mI logasahAvo bohI dulahA, dhammassa sAhagA arihA ! eAo bhAvaNAo, bhAveallA payaNa Il3II 30-31) Anitya, Asharan, Sansar, Ekatva, Anyatva, Ashuchitva, Aashrav, Samvar, Nirjara, Loksvabhav,

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NAV-TATTVA NAV-TATIVA Bodhidurlabh, Dharma - these 22 bhavanas should be practised with full efforts. sAmAIa- paDhamaM, chevaTTAvaNa bhave bIya T parihAra vizuddhie, suhamaM taha saMparAmaM ca Il3rA tatto A ahakakhAya, khAmaM savaMmi jIvalogami ! je cariUNa suvihiA, vaccati ayarAmara ThANuM Il3I. 32-33) The 5 types of Charitras are as follows first is Samaayik, second is Chhedopasthapniya, third is Parihaarvishuddhi, fourth is Sukshamasamparay. After that comes Yathakhyat charitra which is wellknown in this world and practising which many souls have been liberated. NIRJARA aNasaNa-mUNoariyA, vittIsaMkhevaNe rasaccAo ! kAyakiyeso salINayA ya, banjho tavo hoI 34 34) Anshan, Unodari, Vrittisankshep, Rastyaag, Kaay. klesh, Sanleenta are Bahyatap (physical penances). pAyacchid viNao, vecAvacce taheva sanmAo . jhANa ussaggo vi a, ahiMtara tavo hoI li35ll 35) Prayashchitt, Vinay, Vaiyavatch, Swadhyay, Dhyaan, Kaayotsarg are Abhyantartap (enternal penance). payaI sahAvo lutto, kiMI kAlAvahAraNa I aNubhAgo raso heo, paeso dala-saMcao |3 37) Prakriti means nature, Sthiti means timelimit, Anubhag means ras (power), Pradesh means amount of particles. paDa-paDihAra-si-majja, haDa-citta-kulAla-bhaMDagArINaT jaha eesiM bhAvA, kammANa vi jANa taha bhAvA ll38. 38) The nature of the eight karmas is similar to the nature of bands, doorkeeper, sword, wine, shack les, painter, potmaker, treasurer respectively. Iha nANa-daMsaNA-varaNa, veca mohAu nAma goANi 1 vidhvaM ca paNa nava du aTavIsa cau tisaya du paNavihe il39ll 39) The Gnanavarana, Darshanavarana, Vedniya, Mohniya, Aayushya, Naam, Gotra, and Antaraay are respectively of 5, 9, 2, 28, 4, 103, 2, 5 types. nANe A daMsaNAvaraNe, veyaNie ceva aMtarAe aT tIsa koDAkoDI ayarANa kiMI a ukkosA ll4oll 40) The maximum timelimit of Gnanavarana, Darshan avarana, Vedniya, Antraaya is 30 x crore x crore sagropams. sattari koDAkoDI mohaNie vIsa nAmagoesaT tittIsa ayarAI, AukriI baMdha ukkosA ll41|| 41) The maximum timelimit of Mohaniya is 70 x crore x crore sagropams, of Naam - Gotra is 20 X crore x crore sagropams, of Aayushya is 33 sagropams. BANDH bArasa vihaM tevo nirjarA ya baMdho cau-vigappo aT payaI-kriI-aNubhAga-paesa-bheehiM nAyabbo Il3ghA. 36) Twelve types of penances are twelve types of nirjara. Prakriti, Sthiti, Anubhag and Pradesh are four types of bandh.

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NAV-TATIVA bArasa mahatta jahannA, veyaNie aTTa nAma goesa sesANaMtamuhad, eya baMdha-phiI-mANa II4rA 42) The minimum timelimit of Vedniya is 12 muhurats, of Naam - Gotra is 8 muhurats and of rest is antarmuhurat. This is sthitibandh. MOKSHA saMta-paya-paravaNayA, dadhva-pamANaM ca khitta-phasaNA caT kAlo A aMtara bhAga, bhAve apAbahuM ceva ll4all 43) Moksha is to be discussed with respect to Satpad, Dravya, Kshetra, Sparshana, Kaal, Antar, Bhag, Bhav and Alpabahutva. saMta suddhAcattA, virjata akusumaMna asaMta 1 mukhatti payaM tassa , parUvaNA maggaNAIhiM Il44ll 44) 'Moksha' is a pure word. So, Moksha exists. It isn't nonexistent like a skyflower. Moksha is a word. It is described with respect to marganaadwars. gaI IMdie A kAe, joe vee kasAya nANe yA saMjama daMsaNa lesA, bhava same sakki AhAre ll4paI 45) Gati, Indriya, Kaay, Yog, Ved, Kashay, Gnan, Sanyam, Darshan, Leshya, Bhavya, Samyaktva, Sangni, Aahaari - these are fourteen marganaas. naragaI pabiMdi tasa bhava, sanni ahakhAya khaIasammatte ! mukakhoDaNAhAra kevala, daMsaNanANe na esesa ll4drA NAV-TATIVA Manushyagati, Panchendriyajati, Traskaay, Bhavya, Sangni, Yathakhyaat charitra, Kshaayik samyaktva, Anaahari, Kevaldarshan, Kevalgnan, not from other marganaas. davvapamANe siddhANaM jIva-davvANi huMtiDAMtAsi | logassa asaMkhije, bhAge Ikko ya savva vi Idoll 47) Siddhs are infinite. One siddh and all siddhs dwell in a space measuring lok - countless. kusaNA ahiyA kAlo, Iga siddha-paDucca sAIDaNato paDivAyADabhAvAo, siddhANaM aMtara nathi ll48 48) Sparshna is more than Kshetra. Timelimit of one siddh is saadi-anant. Siddhs don't come back to mundane state, so they don't have any antar. salvajiyANamAMte, bhAge te tesiM daMsaNa nANA khaIe bhAve pariNAmie, A puNa hoI jIvad I49ll 49) The siddhs are all jeevas + infinite in number. Their specific knowledge, common knowledge are imperishable and vitality is changeable. thovA napuMsa siddhA, thI nara siddhA kameNa saMkhaguNA | iA mukakhatagmeNaM, navatattA lesao bhaNiA ApanA 50) Napunsaksiddhs are less. Strisiddhs and Purush siddhs are countable times more respectively. This is mokshatattva. Thus, nine elements have been described briefly. jIvAI nava payatve, jo jANaI tassa hoI sammatta ! bhAveNa saddhahaMto, ayANamANovi sammai Il51|| 46) Moksha can be attained from marganaas such as

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NAV-TATIVA | 90 NAV-TATIVA 51) One who knows nine elements has samyaktva. Inspite of lack of its knowledge, even if one has faith in them, he has samyaktva. savvAI jiNesara bhAsiAI, vacaNAI nannahA huMti ! IA baddhI jassa maNe, sammatta niccala tassa pizA 52) 'Lord Jineshvar's words are never false' - one who has such faith in mind, has a firm samyaktva. aMtomuhura-mittapi phAsispaM hukta jehiM sammatta 1 tesiM ava8 puggala, pariaTTo ceva saMsAro Ivall 53) Their sansar is not more than half a pudgal paravart who have touched samyaktva even for an antarmuhurat. ussapiNI ahaMtA, puggala-paricAo muNeaLyo ! teDAMtA-tIaddhA, aNAgayaddhA asaMtaguNA II54ll 54) Infinite Utsarpinis make a pudgal paravart such infinite pudgal paravarts have passed away in the past. Future is infinite times greater than past. jiNaajiNa tityapatityA, gihi anna saliMga vInara napuMsA | patteya sayaMbuddhA, buddhagohiya IkkaNikkA ca pipA 55) Jin, Ajin, Tirth, Atirth, Grihiling, Anyaling, Swaling, Stri, Purush, Napunsak, Pratyekbuddh, Swayambuddh, Buddhbodhit, Ek, Anek - these are 15 types of siddhs. jiNasiddhA arihaMtA, ajiNasiddhA ya puMDariapamuhAT gaNahAri tityasiddhA, ati-siddhA ya marudevI //pA. gihiliMga siddha bharaho, vaklacIrI ca annaliMgami ! sAhU saliMgasiddhA thI-siddhA caMdaNA-pamuhA Ifpaoll paMsiddhA goyamAI, gAMgeyAI napuMsayA siddhA . patteya-sayaMbuddhA, bhaNiyA karaThaMDu-kavilAI II58 taha buddhabohi gurubohiyA ya Igasamae ega siddhA yaT Iga samayeDavi akhegA, siddhA teDaNegasiddhA ya //pa9ll 56-57-58-59) Arihants are Jinsiddhs, ganadhars such as Pundrik etc. are Ajinsiddhs, Ganadhars are Tirthsiddhas, Marudeva mother is Atirthsiddh, Bharatchakravarti is Grihilingsiddh, Valkalchiri is Anyalingsiddh, Sadhus are Swalingsiddh, Chandanbala etc. are Strilingsiddhs, Gautamswami etc. are Purushsiddhs, Gangey etc. are Napunsaksiddhs, Karkandu etc. are Pratyekbuddhsiddhs, Kapil etc. are Swayambuddhsiddhs, those who have received knowledge from guru are Buddhbodhit, a single soul liberated in a moment is Eksiddh, many souls liberated in a moment are Aneksiddh. jaIAI hoI pucchA, jiNANa mammami uttara taIyA ! ikkalsa nigoyalsa, asaMtabhAgo ya siddhi-gao lidaoll 60) Whenever Jineshvars will be asked about the number of liberated souls, their answer would be- 'The number of liberated souls is livingbeings of a nigod : infinite. If anything has been written in opposition to Jainism in this book by mistake, I beg pardon for it, please forgive me, Michhami dukkadam.

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The best eternal saint, late gurudev acharyadev shrimadvijay Premsurishvarji was - 1) A practisioner of pure ascetism. 2) A protector of ascetism. 3) An executor of yog (gifting) and kshem (protecting) of saints. 4) A father, grandfather and forefather of many great saints of Jainism. 5) An idol of abandonment, penance and endurance. 6) A lustrous multitude of celibacy 7) A great effort-maker to maintain peace in the sangh. 8) Worshipped by acharyas, upadhyayas and saint. 9) A great warrior to fight peacefully against unascetic activities, speaking opposite to Jainism and wrong path. 10) Victorious over anger, pride, deciet and greed. 11) A scholar of Jain-agamas. 12) Everready to serve and make others serve the child, the old, the diseased monks etc. 13) A scholar of Karma-scriptures. 14) A composer of vast Karma literature. 15) Always aware about wakefulness of soul. 16) A possessor of the mantra 'Soul purity'. Infinite bowings in the pious feet of this great saint. 329_S BOWINGS 24132 We bow down in the pious feet of Loard Shree SHANKHESHWAR PARSHWANATH, Loard Shree STHAMBHAN PARSHWANATH, Loard Shree KALIKUND PARSHWANATH, Loard Shree SIMANDHARSWAMI, Shashanpati Loard Shree MAHAVEERSWAM. DIVINE GRACE May Y 1) The ocean of doctrines, creator of a huge TY group of ascetics acharyadev shreemadvijay u PREMSURISHVARJI Maharaja 2) The logic scholar, practisioner of vardhaman penance acharyadev shreemadvijay BHUVANBHANUSURISHVARJI Maharaja, and $ 3) The ocean of peace, practisioner of perfect ascetism, pannyasji shree PADMAVIJAYJI GANIVARYA shower their divine grace on us. DECENT BLESSINGS a May the mobile computor of scriptures, leader of the gutch acharyadev shreemadvijay JAYGHOSHSURISHVARJI Maharaja bless us. BY THE COUATESY OF Late Mooliben Ambalal and family Taraben Tarachand, Upendra, Dinesh, Pushpaben Bansilal, Mukesh, Nipun, Piyush, Rasilaben Dharnendra, Nilesh, Sandeep, Ramaben Pandrik, Sharmesh